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Chapter 1: Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method This chapter introduces the
various methods of knowing and acquiring knowledge, emphasizing the scientific method as a systematic
approach to understanding behavior.
Chapter 2: Research Ideas and Hypotheses Focuses on identifying research topics, conducting literature
reviews, and formulating testable hypotheses.
Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Variables Discusses the importance of operational definitions,
measurement validity and reliability, scales of measurement, and different modalities of measurement.
Chapter 4: Ethics in Research Explores ethical considerations in research involving human and
nonhuman subjects, including informed consent, confidentiality, and the role of institutional review
boards.
Chapter 5: Selecting Research Participants Covers sampling methods, distinguishing between probability
and nonprobability sampling techniques, and their implications for research validity.
Chapter 6: Research Strategies and Validity Introduces various research strategies (descriptive,
correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental) and discusses threats to internal
and external validity.
Chapter 7: The Experimental Research Strategy Details the components of experimental research,
including manipulation of variables, control of extraneous factors, and establishing cause-and-effect
relationships.
Chapter 8: Experimental Designs: Between-Subjects Design Examines designs where different
participants are assigned to separate groups, addressing issues like individual differences and group
equivalence.
Chapter 9: Experimental Designs: Within-Subjects Design Focuses on designs where the same
participants are exposed to all conditions, discussing advantages, potential confounds, and methods to
control for order effects.
Chapter 10: The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group, Pre–Post,
and Developmental Designs Explores research designs that lack random assignment, including
nonequivalent group designs, pretest-posttest designs, and developmental approaches like longitudinal
and cross-sectional studies.
Chapter 11: Factorial Designs Introduces designs involving multiple independent variables, discussing
main effects, interactions, and various types of factorial arrangements.
Chapter 12: The Correlational Research Strategy Covers methods for assessing relationships between
variables without implying causation, including statistical techniques for analyzing correlational data.
Chapter 13: The Descriptive Research Strategy Focuses on strategies for describing behaviors and
characteristics, such as observational research, surveys, and case studies.
Chapter 14: Single-Case Experimental Research Designs Discusses designs focusing on individual
subjects, including baseline observations and interventions to assess treatment effects.
Chapter 15: Statistical Evaluation of Data Provides an overview of statistical methods used to analyze
research data, covering both descriptive and inferential statistics.
Chapter 16: Writing an APA-Style Research Report Guides students through the process of writing
research reports in accordance with APA style, detailing each section of the report and proper
formatting.
This structured approach equips students with the necessary tools to design, conduct, analyze, and
report research in the behavioral sciences.
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