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where do 3/4 of all hungry people live"where do 3/4 of all hungry people live <hr id=""answer"">rural areas mainly in the viallges of aisa and africa</hr>"
where are half of the worlds hungry people from"where are half of the worlds hungry people from <hr id=""answer"">smallholder farming communities</hr>"
of 8b people how many adults are obese and how many underweight"of 8b people how many adults are obese and how many underweight <hr id=""answer"">1.9b obese and 462m are underweight</hr>"
how many children are stunted? wasted? and what is it the result of"how many children are stunted? wasted? and what is it the result of <hr id=""answer"">149m children are stunted, 45m wasted due to acute or chronic hunger</hr>"
who are more affected by hunger and poverty"who are more affected by hunger and poverty <hr id=""answer"">women</hr>"
how many children are overweight-obese due to malnutrition"how many children are overweight-obese due to malnutrition <hr id=""answer"">37million&nbsp;</hr>"
what are the four pillars of food security"what are the four pillars of food security <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>availability</li><li>access</li><li>utilization</li><li>stability</li></ol></hr>"
what is food secrity"what is food secrity <hr id=""answer"">when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutriton food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life</hr>"
what are the three indicators used to calculate the GHI for a particular countru"what are the three indicators used to calculate the GHI for a particular countru <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>proportion of the population who are food energy deficient</li><li>prevelance of children under 5 who are underweight</li><li>child under five mortality rates</li></ul></hr>"
0-5 GHI score"0-5 GHI score <hr id=""answer"">Low</hr>"
5-10 GHI score"5-10 GHI score <hr id=""answer"">moderate</hr>"
10-20 GHI score"10-20 GHI score <hr id=""answer"">serious</hr>"
20-30 GHI"20-30 GHI <hr id=""answer"">alarming</hr>"
30&lt; GHI"30&lt; GHI <hr id=""answer"">extremely alarming</hr>"
despite progress, level of hunger in the world is still&nbsp;"despite progress, level of hunger in the world is still&nbsp; <hr id=""answer"">serious</hr>"
the GHI shows statistically significant correlations with measures of hidden hunger also known as"the GHI shows statistically significant correlations with measures of hidden hunger also known as <hr id=""answer"">micronutrient dificiency</hr>"
Clinical signs of hidden hunger (Vitamin A)"Clinical signs of hidden hunger (Vitamin A) <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>night blindness in children and pregnant women</li><li>low levels of serum retinol in preschool children</li></ul></hr>"
clinical signs of hidden hunger (iron deficiency)"clinical signs of hidden hunger (iron deficiency) <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>anemia in children and pregenant women</li></ol></hr>"
clinical signs of hidden hunger (iodine deficiency)"clinical signs of hidden hunger (iodine deficiency) <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>Goiter</li></ul></hr>"
in 2014 how many peopl worldwide suffered from hidden hunger"in 2014 how many peopl worldwide suffered from hidden hunger <hr id=""answer"">2 billion</hr>"
what are some things that hidden hunger cause"what are some things that hidden hunger cause <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>child deaths</li><li>stunting children</li><li>weakened immune system</li><li>severe anemia</li><li>brain damaged baby births</li></ul></hr>"
what are the three core issues in 109 countries"what are the three core issues in 109 countries <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>affordability</li><li>availabiliity</li><li>quality/safety</li></ol></hr>"
what improves and decreases availability"what improves and decreases availability <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>improves with poverty reduction and household wealth</li><li>decreases with disasters or catastrophes</li></ol></hr>"
what does the affordability category explore"what does the affordability category explore <hr id=""answer"">the costs that a country may face in normal times and at times of shock</hr>"
what is quality/safety"what is quality/safety <hr id=""answer"">nutritional quality of average diets and food safety environment in each country</hr>"
what does the food security risk index measure"what does the food security risk index measure <hr id=""answer"">the availability access and stability of food supplies across 196 countries</hr>"
what occurs when people are unable to meet their minimum food requirements over a sustained period of time"what occurs when people are unable to meet their minimum food requirements over a sustained period of time <hr id=""answer"">chronic food insecurity&nbsp;</hr>"
what occurs when there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status"what occurs when there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status <hr id=""answer"">tranistory food insecurity</hr>"
what occurs when there is a cyclical pattern of inadequate availability and access to food"what occurs when there is a cyclical pattern of inadequate availability and access to food <hr id=""answer"">seasonal food insecurity</hr>"
what is a state, lasting for atleast one year of inability to acquire enough food defined as a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements&nbsp; Hunger is defined as being synonymous with ____"what is a state, lasting for atleast one year of inability to acquire enough food defined as a level of food intake insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements&nbsp; Hunger is defined as being synonymous with ____ <hr id=""answer"">undernourishment</hr>"
what is the outocme of undernourishment and or poor absorption and or poor biological use of nutrients conumes as a result of repeated infectious disease. Includes stunted, wasted or micronutrient malnutrition"what is the outocme of undernourishment and or poor absorption and or poor biological use of nutrients conumes as a result of repeated infectious disease. Includes stunted, wasted or micronutrient malnutrition <hr id=""answer"">undernutrition</hr>"
what is an abnormal physioloigcal condition caused by inadequate unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients and or micronutrients"what is an abnormal physioloigcal condition caused by inadequate unbalanced or excessive consumption of macronutrients and or micronutrients <hr id=""answer"">malnutrition</hr>"
what is low height for age, reflecting a past episode or episodes of sustained under nutrition"what is low height for age, reflecting a past episode or episodes of sustained under nutrition <hr id=""answer"">stunting</hr>"
what is low weight for height, generally the result of weight loss associated witha&nbsp; recent period of starvation or disease"what is low weight for height, generally the result of weight loss associated witha&nbsp; recent period of starvation or disease <hr id=""answer"">wasting</hr>"
the ratio of weight for height measured as the weight in kg divided by the square of height in metres"the ratio of weight for height measured as the weight in kg divided by the square of height in metres <hr id=""answer"">BMI</hr>"
BMI of less than 18.5"BMI of less than 18.5 <hr id=""answer"">underweight</hr>"
bmi over 25 but less than 30"bmi over 25 but less than 30 <hr id=""answer"">overweight</hr>"
BKI of 30 or more"BKI of 30 or more <hr id=""answer"">obesity</hr>"
<div>the minimum amount of dietary energy per person that is considered adequate to meet the energy needs</div>"<div>the minimum amount of dietary energy per person that is considered adequate to meet the energy needs</div> <hr id=""answer"">minimum dietary energy requirement</hr>"
what indicates hopw many calories are needed to lift the undernourished from their status"what indicates hopw many calories are needed to lift the undernourished from their status <hr id=""answer"">depth of food deficit</hr>"
what measures the percentage of the populationa t risk of not covering the food requirements associated with particular levels of physical activity"what measures the percentage of the populationa t risk of not covering the food requirements associated with particular levels of physical activity <hr id=""answer"">prevalence of food inadequacy</hr>"
what are the two approaches to food issues"what are the two approaches to food issues <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>what should we have for dinner</li><li>will there be anything for dinner</li></ol></hr>"
in 1966&nbsp; UN-FAO estimated how much food was produced and how much was required"in 1966&nbsp; UN-FAO estimated how much food was produced and how much was required <hr id=""answer"">2700 calories per day per person was produced when the required amount was 2100</hr>"
what happens to the food"what happens to the food <hr id=""answer"">waste and biofuels reduces the amount available by 50%</hr>"
what did malthus believe"what did malthus believe <hr id=""answer"">population growth outpaces food production</hr>"
what concept did malthus refuse"what concept did malthus refuse <hr id=""answer"">that agriculture could be improved without limit</hr>"
what is the malthusian catastrophe prediction and why did he make that claim"what is the malthusian catastrophe prediction and why did he make that claim <hr id=""answer"">that unchecked population growth will outstrip food production, this is because population grows exponentially while agriculutre advances arithmetically</hr>"
what is the rothamstead experiment"what is the rothamstead experiment <hr id=""answer"">longest agriculture expirment ongoing in england since 1847, states that using no fertilisers or pesticides like in africa produces 1-2 tonnes per hectar, 70's inmput plot like india and argentina yields 4-5 tonnes per hectare and optimal modern systems plot about 10 tonnes per hectare</hr>"
"<img src=""paste-af2e651ac1a3a2066713421b066148f8e67deb83.jpg"">""<img src=""paste-af2e651ac1a3a2066713421b066148f8e67deb83.jpg""> <hr id=""answer"">although we produce enough food, political and economic factors impact if food is readily available to everyone</hr>"
global food crisis concern grows for a looming food crisis, why wont governments make promises, and instead what will they do"global food crisis concern grows for a looming food crisis, why wont governments make promises, and instead what will they do <hr id=""answer"">throw money at it as there is too many uncertainties</hr>"
