Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly
A Thesis Presented
to the Faculty of College of Education
Carlos Hilado Memorial State University
Binalbagan, Negros Occidental
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education
Major in Home Economics
By
Garferio, Jenny M.
Garrucho, Romar E.
Grande, Joline E.
Luna, Ginmar A.
Sumael, Sheara V.
Tayco, R-jay C.
September 2024
Approval Sheet
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of
Technology and Livelihood Education major in Home Economics, this thesis entitled
“Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly” has been prepared and submitted by Jenny M.
Garferio, Romar E. Garrucho, Joline E. Grande, Ginmar A. Luna, Sheara V. Sumael, and
R-jay C. Tayco, who are hereby recommended for oral examination.
RYAN B. ENEMA, MBA
Adviser
Thesis was reviewed and approved by the Committee on Oral Examination.
SHIELA MAE T. TIÑASAN, MEd
External Panel Member
DAISY G. CARI-AN, DFT
Panel Member
REGINA P. MAÑOSO, MAT
Panel Member
ROSE F. REGALA, PhD
Moderator
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education major in Home Economics.
OPHELIA M. DUAYAN, PhD
Dean, College of Education
ii
Acknowledgment
This study was made successful through the help of significant persons who
guided and motivated the researchers throughout its completion.
First, the researchers would like to express their deep and sincere gratitude to the
Administration, Faculty and Staff of Carlos Hilado Memorial State UniversityBinalbagan Campus, for the privilege, support, and for allowing the researchers to
conduct the study inside the school premises.
To Prof. Ryan B. Enema., research adviser, who made this work possible and
successful. All the invaluable guidance, support, suggestions, comments, and provisions
given to the researchers helped a lot in completing this study. It is a great privilege and
honor to be under his tutelage.
To Dr. Rose F. Regala, research instructor, for sharing her expertise and offering
suggestions/recommendations to improve the study.
To Prof. Rolyzer R. Cajucson for sharing his knowledge and helping the
researchers analyze data and its statistical computations.
To the Panel members, Mrs. Shiela Mae T. Tiñasan, Dr. Daisy G. Cari-an,
And Prof. Regina P. Mañoso, who took time and effort to give their insights and
suggestions to improve this study.
Special thanks and appreciation to the participants of this study who willingly
helped with their full cooperation and for making this research successful.
The researchers also thank their dear parents for supporting them financially,
emotionally, and spiritually. They have received a great deal of support and assistance
through their wise guidance and sympathetic ears throughout the writing of this research.
iii
The researchers also extend their heartfelt appreciation to their friends and
classmates for their moral support and for spending their time with them:
Lastly, they give back all the praises and thanks to the Almighty God for giving
strength and providing them the knowledge and insights necessary to complete this
research.
iv
Garferio, Jenny M., Garrucho, Romar E., Grande, Joline E., Luna, Ginmar A., Sumael,
Sheara V., Tayco, R-jay C. Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly Unpublished
Thesis in the Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education major in Home
Economics. Carlos Hilado Memorial State University, Binalbagan, Negros
Occidental, September 2024
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to determine the market acceptability of oregano jelly.
The study was used a qualitative research design approach to know the factor that influence
consumer preference and perception in market acceptability of oregano jelly. The study
will describe the profile of the participants in terms of age, sex, monthly income or daily
allowance. Moreover, since it examines the relationships between respondent profile and
the factors influence the market, the study is relational in nature. In a relational design,
research measures a wide range of variables (Pernecky, 2016). The participants of this
study are the students and teacher in primary and secondary schools in Barangay Talaban
Himamaylan City of all ages they are selected using random sampling method. The study
showed that the level of acceptability in terms of sex, ages, pricing, buying habits, medical
benefits, dessert consumption, and intention of students and teachers, were rated differently
by 407 random respondents. In terms of sex both male and female interpreted as high level
of acceptability, in terms of ages elementary, high school and teachers interpreted as high
level of acceptability. In terms of price the 10-15 pricing has a total of 53. 81% level of
acceptability. The result also showed that market acceptability of oregano jelly in terms of
buying habits, medical benefits and dessert consumption, and intention to students and
teachers interpreted as high level of acceptability. This study finds that there is a high
general acceptability of oregano jelly product in market.
Keywords: Market acceptability, Oregano jelly
v
Table of Contents
Page
TITLE PAGE
i
APPROVAL SHEET
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
iii
ABSTRACT
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vi
LIST OF TABLES
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
x
LIST OF APPENDICES
xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
1
Statement of the Problem
2
Theoretical Framework
3
Conceptual Framework
5
Scope and Limitation of the Study
6
Significance of the Study
7
Definition of Terms
7
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Principles of Market
9
Consumer Behavior and Market Acceptability
13
Innovation and Market Adoption
14
Product Attributes and Market Perceptions
15
vi
Brand Image and Market Trust
16
Market Trends and Adaptability
16
Cross-Cultural Market Acceptance
17
Acceptability
17
Oregano
18
Jelly Production, Characteristic and Nutritional Value
20
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Research Design
22
Respondents of the Study
23
Data Gathering Instrument
23
Data Gathering Procedure
24
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly in terms of
Age and Sex
25
The Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly Buying Habits,
Medical Benefits, Oregano as Dessert and Intention.
27
The Percentage Distribution of Consumers Pricing Preferences of
Oregano Jelly Product
29
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
31
Conclusion
32
Recommendations
32
vii
References
34
Appendices
38
viii
List of Tables
Table
1
Title
Page
Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly in
terms of Age and Sex
2
25
Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly
Buying Habits, Medical Benefits, Oregano as Dessert,
and Intention
3
27
Percentage Distribution of Consumer’s Pricing Preferences
of Oregano Jelly Product
ix
29
List of Figures
Figure
1
Title
Page
Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework
x
6
List of Appendices
Appendix
Title
Page
A
Letters
3
B
Instruments
41
C
Validity Results
D
Reliability Results
E
SPSS/Excel Outputs
43
F
Certification of Similarity Index
48
G
Editor’s Certification
49
H
Statistician’s Certification
50
I
Evidence for the Conduct of the Study
51
J
Curriculum Vitae
53
xi
Chapter I
Introduction
Background of the Study
The growing interest in unique and innovative food products reflects a shift in
consumer preferences toward novel culinary experiences. Food texture refers to the
sensory perception of a food item's physical characteristics in the mouth, including how it
feels when chewed or manipulated. It is a crucial aspect of the overall eating experience
and can significantly influence meal enjoyment. It is anticipated that the worldwide
market for food textures will experience growth and expand from an estimated USD 14.3
billion in 2023 to USD 18.8 billion by 2028, growing at a compound annual rate of 5.6%.
