CODES ➔ Code is a standard that has been adopted by one or more governmental bodies and can be enforce by the law. ➔ When standard is incorporated into business contract. ➔ RequirementsaremandatoryonlyifsaifCodeis law in your country. Why did Code Require? ➔ Minimum acceptable level. Safety and Quality ➔ Refer to the standard of specifications for additional requirements. ➔ If not, code will serve as generally accepted guidelines or design, fabrication, construction and installation. STANDARDS ➔ a set of technical definitions and guidelines ➔ How to "instructions" for designers and manufacturers. It gives all necessary requirements for the product, services and operations. ➔ A designer use the standard to design the product.Andmanufacturersusethestandardto manufacture the product. ➔ It is the common language for definingquality and establishing safety criteria for products. Why standard is reqd ➔ Standards are documents that establish engineering requirements and technical requirements. ➔ For product, practices, methods or operations. ➔ Build confidence about quality. ➔ Lower the cost of production. PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE EnergyRegulatoryCommissionadoptsPECPart1&2 ➭ and Occupational Safety and Health Standards by BWC-DOLE as an “Electrical Safety Standard” (Rule 1210-Electrical Safety) ISTO H The Danger of ElectricLighting:Firstcodeasareq’mt ➭ of rules published on Nov. 16 1881 First NEC wasdevelopedin1897aftertheinventionof ➭ the incandescent light bulb by Thomas A. Edison Regularly revised (every three years) to reflectthe ➭ evolution of the product, materials and installation techniques. 2 ➭ 1 committee consists 15-20 persons P ➭ EC 2009 Ed used in NEC 2005 Ed as referred Code T ➭ he first Edition of PEC was 1962 Edition. Minimum Electrical Safety Standard ➔ These guidelines aim to attain efficient energy utilization in buildings. It contains energy conservation guidelines for the design of buildingsandtheirservices.Theoverallobjective oftheguidelinesistosaveenergyinthebuilding sector. Scope PEC covers the electric conductors including optical ➭ fiber cable and installed within or on,toorfrom:public and private buildings, industrial plants, transformer stations, airfields and railway switchyard IntentionNOTintendedasadesignspecificationoran ➭ instruction manual for untrained people (untrained person-peepsnothavinganunderstandingofelectricity & electrical construction) Classification of Code Rules 1. wiring design rules 2. installation rules 3. manufacturing rules Propose of PEC )SafeUseofElectricity-toestablishbasicmaterials a quality and electrical work standard for the use of electricity for light, heat, power, etc. b) Adequacy - Strict compliance with the provisionsof this Code will ensure safety in electrical installation and construction, but not necessarily adequate for good service or future expansion of electrical use. Two Categories of PEC Rules: . Mandatory Rules - characterized by the use of the 1 word "SHALL" 2.AdvisoryRules-characterizedbytheuseoftheword "SHOULD" or are stated as recommendations of that which is advised but not required. heuseofPECmandatedbyRA7920(formerlyRA184) T aka New Electrical Engg Law. Likewise,referralcodes are used which are mandated by their corresponding laws 1 .P.D. 1096- National Building Code. 2.P.D. 1185- Fire Code of the Philippines 3. StructuralCodeR.A.7920-isanactprovidingfora more responsive and comprehensive regulation for the 5.)NFPA51StandardfortheDesignandInstallation f Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting, o and Allied Processes- This standard provides safety requirements for oxygen-fueledgascuttingandwelding systems to reduce the risk of fires and explosions. .) NFPA 51B Standard for Fire Prevention During 6 Welding,Cutting,andOtherHotWork-Thisstandard presents provisions to prevent injury, loss from fire or explosion as a result of hot work projects such as welding, heattreating,grinding,andsimilarapplications producing or using sparks, flames, or heat. .) NFPA 58 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code- The 7 industry benchmark for safe LP-Gas storage, handling, transportation, and use, NFPA 58 mitigates risks and ensures safe installations, to prevent failures,leaks,and tampering that could lead to fires and explosions. .) NFPA 59A Standard for the Production, Storage, 8 and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)- This standard provides minimum fire protection, safety, and related requirements for the location, design, construction, security, operation, and maintenance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants. .) NFPA61 StandardforthePreventionofFiresand 9 DustExplosionsinAgriculturalandFoodProcessing Facilities- protects lives and property from fires and dust explosions in facilities handling, processing, or storing bulk agricultural materials, their by-products, or other agricultural related dusts and materials 1 0. NFPA 68 Standard on Explosion Protection by Deflagration Venting- This standard applies to the design, location, installation, maintenance, and use of devicesandsystemsthatventthecombustiongasesand pressures resulting from a deflagration within an enclosure so that structural and mechanical damage is minimized. 