what are solutions to global food shortages"what are solutions to global food shortages <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>reducing consumption, waste, and biofuel</li><li>introduce modern varieties, fertilisers, pesticides to developing countries</li><li>optimize food distribution</li><li>change food expectations</li><li>urban living</li></ul></hr>"
how much of the global population is directly or indirectly employed by agriculture"how much of the global population is directly or indirectly employed by agriculture <hr id=""answer"">28%</hr>"
what are the three factors to the great balancing act"what are the three factors to the great balancing act <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>meeting the rising food demand</li><li>sustainable resource management</li><li>ensuring equitable food access</li></ol></hr>"
what does the fao use to measure food insecurity"what does the fao use to measure food insecurity <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>availability</li><li>economic and physical access to food</li><li>food utilization</li><li>stability over time</li></ol></hr>"
what are the dimensions of food security"what are the dimensions of food security <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>utilization</li><li>accessibility</li><li>availability</li></ol></hr>"
what is stability"what is stability <hr id=""answer"">having utilization accessibiliyt and availability at all times</hr>"
Indicator: Average dietary energy supply adequacy"Indicator: Average dietary energy supply adequacy <hr id=""answer"">Availability</hr>"
Indicator: Average value of food production ($/person)"Indicator: Average value of food production ($/person) <hr id=""answer"">Availability</hr>"
Indicator: Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals roots and tubers (%)"Indicator: Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals roots and tubers (%) <hr id=""answer"">Availability</hr>"
Indicator: Average protein supply (g/person/day)"Indicator: Average protein supply (g/person/day) <hr id=""answer"">Availability</hr>"
Indicator: averyage supply of protein of animal origin (g/person/day)"Indicator: averyage supply of protein of animal origin (g/person/day) <hr id=""answer"">Availability</hr>"
Indicator: Percent of paved roads over total roads"Indicator: Percent of paved roads over total roads <hr id=""answer"">Access</hr>"
Indicator: Road density (km/100 km2 land)"Indicator: Road density (km/100 km2 land) <hr id=""answer"">access</hr>"
Indicator:Rail lines density (km/100 km2 land)"Indicator:Rail lines density (km/100 km2 land) <hr id=""answer"">access</hr>"
Indicator: gross domestic product per capita $"Indicator: gross domestic product per capita $ <hr id=""answer""><div>access</div></hr>"
Indicator: domestic food price index"Indicator: domestic food price index <hr id=""answer"">access</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of undernourishment (%)"Indicator: Prevalence of undernourishment (%) <hr id=""answer"">Access</hr>"
Indicator: Share of food expenditure of the poor (food expenditure/total<div>consumption expenditure)</div>"Indicator: Share of food expenditure of the poor (food expenditure/total<div>consumption expenditure)</div> <hr id=""answer"">access</hr>"
Indicator: Depth of the food deficit (ADER-ADES)* undernourished pop"Indicator: Depth of the food deficit (ADER-ADES)* undernourished pop <hr id=""answer"">Access</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of food inadequacy (%)<div>(undernourished(LPA)/pop)</div>"Indicator: Prevalence of food inadequacy (%)<div>(undernourished(LPA)/pop)</div> <hr id=""answer"">access</hr>"
Indicator: Access to improved water sources"Indicator: Access to improved water sources <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Access to improved sanitation facilities"Indicator: Access to improved sanitation facilities <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age affected by<div>wasting (low weight for height)</div>"Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age affected by<div>wasting (low weight for height)</div> <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are<div>stunted (low height for age)</div>"Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are<div>stunted (low height for age)</div> <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are<div>underweight (low weight for age)</div>"Indicator: Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are<div>underweight (low weight for age)</div> <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Percentage of adults who are underweight (BMI&lt;18.5)"Indicator: Percentage of adults who are underweight (BMI&lt;18.5) <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women"Indicator: Prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of anaemia among children under 5 years of<div>age</div>"Indicator: Prevalence of anaemia among children under 5 years of<div>age</div> <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the population"Indicator: Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in the population <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Prevalence of iodine deficiency"Indicator: Prevalence of iodine deficiency <hr id=""answer"">utilization</hr>"
Indicator: Cereal import dependency ratio"Indicator: Cereal import dependency ratio <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator: Percent of arable land equipped for irrigation"Indicator: Percent of arable land equipped for irrigation <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator:Value of food imports over total merchandise exports"Indicator:Value of food imports over total merchandise exports <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator:Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism"Indicator:Political stability and absence of violence/terrorism <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator:Domestic food price volatility"Indicator:Domestic food price volatility <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator:Per capita food production variability (compare with 5 year average)"Indicator:Per capita food production variability (compare with 5 year average) <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
Indicator:Per capita food supply variability (compare with 5 year average)"Indicator:Per capita food supply variability (compare with 5 year average) <hr id=""answer"">Stability</hr>"
what is the method of the FAO for its main food insecurity measure"what is the method of the FAO for its main food insecurity measure <hr id=""answer"">% of population belwo minimum level of dietary energy consumption (DEC)</hr>"
what does food balance sheets tell us"what does food balance sheets tell us <hr id=""answer"">gives a picture of the pattern of a countries food supply during a reference period</hr>"
what does household survey tell us"what does household survey tell us <hr id=""answer"">household dietary energy consumption, income and gives demographic data</hr>"
weight for heigh reference tables of WHO"weight for heigh reference tables of WHO <hr id=""answer"">find reference body weight by sex and age and gives estimate of energy requirement of everyone</hr>"
how many people are moderate plus severe in the state of food insecuirty in the world"how many people are moderate plus severe in the state of food insecuirty in the world <hr id=""answer"">2.33B&nbsp;</hr>"
how many peopl with severe food insecuirty"how many peopl with severe food insecuirty <hr id=""answer"">900m</hr>"
how many canadian houseolds in 2012 had food insecurity"how many canadian houseolds in 2012 had food insecurity <hr id=""answer"">1.7m</hr>"
how many individuals in canda experienced food insecuirty"how many individuals in canda experienced food insecuirty <hr id=""answer"">8.7m</hr>"
farm to fork (5)"farm to fork (5) <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>production</li><li>processing</li><li>distribution</li><li>consumption</li><li>disposal</li></ol></hr>"
key steps in food supply chain&nbsp; (6)"key steps in food supply chain&nbsp; (6) <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>production</li><li>processing</li><li>transportation</li><li>retail</li><li>consumption</li><li>disposal</li></ol></hr>"
name three factors that can be controlled and refulated in teh global food system"name three factors that can be controlled and refulated in teh global food system <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>government regulations</li><li>sustainable farming practices</li><li>consumer choices</li></ol></hr>"
how does technology help reduce food waste"how does technology help reduce food waste <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>better refrigiration</li><li>ai for supply management</li><li>blockchain for tracking</li></ol></hr>"
why do we throw away food"why do we throw away food <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>overproductions</li><li>expried items</li><li>consumer waste</li><li>poor transport</li></ol></hr>"
what are the benefits of local food"what are the benefits of local food <hr id=""answer"">lower emissions, economic benefits fresher produce, reduced food waste</hr>"
what is traceability in the food supply chain"what is traceability in the food supply chain <hr id=""answer"">the ability to track ingredients, companies and producers to ensure food safety</hr>"
why is traceability important in food safety"why is traceability important in food safety <hr id=""answer"">limits recalls, speeds up contamination response, ensures quality</hr>"
give an example of a major food contamination recall"give an example of a major food contamination recall <hr id=""answer"">horse meat scandal in 2013</hr>"
what are the priorities of the modern food syustem"what are the priorities of the modern food syustem <hr id=""answer"">globhalized outsourcing and longer shelf life</hr>"
what are major consumer demands regarding food"what are major consumer demands regarding food <hr id=""answer"">locally produced and fewer pesticides or herbicides</hr>"