This significant growth is primarily due to the rising consumer interest in varied food
experiences and textures. As people are increasingly looking for new taste experiences
and distinct textures, food producers are stepping up their innovation efforts to cater to
these changing preferences, which in turn fuels the market growth by adapting to the
ongoing changes in consumer tastes and demands. (Rahul P.,2024).
Customers are increasingly looking for products that not only delight their palates
but also offer a distinctive and unforgettable culinary adventure. This has created
opportunities for food entrepreneurs and established brands to explore innovative
ingredients and flavor profiles, leading to the emergence of a dynamic and experimental
food market. (Devendra Yadav,2020).
As a novel creation, Oregano jelly aligns with this trend by offering a distinctive
fusion of the familiar herb with the sweetness and texture of jelly. The market's
receptivity to such unconventional products can be attributed to a curiosity-driven
2
consumer base willing to explore new tastes and textures. Additionally, the perceived
health benefits associated with oregano, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties, may further enhance the appeal of oregano-infused products. (Shen Ann B. et
al., 2023).
Oregano has made headlines in recent years due to market surveys and research
publications attempting to quantify how much adulteration exists in the oregano market.
Deriving from the genus Oregano, oregano is an essential culinary herb, with the most
critical volatile oils that impart its distinct flavor found in the plant leaves. Bulking is a
known means of defrauding oregano in the market. Common adulterants for oregano
bulking agents are leaves of similar plants, usually myrtle, sumac, and olive (Drabova et
al., 2019).
The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the market acceptability
of oregano jelly comprehensively. By delving into consumer perceptions, preferences,
and potential barriers to adoption, the study aimed to provide valuable insights for the
market interested in introducing or optimizing oregano jelly as a marketable product.
Statement of the Problem
To determine the market acceptability of oregano jelly by analyzing consumer
preferences, perceptions, and willingness to purchase across different demographics.
1. What is the demographic profile of respondents
a. age
b. sex?
3
2. What is the level of market acceptability of oregano jelly in terms of buying
habits, medical benefits, oregano as dessert, intention and price?
3. What are the consumer's pricing preferences?
Theoretical Framework
A successful marketing strategy combines various elements of the marketing mix
into a cohesive program aimed at accomplishing the organization's marketing goals by
offering value to customers. The assortment of marketing tools represents the strategic
resources a company utilizes to secure a solid stance within its intended markets. Some
critics think that the four Ps may need to include certain essential activities (Kotler,
2016).
The concepts of marketing mix, marketing environment, consumer buying
behavior, market segmentation, product, price, place, and promotion decisions are well
explained. The focus is also on discussing emerging concepts, such as retailing, rural
marketing, green marketing, customer relationship marketing, digital marketing, and
consumerism (Kapoor 2021).
The term "product" refers to the combination of goods and services that a
business provides to its intended audience. For example, a Ford Escape comprises
numerous components such as nuts and bolts, spark plugs, pistons, headlights, and many
others. Ford presents a variety of Escape versions along with a wide range of optional
extras. Each car is delivered after thorough servicing and comes with an extensive
guarantee, which is an integral aspect of the product, as is the exhaust pipe. (Philip
Kotler, 2010).
4
The cost refers to the monetary value consumers must pay to purchase the
product. Ford determines recommended retail prices for its dealers to potentially charge
for each Model of the Escape. However, Ford dealers rarely charge the total sticker price.
Rather than setting a fixed price, they engage in price negotiations with individual
customers, providing discounts, allowances for trade-ins, and flexible credit options. This
approach adapts pricing to reflect the current market competition and economic
conditions, ensuring it matches the customer's perceived value of the vehicle. (Philip
Kotler,2005).
Place encompasses the strategies a company employs to ensure its products reach
its intended audience. Ford partners with various independently run dealerships to
distribute its various vehicle types. Ford meticulously chooses these dealers and receives
robust support. They maintain a stock of Ford cars, showcase them to prospective
customers, negotiate deals, finalize sales, and provide after-sales services for the vehicles
(Kotler, 2016).
Promotion entails strategies that emphasize a product's advantages to persuade
prospective customers to buy it. Ford allocates over $1.5 billion annually for these
purposes in the United States. advertising to tell consumers about the company and its
many products." Sales representatives at dealerships work with prospective purchasers,
convincing them of the superiority of Ford vehicles. Ford and its affiliated dealers
provide exclusive deals, discounts, cashback offers, and reduced financing charges to
encourage purchases. (Philip Kotler, 2005).
Marketing revolves around detecting needs and desires that haven't been met. It
aims to clearly outline, assess, and calculate the magnitude of the target market and its
5
profit potential. Additionally, it identifies the specific market segments that the company
is most suited to serve and develops and markets suitable products and services
accordingly (Kotler ,2010).
The marketing mix, often called the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, and Promotion), is
a fundamental framework for businesses to manage their marketing efforts strategically.
Every component is pivotal in defining how a business strategy engages and meets the
needs of its intended audience. Having this theory to understand the extent of the
marketing mix of Carlos Hilado Memorial State University- Binalbagan Campus gave the
researcher a responsive idea in changing consumer behavior, market trends, and
technological advancements. To refine their marketing mix and maintain a competitive
edge in the marketplace.
Conceptual Framework
This study was motivated by the acceptability of oregano jelly in the market.
Using a researchers-made instrument, the researcher measures the market acceptability of
oregano jelly in elementary and high schools of Enclaro, Binalbagan. Utilizing a
combined methodology in their research, the team of researchers determined the
demographic characteristics of students alongside the various elements affecting the
market popularity of oregano jelly products.
6
Figure 1.