1 1. NFPA 69 Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems- This standard provides requirements for installing systems for the prevention and control of explosions in enclosures that contain flammable concentrationsofflammablegases,vapors,mists,dusts, or hybrid mixtures. 1 2.) NFPA 70NationalElectricalCode-Enforcedinall 50states,NFPA70,NationalElectricalCode(NEC)isthe benchmark for safe electrical design, installation, and inspectiontoprotectpeopleandpropertyfromelectrical hazards. 1 3.) NFPA 77 Recommended Practice on Static Electricity- Thisrecommendedpracticeoffersguidance on identifying, evaluating, and controlling static electric hazards for purposes of preventing fires and explosions. 1 4.) NFPA 85 Boiler and Combustion Systems HazardsCode-NFPA85contributestooperatingsafety and prevents explosions and implosions in boilers with greater than 12.5, pulverized fuel systems, and heat recovery steam generators. 1 5.) NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces- minimizes fire and explosion hazards of ovens and furnaces used for commercial and industrial processing of materials. 1 6.) NFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control Systems- This standard protects lifeandreducespropertylossby establishingrequirementsforthedesign,installation,and testing of smoke control systems used to mitigate the impact of smoke from fire. 1 7.) NFPA400HazardousMaterialsCode-c onsolidates fundamental safeguards for the storage, use, and handling of hazardous materials in all occupancies and facilities. The Code does not apply to indiv use; 1 or 2 fam 1 8.)NFPA484StandardforCombustibleMetals-This standardappliestotheproduction,processing,finishing, handling, recycling, storage, and use of all metals and alloysthatareinaformthatiscapableofcombustionor explosion,aswellastooperationswheremetalormetal alloysaresubjectedtoprocessingorfinishingoperations that produce combustible powder or dust fundamental steps in the NFPA standards 4 development process are: ● Public Input ● Public Comment ● NFPA Technical Meeting (Tech Session) ● StandardsCouncilAction(AppealsandIssuance of Standard) Certification ertification programs can help verify C competence and set you apart from your peers. your 1 .) Certified Electrical Inspector(CEI)Certification.- Showcases your expertise in the inspection of electrical installations during construction, modification, and repair. otWorkHazards-Hotworkhasthepotentialtounite H all three parts of the fire triangle: oxygen, fuel, and an ignition source Smoke Alarms save lives. Smoke alarms that are properly installed and maintained play a vital role in reducing fire deaths and injuries. Home Fire Escape Planning- Your ability to get out of your home during a fire depends on advance warning from smoke alarms and advance planning. Smaller Devices and Electronics- These free assets provide valuable safety information on lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on smaller devices ays to Minimize Hot Work Hazards: W Use“Recognize, Evaluate, and ControlˮProcess 1 .) Recognize- Determine if fire risks exist before hot work is started. 2.)Evaluate-Determineifhazardsarepresent,especially hazards that could fuel a fire (flammable and combustible liquids or gases and simple combustibles). 3.) Control- Take appropriate steps to eliminate or minimize the hazards Better Understanding of NFPA 70E: Part I– A Comparing Four Decades of Electrical Injuries and Fatalities BetterUnderstandingofNFPA70E:PartIIBeVigilant When You Work in These Location A Better Understanding of NFPA 70E: Part III- The Electrical Components Causing Fatalities in the Workplace A Better Understanding of NFPA 70E: Part IV– Two Types of Exposure to Electricity Fatalities ● Direct exposure- includes contact directly from the powersourcetotheperson,suchastouchingalivewire or getting caught up in an arc-flash. ● Indirectexposure-typicallyoccurswhenanobjectis unintentionallyelectrified.Indirectexposuretoelectricity includes when a ladder being carried contacts a power line, when contact is made to an enclosure that is energized, or when electricity is transmitted through a wet surface A Better Understanding of NFPA 70E: Part V– Body Parts Most Often Affected by Electric Shock Injuries A