NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
LAB REPORT 1
MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS
BEE15-D
Submitted To :
Mr Muhammad Adnan
Submitted By :
Farhan Tariq
(480608)
Shamel Mujtaba
(467948)
Qasim Ali
(469380)
Khwaja Ibrahim
(463113)
OBJECTIVES
1.
To Create Project in Atmel Studio
2.
To Simulate Assembly code for AVR ATmega328p
3.
To Burn Hex file in ATmega328p using an Arduino Uno board.
Hardware Used :
Atmega 328p , LEDs , Arduino Cable
CODE
; Initial constants
ldi R16, 0b11111111 ; Load immediate value 0xFF into register R16
ldi R17, 0b11111111 ; Load immediate value 0xFF into register R17
; Set DDRA as output
out DDRD, R17 ; Output the value of register R17 to the DDRA register
; Code to toggle LEDs
toggler:
subi R16, 0b11111111 ; Subtract immediate value 0xFF from register R16
out PORTD, R16 ; Output the value of register R16 to the PORTA register
rjmp idle_loop ; Jump to the idle_loop
; Delay loop
idle_loop:
ldi R19, 0xFF ; Load immediate value 0xFF into register R19
ldi R20, 0xFF ; Load immediate value 0x0F into register R20
ldi R21, 0x10 ; Load immediate value 0x01 into register R21
idle_loop_0:
idle_loop_1:
idle_loop_2:
dec R19 ; Decrement register R19
brne idle_loop_2 ; Branch to idle_loop_2 if R19 is not equal to zero
dec R20 ; Decrement register R20
brne idle_loop_1 ; Branch to idle_loop_1 if R20 is not equal to zero
dec R21 ; Decrement register R21
brne idle_loop_0 ; Branch to idle_loop_0 if R21 is not equal to zero
rjmp toggler ; Jump back to toggle
TASK 1
Does the implementation follow simulation? Time blinking of any reasonable
LED and compare it with simulation. Document these comparisons and
observations.
Iteration 1
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
43312498
Time
207ms
R16
0x01
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
Cycles
1989162
Time
124ms
R16
0x01
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
4924927
Time
307ms
R16
0x02
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
Iteration 2
Iteration 3
Iteration 4
Cycle
Counter
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
6955335
Time
434ms
R16
0x03
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
8489889
Time
530ms
R16
0x04
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
9912170
Time
619ms
R16
0x05
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
10056932
Time
809ms
R16
0x06
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Iteration 5
Iteration 6
Iteration 7
Iteration 8
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
Cycles
10197210
Time
912ms
R16
0x07
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
Cycles
12105921
Time
991ms
R16
0x08
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
Cycles
13582198
Time
1043ms
R16
0x09
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
Iteration 9
1
Iteration 10
1
Iteration 11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
PORTA
Iteration 12
Iteration 13
Iteration 14
Iteration 15
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
Iteration 16
Iteration 17
Iteration 18
Iteration 19
Cycle
Counter
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cycle
Counter
I
T
H
S
V
N
Z
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
Cycles
4
Time
4us
R16
0x00
PORTA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Iteration 20
TASK 2
Upload the hex file to microcontroller with updated value of R21 as suggested
in Section 5.1 Task2. Observe changes and write them in submission. Time any
two reasonable LEDs from task1 and task2. Submit these readings and defend
your observations through them.
(Due to hardware knowledge limitations , this was performed on Proteus)
0