Schematic Diagram of the Conceptual Framework
Input
Demographic
Profile
a. Age
b. Sex
Output
Process
Marketing Mix
a. Product
b. Price
Market
Acceptability
of Oregano
Jelly
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The main objective of this study was to determine the market acceptability of
oregano jelly in primary and secondary schools at Barangay Talaban, Himamaylan City
during the year 2023-2024. This study utilizes the quali-quanti research design. A
research-made questionnaire was used to gather data on the level of market acceptability.
Significance of the Study
This study is envisioned to utilize the market acceptability of oregano jelly. This
will primarily be a great help to the market, students, future research, and teachers.
Market
The result of this study may help them benefit from the product.
Students
This study will help the students come up with related research that can benefit
their studies. Furthermore, this study can be their basis for research improvement.
7
Teacher
This study can be used as a basis by the teachers, explicitly teaching about studies
related to market acceptability.
Future Researchers
This study may help future researchers conduct in-depth research on the market
acceptability of oregano jelly to discover possible and better innovations.
Definition of Terms
The following terms' definitions are conceptually and operationally clarified to
ensure precision and comprehensibility for researchers and readers.
Acceptability
This involves assessing a new initiative's acceptance and integration level among
the intended audience. Green & Kreuter, 1999; Steckler & Linnan, 2002).
In this study, acceptability refers to the satisfaction of consumers with a product.
Consumer
Pertains to an individual buying products and services for their consumption.
(Frank 2018).
In this study, the consumer relates to someone who will consume or buy the
product.
Jelly
Refers to a somewhat pliable and tender edible substance typically created with
either gelatin or pectin. It is often prepared from fruit, involving the process of simmering
fruit juice with sugar. (Davidson, 2014).
8
In this study, soft, somewhat elastic food products are made usually with gelatin
or pectin that is made by oregano.
Market
A market encompasses all potential buyers who have a specific need or desire and
are willing and capable of engaging in transactions to satisfy that need or desire. (Philip
Kotler,2010).
In this study, the market is one of the ways to distribute the new product to the
consumer. Market refers to a person who consumes the product.
Oregano
It is a perennial plant that has the characteristics of an herb, green and leaf-like,
with round-shaped leaves (Osabel, et al., 2007).
In this study, oregano refers to a perennial plant that has the characteristics of an
herb that is being used as raw material and converted to oregano jelly.
Product
Anything, whether physical or not, that is presented to a marketplace for the
purpose of attracting interest, being obtained, utilized, or consumed, and has the potential
to fulfill a desire or requirement (Kotler, 2016).
In this study, the product refers to the oregano jelly outcome that needs to be
accepted by the market.
Price
It is the quantity of one thing which is exchanged for another (Hadley, 1896).
In this study, price refers to the affordability of a product obtained by the market
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
This chapter presents related studies, articles, and related literature that serve as a
basis for this study that will be conducted.
Principles of Market
Marketing is one of the most important things in a business. Many people
mistakenly think that marketing is only about communication activities such as
advertising, promotion, public relations, and personal selling. In his book, Ferrell and
Hartline (2005) say that marketing is the process of planning and executing the
conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create
exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Viewed from that
perspective, they can see that the scope of the marketing function is considerably broader.
The marketing mix, which is also known as the 4Ps, is a widely accepted theory
in marketing and sports marketing. According to Harvard Business Review, the
widespread use of the marketing mix (4Ps) concept led to its being integral in the
organization of marketing courses (Shapiro, 1985). The concept has been utilized in both
theory and practice by academicians and practitioners since its origin more than half a
century ago. The marketing mix has four elements: P. Product, Price, Place, and
Promotion. Criticizing the marketing mix is not new to marketing research. Due to doubt
caused by emerging marketing trends such as marketing of services, relationship
management, and social media, new marketing models were needed to serve marketing
practitioners (Dhas, 2014).
10
According to Agwu and Carter (2014), 'among the 4Ps, price is the only income
generator, and it is the value attached to a product. Furthermore, price is the amount of
money charged for a product or service. It is the sum of all the values that customers give
up to gain the benefits of having or using a product (Kotler et al., 2010). Baker (1996)
noted that price is the mechanism that ensures that the two forces (demand and supply)
are in equilibrium. According to Santon (1981), price is simply an offer or an experiment
to test the pulse of the market. It is the monetary value for which the seller is willing to
exchange for an item (Agbonifohet al, 1998). Ezeudu (2004) argues that price is the
exchange value of goods and services. Schewe (1987) defines price as what one gives up
in exchange for a product or service. It is one of the most important elements of the
marketing mix as it is the only one that generates revenue for the firm, unlike the others
that consume funds (Agwu & Carter, 2014). Lovelock (1996) suggested that pricing is
the only element of the marketing mix that produces revenues for the firm, while all the
others are related to expenses. Diamantopoulos (1991) also argued that price is the most
flexible element of marketing strategy in that pricing decisions can be implemented
relatively quickly in comparison with the other elements of marketing strategy‖. It can
determine a firm's market share and profitability. Kellogg et al. (1997) point out that if
effective product development, promotion, and distribution sow the seeds of business
success, effective pricing is the harvest. Although effective pricing can never compensate
for poor execution of the first three elements, ineffective pricing can surely prevent those
efforts from resulting in financial success.
Strategy is a fundamental pattern of present and planned objectives, resource
deployments, and interactions of an organization with markets, competitors, and other
11
environmental factors. According to that definition, Walker concludes that a good
strategy should specify (1) what is to be accomplished; (2) where that is, on which
industries or product markets it will focus; and (3) how or which resources and activities
will be allocated to each product-market to meet environmental opportunities and threats
and to gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, according to Walker, the primary
purpose of a marketing strategy is to effectively allocate and coordinate marketing
resources and activities to accomplish the firm's objective within a specific product
market. The Marketing strategy requires a definition of the market domain in which the
company will compete and a statement of how utility and value will be created for
customers through product and service offerings. Recognizing customers' needs and
filling them better than competitors is the core of a successful marketing strategy.
(Walker & Boyd, 1992).
When customers' needs are satisfied by effective marketing programs, long-term
competitive advantage can be achieved, and financial goals can be met (Urban & Star,
1991). The marketing strategy can consist of one or more marketing programs. Each
program consists of two elements--a target market and a marketing mix. To develop a
marketing strategy, an organization must select the right combination of target over its
market(s) and marketing mix to create distinct competitive advantages over its rivals
(Ferrell & Hartline, 2005).