whay do food system trends and consumer demands often oppose eachother"whay do food system trends and consumer demands often oppose eachother <hr id=""answer"">globalization reduces cost but consumers perfer local and minimally processed food</hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> How do cheap food prices impact the supply chain?"<strong>Q:</strong> How do cheap food prices impact the supply chain? <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> Lower farmer income, tighter profit margins, and downward pressure on salaries.</div></hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> Name two major challenges in food distribution."<strong>Q:</strong> Name two major challenges in food distribution. <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> Transportation costs and international trade regulations.</div><div></div></hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> What is the difference between a producer-focused chain and a commodity-focused chain?"<strong>Q:</strong> What is the difference between a producer-focused chain and a commodity-focused chain? <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> Producer-focused chains sell <strong>directly to consumers</strong>, while commodity-focused chains involve <strong>bulk trading and futures contracts</strong>.</div><div></div></hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> What is the name of the new cloud-based system for nutritional tracking in the UK?"<strong>Q:</strong> What is the name of the new cloud-based system for nutritional tracking in the UK? <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> “Nutritional Information Solutions” by Nutritics</div><div></div></hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> Why is standardizing nutrition information important?"<strong>Q:</strong> Why is standardizing nutrition information important? <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> Ensures label accuracy, helps consumers, and supports food trade.</div><div></div></hr>"
<strong>Q:</strong> Name three things food manufacturers can track using this system."<strong>Q:</strong> Name three things food manufacturers can track using this system. <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>A:</strong> Recipe development, allergen information, legal food safety requirements.</div></hr>"
how is waste defines"how is waste defines <hr id=""answer"">food that is intended for consumption but did not make it through the food supply chain</hr>"
FSC"FSC <hr id=""answer"">food supply chain</hr>"
what does food waste include"what does food waste include <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>spoiled food</li><li>surplus food</li><li>overconsumption</li></ul></hr>"
what was the FAO early approach to food waste"what was the FAO early approach to food waste <hr id=""answer"">post harvest loss reduction whcih failed and shifted to a holistic approach</hr>"
what is a two tier import/export market in food distribution"what is a two tier import/export market in food distribution <hr id=""answer"">higher quality food for export, lower quality food for local markets</hr>"
why is food wasted for cosmetic reasons"why is food wasted for cosmetic reasons <hr id=""answer"">consumers and retailers perfer visually perfect produce leading to the rejection of ugly food</hr>"
how do retail policies contribute to food waste"how do retail policies contribute to food waste <hr id=""answer"">strict quality rules, supplier de listing and private label products that can not be resold</hr>"
what is the main cause of food waste in developing countries"what is the main cause of food waste in developing countries <hr id=""answer"">poor storage and transport</hr>"
what is the main cause of food waste in developed countries"what is the main cause of food waste in developed countries <hr id=""answer"">msot at home by the consumer</hr>"
demographic and food waste"demographic and food waste <hr id=""answer"">the older waste less</hr>"
cultural background and food waste"cultural background and food waste <hr id=""answer"">differ in how food is viewed and valued</hr>"
income and food waste"income and food waste <hr id=""answer"">higher income higher waste, as the proportion of income spent on food decreases the food waste increases</hr>"
examples of storage issues and lack of infrastructure"examples of storage issues and lack of infrastructure <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>bad roads across seasons</li><li>developed food chains and markets</li><li>electricity reliability and refreigeration capacity</li></ol></hr>"
example of poor storage and infrastructureq"example of poor storage and infrastructureq <hr id=""answer"">india wastes as much wheat as australia produces</hr>"
shelf life"shelf life <hr id=""answer"">fit for consumption</hr>"
best before date"best before date <hr id=""answer"">food quality</hr>"
expirey date"expirey date <hr id=""answer"">food safety</hr>"
use by date"use by date <hr id=""answer"">safety warning</hr>"
open by&nbsp;"open by&nbsp; <hr id=""answer"">does not replace use by date, guide to consumer</hr>"
sell by"sell by <hr id=""answer"">display, anticipated duration to consumption, in store tracking</hr>"
what are some drawbacks of food packaging"what are some drawbacks of food packaging <hr id=""answer"">loss of nutrients, environmental costs of transport</hr>"
how does packaging help protect food"how does packaging help protect food <hr id=""answer"">prevents contamination from pathogens</hr>"
what is a major benefit of food packaging in global trade"what is a major benefit of food packaging in global trade <hr id=""answer"">allows access to exotic and out of season foods</hr>"
define germicide"define germicide <hr id=""answer"">kills pathogens and many non pathogens but not necessarily endospores</hr>"
define bactericides"define bactericides <hr id=""answer"">agents that kill bacteria</hr>"
____icides"____icides <hr id=""answer"">agents that kill ____</hr>"
what are static agents"what are static agents <hr id=""answer"">agents that inhibit microbvial growth withoput killing the microorganism</hr>"
what are some examples of static agents"what are some examples of static agents <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>bacteriostatic - stops bacterial growth</li><li>fungistatic - stops fungal growth</li></ol></hr>"
how does refrigeration act as a static agent"how does refrigeration act as a static agent <hr id=""answer"">slows bacterial and fungal growth but does not kill them</hr>"
sterilization vs disinfection"sterilization vs disinfection <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>sterilization removes all microbes</li><li>disinfection removes pathogens but not all microbes</li></ol></hr>"
name two methods of sterilization"name two methods of sterilization <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>autoclaving - heat</li><li>radiation - uv and gamma rays</li></ol></hr>"
what are disinfectants and where are they used"what are disinfectants and where are they used <hr id=""answer"">chemical agents that kill pathogens used on tools and objects</hr>"
what is sanitization"what is sanitization <hr id=""answer"">reducing the microbial population to safe levels as defined by the public health standards</hr>"
goal of sanitization"goal of sanitization <hr id=""answer"">does not sterilize but makes surface objects safe for use</hr>"
what is antisepsis"what is antisepsis <hr id=""answer"">prevention of infection by microorganism on living tissues</hr>"
what are antiseptics"what are antiseptics <hr id=""answer"">chemical agents that kill or inhibit microbial growth on skin and wounds</hr>"
antiseptics vs disinfectants"antiseptics vs disinfectants <hr id=""answer"">antiseptics are used on living tissues while disinfectants are used on non living surfaces</hr>"
examples of antiseptics 2"examples of antiseptics 2 <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>alcohol based hand sanitizer</li><li>iodine</li></ol></hr>"
what does gamma radiation do to food"what does gamma radiation do to food <hr id=""answer"">sterilizes it by killing bacteria but does not alter the food or make it radioactive</hr>"
what type of microorganisms are most resistant to gamma radiation"what type of microorganisms are most resistant to gamma radiation <hr id=""answer"">viruses</hr>"
name three material sterilized by gamma radiation"name three material sterilized by gamma radiation <hr id=""answer"">medical supplies, antibiotics, food products</hr>"
what is gamma radiation used for"what is gamma radiation used for <hr id=""answer"">sterilization of non living heat sensitive material</hr>"
what is the limitation of UV radiation"what is the limitation of UV radiation <hr id=""answer"">does not penetrate glass, water or solid materials</hr>"
how does&nbsp; UV radiation kill microorganisms"how does&nbsp; UV radiation kill microorganisms <hr id=""answer"">damages dna and proteins preventing microbial replication</hr>"
where is UV radiation commonly used for sterilization"where is UV radiation commonly used for sterilization <hr id=""answer"">hospital surfaces, lab equipment and air disinfection</hr>"
what is osmostic potential"what is osmostic potential <hr id=""answer"">the amount of available water in a substance</hr>"
osmotic potential; salt concentration"osmotic potential; salt concentration <hr id=""answer"">high salt means low available water</hr>"
how does salt concentration help perserve food"how does salt concentration help perserve food <hr id=""answer"">reduced available water preventing microbial growth</hr>"
name two examples of food preserve using osmotic potential"name two examples of food preserve using osmotic potential <hr id=""answer"">meat jerky and dried fruit</hr>"
how do dtergents and soaps kill microbes"how do dtergents and soaps kill microbes <hr id=""answer"">they dissolve microbial lipiud membranes causing cell damage</hr>"
what is protein denaturation"what is protein denaturation <hr id=""answer"">when proteins lose their structure preventing microbes from functioning&nbsp;</hr>"
name two metabolic toxins used for microbial control"name two metabolic toxins used for microbial control <hr id=""answer"">smoked meat, antibiotics</hr>"
hwo does pH influce microbial survival"hwo does pH influce microbial survival <hr id=""answer"">manyu bacteria cannot survive in acidic or basic environments</hr>"
how do gasses like o2 nitrogen affect microbial growth"how do gasses like o2 nitrogen affect microbial growth <hr id=""answer"">anaerobes die in oxygen and nitrogen/inert gases can replace oxygen to prevent spoilage</hr>"
why does temperature affect microbial survival"why does temperature affect microbial survival <hr id=""answer"">each microbe has optimal growth temp, if too hot proetin denatures if too cold metabolism slows</hr>"
