Study guide
1.​ Outline the roles of the enzymes involved in DNA replication
2.​ Describe one application of PCR.
3.​ Explain how DNA fragments can be separated using gel
electrophoresis.
4.​ The following is the base sequence from a section of DNA:
ATGCGTAGCTAGATA. Outline the mRNA sequence for this DNA
sequence that would be produced in transcription.
5.​ Draw a diagram of the DNA molecule composed of four or more
nucleotides and demonstrate its structure and directionality.
6.​ Distinguish between DNA replication on the leading strand and the
lagging strand.
7.​ The image below represents the process of DNA replication.
(a) State the name of the enzyme labelled X.
8.​ DNA is the genetic material found in all living organisms.
(a) (i) Identify a component of RNA nucleotides which is not found in
DNA nucleotides.
9.​ Differentiate between DNA and RNA.
10.​ Explain the complementary pairing in a double-strand structure of
DNA.
11.​ Explain the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication
12.​ Describe transcription
13.​ Describe translation
14.​ Describe the roles of mRNA, ribosomes and tRNA in translation.
15.​ Draw two or more water molecules and hydrogen bonds between
them with a notation to indicate polarity.
16.​ Explain cohesion and adhesion.
17.​ What properties of water allow it to go up the xylem of plants.
18.​ Observe the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule:
ATGCCAAGGGTCCAC
Build a protein using the mRNA above.