The term ‘marketing mix’ is attributed to Neil H. Borden and refers to the set of
marketing ingredients a company can use to achieve its objectives. Lancaster and
Massingham (2010) suggest some of the factors that the detailed marketing mix plans as
4Ps are Products (Quality, Features, Options, Style, Services, Installation, Warranty,
12
Packaging, and New product development), Price (Pricing, Price changes, List prices,
Discounts, Allowances, Payment, and Credit terms), Promotion (overall emphasis in
promotional mix, objectives, strategies and plans), and the last is Place (Channel
configuration/coverage/levels, Specific type of intermediaries, Terms and responsibilities
of channel members, Order processing systems, Warehousing, storage, stocking and
delivery policies).
Some previous studies are referenced in this research. The selection of the
marketing strategy of the SME was done by Astuti, Silalahi, and Wijaya (2015). The
research objective is to know the influence of 7P marketing mix variables, which consists
of product, price, promotion, place, people, physical evidence, and process on the
purchasing decision of consumers in determining the appropriate marketing strategy for
Malang Apples at Giant MOG. There are two (2) variables: the independent variable is
7P (X), and the dependent variable is the purchasing decision. In that research, multiple
linear regression analysis was used to determine the marketing mix variable that most
influence the purchasing decisions of Malang apple consumers at Giant MOG. Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to set the right marketing strategy for Malang apples
at Giant MOG according to the management of Giant MOG.
Research on marketing strategy was also conducted by Kumar and Rajeev (2012).
In his research, he explained that internet marketing strategy has a very important role in
many industries because internet marketing is one of the easiest and cheapest ways of
marketing. The population of internet users is increasing day by day, and it is easily
available in any part of the country. For the same reason, Kiran, Majumdar, and Kishore
(2012), in their research about innovative marketing strategies for SMEs, also suggest
13
using the internet as a promotional tool in Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs). It is
also agreed by Öztamur and Karakadılar (2014) that Dilhan did a marketing research
strategy using the internet as the media with the assumption that the internet gives us a
big opportunity to connect with people throughout the world. In his research, qualitative
content analysis is used as the main method because the ultimate target is to see the
company's strategic use of social media, including which contents they choose, how often
they update their accounts, what style of language they use, and how effective their
communication is.
The advent of technology has revolutionized market dynamics. Works by Tech
Trends Journal (2017) and Digital Commerce Review (2022) delve into the impact of
digitalization, e-commerce, and emerging technologies on market structures. The
literature suggests that businesses leveraging technology effectively can gain a
competitive edge and adapt to the rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Recent trends highlight the growing importance of sustainability and corporate
social responsibility (CSR) in market dynamics. Research by Green Markets Review
(2021) and Sustainable Business Insights (2019) explores how environmentally conscious
practices and ethical considerations influence consumer choices. This literature suggests
that businesses committed to sustainable practices can not only meet consumer
expectations but also contribute positively to their market reputation.
Consumer Behavior and Market Acceptability
Understanding consumer behavior is essential for determining market
acceptability. According to Kotler and Keller (2016), consumer behavior is influenced by
14
various factors, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. These factors
play a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences and attitudes toward products or
services. Research by Schiffman and Kanuk (2010) suggests that consumer attitudes and
perceptions significantly impact their acceptance of a product in the market.
Innovation and Market Adoption
Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory (2003) provides insights into the process
of how innovations are adopted in the market. The theory categorizes consumers into
innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. Understanding
these segments is essential for businesses to tailor their marketing strategies for different
stages of market acceptance.
Marketing mix is not a management theory derived from scientific analysis.
However, it is a system of conceptual work emphasizing the key decision to make a
marketing manager by organizing demand to meet customer needs. Hadiyati, E. (2016).
The pillars of marketing have been known as 4P, which stands for product, price, place,
and promotion. However, as customers become more sophisticated, three more Ps have
been added, mainly to the service industry, namely people, processes, and the physical
environment (Hashim and Hamzah, 2014). According to Kotler and Armstrong (2010), a
marketing mix is a set of marketing tools that companies use to achieve their marketing
goals. The 7P marketing mix is incorporated into a modern marketing system, including
product, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence, and process. These features
have resulted in an extended marketing suite for all services. De Guzman, (2016)
mentioned that his study had its theoretical underpinnings on the Marketing Mix theory
15
of McCarthy, which was often referred to as the 4Ps – Product, Promotion, Place, and
Price. McCarthy's model can be utilized in both long-term strategies and short-term
tactics. Yasanallah and Vahid (2012) considered that a marketing mix is a set of tools by
which entities achieve their marketing goals in their target markets. Bowman and
Gatignon, (2009) found that marketing mix models help to understand how customers
respond collectively to marketing activities and how competitors interact. Appropriate
models can be the basis for better marketing decisions. Kusumawati, Oswari, Utomo, and
Kumar, (2014) mentioned that partial test results showed that the single price variable
influences consumers' intentions to purchase a digital music product online, but the
results of concurrent testing results where all variables in the marketing mix, consisting
of product, price, promotion, place, people, evidence of the object. Constantinides, (2006)
argues that the documents identify two main blends of marketing as management tools,
constraints common to all areas under consideration, namely, internal model orientation
and non-personalization. Rathod, (2016) considered that the concept of Marketing Mix
helps marketers to review and define key issues such as Product, Price, Place, Promotion,
People, Process, and physical evidence that affect the marketing of their tangible offering
(Products) and intangible performances (Service). As a tool of marketing strategy to
review competition in the market, the service marketing mix, which is also known as the
extended marketing mix, is a significant part of a service plan that is essential for
optimum service delivery.
Abril and Cínov (2016) stated that the most effective marketing tools to build
private label brand ownership are private label communication in the store, private label
distribution intensity, and perceived price. Kwok, Tang, and Yu, (2020) mentioned that
16
the marketing mix later extended the 4 Ps model by adding three Ps, including Participant
(or People), Physical Evidence, and a more comprehensive and detailed framework in
analyzing a service product's marketing mix). Besides its ability to assess the critical
marketing elements of a service product, the 7 Ps Model can also be applied to other
areas as a generic marketing framework in such inquiries as qualitative content analysis
and big data analytics for business/marketing intelligence.