Better Understanding of NFPA 70E: Part VI– Employees Most Likely to Become an Electrical Fatality Emergency Response 1.) Electric vehicle safety online training- Training That Helps Keep You Protected. Fundamental Online Learning in the LatestinElectricVehicleSafety.Therise in use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) puts fire and rescue personnel at increasing risk due to a lack of nderstanding of how to respond to incidents involving u these vehicles 2.) Eventthatinvolveviolence-NFPAhasworkedwith international, to local agencies, to develop information, tools, and strategies to help emergency responders be best prepared for — and to protect their communities from — issues of civil unrest, active shooting incidents, terror events, and other violent situations 3.) Hoarding- Hoarding is defined as collecting or keepinglargeamountsofvariousitemsinthehomedue to strong urges to save them or distress when discarded ➔ Hoarding canbeafirehazard.Manyoccupants die in fires in thesehomes.Often,blockedexits prevent escape from the home. In addition, manypeoplewhoarehoardingareinjuredwhen they trip over things or when materials fall on them JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARDS (JIS) comprehensivesystemofstandardsusedforindustrial ➭ activities in Japan. They are developedandmaintained bytheJapaneseIndustrialStandardsCommittee(JISC) and published by the Japanese Standards Association (JSA). IS mark (product documentation system J 2 ➭ 004: modified O ➭ ct 1 2005:new mask is applied on recertification Usage of old mark was authorized in 3 year transition, so Oct 1 2008: JIS-certified japanese product has new ➭ mark. IS covers commercial and mineral products J excepting: ➔ Medicines ➔ Agri chemicals ➔ Chem fertilizer ➔ Silk yarn ➔ Food stuffs, comestible, rural and forest products IS primarily focuses on products manufactured in J various industries, including metals, plastics, ceramics, textiles, and other materials. It also includes standards for minerals and mineral-based products. JIS does not cover medicines, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizers, silk yarn, or foodstuffs. These categories are typically regulated by other specialized agencies or laws in Japan. ● ● ● IS G3101: Rolled steels for general structure J (This standard specifies the requirements for rolled steel used in general structural applications). JISG3103:Carbonsteelandmolybdenumalloy steelplatesforboilersandpressurevessels(This standard defines the specifications for steel plates used in the construction of boilers and pressure vessels). JIS G 3106: Rolled steels for welded structure (This standard outlines the requirements for rolled steel used in welded structures). : Nonferrous Materials and Metallurgy Covers H standards for metals other than iron and steel, suchas copper, aluminum, and titanium. ● JIS H 2105: Pig lead (This standard specifies the requirements for pig lead, a form of lead used in various industrial applications). 7 ● JIS H 2107: Zinc ingots (Thisstandarddefines thespecificationsforzincingots,whichareused in various industries, including galvanizing and die casting). ● JIS H 2113: Cadmium metal (This standard outlines the requirements for cadmium metal, which is used in various applications, including batteries and plating) K: Chemical Engineering Encompasses standards for hemical products, processes, and safety. c ● JIS K 0061: Test methods for density and relativedensityofchemicalproductstoISO758 (This standard specifies the test methods for determining the density and relative density of chemical products) L:TextileEngineeringstandardsfortextiles,fibers,and t extile manufacturing processes. ● JISL1051:Textile-Determinationofthetensile strength of yarns Strip method (This standard defines the method for determining the tensile strength of yarns using a strip method) s izesforwritingpaperandprintedmatter,based on the ISO 216 standard). : Management Systems Encompasses standards for Q quality management, environmental management, and other management systems. ● JIS Q 9001: Quality management systems- Requirements (This standard outlines the requirementsforaqualitymanagementsystem, providing a framework for organizations to improve their overall performance) ● JIS Q 14001: Environmental management systems- Requirements with guidance for use (This standardspecifiestherequirementsforan environmental management system, helping organizations to reduce their environmental impact) : Ceramics Covers standards for ceramics, glass, and R related materials ● JIS R 1601: Ceramic tiles- Determination of water absorption (This standard specifies the methodfordeterminingthewaterabsorptionof ceramic tiles). : Domestic Wares standards for household goods, S furniture, and