Candidate Declaration
We, AbhishekSable(MUBBT202401),Abhishek Gayke (MUBBT202402),
declared that this synopsis of B.Sc. Hons (Biotechnology) entitled.
“EXTRACTION OF NATURAL DYES FROM FLOWERS AND USED IT AT
ARTPAINT” is our own idea to be conducted under the guidance of Research
project (Ms. Meena Chittapure )
Name of Student with Sign :
1.Abhishek Sable
2.Abhishek Gayke
CONTENTS
Chapter
No.
Title
Page Nos.
1.
Introduction
3
2.
Objectives
6
3.
Review of Literature
7
4.
Materials and methods
8
5.
Scope of the Project
6.
References
1
2
CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
India is a rich plant biodiversity which is ranked 11th as biggest biodiversity in the world.
It is a pproximately 490,000 plant species and there is no doubt that the plant kingdom is a
treasure-house of diverse natural products . One such product from nature is the dye.
Pigment from leaves, fruits, seed, wood and roots were used as dye stuff for textiles
and as paint in art and craft. Natural dyes are environmental friendly, hygienic, user
friendly and permanent than other colorant. The replacement of natural dyes could
happen until the introduction of synthetic dyes due to feasible coloring property of natural
dyes. Natural dyes/colorants derived from flora are believed to be safe because of its
nontoxic, non- carcinogenic and biodegradable in nature. Natural dyes are now a days in
demand not only in
textile industry but
in cosmetics, leather, food and
pharmaceuticals. The rich biodiversity of our country has provided us plenty of raw
materials, yet sustainable linkage must be developed between cultivation, collection and
their use.( ‘Mauve’ by W.H. Perkin 1856)
Recently, interest in the use of natural dyes has been growing rapidly due to the result of
stringent environmental standards imposed by many countries in response to toxic and
allergic reactions associated with synthetic dyes. Research has shown that synthetic dyes
are suspected to release harmful chemicals that are allergic, carcinogenic and
detrimental to human health. On the other hand, natural dyes are environmental friendly;
for example, turmeric, the brightest of naturally occurring yellow dyes is a powerful
antiseptic which revitalizes the skin, while indigo gives a cooling sensation. Though,
dyes have been discovered accidentally, their use has become so much a part of man’s
customs that it is difficult to imagine a modern world without dyes. The art of dyeing
spread widely as civilization advanced.
The application of natural dyes in textile industry are for various purposes, viz.
dyeing of yarns, which are then woven into cloth, carpet or any other usable form;
dyeing of cloths woven earlier; block printing, where the textile materials are
printed with the help of printing blocks. (Samanta & Agarwal, 2009)
Fig 1: The art of floral dyeing
CHAPTER- II
OBJECTIVES
 Collection of samples
 Extraction of pigment
 Characterization of Dyes
CHAPTER- III
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
The attempts is been made in this chapter to review the work done in past on
this aspect of present investigation by eminent scientists in India and abroad.
El-Nagar et al. [2005]; Iqbal et al.[2008]. Textile dyeing industry at present uses
excessive amount of synthetic dyes to meet the required coloration of global
consumption of textiles due to cheaper prices, wider ranges of bright shades, and
considerably improved fastness properties in comparison to natural dyes.
Kroes et al, [1990]. The application of natural dyes in textile industry are for
various purposes, viz. dyeing of yarns, which are then woven into cloth, carpet or
any other usable form; dyeing of cloths woven earlier; block printing, where the
textile materials are printed with the help of printing blocks; Kalamkari where the
“Kalam” or pen is used to draw beautiful designs on the cloth .
Kumaresan, Palanisamy & Kumar, [2011]. The plant possesses many medicinal
properties. Flowers are the most effective fermentation agent, used in Ayurvedic
medicines (Kroes et al, 1990). Many investigations revealed that the use of
combination of mordants in varying ratios gives different shades and different
colour fastness results .