Product Attributes and Market Perceptions
Zeithaml (1988) emphasizes the importance of product attributes in influencing
market acceptability. Customers evaluate products based on quality, features, and
benefits. Additionally, Bitner (1990) highlights the role of service attributes, indicating
that not only the product itself but also the associated services contribute to market
acceptance.
Brand Image and Market Trust
A positive brand image fosters market trust and acceptability. Aaker's (1996)
research suggests that a strong brand can positively influence consumer perceptions and
create a sense of trust. Consumers are more likely to accept and adopt products from
brands they trust, as established by research conducted by Keller (1993) on brand equity.
Market Trends and Adaptability
Analyzing current market trends is crucial for predicting and influencing market
acceptability. Toffler's (1980) concept of "Future Shock" highlights the rapid pace of
17
change in society, impacting consumer preferences. Keeping abreast of emerging trends
allows businesses to adapt their products and strategies for better market acceptability.
Cross-Cultural Market Acceptance
Global markets require an understanding of cross-cultural differences in consumer
behavior. Hofstede's (1980) cultural dimensions theory emphasizes the impact of culture
on consumer preferences and acceptance. Businesses operating in diverse markets need to
consider cultural nuances for successful market penetration.
Acceptability
Consumer innovativeness is a personality possessed by consumers who are always
eager to try out new products. This aspect is normally tested using a domain-specific
innovativeness (DSI) scale. The scale is reliable and is the preferred method of measuring
the tendency of consumers to be the first to try out food products in various segments.
Consumer innovativeness has a strong positive relationship with the acceptance of new
products in the market (Simons & Hall, 2018)
The consumer's belief regarding a particular product has a positive outcome on
the acceptability of the product. This aspect of consumer characteristics has a great
influence on the acceptability of new products by the different segments of consumers.
Knowledge dictates the basis for food preference and its acceptability. The success of any
new food product in the market usually follows the diffusion of its knowledge to the
customers. Knowledge about the composition, functional properties, and, to some extent,
18
the processing steps influence whether the food product will be accepted or rejected by
the consumers (Hieke & Grunert, 2018) (Simons and Hall, 2018-2020).
Oregano
The oregano helps improve the functionality of the metabolism, and the body
remains rejuvenated and energized all the time. The increase in blood circulation, thanks
to the presence of minerals like iron, helps to oxygenate the cells and muscles of our
body, which boosts energy and gives us strength (Bhatnagar & Grover, 2018).
Oregano has several properties that deserve further characterization and
confirmation. Oregano's chemical constituents can suppress the growth of a broad range
of microorganisms in vitro. The conditions under which it can act effectively to
counteract microbial contamination in food products need to be better examined.
Particularly valuable will be characterization of the conditions under which its
constituents may combat human infection (Keith Singletary, PhD 2019).
The Mediterranean diet has long been known to provide a variety of health
benefits, such as cardiovascular protection, cancer prevention, and lowering
gastrointestinal inflammation. Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is an herb prominent in the
Mediterranean diet and has been shown to possess several bioactive properties, including
antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. The antioxidant
and anti-microbial properties of oregano also make it a strong candidate as a natural food
preservative. Because of the recent public concern with synthetic food preservatives,
natural alternatives are increasingly being evaluated for effective food preservation.
Oregano extract (OE) and essential oil (OEO) are two such agents that have shown
19
promise as natural food preservatives. Additionally, oregano is being evaluated for its
positive effect on gastrointestinal health, suggesting an additional benefit of food
preservation with oregano.
According to Medical News Today, oregano provides other antioxidants when
people consume it within their diet. Oregano leaves have already been used for thousands
of years within the Mediterranean region as traditional and herbal medicine to cheat anis
like skin sores, muscle aches, asthma, cramps, diarrhea, indigestion, colds, regulation of
the menstrual cycle, and boost overall health. Oregano leaves can help fight bacteria,
relieve inflammation, regulate blood sugar and lipids, and fight cancer. Oregano leaf
extract is a significant source of fiber and vitamins A, E, C, and K, as well as a high
amount of folate, iron, calcium, magnesium, and vitamin B6. Moreover, its promising
effect on gastrointestinal health is being evaluated, which may add to oregano's use in
food preservation. (Int J Nutr. 2019).
Oregano is packed with some exciting and healthy nutrients. A teaspoon of dried
oregano leaves contains protein, fiber, and carbohydrates. It is a good source of minerals
like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron. It contains many other
nutrients and compounds like vitamin K, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-carotene, and folate.
The essential oils in this herb contain terpenes like thymol, ocimene, carvacrol, limonene,
caryophyllene, and terpinene. These compounds have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory
properties (Organic Information Services Pvt Ltd).
Some of the ingredients in oregano may have anticancer properties. Scientists
have found evidence that extracts may help prevent DNA damage in cells due to
oxidative stress, radiation, and mitogens, a type of protein that can cause unwanted cell
20
division. Researchers have also found evidence that carvacrol and thymol may prevent
melanoma cells from growing and skin cancer from spreading. While eating oregano
alone is unlikely to prevent cancer, varied, plant-based diet rich in antioxidants may help
prevent cell changes that can lead to cancer (Brazier, 2020).
Bhatnagar and Grover (2018) noted that oregano helps improve the functionality
of the metabolism. The body remains rejuvenated and energized all the time. The
increase in blood circulation, thanks to the presence of minerals like iron, helps to
oxygenate the cells and muscles of the body, which boosts energy and gives strength. The
antioxidant and anti-microbial properties of oregano also make it a strong candidate as a
natural food preservative; because of the recent public concern with synthetic food
preservatives, natural alternatives are increasingly being evaluated for effective food
preservation. Oregano extract (OE) and essential oil (OEO) are two such agents that have
shown promise as natural food preservatives.
Jelly Production, Characteristics, and Nutritional Value
Jellies are characterized by a semisolid consistency made from a single or a
mixture of fruit juices and extracts (Ines, 2020). Children and adults widely consume
them due to their elastic and soft textures in various flavors (Cedeño-Piños, 2020). Frey
(2021) motioned that jelly adds carbohydrates to the diet, and carbs are the body's
preferred energy source. So, consuming jelly will provide the body with energy.