personal accessories ● JISS5037:SizingsystemforshoestoISO9407 (This standard defines the standard sizing system for shoes in Japan, based on the ISO 9407 standard). : Medical Equipment and Safety Appliances T standards for medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and safety equipment ● JIS T 0101: Medical equipment- General requirements for safety (This standard outlines the general requirements for safety in medical equipment). M: Mining Focuses on standardsforminingoperations, s afety, and mineral extraction ● JIS M 0101: Mining-Safetymanagement(This standard outlines the requirements for safety management in mining operations) : Aircraft andAviationCoversstandardsforaircraft, W aerospace components, and aviation safety. ● JIS W 0111: Flight dynamics- Concepts, quantities and symbols- Part 1: Aircraft motion relative to the air to ISO 1151-1 (This standard defines the concepts, quantities, and symbols used in the study of aircraft motion relative to the air) P: Pulp and Paper stds for pulp, paper, and aper-based products. p ● JIS P 0138: Writing paper and certain classes of printedmatterTrimmedsizes-AandBseries toISO216(Thisstandardspecifiesthestandard : Information Processing for computer hardware, X software, and data communication ● JIS X 0208: 7-bit and 8-bitdoublebytecoded kanji sets for information interchange (This standard defines the character encoding for (including autotransformers), but excluding some small nd special transformer a EC 60083 Plugs and Socket-outlets for Domestic I and Similar General use Standardized in Member CountriesofIEC-givesinfoaboutthesystemsofplugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes which are used in the IEC countries. EC 60086 Primary Batteries - ensures that batteries I from different manufacturers are interchangeable according to standard form, fit and function. EC 60086-1:2021 - to standardize primary batteries I with respect to dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance, safety and environmental aspects. EC60095Lead-acidStarterBatteries-applicableto I lead-acid batteries with anominalvoltageof12V,used primarily as a power source for the starting of internal combustionengines,lighting,andforauxiliaryequipment of internal combustion engine vehicles. These batteries are commonly called "starter batteries" Batteries are designated according to their type: a. Flooded batteries (vented) b. Enhanced flooded batteries c. Valve regulated lead-acid batteries IEC 60446 Basic and safety principles for an-machine interface and Identification m ● standardpublishedby(IEC)definedbasicsafety principlesforidentifyingelectricalconductorsby colors or numerals, for example in electricity distribution wiring. ● It permits the following colors for identifying conductorsblack,brown,red,orange,yellow, green, blue, violet, gray, white, pink, and turquoise. ● If a circuit includes a neutral or midpoint conductor,thenitshouldbeidentifiedbyacolor (preferably light blue). Light blue is the color usedtoidentifyintrinsicallysafeconductors,and must not be used for any other type of conductor. C phase conductors A The preferred colors for AC phase conductors are: ● L1:brown ● L2:black ● L3:gray ● For a single AC phase:brown EC 60601 Product Safety Standards for Medical I Devices standardsforthesafetyandessentialperformance of medical electrical equipment, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. First publishedin1977andregularlyupdatedandrestructured, as of 2011 it consists of a general standard, about 10 collateral standards, and about 80 particular standards. IEC 60269 Low-voltage Fuses s tandardsforlow-voltagepowerfuses.Thestandardisin fourvolumes,whichdescribegeneralrequirements,fuses for industrial and commercial applications, fuses for residential applications, and fuses to protect semiconductor devices. The tests recommended on Fuses by IEC 60269 are: ● Temperature rise & power dissipation test ● Non-fusing & Fusing test ● Verification of rated current test ● Overload test ● Verification of Time Current Characteristicsand Gates EC 60309 Plugs, Socket-outlets and Couplers for I Industrial Purposes ● IEC 60309-1 Specifies general functional and safety requirements for any form of industrial high-current power connector. ● IEC 60309-2 Specifies arangeofmainspower connectors with circular housings, and different numbers andarrangementsofpinsfordifferent applications. IEC 60598 Luminaires EN IEC 60598-1 Specifies general requirements for ● luminaires, incorporating electric light sources for operation from supply voltages up to 1000 V. ● EN IEC 60598-2 Each part of IEC60598-2identifies specific requirements for different types of lightingand luminairesorgroupsofluminairesonsupplyvoltagesnot exceeding 1000 V EC 60898 