Unit 5
Acids, bases and salts
CHARACTERISTIC REACTION OF ACIDS
Pages 131-134
Ms. Rabiya Waheed
CLASSROOM RULES
STARTER
What is the only letter in the alphabet that
does not appear anywhere on the periodic
table?
Students will:
 Explain the reaction of acids with metals
and carbonates.
 Describe the reaction of acids with alkalis
and bases.
• acids
• salt
• carbonates
• hydrochloric acid
• nitric acid
• sulfuric acid
• ethanoic acid
• alkalis
• bases
Acids
An acid is any substance that in water solution tastes sour.
The pH will be less than 7.
The solution contains an excess of hydrogen (H+) ions.
What will be the color of
acid with litmus paper?
Reactions of acids
There are 3 major chemical reactions in which all acids
will take part:
 Acids will react with a reactive metal
 Acids will react with carbonates
 Acids will react with a base or alkali
In all of the above reactions salt is one of the product.
Salt- a compound made from an acid when a metal takes
place of the hydrogen in the acid.
Reaction of acids with metals
Metals that are quite reactive can be used to displace the
hydrogen from an acid safely.
metal + acid
salt + hydrogen
ItItisisunsafe
unsafeto
totry
trythis
thisreaction
reactionwith
withvery
veryreactive
reactivemetals
metals
such
suchas
assodium
sodiumor
orcalcium.
calcium.
The
Thereaction
reactionisistoo
tooviolent
violent
No reaction occurs with
metals, such as copper
which are less reactive
than Lead.
Reaction of acids with metals
metal + acid
salt + hydrogen
Even with lead, it is
difficult to see any
reaction in a short time.
Reaction of acids with metals
The salt made depends on the acid used.




Hydrochloric acid (HCl) always gives a chloride
Nitric acid (HNO3) always gives a nitrate
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) always gives a sulfate
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) always gives an
ethanoate
Reaction of acids with carbonates
All carbonates give off carbon dioxide when they react with
acids.
acid + metal carbonate
salt + water + carbon dioxide
We have seen this in case of antacid tablets that occurs
with effervescence due to carbon dioxide gas bubbles
Reaction of acids with carbonates
Carbon dioxide is prepared in the laboratory by
reaction of acid with carbonates.
Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to give
calcium chloride (salt), water and carbon dioxide gas
Workbook Pg 60
Students will:
 Explain the reaction of acids with metals
and carbonates.
 Describe the reaction of acids with alkalis
and bases.
Reaction of acids with bases and salts
A base will neutralize an acid, and as a result salt and
water is formed. This is called neutralization reaction.
Reaction of acids with bases and salts
The salt produced in neutralization reaction
depends upon the combination of reactants
used.
To make a particular salt, you choose a suitable
acid and base to give the solution of salt.
Reaction of acids with bases and salts
Reaction of acids with bases and salts
Base
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Sodium
Sodium
hydroxide chloride (NaCl)
(NaOH)
Sodium nitrate
(NaNO3)
Sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4)
Potassium Potassium
hydroxide chloride (KCl)
(KOH)
Potassium nitrate
(KNO3)
Potassium sulfate
(K2SO4)
Copper
oxide
(CuO)
Hydrochloric
acid (HCl)
Copper
Copper nitrate
chloride (CuCl2) Cu(NO3)2
Copper sulfate (CuSO4)
Q1. Name the reaction of acids we learnt today
Q2. What is neutralization reaction?
Q3. Write a word and symbol equation for any neutralization
reaction
Q4. Complete the following neutralization reactions
Students will:
 Explain the reaction of acids with metals
and carbonates.
 Describe the reaction of acids with alkalis
and bases.
Reaction of acids
with metals
Reaction of acids
with carbonates
Reaction of acids with
alkalis and bases