However, since jelly is consumed in such small amounts (typically) and it provides no
substantial vitamins or minerals, this food is not likely to benefit health significantly.
Fortifying this food, such as utilizing citrus fruit as a functional ingredient, is an
21
alternative to cater to consumers' demand for healthy food products (Ines et al., 2020). It
was noted by Ines et al. (2020) that the antioxidant property of citrus fruits was retained
once used as ingredients for jelly.
Chapter III
Methodology
This chapter presents the research design employed in this study, discusses the
strategies by which the respondents were determined, and illustrates the processes of
oregano jelly being accepted by the market. Elaborates on the approaches by which data
were gathered and analyzed.
Research Design
The purpose of this qualitative-quantitative research design was to refer to the
ways in which qualitative and quantitative research activities are brought together to
achieve greater insight. The study will describe the profile of the respondents in terms of
age, sex, monthly income or daily allowance. Mixed-method approaches allow
researchers to use a diversity of methods, combining inductive and deductive thinking,
and offsetting limitations of exclusively quantitative and qualitative research through a
complementary approach that maximizes strengths of each data type and facilitates a
more comprehensive. Mixed-method research combines elements of quantitative research
and qualitative research in order to answer your research question. Mixed methods can
help you gain a more complete picture than a standalone quantitative or qualitative study,
as it integrates the benefits of both methods. Mixed methods research is often used in the
behavioral, health, and social sciences, especially in multidisciplinary settings and
complex situational or societal research (Tegan, 2021).
23
Respondent of the Study
The respondents of this study were students and teachers of all ages in primary
and secondary schools in Barangay Talaban, Himamaylan City. The respondents were
selected using a random sampling method.
Data Gathering Instrument
The instrument used for gathering data in this study was a research-made
instrument. The research-made instrument was designed in such a way that it would meet
the main objective of the study. The instruments underwent validity testing by three
university-trained experts in the field. A Good and Scates was used to describe the rate of
each criterion from 1 to 5, with 1 being poor and 5 being excellent. Space is provided for
signatures and dates upon completion. It was done through reliability testing with a
minimum of 30 respondents who were not part of the final survey, which was generated
by Cronbach alpha with a score of 0.8. Cronbach alpha shows that 0.9 > a > 0.8, which
has an internal consistency of "Good."
The document provides criteria for evaluating the validity of a survey instrument.
It lists 9 criteria for assessing whether a survey questionnaire is short, interesting, obtains
in-depth responses, is not suggestive or stimulating, elicits definite but not forced
responses, avoids embarrassment, avoids suspicion, is not too narrow or restrictive, and
achieves its intended purpose. Respondents are asked to rate each criterion from 1 to 5,
with 1 being poor and 5 being excellent. Space is provided for signatures and dates upon
completion (Layoso, 2019).
24
Cronbach's alpha is a way of assessing reliability by comparing the amount of
shared variance, or covariance, among the items making up an instrument to the amount
of overall variance. The idea is that if the instrument is reliable, there should be a great
deal of covariance among the items relative to the variance (Collins, 2007).
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers used a self-made questionnaire to gather the information needed
for the study. The respondents of the study were students and teachers of elementary and
high schools in Barangay Talaban, Himamaylan City of all ages. Three university-trained
experts tested the instruments for validity.
Before they conducted the researcher-made questionnaire for their respondents,
The researchers sought approval from the respondents if they wanted to be interviewed.
The day before they conducted our self-made questionnaire, the researcher explained to
the respondents the importance of the role they played in their given responses. The
researchers welcomed them, established a harmonious relationship, eased their tension,
and encouraged them to answer the questionnaire as honestly as they could. The
researcher presented the study and briefly explained the whole procedure and the purpose
of conducting this study.
Respondents were given confidentiality, the name was optional, age, year, and
section, and monthly income/daily allowance was stated. Researchers secured all the
information that no one except the researchers could access. All the questionnaires that
the respondents answered will be burned out after the study is finished.
Chapter IV
Presentation, Analyses, and Interpretation of Data
This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the
collected data on the market acceptability of oregano jelly. The market viability was
determined the level of acceptability using the good and skate.
Research Findings
Table 1
Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly in terms of Age and Sex
Grouping Variables
f
%
6-12
213
49.31
13-16
139
32.18
17-18
47
10.88
19-above
33
7.64
Male
231
53.47
Female
201
46.53
Age
Sex
The Table 1 shows the demographic profile of respondents by age and sex. The
majority of the respondents are between 6-12 years old (49.31%), followed by those aged
13-16 (32.18%), while smaller groups fall into the 17-18 (10.88%) and 19-above (7.64%)
categories. In terms of sex, 53.47% are male and 46.53% are female, indicating a fairly
balanced gender distribution.
The table shows the demographic profile of respondents by age and sex. The
majority of the respondents are between 6-12 years old (49.31%), followed by those aged
26
13-16 (32.18%), while smaller groups fall into the 17-18 (10.88%) and 19-above (7.64%)
categories. In terms of sex, 53.47% are male, and 46.53% are female, indicating a fairly
balanced gender distribution.
According to Matt Mills 2023, examined the factor structure and measurement
invariance of the Körperkoordinations Test Für Kinder (KTK) and covariates of motor
competence in a sample of Iranian children aged 5-14 years. Methods: Respondents were
children aged 5-14 years (N = 432, 61% boys). Age, sex, and body mass index were
collected. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to investigate the factorial
structure of KTK, and multigroup CFA was carried out to test measurement invariance
across sexes and age groups. In addition, we calculated a model with covariates to
identify the association between KTK items with age, sex, and body mass index z score.
Results: CFA supported the construct validity of a one-factor model with an appropriate
fit index that the four subtests loaded on the same factor, namely motor competence.
Furthermore, according to the magnitude of changes in root mean square error of
approximation and comparative fit index between nested models, the assumption of KTK
measurement invariance across age groups and sex was valid. Finally, adequate fit
indices were found for the multigroup CFA path model of KTK with the covariates sex,
age, and body mass index z score. Conclusion: The KTK is a valid, reliable, and valuable
instrument for assessing the motor competence of Iranian children and adolescents
(Salami, Sedigheh, 2023). US-equivalent grade for which your child is age-appropriate
for Early Years, Elementary school, Middle school, and Secondary at Stamford
American. Take note, however, that the final grade offered will be dependent on a full
review of all required and requested documents.