Samanta & Agarwal, [2009]. The flowers, which contain much of tannin, are
Flame coloured and yield red/pink/brown/flame coloured shades of
dye
(depending upon the fabric used) in large amounts, therefore, utilized throughout
India for dying silk and fabrics on a commercial scale. Light fastness of many
natural dyes, particularly which are extracted from flower parts are found to be
poor to medium. India was a major exporter of herbal dyes but not so recently
because of the ban on production of some of the synthetic dyes and intermediates
in the developed countries due to pollution.
CHAPTER-IV
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The details of various material and methods were adopted during the
courseof present investigation are narrated in this chapter under suitable subheads.
Material:
Flower: A dark yellow variety of Transvaal daisy, Lavender were purchased
from flower market.
Substrates and Chemicals:
Substrates such as cotton fabrics, yarns of wool and cotton were used for dyeing
process.
Chemicals such as Potash Alum, Copper sulphate, Stannous chloride, Ferrous
sulphate, Potassium dichromate, Cream of tartar, Sodium carbonate, Ethanol,
Methanol, Formic acid and Sodium hydroxide.
Equipment:
Weighing balance, Water bath, Soxhlet apparatus, Hot air oven, Colorimeter, A
º spectrophotometer, etc.
Methodology:
Aqueous-Ethanol extraction method:
Finely crushed dry flowers (powdered form) were taken in three different 250
ml conical flasks containing 60%, 70% and 100% Ethanol respectively. The
flasks were incubated over a water bath for 4 hours at 68ºC. After the extraction
process is complete, the dye solutions were left overnight in a hot air oven to
obtain the dye extracts [11]
Soxhlet extraction method:
This method was carried out in order to avoid the filtration of the solvent and
residue and also to obtain better efficiency of separation. The organic solvents
such as Ethanol, Methanol and Hexane were used for this extraction method. In
this method, the weighed quantity of feed (F) or raw material and measured
volume of solvent (S) were taken in certain F/S ratio. The raw material (finely
crushed dry flower) was kept in thimble of
Soxhlet extractor and the solvent
was poured in the round bottom flask and a condenser with high flow rate of
water is fitted over it. The extraction was carried for 4-5 hours and the volume
of the solutions thus obtained was measured. For the evaporation of solvent, a
rotary evaporator was used and the remaining dye extract is weighed [11].
Gel Electrophoresis: Gel electrophoresis is a procedure used to separate
biological molecules by size. The separation of these molecules is achieved by
placing them in a gel with small pores and creating an electric field across the
gel. The molecules will move faster or slower based on their size and
electric charge.The process of gel electrophoresis works because negatively
charged molecules move away from the negative pole of the electric current and
smaller molecules will move faster than larger molecules. Thus, a size
separation is achieved within the pool of molecules running through the gel.
The gel works in a similar manner to a sieve separating particles by size.
The electrophoresis works to move the particles, using their inherent electric
charge, through the sieve.
CHAPTER-V
Significance of the project
CHAPTER-VI
REFERENCES
Burrows, Veronica A., (2004). "Experiments and other learning activities using
natural dye materials." Chemical Engineering Education. 38.2.
Sivakumar, Venkatasubramanian, J. Vijaeeswarri, and J. Lakshmi Anna. (2011).
"Effective natural dye extraction from different plant materials using ultrasound."
Industrial Crops and Products 33.1
Zhou, Huizhi, et al. (2011). "Dye-sensitized solar cells using 20 natural dyes as
sensitizers." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 219.2
Shahid, Mohammad, and Faqeer Mohammad. (2013). "Recent advancements in
natural dye applications: a review." Journal of Cleaner Production 53 .
[5] Samanta, Ashis Kumar, and Priti Agarwal. (2009). "Application of natural
dyes on textiles."
Signature of student
Research Project Guide
Abhishek Sable (MUBBT202401)
Abhishek Gayke (MUBBT202402)
Project I/C
Academic I/C