Electrical Accessories- Circuit-breakers I for Overcurrent Protection Household and Similar Installations ● IEC 60898-1: CircuitbreakersforACoperation. This part of the standard appliestoalternating current. ● IEC60898-3:CircuitbreakersforDCoperation. This part ofthestandardcontainsrequirements for DC circuit breakers with aratedDCvoltage not exceeding 440 Volts. I ndoorusetoprovideadegreeofprotectiontopersonnel against incidental contact withtheenclosedequipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against settling airborne dust , lint, fibers, and flyings; and to provide a degree of protection against dripping and light splashing of non-corrosive liquids. EMA 6 N Indoororoutdoorusetoprovideadegreeofprotection topersonnelagainstincidentalcontactwiththeenclosed equipment;to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt , rain, sleet, snow , hose-directed water and the entry of water during occasional temporary submersion at a limited depth; and that will be undamaged by the external formation of ice on the enclosure. EMA 12 N Constructed (without knockouts) for indoor use to provide a degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment; to provide a degree of protection against falling dirt; against circulating dust,lint,fibers,andflyings;against drippingandlightsplashingofnon-corrosiveliquids;and against light splashing and consequent seepage of oil and non - corrosive coolants. IMPORTANCE ● Standardization ● Safety ● Environmental Protection ● Equipment Selection - NEMA ratings are essentialwhenselectingelectricalequipment,as they help users choose products suitable for specific environments. ● Compliance ● Global Recognition ● Innovation and Quality Control AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) ● ● stablished in October 19, 1918, E aprivate,non-profitorganizationresponsiblefor overseeing and coordinating the voluntary standardsandconformityassessmentsystemin the United States. ● NSI is not a standards development A organization itself. Instead, it provides a frameworkforthefaircreationofstandardsand reliable conformity assessment systems, ensuring their integrity is maintained. ANSI MISSION AND OBJECTIVES 1. Promote and Facilitate Voluntary Consensus Standards 2. Coordinate U.S. Standards with International Standards 3. Accredit Standards-Developing Organizations (SDOs) 4. Enhance U.S. Business Competitiveness 5. Protect and Improve Public Health and Safety 6. Educate and Advocate for Standardization NSI ELECTRICAL PRACTICES CODES AND A STANDARDS ANSI C2 – National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) ● standards for the installation, operation, and maintenance of electric power and communication utility systems, including power substations, transmission lines, and cables. It covers overhead and underground electric supply and communication lines. ● Specific Guideline: - Minimum vertical clearance - Work zone safety’ - Grounding of electrical systems ● Importance: - Worker and public safety - Reliable utility infrastructure - Adaptation to modern needs ANSI/NFPA 70 – National Electrical Code (NEC) ● NEC, co-published with NFPA, provides safety standardsforelectricalwiringandinstallationin residential, commercial, andindustrialbuildings. It covers guidelines for electrical conductors, equipment, and raceways, ● Specific guideline: - Article 110 – Requirements for Electrical Installations - defines the general safety requirements for electrical installations, including proper voltage ratings, grounding, wiring methods, and equipment labeling. - Article 210 - Branch circuits - this article provides detailed rules for the installation of branch circuits, which distribute electricity to outlets, lights, and appliances. s witches, and relays. It sets guidelines for electricalequipmentusedinindustrialsettingsto ensure they areconstructedandtestedforsafe operation. NSI/IEEE 242 Recommended Practice for A Protection and Coordination of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Buff Book) ● This standard, also known as the Buff Book, provides guidelines for the protection and coordination of electrical power systems in industrial and commercial facilities. ANSI/IEEE141–RecommendedPracticeforElectric ower Distribution for Industrial Plants (Red Book) P ● The Red Book outlines best practices for the design and operation of electric power distributionsystemsinindustrialplants.Itcovers topicslikepowersystemdesign,grounding,and electrical load calculations, ensuring safe and efficient power distribution within industrial environments. NSI/IEEE 1100 – Recommended Practice for A Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book) ● This standardprovidesguidelinesfortheproper powering and grounding of sensitive electronic equipment. It