how does dry heat kill microorganism"how does dry heat kill microorganism <hr id=""answer"">degrades nucleic acids, denatures proteins and disrupts membranes, also oxidizes cell components causing cell death</hr>"
why is moist heat more effective than dry heat"why is moist heat more effective than dry heat <hr id=""answer"">moist heat denatures proetins faster and at lower temps</hr>"
what is an autoclave and why is it effectiv"what is an autoclave and why is it effectiv <hr id=""answer"">steam based sterilizer that reaches above boiling to kill endospores</hr>"
how does freezinf prevent microbial growth"how does freezinf prevent microbial growth <hr id=""answer"">removes liquid water stopping metabolism and reproduction</hr>"
how does refrigeration slow microbial growth"how does refrigeration slow microbial growth <hr id=""answer"">reduces metabolism</hr>"
what is pasteurization&nbsp;"what is pasteurization&nbsp; <hr id=""answer"">controlle dheating at below boiling temps to reduce microbial population and increase shelf life</hr>"
what are the 2 main types of pastuerizatoin"what are the 2 main types of pastuerizatoin <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>flash pastuerization - htst - high temp short term - 72 c for 15 s then cooling</li><li>UHT sterilization - 140 to 150C for 1-3s</li></ol></hr>"
which pathogen is pasteurization designed to kill"which pathogen is pasteurization designed to kill <hr id=""answer"">coxiella burnetii</hr>"
how did the mongols use food security as a weapon"how did the mongols use food security as a weapon <hr id=""answer"">they burned crops, clsughtered livestock and blockaded cities to starve their enemies into submission</hr>"
why was food security crucial to mongo warfare"why was food security crucial to mongo warfare <hr id=""answer"">their nomadic lifestyle required mobile food sources and strategic resource control</hr>"
what role did siege warfare play in food supply disruption"what role did siege warfare play in food supply disruption <hr id=""answer"">cities were cut off from food until starvation forced surrender</hr>"
what was the impact of mongol expansion on trade"what was the impact of mongol expansion on trade <hr id=""answer"">it created a large free-trade zone, safer silk road routes and reduced taxes</hr>"
how did mongol food planning ensure success"how did mongol food planning ensure success <hr id=""answer"">seecured food supplies, conducted reconnaissance and limited baggage for mobility</hr>"
what are traditional preservation methods"what are traditional preservation methods <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>drying</li><li>smoking</li><li>boiling</li><li>osmotic concentration</li><li>pH adjustments</li></ol></hr>"
modern preservatoin techniques"modern preservatoin techniques <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>canning</li><li>refrigeration</li><li>pasteurization</li><li>freezing</li><li>vacuum</li><li>ionizing radiation</li></ol></hr>"
what do traditonal methods rely on"what do traditonal methods rely on <hr id=""answer"">removing moisture or inhibiting microbes</hr>"
what do modern techniques rely on&nbsp;"what do modern techniques rely on&nbsp; <hr id=""answer"">extend shelf life while maintaining food quality</hr>"
why was nutrition knowledge important in military history"why was nutrition knowledge important in military history <hr id=""answer"">it determined what could be stored and transported for army survival</hr>"
what food preservation innovations emerged in napoleons era"what food preservation innovations emerged in napoleons era <hr id=""answer"">canning, tinning and refrigeration improved food storage</hr>"
how did food security impact ww2"how did food security impact ww2 <hr id=""answer"">canning became a booming industry providing cheap long lasting food</hr>"
what were the weaknesses of early tin cans"what were the weaknesses of early tin cans <hr id=""answer"">poor seals led to food poisoning and cans were heavy and bulku</hr>"
hwo did mobile armies manege food supply"hwo did mobile armies manege food supply <hr id=""answer"">they relied on continuous supply lines and strategic reconnaissance</hr>"
hwo did food insecuirty contribute to madagascars 2009 political crisis"hwo did food insecuirty contribute to madagascars 2009 political crisis <hr id=""answer"">land deal with a foreigh company led to protests over food shortages and resource exploitation causing govenrment collapse</hr>"
what is the main issue with foreign land leasing"what is the main issue with foreign land leasing <hr id=""answer"">food grown on leased land is often exported, leaving local populations food insecure</hr>"
why do countries lease foreign land for agriculture"why do countries lease foreign land for agriculture <hr id=""answer"">due to scarcity of water and land, declining yieldsm and reduced public investment in farming</hr>"
what happened in ethiopias gambella region"what happened in ethiopias gambella region <hr id=""answer"">indian company leased the land for 50 years, leading to deforestation, river diversioon and village displacement</hr>"
what was the name of the deal in madagascar 2009"what was the name of the deal in madagascar 2009 <hr id=""answer"">daewoo logistics land lease deal which gave half of madagascars farmland to south korea rent free causing protests and government collapse</hr>"
what is land grabbing"what is land grabbing <hr id=""answer"">when rich countries lease farmland in poorer nations to produce food for export</hr>"
how many syrians were displaced due to war"how many syrians were displaced due to war <hr id=""answer"">14m since 2011</hr>"
how many people did the WFP try to feed in syria monthly"how many people did the WFP try to feed in syria monthly <hr id=""answer"">10.5m</hr>"
what challenged does food aid face in war zones"what challenged does food aid face in war zones <hr id=""answer"">supply chain disruptions, access restriction and fuel and transportation shortages</hr>"
what is the current global temp"what is the current global temp <hr id=""answer"">15</hr>"
what would earths temp be without greenhouse gasses"what would earths temp be without greenhouse gasses <hr id=""answer"">-18 --&gt; fully frozen</hr>"
how much has the global temp increased per decade"how much has the global temp increased per decade <hr id=""answer"">now its +1 per decade, in 1976 it was +0.15</hr>"
why is global warming a problem"why is global warming a problem <hr id=""answer"">more extreme weather, rising sea levels, food and water storage</hr>"
what are the consequences fof rising global temp"what are the consequences fof rising global temp <hr id=""answer"">more sever hurricanes, droughts, floods, and wildfires</hr>"
what major event happened in 07 related to arctic ice"what major event happened in 07 related to arctic ice <hr id=""answer"">smallest recorded ice area, opening up new shippiung routes</hr>"
what does climate change do to extreme weather"what does climate change do to extreme weather <hr id=""answer"">harder to predict, strogner el nino effects more hurricanes and winter storms</hr>"
what happesn if glaciers keep melting"what happesn if glaciers keep melting <hr id=""answer"">rivers dry, less drinking water, farms and electricity impacted</hr>"
where does 75% of the south sask river water come from"where does 75% of the south sask river water come from <hr id=""answer"">the rockies</hr>"
what % of the sask river water goes to irrigation"what % of the sask river water goes to irrigation <hr id=""answer"">86%</hr>"
how much has glacier are cover decreased in sask since 1951"how much has glacier are cover decreased in sask since 1951 <hr id=""answer"">5-15%</hr>"
hwo does global warming effect diseases"hwo does global warming effect diseases <hr id=""answer"">expands range of viruses, increases disease survival and transmission</hr>"
what example was given of an emergin disease"what example was given of an emergin disease <hr id=""answer"">first rabid cat in novia scotia in 2003 and PEi in 2004</hr>"
what was the GDP loss from the prarie drought"what was the GDP loss from the prarie drought <hr id=""answer"">5.8B</hr>"
how much did agriculture production drop during prarie drought"how much did agriculture production drop during prarie drought <hr id=""answer"">3.6B</hr>"
what % of albertas lake area has disappeared"what % of albertas lake area has disappeared <hr id=""answer"">60%</hr>"
what is the impact of just +1C warming on water"what is the impact of just +1C warming on water <hr id=""answer"">40% more evaporation, 20% less rainfall</hr>"
what will happen to lakes if temp rise by 4-5C"what will happen to lakes if temp rise by 4-5C <hr id=""answer"">they could dry up in one year</hr>"
how long does it take for CO2 reductions to affect the climate"how long does it take for CO2 reductions to affect the climate <hr id=""answer"">50-100 years</hr>"
what must agricultuire do to adapt to climate change"what must agricultuire do to adapt to climate change <hr id=""answer"">develop new crops suited to extreme weather</hr>"
where did early farming begin"where did early farming begin <hr id=""answer"">tigris, euphrates, nile indus yangzte valleys</hr>"
who was jethro tull, and what did he invent"who was jethro tull, and what did he invent <hr id=""answer"">seed drill in 1701 and the horse-drawn hoe</hr>"
"what did jethro tulls book ""horse hoeing husbandry"" promote""what did jethro tulls book ""horse hoeing husbandry"" promote <hr id=""answer"">ploughing improves fertility and reduces manure needs</hr>"
what was the bow and plough used for"what was the bow and plough used for <hr id=""answer"">made for straight furrowes, pulled by animals used in loose soil</hr>"
when and where was teh mouldboard plough developed"when and where was teh mouldboard plough developed <hr id=""answer"">china dn then later spread to europe</hr>"
what are the beenfits of the mouldboard plough"what are the beenfits of the mouldboard plough <hr id=""answer"">turns over soil, breaks roots, releases nutrients</hr>"
who refined the plough in the 18th century"who refined the plough in the 18th century <hr id=""answer"">thomas jefferson in 1784, john deere in 1837</hr>"
hwo did tractors change farmin"hwo did tractors change farmin <hr id=""answer"">more horsepower, faster ploughing, larger farms</hr>"
what replaced manure in modern farming"what replaced manure in modern farming <hr id=""answer"">synthetic fertilizers</hr>"
what are the different types of tillage"what are the different types of tillage <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>intensive - &lt;15% residue</li><li>reduced - 15-30% residue</li><li>conservation - &gt;30% residue</li><li>no till</li></ol></hr>"
