CHEM 121 Equation Sheet
All equations required for the examination are present in some form on this sheet. They may require
manipulation or combination with another equation in order to attain the desired result. Note that this equation
sheet is not meant to replace your knowledge of the principles developed in the course. Any course material that
was presented in lecture or in the textbook is examinable material unless it was explicitly stated otherwise.
DE = q + w
w = -P DV
Cv = (3/2)R
C p = Cv + R
æ Z2
Z2 ö
DE = -2.178 x 10 -18 Jçç 2 - 2 ÷÷
è nfinal n initial ø
E = mc2
DxDp³h/4p
PTotal = P1 + P2 + P3 =
V
=b
T
3RT
3RT
=
N Am
M
æ Du ö D(mu)
F = ma = m ç
÷ = Dt
è Dt ø
DH = nCp DT = qp
E photon = hn =
c1 =
ĤY = EY DE = nhn
hc
l Y(r q f) = R(r )Y(q, f)
n1
n Total PV = nRT
d=
V1 V2
=
T1 T2
m
V
2k B T
2RT
=
m
M
uavg =
l=
ln = c
h
mv
molar mass =
dRT
P
V1 V2
=
n1 n 2
2
P1
P
= c = 2 (Fx )wall = (2mu x ) æç ux ö÷ = 2mu x
T1
T2
L
èLø
mu 2
2( 1 2 mu 2 ) 2 é nN A ( 1 2 mu 2 ) ù
P = nN A
= nN A
= ê
ú
3V
3V
3 ëê
V
ûú
ump =
DE = nCvDT = qv
DHoreaction = å DHof (prod.) - å DHof (react.)
! 2k 2
! 2 (np/L)2 n 2 h 2
=
=
2m
2m
8mL2
k
1
3
KE avg = RT V = = k
P
P
2
æ1
ö
KEavg = N A ç mu 2 ÷
è2
ø
urms =
E=
nTotal RT
V
DH = DE + PDV = qp
H = E + PV
2
é
ænö ù
P
+
a
ê obs
ç V ÷ ú ( V - nb ) = nRT
è ø ûú
ëê
8k B T
8RT
=
pm
pM
3
actual yield (g )
Percent Yield (%) =
x 100%
theoretical yield (g )
ln([A]/[A0] = –kt
æ m ö 2 2 - mu2 2k T
f (u) = 4p ç
÷ ue
è 2pk B T ø
B
Group
Group
1
18
1
2
H
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
Group
He
1.008
3
2
13
14
15
16
17
4
5
6
7
8
9
4.0026
10
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
6.94
9.0122
10.81
12.011
14.007
15.999
18.998
20.18
11
12
Na
Mg
22.99
24.305
3
4
5
6
7
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
39.098
40.078
44.956
47.867
50.942
51.996
37
38
39
40
41
42
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
85.468
55
87.62
56
Group
88.906
57
Group
91.224
72
Group
92.906
73
Group
95.95
74
13
14
15
16
17
18
Group
Group
Group
Group
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
8
9
10
11
12
26.982
28.085
30.974
32.06
35.45
39.948
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
54.938
55.845
58.933
58.963
63.546
65.38
69.723
72.63
74.922
78.971
79.904
83.798
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe
Group
(98)
75
Group
101.07
76
102.91
77
106.42
78
107.87
79
112.41
80
114.82
81
118.71
82
121.76
83
127.6
84
126.9
85
131.29
86
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
132.91
87
137.33
88
138.91
89
17.49
104
180.95
105
183.84
106
186.21
107
190.23
108
192.22
109
195.08
110
196.97
111
200.59
112
204.38
113
207.2
114
208.98
115
(209)
116
(210)
117
(222)
118
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og
(285)
(285)
(285)
(267)
(268)
(269)
(270)
(277)
(278)
(281)
(282)
(285)
(286)
(289)
(290)
(293)
(294)
(294)
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.12
90
140.91
91
144.24
92
(145)
93
150.36
94
151.96
95
157.25
96
158.93
97
162.50
98
164.93
99
167.26
100
168.93
101
173.05
102
174.97
103
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr
232.04
231.04
238.03
(237)
(244)
(243)
(247)
(247)
(251)
(252)
(257)
(258)
(259)
(266)
Another useful conversion: 1 L•atm = 101. 35 J