addresses power quality, groundingtechniques,andinterferenceissuesin environments like data centers and telecommunications facilities where equipment reliability is critical. NSI/IEEE 446 – Recommended Practice for A Emergency and Standby Power Systems (Orange Book) ● This standard offers guidelines for the design, installation,andmaintenanceofemergencyand standby power systems. It focuses on power reliability in critical situations, such as during power outages, by addressing the use of generators,uninterruptiblepowersupplies(UPS), and battery systems. ANSI Z244.1 – Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout) ● This standard provides safety requirements for the lockout and tagout of energy-isolating devices. It aims to protect workers from accidental energization of machinery or electrical systems during maintenance or servicing. NSI/UL 508 – Standard for Industrial Control A Equipment ● This standard, co-developed with Underwriters Laboratories(UL),coversthesafetyofindustrial control equipment, such as motor controllers, NATIONAL ELECTRICAL TESTING ASSOCIATION (NETA) ● ● stablished in 1973 E global organization offering certification, training, and testing services t o electrical professionals. NETA CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS ● NETA offers a comprehensive suite of certification programs designed to validate the skills and knowledge of electrical professionals. ETA CERTIFICATIONS - provide a standardized N framework for assessing competence, enhancing credibility, and opening doors to career advancement. Obtaining a NETA certification can demonstrate to employers and clients that an individual possesses the necessary skills and knowledge to perform electrical testing and inspection tasks effectively. ● ETA Technician: entry-level certification is N suitable for technicians working in various electrical settings. It covers fundamental electrical principles, safety procedures, and basic testing techniques. ● ETA Senior Technician:Aimedattechnicians N with advanced skills and experience, this certification demonstrates a higher level of competency. It includes in-depth knowledge of electrical systems, troubleshooting techniques, and complex testing procedures. ● ETA Electrical Testing Engineer: This N certificationisforengineersinvolvedinelectrical testing and inspection. It requires a solid understanding of electrical engineering principles, testing methodologies, and industry standards. ● ETA N Infrared Thermographer: This certification recognizes professionals skilled in infrared thermography for non-destructive testing. It covers the theory and practice of infrared thermography, including equipment selection, image analysis, and reporting. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION (NECA) eneral Requirements G Good workmanship shall be apparent in theinstallation of all electrical materials and equipment. ) Equipment shall be level, plumb and true with the a structure and other equipment; also, in a horizontal or vertical position as intended. ) All materials shall be firmly secured in place, b adequately supported, and permanent. Materials embedded in concrete or masonry or otherwise partof the structure are considered sufficiently supported. ) All hardware, fittings, and accessories shall be of a c type designed, intended and appropriate for use and complement the items with which they are used. ) All materials and equipment including hangers, d supports,fastenersorfittings,andaccessoriesshallhave corrosionprotectionsuitablefortheatmosphereinwhich they areinstalled(whetherlocatedindoorsoroutdoors). Care shall be taken during theinstallationtoassurethe integrityofthecorrosionprotection.Damagedcorrosion protection shall be repaired during or after installation. ) All screws, bolts, nuts, clamps, fittings or other e fastening devices shall be made uptightinaccordance with manufacturers’ and/or listing instructions. f ) Plans and specifications shall be carefully followed when installing equipment. NOTE: Local building codes may have seismic requirements that affect equipment installation. Installers shall consult these codes or coordinate with thegeneralcontractorpriortoinstalling equipment. General Requirements for Mounting and Cooling of quipment E ) Electrical equipment shall be firmly secured to the a surfaceonwhichitismounted.Woodenplugsdriveninto holes in masonry, concrete, plaster, or similar materials shall not be used. b) Electrical equipment thatdepends onthenaturalcirculationofairandconvectionprinciples forcoolingofexposedsurfacesshallbeinstalledsothat roomairflowoversuchsurfacesisnotpreventedbywalls or by adjacent installed equipment. For equipment designed for floor mounting, clearance between top surfaces and adjacent