why is no till farming beneficial"why is no till farming beneficial <hr id=""answer"">preserves soil structrure, retains moisture, protects organisms</hr>"
what are the effects of soil compaction"what are the effects of soil compaction <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>reduces aeration</li><li>alters temperatures</li><li>affects moisture and decomposition</li></ol></hr>"
what is the main effect of soil compaction"what is the main effect of soil compaction <hr id=""answer"">reduces aeration, drainage and biological activity</hr>"
how does long term farming affect soil nutrients"how does long term farming affect soil nutrients <hr id=""answer"">nutrient depletion, lower water retention, and weaker structure</hr>"
what happens to soil under conservation farming"what happens to soil under conservation farming <hr id=""answer"">organic matter and structure improve over time</hr>"
why is ped recovery important for soil health"why is ped recovery important for soil health <hr id=""answer"">it restores microhabitats and soil structure</hr>"
what caused the landscape collapse in providence canyone"what caused the landscape collapse in providence canyone <hr id=""answer"">deforestation, erosion and poor land management</hr>"
what happened in argentina's 2015 soil disaster"what happened in argentina's 2015 soil disaster <hr id=""answer"">reapid erosion led to farmland collapse overnight</hr>"
how did historical land use affect soil nutrients"how did historical land use affect soil nutrients <hr id=""answer"">agriculture depleted potassium, magnesium and calcium</hr>"
what happened to soil pH in long term cultivated lands"what happened to soil pH in long term cultivated lands <hr id=""answer"">lower pH due to prolonged agriculture use</hr>"
how does fertilizer impact soil health"how does fertilizer impact soil health <hr id=""answer"">disrupts microbial activity, causes pollution</hr>"
why is pesticide use problematic"why is pesticide use problematic <hr id=""answer"">bioaccumulation, toxicity and harm to non target species</hr>"
what is a major risk of irrigation"what is a major risk of irrigation <hr id=""answer"">soil erosion, salinity build up, groundwater loss</hr>"
what causes desertification"what causes desertification <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>overgrazing</li><li>deforestation</li><li>unsustainable agriculture</li></ul></hr>"
what does desertification cause"what does desertification cause <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>soil degradation</li><li>water scarcity</li><li>increased erosion</li></ul></hr>"
what is one example of successful reversal of desertification"what is one example of successful reversal of desertification <hr id=""answer"">loess plateau china or the great green wall in africa</hr>"
why is soil erosion bad"why is soil erosion bad <hr id=""answer"">removes topsoil reducing fertility and incrreasing land degradation</hr>"
name two ways to prevent soil erosion"name two ways to prevent soil erosion <hr id=""answer"">counter plowing, terracing, cover crops and windbreaks</hr>"
what was the dust bowl, and why did it happen"what was the dust bowl, and why did it happen <hr id=""answer"">1930's usa caused by oiverfarming + drought, led to severe soil loss</hr>"
what is salinization"what is salinization <hr id=""answer"">buildup of salt in soil making it infertile</hr>"
how does waterlogging harm plants"how does waterlogging harm plants <hr id=""answer"">too much water = no oxygen for roots, plants sufficate</hr>"
what a solution for preventing water related soil issues"what a solution for preventing water related soil issues <hr id=""answer"">drip irrigation, improved drainage, salt resistant crops</hr>"
What were the main causes of the dust bowl"What were the main causes of the dust bowl <hr id=""answer"">drought, deep ploughing, loss of deep rooted grass and poor soil structure</hr>"
how long did the drought last in parts of saskatchewan"how long did the drought last in parts of saskatchewan <hr id=""answer"">5 years, up to 8 in some</hr>"
hwo did the dust bowl affect the economyu"hwo did the dust bowl affect the economyu <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>60% drop in crop prices</li><li>25% unemployment in the USA</li><li>37% unemployment in Canada</li></ol></hr>"
what major event coincided with the dust bowl"what major event coincided with the dust bowl <hr id=""answer"">the great depression</hr>"
what was the homestead act of 1862"what was the homestead act of 1862 <hr id=""answer"">settlers got 160 acres but had to farm 40 acres in 3 years</hr>"
why did early settlers struggle with farmin"why did early settlers struggle with farmin <hr id=""answer"">land was unfit for european style farming</hr>"
what caused further expansion of agriculture in the early 1900s"what caused further expansion of agriculture in the early 1900s <hr id=""answer"">the enlarged homestead act + wet climate period</hr>"
when did the worst dust storms occur"when did the worst dust storms occur <hr id=""answer"">april14 1934 storms from texas to canada</hr>"
how many people were displaced by the dust bowl"how many people were displaced by the dust bowl <hr id=""answer"">1.5million - largest migration in us history</hr>"
how did the US respond to the dust bowl"how did the US respond to the dust bowl <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>FDR siol conservation programs in 1933</li><li>drought relief service - 1935</li><li>massive tree planting</li></ul></hr>"
what is pallisers triangle"what is pallisers triangle <hr id=""answer"">a semi arid region with productive but fragile soil</hr>"
how did WW1 affect prarie farming"how did WW1 affect prarie farming <hr id=""answer"">more land ploughed to meet food demand, replacing ranges</hr>"
by what year were most prarie farms abandoned"by what year were most prarie farms abandoned <hr id=""answer"">1936</hr>"
which country is a global leader in lentil exports"which country is a global leader in lentil exports <hr id=""answer"">canada - 49% of worlds lentil exports</hr>"
what percentage of canadas chickpeas are produced in saskatchewan"what percentage of canadas chickpeas are produced in saskatchewan <hr id=""answer"">99%</hr>"
what percentage of the worlds canola oil comes from saskatchewan"what percentage of the worlds canola oil comes from saskatchewan <hr id=""answer"">20%</hr>"
what are some negative effects of agriculture on sol"what are some negative effects of agriculture on sol <hr id=""answer"">reduces biodiversity, removes nutrients, depletes organic matter</hr>"
how can we restore soil health"how can we restore soil health <hr id=""answer"">no tillage, organic matter management, biodiversioty tracking</hr>"
what techonlogies help moinitor soil recovery"what techonlogies help moinitor soil recovery <hr id=""answer"">spectroscopy, remote sensing, genomic tools</hr>"
why is water essential for society"why is water essential for society <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>clean drinking water</li><li>food</li><li>energyu production</li><li>industry</li><li>envrionment</li></ol></hr>"
how much of thje worlds water is used for irrigation"how much of thje worlds water is used for irrigation <hr id=""answer"">70-80%</hr>"
what are some examples of threats of water insecuirty"what are some examples of threats of water insecuirty <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>aral sea</li><li>pakistan floods</li><li>aresnic in bangladesh</li><li>california drought</li><li>new york floods</li><li>lake winnipeg algae 2007</li></ol></hr>"
why is there increased demand of water in the future"why is there increased demand of water in the future <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>population gowth</li><li>economic development</li><li>agriculture</li><li>energy need</li></ol></hr>"
how will environmental change impact the future of water"how will environmental change impact the future of water <hr id=""answer"">land use and land management may change and climate change</hr>"
how many people lack access to clean drinking water"how many people lack access to clean drinking water <hr id=""answer"">900 million lack access and 1.4-2.1billion live in water stressed areas</hr>"
why is there unsustainable use of water"why is there unsustainable use of water <hr id=""answer"">declining groundwater levels, dry rivers</hr>"
how is there increasing competition for water resources"how is there increasing competition for water resources <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>local refional and international scales of competition</li><li>riverts cross countries making them a shared resource</li></ol></hr>"
why is there a degradation of water quality"why is there a degradation of water quality <hr id=""answer"">from over-abstraction and pollution</hr>"
what is over-abstraction of water"what is over-abstraction of water <hr id=""answer"">too much water is taken from natural sources</hr>"
what are examples of the big thaw in canada"what are examples of the big thaw in canada <hr id=""answer"">cold regiuons losing cold causing permafrost thaw, unprecedented summer flooding, glacier retreat, extreme wild fires, yukons slims river changes flow direction</hr>"
why is nutrient pollution a major concern"why is nutrient pollution a major concern <hr id=""answer"">it's the biggest water quality issue, wioth agriculture as a leading contributor</hr>"
what perccentage of the south sask rivers flow originates in saskatchewan"what perccentage of the south sask rivers flow originates in saskatchewan <hr id=""answer"">less than 1%</hr>"
how does climate change affect glacier fed rivers"how does climate change affect glacier fed rivers <hr id=""answer"">glaciers are shrinking, reducing water supply to rivers</hr>"
why is glacier volume loss worse than area loss"why is glacier volume loss worse than area loss <hr id=""answer"">because glaciers are also thinning, meaning less water storage</hr>"
what are some consequences of climate change in the praries"what are some consequences of climate change in the praries <hr id=""answer"">less snowfall, mroe rain, increased droughts and floods</hr>"
what was the costliest natural disaster in canadian history"what was the costliest natural disaster in canadian history <hr id=""answer"">the prairie drought of 1999-2004 --&gt; 5.6B gdp loss</hr>"
what happened in the calgary floods of 2013"what happened in the calgary floods of 2013 <hr id=""answer"">100k people evacuated, 4 deaths, 6 billion in damages</hr>"