27
Table 2
Level of Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly Buying Habits, Medical Benefits,
Oregano as Dessert, and Intention
Oregano Jelly as
Buying Habits
Medical Benefits
Intention
Dessert
Variables
Mean
Age
SD
VI
Mean
SD
VI
Mean
SD
VI
Mean
SD
VI
.
6-12
4.22
0.707
H
4.21
0.673
H
4.18
1.421
H
4.22
0.714
H
13-16
3.93
0.687
H
3.99
0.734
H
3.89
0.667
H
3.94
0.648
H
17-18
3.80
0.888
H
3.84
0.777
H
3.70
0.966
H
3.84
0.732
H
19-above
4.05
0.736
H
3.96
0.611
H
3.75
0.662
H
3.76
0.709
H
Male
4.11
0.711
H
4.08
0.733
H
4.08
1.455
H
4.04
0.712
H
Female
4.03
0.763
H
4.08
0.692
H
3.94
0.769
H
4.06
0.716
H
Sex
Note. 4.50 – 5.00, Very high (VH); 3.50 – 4.49, High (H); 2.50 – 3.49, Average (A); 1.50
– 2.4, Low (L); 1.00 – 1.49, Very low (VL).
The Table 2 shows the market acceptability of oregano jelly based on different
variables such as buying habits, medical benefits, and its use as a dessert across different
age groups and sexes. Across all age groups and sexes, the overall market acceptability of
oregano jelly is generally high in terms of buying habits, medical benefits, and its use as a
dessert, as well as the intention. The age group 6-12 shows the highest acceptability in
almost all categories, particularly in buying habits and intention, with mean scores above
4. The ages (17-18 and 19-above) show a slightly lower, but still high, acceptability, with
some variations in their responses. In terms of sex, both males and females demonstrate
high acceptability across all factors. However, males tend to have slightly higher means
in most categories, especially in buying habits and intentions. However, females show
28
slightly more consistency in their responses, as indicated by generally lower standard
deviations.
Based on the study of Singletary, Keith PhD, 2010, the course outlined in this
curriculum guide, modified to fit the quinmester organization of schools, focuses on the
role of the individual as a consumer. The aim of this elective, grades 7-9 course, is to help
the student develop sound decision-making habits for functioning more effectively in the
marketplace and best fulfilling his role as a consumer. The guide is divided into 1) a
broad goals section, 2) a content outline, 3) objectives and learning activities, and 4)
recommended textual materials, audio-visual materials, and supplementary materials.
Course content includes sections on money, credit buying, banks, good buying practices,
aides to buyers, advertising, and consumer deceivers.
Singletary (2010) said that oregano extracts and individual constituents
consistently have demonstrated anti-microbial actions in vitro toward food-borne
pathogens. However, the capacity to counter human infections has not been well studied.
Oregano contains several potent antioxidants that may contribute to the findings in
preliminary studies that oregano exhibits benefits to the cardiovascular and nervous
systems, relieves symptoms of inflammation, and modulates blood sugar and lipids.
Well-controlled human studies substantiating these health effects are lacking.
According to Sima Talebzadeh and Anoosheh Sharifan (2016), given the growing
popularity of the incorporation of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 in foodstuffs
worldwide, we attempted to study the feasibility of probiotic jellies via the
microencapsulation technique. Three forms of jellies containing free bacteria, alginate
beads, and chitosan-coated ones were developed and stored at different temperatures. The
29
survival rate and gastrointestinal resistance of bacteria were investigated, besides the
physical and organoleptic properties of jellies. Findings indicated that the encapsulated
probiotics were protected against low pH and high temperatures with maximized sensory
attributes despite the subsequent loss in turbidity.
Moreover, chitosan-coated microcapsules enhanced physical stability, spherical
shape, and metabolic activity in the gastrointestinal system (GIS). The counts of coated L.
acidophilus in the GIS could be maintained above 6 log10 CFU/g after 42-day storage. In
conclusion, microencapsulation with alginate, particularly when coated by chitosan,
could successfully shield L. acidophilus against harsh processing and digestive conditions
with desirable organoleptic and physical parameters.
Table 3
Percentage Distribution of Consumer’s Pricing Preferences of Oregano Jelly Product.
Variables
f
%
10-15
233
53.94
16-20
131
30.32
21-25
68
15.74
Amount in Peso
The Table 3 shows that the majority of consumers, 53.94%, prefer oregano jelly
to be priced in the ₱10-15 range, indicating a strong preference for affordability. A
significant portion, 30.32%, is willing to pay ₱16-20, reflecting moderate flexibility in
pricing, while only 15.74% of consumers are comfortable with a premium price of ₱2125.
30
According to Hahn and Karla (2019), in recent years, an increasing number of
publishers have adopted tiered pricing of journals. The design and implications of tiered
pricing models, however, are poorly understood. Tiered pricing can be modeled using
several variables. A survey of current tiered pricing models documents the range of key
variables used. Sensitivity analysis identified two main variables: the distribution of the
subscriber base across tiers and the price differential between the highest and lowest tiers.
Scenarios illustrating the effects of these two variables are presented and analyzed. The
results suggest that institutions falling into the highest tiers can experience substantial
price increases, particularly if the subscriber distribution is weighted toward the lower
tiers of the model. The implications for collection management at institutions of all sizes
are considered.
Chapter V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter presents the general findings of the study and the conclusion. Also
included are the recommendations to specific individuals by which the result of the study
can be of relevance either for utilization or for further improvement.
Summary
The primary objective of this research is to determine the market acceptability of
Oregano Jelly in terms of sex, age, price, buying habits, medical benefits, dessert
consumption, and intention of students and teachers. A mixed-method research design
was used in this study. The respondents of this study are students and teachers of all ages
in primary and secondary schools in Barangay Talaban, Himamaylan City. The
respondents were selected using a random sampling method. The instruments used were
the Good and Scates Scale (cater v. Good and Douglas B. Scates) to measure the liking of
the respondents to the market acceptability of oregano jelly.