surfaces shall be provided to issipate rising warm air. Electrical equipment provided d withventilatedopeningsshallbeinstalledsothatwallsor other obstructions do not preventthefreecirculationof air through the equipment. Safety OTE:ManytestsonelectricalequipmentinvolveTheuse N ofhightestvoltagesandcurrentsthatarelifehazardsto personnel and are capable of damaging or destroying the equipment under test. Institute and practice safety rules to prevent injury to personnel who areperforming the tests and others who might beexposedtohazards. Use test procedures designed to ensure that no intentional damage to equipment will result from the testing process. ervicing and maintaining electrical equipmentincludes S inspecting and testing equipment during its operation. Hazards exist as an unavoidable characteristic of operating and testing electrical equipment. While the hazard remains, risk can be mitigated through good engineeringdesign,properworkpractices,andprotective equipment. lectrical equipment hazards include electric shock E (energized equipment, stored energy in batteries and capacitors, multiple sources of electricity), toxic chemicals (electrolyte and hydrogen from batteries, engine generator oil and coolant), asphyxiation (engine-generator exhaust fumes, products of combustion), explosion (hydrogen from batteries, fuels from engine-generators, arc-blast), rotating machinery (motors and engine generators), corrosive liquids (battery electrolyte), corrosive vapors (cracked or leaky batteries), fire and explosion hazard (hydrogen gas generated during battery charging cycles, fuels for engine generators), hazardous fumes or vapors (products of combustion due to fire), confined spaces (manholes), and thermal burns (engine-generator components, batteries,productsofcombustion),among others. rior to maintaining equipment, read all related P installation, operation, and owner’s manuals to become familiar with the equipment and thehazardsspecificto the equipment. Read all related safety instructions and carefully observe all instructions, warnings, and precautions in this Recommended Practice and in the equipment manufacturer instructions.Observeallsafety warning labels on equipment. I ndividuals performing tests and inspections shall be capable ofworkinginasafemannerandwithcomplete easurements of electricalparameters,suchascontact m resistance. As such, periodic inspections are typically performed with equipment de-energized andlockedout and/ortaggedoutofoperationinaccordancewithNFPA 70E. f orthefacility.Whenrequiredbycontract,workorder,or purchaseagreement,provideportableengine-generators as needed to maintain generator power capabilitiesfor the duration of testing and maintenance procedures, such as for emergency power applications. ased on deficiencies identified during periodic B inspections, complete needed maintenance and repairs in accordance with manufacturer instructions and Section 5. erifythatthegeneratorismountedinsuchamannerto V prevent combustible materials fromaccumulatingunder the generator. Inspect for and remove any foreign objects or loose debris, such as materials, trash, rags, paper,andleaves,thatcouldbedrawnintothegenerator or alternator air intakes. Ensure that the generator and the surrounding area are clean, dry, and free from obstructions. Ensure that all covers and guards are in place and secure. Verify all generator functions. onsult the manufacturer for recommendations for any C deficiencies identified during inspections, testing, and maintenance. Where the continued operation of equipment is suspected to be hazardous based on identified deficiencies, de-energize equipment and remove from service. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations for repairing or replacing suspect equipment. esting and Maintenance Requirements T Follow the manufacturer equipmentspecificinstructions for operating, servicing,inspecting,testing,maintaining, repairing, and reconditioning equipment and components, including performing specific inspections and testing as recommended by the manufacturer in addition to the general inspections, testing, and maintenance contained within this Recommended Practice. erform testing and maintenance of equipment and P components in accordance with manufacturer instructionsandinaccordancewithNFPA70,NFPA70B, andNFPA70E.SeeSection3foradditionalguidancefor electrical safety. erform routine inspections in accordance with Section P 4.1,andperformperiodicinspectionsinaccordancewith Section 4.2 prior to testing and maintaining equipment. ngine-Generators E Major maintenance and repairs of engine-generators is beyondthescopeofthisRecommendedPractice.Consult the manufacturer for recommendations. est and maintain generators installed for life safety