what are the three main sources of nutrient pollution in agriculture"what are the three main sources of nutrient pollution in agriculture <hr id=""answer"">sewage effluents,fertilizers, manure</hr>"
why are algal blooms a growing problem"why are algal blooms a growing problem <hr id=""answer"">excess nutrients in water promote their growth, harming ecosystems</hr>"
what is a potential benefit of climate change for canadian agriculture"what is a potential benefit of climate change for canadian agriculture <hr id=""answer"">warmer temps could extend growing esasons</hr>"
by how much is global food demand expected to increase by 2050"by how much is global food demand expected to increase by 2050 <hr id=""answer"">double</hr>"
why is agriculture facing competition for water use"why is agriculture facing competition for water use <hr id=""answer"">irrigation demands are rising while water supply is decreasing</hr>"
how does big data help with water management"how does big data help with water management <hr id=""answer"">through cloud computing, data sensins and collaboration</hr>"
what are two ways scientists track water resources"what are two ways scientists track water resources <hr id=""answer"">satellites and ground based sensors</hr>"
what is the role of cloud computing in water management"what is the role of cloud computing in water management <hr id=""answer"">it helps analyze water data for better decision- making</hr>"
why is water governance complex in canada"why is water governance complex in canada <hr id=""answer"">because different regions have crying poolicies and water challenges</hr>"
what percentage of ethiopias population relies on agriculture"what percentage of ethiopias population relies on agriculture <hr id=""answer"">70%</hr>"
why is subsistence farming risky for food security"why is subsistence farming risky for food security <hr id=""answer"">families produce just enough for themselves, lkeaving lilttle buffer against drought or crop failure</hr>"
<strong>What is a major cause of Ethiopia’s food security crisis?</strong>"<strong>What is a major cause of Ethiopia’s food security crisis?</strong> <hr id=""answer""><div><strong>Overpopulation &amp; declining land availability per person</strong></div></hr>"
how much of ethiopias GDP comes from agriculture"how much of ethiopias GDP comes from agriculture <hr id=""answer"">42% but declining</hr>"
what % of ethiopian children suffer from stunted growth"what % of ethiopian children suffer from stunted growth <hr id=""answer"">37%</hr>"
what is ethiopias gross national income per capita"what is ethiopias gross national income per capita <hr id=""answer"">$1020</hr>"
why is livestock rarely consumed for food"why is livestock rarely consumed for food <hr id=""answer"">it is sold for necessities instead of being eaten</hr>"
what is the primary diet of most young ethiopian children"what is the primary diet of most young ethiopian children <hr id=""answer"">grain-based diet with low protein and micronutrients</hr>"
how much has ethiopias land per person shrunk in 50 years"how much has ethiopias land per person shrunk in 50 years <hr id=""answer"">from 8ha per person to 1/4ha per person</hr>"
what is a key cause of ethiopias malnutrition problem"what is a key cause of ethiopias malnutrition problem <hr id=""answer"">low nutrient diets, micronutrients defeciencies&nbsp; (zinc iron)</hr>"
why do many ethiopian families practice subsistence agriculture"why do many ethiopian families practice subsistence agriculture <hr id=""answer"">they grow food mainly for their families, selling only small surplusses</hr>"
what is the expected ethiopian population by 2040"what is the expected ethiopian population by 2040 <hr id=""answer"">240m</hr>"
what is one way to improve ethiopias food security"what is one way to improve ethiopias food security <hr id=""answer"">introduce better local crop varieties</hr>"
why are legumes important for food secrutiy"why are legumes important for food secrutiy <hr id=""answer"">they are a cheap source of protein and improve soil health</hr>"
what are teh benefits of chickpeas"what are teh benefits of chickpeas <hr id=""answer"">high in fiber, iron proetin, zinc, folate and manganese</hr>"
how do legumes help soil health"how do legumes help soil health <hr id=""answer"">they fix nitrogen, reducing the need for fertilizers</hr>"
what region in ethiopia has the hhigher zinc and iron deficiency"what region in ethiopia has the hhigher zinc and iron deficiency <hr id=""answer"">SNNPR ( Southern Nations, nationalities and peoples region)</hr>"
how does intercropping with legumes help soil fertility"how does intercropping with legumes help soil fertility <hr id=""answer"">legumes fix nitrogen, improving soil health</hr>"
why is aquaculture promoted in food insecure regions"why is aquaculture promoted in food insecure regions <hr id=""answer"">it provides protein and essential nutrients while supporting irrigation</hr>"
what percentage of agricultural labor is done by women"what percentage of agricultural labor is done by women <hr id=""answer"">over 70%</hr>"
why do rural women face challenges in agriculture"why do rural women face challenges in agriculture <hr id=""answer"">they produce&nbsp; most of the food but own only 1% of land and have limited access to credit</hr>"
what are some barriers preventing girls from accessing education"what are some barriers preventing girls from accessing education <hr id=""answer"">early marriage, household responsibilities and lack of financial support</hr>"
what are major causes of high maternal mortality in ethiopia"what are major causes of high maternal mortality in ethiopia <hr id=""answer"">poor nutritioon, frequent pregnancies, and lack of healthcare access</hr>"
how does gender based violence impact womens health"how does gender based violence impact womens health <hr id=""answer"">it increases risks of HIV and AIrd, physical injuries and mental trauma</hr>"
why is technological change often resisted in agriculture"why is technological change often resisted in agriculture <hr id=""answer"">farmers fear unfamiliar crops and new technologies due to cultural beliefes</hr>"
wht did calestous juma emphasize in agricultural development"wht did calestous juma emphasize in agricultural development <hr id=""answer"">innovation must be introduced gradually, with community involvement</hr>"
high food cost+ low income =?"high food cost+ low income =? <hr id=""answer"">food insecurity</hr>"
why is food insecurity high in remote communities"why is food insecurity high in remote communities <hr id=""answer"">high food costs, low median income, limited access to fresh food</hr>"
what is full-cost accounting in food security"what is full-cost accounting in food security <hr id=""answer"">considering all costs to0 assess the true impact</hr>"
why do heating costs impact food security"why do heating costs impact food security <hr id=""answer"">higher energy costs increase food production and storage expenses</hr>"
how does a greenhouse improve food security"how does a greenhouse improve food security <hr id=""answer"">provides year round fresh food, job oppurtunites and supports local economies</hr>"
why is local organic food a better investment than fast food"why is local organic food a better investment than fast food <hr id=""answer"">fast food is cheaper short term but leads to higher long term health costs</hr>"
why do food systems play a role in reducing povery"why do food systems play a role in reducing povery <hr id=""answer"">they provide job oppurtunities, training and economic stability</hr>"
what is the annual cost of poverty in saskatchewan"what is the annual cost of poverty in saskatchewan <hr id=""answer"">3.8 billion</hr>"
how does food insecurity impact healthcare costs"how does food insecurity impact healthcare costs <hr id=""answer"">leads to expensive treatments for diabetes, heart disease and malnutrition related issues</hr>"
how does food insecrutiy impact education"how does food insecrutiy impact education <hr id=""answer"">poor nutrition leads to reduced focus and academic performance</hr>"
why is local food more expensive short term but cheaper long term"why is local food more expensive short term but cheaper long term <hr id=""answer"">prevents healthcare costs, improves self sufficiency</hr>"
why are local food systems a solution to poverty"why are local food systems a solution to poverty <hr id=""answer"">they create jobs, improve nutrition and reduce long term healthcare costs</hr>"
how much does diabetes cost the healthcare system in 2010 and predicted 2020"how much does diabetes cost the healthcare system in 2010 and predicted 2020 <hr id=""answer"">11.7B in 2010 and predicted 31B in 2020</hr>"
list some reasons how a greenhouse contributes to building healthy communities"list some reasons how a greenhouse contributes to building healthy communities <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>improved health outcomes</li><li>community pride and engagement</li><li>oppurtunities for research and development</li><li>addressing isseus of nature deprivation</li></ol></hr>"
what is my diet on local food without imports"what is my diet on local food without imports <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>chickpeas</li><li>lentils</li><li>durum</li><li>flaxseed</li><li>mustard</li><li>dry peas</li><li>canola</li></ul></hr>"
what are the main benefits of global agriculture trade"what are the main benefits of global agriculture trade <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>lower costs</li><li>stable supply</li><li>trade diversification</li></ul></hr>"
what are the disadvantages of local food systems"what are the disadvantages of local food systems <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>higher costs</li><li>limited variety</li><li>seasonal restriction</li></ul></hr>"
how do food supply chains ensure stability"how do food supply chains ensure stability <hr id=""answer"">efficient trade and infrastructure prevent shortages</hr>"
why is full self sufficiency not always effective"why is full self sufficiency not always effective <hr id=""answer"">local only food systems can fail during crisis</hr>"
what are the economic benefits of investing in food security"what are the economic benefits of investing in food security <hr id=""answer"">lower healthcare costs, job creation, long term savings</hr>"