The acceptability of the product was determined by the respondent's responses on a
scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being poor and 5 being excellent. The study showed that the
level of acceptability in terms of sex, age, pricing, buying habits, medical benefits,
dessert consumption, and intention of students and teachers were rated differently by 432
random respondents. In terms of sex, both male and female interpreted as high level of
acceptability. In terms of ages, the majority are between 6-12 years old (49.31%),
followed by those aged 13-16 (32.18%), while smaller groups fall into the 17-18
(10.88%) and 19-above (7.64%) categories it shows that between 6-17 years old have a
high level of acceptability. In terms of price, the majority of consumers, 53.94%, prefer
32
oregano jelly to be priced in the ₱10-15 range, indicating a strong preference for
affordability pricing. The result also showed that the market acceptability of oregano jelly
in terms of buying habits, medical benefits, dessert consumption, and intention to
students and teachers was interpreted as a high level of acceptability.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the level of market acceptability of oregano
jelly in terms of age and sex has a high acceptability level. Meanwhile, consumers' price
preference for 50ml oregano jelly has the majority selection of the price 10-15 pesos, the
frequency of 233 respondents, and the percentage of 53.94%. The market acceptability of
oregano jelly in terms of buying habits, medical benefits, dessert consumption, and
intention to students and teachers has a high acceptability level. This study found that
there is a high general acceptability of oregano jelly products in the market.
Recommendations
Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations were formulated:
Future researchers. The study revealed that the acceptability of oregano jelly for
all ages and sexes had high market acceptability; future researchers may investigate the
market strategy, distribution channels, Promotions, packaging, and branding of oregano
jelly. It is also recommended that the proper volume packaging for the majority price be
formulated according to consumers' preferences.
33
Additionally, future researchers may study the relationship between consumer
allowance and pricing to better understand how spending habits influence purchase
decisions.
People in the community. The analysis shows that oregano jelly is highly
acceptable in terms of medicinal benefits, desert consumption, and intentions. Therefore,
the people in the community can sell, purchase, and use the oregano jelly for their healthy
daily living.
Parents. The analysis revealed that oregano jelly has a high acceptability in terms
of medicinal benefits, dessert consumption, and intentions. Therefore, it was
recommended that the parents purchase oregano jelly in the market so that their children
will surely love it.
Teachers. Teachers may use this study to shift students' and consumers'
perspectives on various products made from oregano. They can also use this study to
highlight the different health benefits of oregano jelly and use this study as a reference in
the subjects related to health benefits, jelly desserts, and market acceptability.
Entrepreneur. This study revealed high acceptability. Entrepreneurs may use this
study to seek affordability and profitability. Based on this study, the researchers
recommend that if they sell this product, entrepreneurs focus on marketing the health
benefits and versatility of oregano jelly, targeting schools, health-conscious consumers,
and local markets.
REFERENCES
35
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Drabova, L., et al. (2019). Food fraud in oregano: Pesticide residues as adulteration.
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APPENDICES
39
Appendix A
Letters
40
Appendix B
Instruments
41
Appendix C
Validation Results
Criteria for Validity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
The questionnaire is short enough to read
and would not draw much of their precious
time.
The questionnaire is interesting and has a
face appeal such that in willing to respond to
it and accomplish it fully.
The questionnaire can obtain more depth to
and avoid superficial answer.
The items/ questions and their alternative
responses are not too suggestive and not too
stimulating.
The questionnaire can elicit responses
which are definite but not mechanically
forced
Questions/ items are formed in such a
manner as to avoid suspicion on the part of
the person.
Questions/ items are formed in such a way
that the responses well not be embarrassing
to the person/ person concerned.
The questionnaire is not too restrictive nor
limited in its philosophy.
The responses to the questionnaire when as
a whole, could answer the basic purpose for
which the questionnaire is designed and
therefore consider valid.
1
2
3
4
5
42
Appendix D
Reliability Results
Cronbach’s Alpha
∝=
k
Σs2
(1- 2 )
k-1
s
=
13
12.95
(1)
13-1
68.041
=
13
12.95
(1)
12
68.041
=1.0833(1-0.190)
=1.0833(0.81)
∝=0.8772 (Good)
Cronbach’s alpha
Internal Consistency
α ≥ 0.9
Excellent
0.9 > α ≥ 0.8
Good
0.8 > α ≥ 0.7
Acceptable
0.7 > α ≥ 0.6
Questionable
0.6 > α ≥ 0.5
Poor
0.5 > α
Unacceptable
43
Appendix E
SPSS/ Excel Outputs
44
Appendix F
Certification of Similarity Index
45
Appendix G
Editor’s Certification
December 04, 2023
This is to certify that the paper entitled “Market Acceptability of Oregano Jelly” of
Ms. Jenny M. Garferio, Mr. Romar E. Garrucho, Ms. Joline E. Grande, Ms. Ginmar A.
Luna, Ms. Sheara V. Sumael, and Mr. R-jay C. Tayco, for the degree of Bachelor of
Technology and Livelihood Education had satisfactorily passed the criteria for final
reading (grammar and composition), undergone plagiarism checks, and formatted based
on the guidelines set by the College of Education.
ARON JAN F. GEANGA, MEd
Signature Over Printed Name of Editor/Degree
46
Appendix H
Statistician’s Certification
December 04, 2023
This is to certify that the analysis of data of the paper entitled “Market
Acceptability of Oregano Jelly” of Ms. Jenny M. Garferio, Mr. Romar E. Garrucho, Ms.
Joline E. Grande, Ms. Ginmar A. Luna, Ms. Sheara V. Sumael, and Mr. R-jay C. Tayco,
for the degree of Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education was found to be
correct and appropriate.
ROLYZER R. CAJUCSON, MAT
Signature Over Printed Name of Statistician/Degree
47
Appendix I
Evidence for the Conduct of the Study
48
Appendix J
Curriculum Vitae
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name:
-
Address:
-
Contact Number:
-
Email Address:
-
Date of Birth:
-
Age:
-
Sex:
-
Religion:
-
Citizenship:
-
Civil Status:
-
Mother:
-
Father:
-
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
College
Bachelor of Technology and Livelihood Education
Major in Home Economics
Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Binalbagan (2020)
Secondary
Senior High School:
Aguisan National High School (2020)
Junior High School:
Aguisan National High School (2018)
Elementary
Aguisan Elementary School (2014)