what role does food soverignty play in a countries economy"what role does food soverignty play in a countries economy <hr id=""answer"">reduces import dependence but limits trade benefits</hr>"
what was the impact of WW2 on britains food supply"what was the impact of WW2 on britains food supply <hr id=""answer"">forced home gardens, but disrupted the workforce</hr>"
why is global trade still necessary despite local food initiatives"why is global trade still necessary despite local food initiatives <hr id=""answer"">ensures variety, price stability and supply security</hr>"
what is food sovereignty"what is food sovereignty <hr id=""answer"">the right of nations to control their own food production and distribution</hr>"
how did cuba respond to food shortages during the cold war"how did cuba respond to food shortages during the cold war <hr id=""answer"">developed urban farming techniques like organoponicos</hr>"
what are the loing term benefits of investing in food security"what are the loing term benefits of investing in food security <hr id=""answer"">healthier populationm, lower healthcare costs, economic growth</hr>"
how does food security impact poverty rates"how does food security impact poverty rates <hr id=""answer"">stable food access reduces long term social costs</hr>"
what are the key principle sof organic farming"what are the key principle sof organic farming <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>sustainabiliuty</li><li>crop rotation</li><li>composting</li><li>avoiding synthetic chemicals</li></ul></hr>"
what is the role of IFOAM in organic farming"what is the role of IFOAM in organic farming <hr id=""answer"">regulates global organic standards and certifications</hr>"
why do organic farms have higher pathogen risks"why do organic farms have higher pathogen risks <hr id=""answer"">limited use of synthetic pesticides and disease control methods</hr>"
how do pathogens spread in organic farming"how do pathogens spread in organic farming <hr id=""answer"">wind dispersal, water contamination, and farm to farm transmission</hr>"
why is organic farming growing globally"why is organic farming growing globally <hr id=""answer"">higher consumer demans, environmental benefits and healthier food</hr>"
what are the main economic barriers to organic farming"what are the main economic barriers to organic farming <hr id=""answer"">higher costs, expensive certification and lower short term yields</hr>"
why is organic food more expensive"why is organic food more expensive <hr id=""answer"">more labor intensivem no GMOs and natural fertilizers take longer to work</hr>"
what are the biggest benefits of conventional farming"what are the biggest benefits of conventional farming <hr id=""answer"">higher short term yields, more efficient large scale production</hr>"
how does organic farming impact biodiversity"how does organic farming impact biodiversity <hr id=""answer"">supports healthier soil, pollinators and natural ecosystems</hr>"
why do organic farms use crop rotations"why do organic farms use crop rotations <hr id=""answer"">to improve soil health and reduce pests naturally</hr>"
why are young farmers leaving the industry"why are young farmers leaving the industry <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>high debt</li><li>low profit</li><li>market instability</li></ol></hr>"
whawt is the main driver of farm consolidation"whawt is the main driver of farm consolidation <hr id=""answer"">lower prices per bushel force farms to scale up</hr>"
why have grain prices dropped over time"why have grain prices dropped over time <hr id=""answer"">increased efficiency, global trade and price pressure from agribusinesses</hr>"
what is the biggest reason small farms struggle"what is the biggest reason small farms struggle <hr id=""answer"">lower crop prices force them to either scale up or exit the industry</hr>"
what does the engel curve show"what does the engel curve show <hr id=""answer"">as income rises, food spending increases but at a decreasing rate</hr>"
how does globalization affect farm incomes"how does globalization affect farm incomes <hr id=""answer"">farmers in high cost countries strugggle to compete with low cost imports</hr>"
why is agricultural research important"why is agricultural research important <hr id=""answer"">it imporves productivity, increases sustainability and boosts profitability</hr>"
what is the engel curve"what is the engel curve <hr id=""answer"">a graph showing how food spending changes with income</hr>"
why do smaller farms disappear"why do smaller farms disappear <hr id=""answer"">they cant compete with low crop prices and high operating costs</hr>"
what is full cost accounting in agriculture"what is full cost accounting in agriculture <hr id=""answer"">a method to assess the long term economic social and environmental impacts of farming</hr>"
how does free trade impact food prices"how does free trade impact food prices <hr id=""answer"">it lowers consumer costs but reduces farmer income</hr>"
why is public funding for agricultural research under pressure"why is public funding for agricultural research under pressure <hr id=""answer"">governments face budget contraints and rely more on private investment</hr>"
what industires receive the most private investment in agriculutral research and development"what industires receive the most private investment in agriculutral research and development <hr id=""answer"">food processing and biotech attract the most because of profitability</hr>"
what are the primary goals of public vs private agriculutral research"what are the primary goals of public vs private agriculutral research <hr id=""answer"">public focuses on sustainability and security while private focuses on profitability</hr>"
how do research expenditures in canada compare between crops, livestock and resource conservation"how do research expenditures in canada compare between crops, livestock and resource conservation <hr id=""answer"">crop gets the most while livestock gets the least</hr>"
what factors influence how research funding is allocated"what factors influence how research funding is allocated <hr id=""answer"">market demand, governmetn policy and private sector interests</hr>"
what are some alternatives to strong intellectual property rights in agriculutral research"what are some alternatives to strong intellectual property rights in agriculutral research <hr id=""answer"">government grants, levy systems and open source breeding programs</hr>"
how do patents encourage private research but limit accessibiliyt"how do patents encourage private research but limit accessibiliyt <hr id=""answer"">they provide finacnial incentives for innovation but restrict knowledge sharing</hr>"
why are research levies used in some agriculutral systems"why are research levies used in some agriculutral systems <hr id=""answer"">they create a funding pool for industry wide innovation without relying on patents</hr>"
how do patents in agriculutre compare to patents in other industries"how do patents in agriculutre compare to patents in other industries <hr id=""answer"">agriculutre patents imapct food security while other patents mostly affect commerical goods</hr>"
how do public goods in agriculture differ from private goods"how do public goods in agriculture differ from private goods <hr id=""answer"">public goods benefit everyone while private goods are sold for profit</hr>"
what are some consequences of underfunding public agricultural research"what are some consequences of underfunding public agricultural research <hr id=""answer"">less innovation in sustainability, climate resilliance and biodiversity</hr>"
why does governmetn funding for agricultural research fluctuate"why does governmetn funding for agricultural research fluctuate <hr id=""answer"">depoends on political priorities, economic conditions and public awareness</hr>"
what role do international trade agreements play in agricultural research"what role do international trade agreements play in agricultural research <hr id=""answer"">they influence investment priorities and technology sharing between countries</hr>"
how do rising seed costs affect small farmers"how do rising seed costs affect small farmers <hr id=""answer"">reduces profit margins and increases dependency on large seed companies</hr>"
why do hybrid crops dominate over publicly bred crops"why do hybrid crops dominate over publicly bred crops <hr id=""answer"">higher yeilds but their seeds must be purchased yearly, benfiting companies</hr>"
what are the main benefits and drawbacks of genetically modified crops"what are the main benefits and drawbacks of genetically modified crops <hr id=""answer"">higher yields and pest resistance vs increased costs and market dependency</hr>"
how does intellectual property rights affect biodiversity in agriculutre"how does intellectual property rights affect biodiversity in agriculutre <hr id=""answer"">patents encourage monocultures reducing genetic diversity</hr>"
how does IPR affect competition in agricultural markets"how does IPR affect competition in agricultural markets <hr id=""answer"">it can reduce competition by allowing large firms to dominate seed markets</hr>"
what is one way to fund ag research wiuthout patents"what is one way to fund ag research wiuthout patents <hr id=""answer"">levy systems where a small fee is collected from industry participants</hr>"
What is the biggest challenge in balancing IPR and agricultural accessibility?"What is the biggest challenge in balancing IPR and agricultural accessibility? <hr id=""answer"">encouraging innovation while keeping research affordable for farmers</hr>"
what is the&nbsp; key factor driving consolodiation in the seed industry"what is the&nbsp; key factor driving consolodiation in the seed industry <hr id=""answer"">IPR protections and high R&amp;D costs favor large corporations</hr>"
why are seed costs higher in canada than the US"why are seed costs higher in canada than the US <hr id=""answer"">higher private research spending and market concentration</hr>"
what was the biigest issue with knowledge sharing in canola breeding"what was the biigest issue with knowledge sharing in canola breeding <hr id=""answer"">companies refused to share intellectual property delaying technological improvements</hr>"
how did cross licensing agreements change agricultural innovation"how did cross licensing agreements change agricultural innovation <hr id=""answer"">allowed firms to share traits improving effciency but increasing corporate power</hr>"
what is the purpose of research check offs"what is the purpose of research check offs <hr id=""answer"">to provide stable farmer funded investment in ag research</hr>"
why is public ag research stagnating"why is public ag research stagnating <hr id=""answer"">mroe reliance on private investment and difficulty patenting some discoveries</hr>"
why do farmers oppose check off programs"why do farmers oppose check off programs <hr id=""answer"">they contribute funds but dont always see direct benefits</hr>"
what is an anti common issue in ag research"what is an anti common issue in ag research <hr id=""answer"">multiple IP holders restrict innovation by refusing to share resources</hr>"
why do farmers pay more for patented seeds than public bred seeds"why do farmers pay more for patented seeds than public bred seeds <hr id=""answer"">private companies charge higher prices to recover research costs</hr>"
what is a research check off"what is a research check off <hr id=""answer"">a levy paid by farmers to fund ag research and innovation</hr>"
what caused knowledge fragmentation in canola research"what caused knowledge fragmentation in canola research <hr id=""answer"">rival firms refused to share their IP</hr>"
what is a benefit of levy based research funding"what is a benefit of levy based research funding <hr id=""answer"">farmers collectively fund research without relying on corporate monopolies</hr>"
what is a majro challenge of ipr in ag"what is a majro challenge of ipr in ag <hr id=""answer"">creates barriers to knowledge sharing and raises input costs for farmers</hr>"
"How would you distinguish between the global hunger index, the global food security index, and
the food security risk index?""How would you distinguish between the global hunger index, the global food security index, and
the food security risk index? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>GHI - Global hunger Index - focuses on hunger levels</li><li>GFSI - global food security index - focuses on good security (affordability and quality)</li><li>FSRI - Food security Risk Index - Focuses on risks to food security</li></ol></hr>"
<h3><strong>What was Malthus warning us about?</strong></h3>"<h3><strong>What was Malthus warning us about?</strong></h3> <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>Population grown exponentially but food production grows linearly</li><li>if population outgrows food supply - famine war disease will correct the balance</li><li>he underestimated ag advancements and tech improvements</li></ol></hr>"
"We produce more than enough food for everyone today to be well-fed. But what is the problem we
must solve in the coming decades, say by 2050?<br>what is problem? what are issues we need to solve? what are solutions?""We produce more than enough food for everyone today to be well-fed. But what is the problem we
must solve in the coming decades, say by 2050?<br>what is problem? what are issues we need to solve? what are solutions? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>we produce enough food but the problem is distribution, waste and sustainability</li><li>issues we need to solve include climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, food waste, urbanization</li><li>solutions are: sustainable agriculture, reducing waste, advancements in tech and innovation</li></ol></hr>"
What are the salient points of the Canada food security situation? - whos affected?why? what was canada response?"What are the salient points of the Canada food security situation? - whos affected?why? what was canada response? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>12.7% households have insecuirty</li><li>most affected are - indegenous communities, low income houses, northern provinces</li><li>causes are : high cost. poor infrastructure, economic inequality</li><li>canadas response was food banks, school meal programs</li></ol></hr>"
Can you identify the 6 stages of a famine in the Irish famine chronology?"Can you identify the 6 stages of a famine in the Irish famine chronology? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>crop failure</li><li>rising food prices</li><li>food shortage</li><li>starvation begins</li><li>famine peaks</li><li>recovery</li></ol></hr>"
"In the food supply chain, between the farmer-producer and the retail consumer, list 3 factors each
affecting price: <br>a) from the producer to retail consumer, and <br>b) from the retail consumer to the
producer.""In the food supply chain, between the farmer-producer and the retail consumer, list 3 factors each
affecting price: <br>a) from the producer to retail consumer, and <br>b) from the retail consumer to the
producer. <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>From producer to consumer</li></ul><ol><li>input costs</li><li>supply chain efficiency</li><li>market demand</li></ol><ul><li>From consumer to producer</li></ul><ol><li>consumer preferences</li><li>trade policies and tariffs</li><li>global market trends</li></ol></hr>"
<h3>What is meant by traceability in the food supply chain? What is it for?<br></h3>"<h3>What is meant by traceability in the food supply chain? What is it for?<br></h3> <hr id=""answer"">The ability to track food from farm to fork to ensure safety and reduce recall times for health reasons</hr>"
How would you describe where most food is wasted? (at least 4 facts)"How would you describe where most food is wasted? (at least 4 facts) <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>households in developed countries waste the most</li><li>transport and storage losses in developing countries</li><li>retail waste - no ugly produce</li><li>restaurants and buffets - excess portions and unsold food is wasted</li></ol></hr>"
<h3>What is meant by infrastructure deficiencies when it comes to storage and transport?<br></h3>"<h3>What is meant by infrastructure deficiencies when it comes to storage and transport?<br></h3> <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>Developing countries</li></ol><ul><li>poor roads</li><li>no refrigeration</li><li>lack of warehouses</li></ul><ol><li>In developed countries</li></ol><div><ul><li>energy intensice cold storage needed for long distance transport</li><li>high costs of maintaining storage facilities</li></ul></div></hr>"
What were the innovations in food storage and supply chain from Napoleon’s march to Moscow?"What were the innovations in food storage and supply chain from Napoleon’s march to Moscow? <hr id=""answer""><ul><li>canning food</li><li>better rations</li><li>supply logistics</li></ul></hr>"
What is driving land leasing agreements for agricultural land between countries?"What is driving land leasing agreements for agricultural land between countries? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>scarcity of farmland in home countries</li><li>water shortages</li><li>food security</li></ol></hr>"
How are refugees escaping wars taken care of by the World Food Program?"How are refugees escaping wars taken care of by the World Food Program? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>provides emergency food aid</li><li>runs cash for food programs</li><li>uses technology - food cards, logistics, efficiency</li></ol></hr>"
What are the benefits of regular ploughing promoted by J Tull?"What are the benefits of regular ploughing promoted by J Tull? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>improved soil aeration - better oxygen for roots</li><li>better seed placement</li><li>reduced weed competition</li></ol></hr>"
What were causes of the desertification in the Prairies almost a century ago? (dust bowl, 1930s)"What were causes of the desertification in the Prairies almost a century ago? (dust bowl, 1930s) <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>over ploughing - exposed soil to wind erosion</li><li>drought - no rain&nbsp;</li><li>high winds - blowing away topsoil ruining farmland</li></ol></hr>"
Why is no-tillage important to Saskatchewan agriculture?"Why is no-tillage important to Saskatchewan agriculture? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>prevents soil erosion</li><li>retains moisture</li><li>reduces fuel and labor costs</li><li>maintins soil biodiversity</li></ol></hr>"
"Try to summarize the multi-faceted approach to developing food security in Ethiopia in about 150
words. (Try to find the right keywords to use in this short space).""Try to summarize the multi-faceted approach to developing food security in Ethiopia in about 150
words. (Try to find the right keywords to use in this short space). <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>irrigation projects for drought resistance</li><li>diversified crops to reduce reliance on one food source</li><li>international aid and government policies to stabilize food supply</li></ol></hr>"
From our various examples, what are local hurdles to adopting progress in agriculture?"From our various examples, what are local hurdles to adopting progress in agriculture? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>resistance to change from traditional farming methods</li><li>lack of investment in rural areas</li><li>weak policies and regulations</li></ol></hr>"
"How does a greenhouse provide a constellation of opportunities (and indirect benefits) to a small
community?""How does a greenhouse provide a constellation of opportunities (and indirect benefits) to a small
community? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>year round food production</li><li>jobs and economic growth</li><li>sense of community</li><li>improved nutrition</li></ol></hr>"
"What is the difference between food sovereignty and food security? Why is food sovereignty hard
to achieve? (There are several reasons, try to list four or more).""What is the difference between food sovereignty and food security? Why is food sovereignty hard
to achieve? (There are several reasons, try to list four or more). <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>food security is having enough food</li><li>food sovereignty is controlling your own food supply</li><li>challenges are:</li></ol><ul><li>&nbsp;trade restrictions&nbsp;</li><li>land access</li><li>government policies</li><li>overuse of water for ag depletes natural resources</li></ul></hr>"
"If return on investment in agriculture research is profitable, what are the reasons for private
investments to shy away from it?""If return on investment in agriculture research is profitable, what are the reasons for private
investments to shy away from it? <hr id=""answer""><ol><li>high costs - long time for returns</li><li>unpredictable markets</li><li>government policies and regulations</li></ol></hr>"