T systems, emergency systems, and critical operations power systems (COPS) in accordance with applicable National, State, and local codes and regulations. Coordinate the testing and maintenance of engine-generatorswiththeowner’soperationalschedule erify all alarms, meters, emergency power off (EPO), V auxiliary functions, remote tandard for Commissioning Building Electrical System S Scope 1.1 Products and Applications Included This standard outlines the procedures for installing, testing, and commissioning newly installed or retrofitted electrical systems, equipment, and components in buildings. It definesthecommissioningprocessforthesesystemsand provides example guidelines to achieve optimal system performance that aligns with design specifications and widely accepted industry codes and standards. This standard focuses on commissioning activities that generally involve the electrical sub-contractor and take place during and after the construction phase. Additionally, the commissioning process encompasses activities that extend beyond the purview of this standard. 1 .2 Products and Applications Excluded Thisstandardis not designed to address the specific commissioning processes for all varieties of electrical systems, equipment, or components. OtherNEISdocumentsthat detail commissioning and testing requirements for electrical systems, equipment, and components are referenced and listed in Annex B. Additionally, this standard does not involve: •Theproceduresforcommissioningsystemssuchasfire alarm systems, telecommunications networks, closed circuittelevision(CCTV)systems,accesscontrolsystems, and other limited energy systems. • The testing of specialized equipment and systems, includingtransformers,wiring,andlineisolationmonitors that are partofisolatedpowersystemsinwetlocations within healthcare facilities. the Owner, as needed, will be responsible for executing t he CP. he documented procedures which comprise the T construction-phase commissioning process generally include the following: • Pre-Commissioning that consists of normallyspecified checks and testing, and wiring and controls point-to-point verification completed by the respective general contractor or subcontractor before the formal commissioning process begins. • Pre-Functional Procedures (PFPs) that consist of a series of field observations conducted during the installation of equipment yet to be commissioned to verify that equipment and components are installed in accordance with contract documents and are readyfor startup. • Pre-Startup Testing that consists of the typically-specified testing, such as meter testing of electrical equipment. •EquipmentStartupProceduresthatensurethatstartup is performed in accordance with the manufacturer recommended procedures, and that those startup activities and data are documented for future reference. • Post-Startup Testing that consists of typical testing activities specified as required by contract documents that occurs after startup and before Functional Performance Procedures, such as debugging. • FunctionalPerformanceProcedures(FPPs)thatconsist of determining if equipment and systems operate in accordance with the design intent and the contract documents. • Operation and Maintenance Manuals that will be reviewed for both content and organization. •OperatorTrainingthatwillbeprovidedandcoordinated bythegeneralcontractorandoverseenbytheOwnerto help ensure that operating and maintenance staff is adequatelypreparedtooperateandmaintainthefacility at turnover. ommissioning Plan (CP) C The CP provides guidance for the execution of commissioningactivities,andprovidesabroadoutlineof the entire commissioning process. he CP typically details the commissioning activities T during design and construction, along with occupancy and operational commissioning activities and the roles andresponsibilitiesofallcommissioningteammembers, y name, firm, and trade specialty, for performance of b each commissioning task. he CP is a dynamic document that is continuously T updated throughout the design, construction, and warranty phases of the project. ocumentation D Commissioning documents which will be completed by the various installing contractors (general contractor or sub contractors) include, but are not limited to, the following: • Periodic commissioning status reports. • Pre-startup test procedures and test forms. • Equipment startup plans and forms. • Post-startup test forms and reports. • Pre-functional tests and checklists. • Functional performance procedures and tests. • Operating and maintenance (O&M) manuals. Vibration Monitoring se a vibration data collector with the following U minimum requirements: • Minimum of 400 lines of resolution • Dynamic range greater than 70dB • Frequency response of 5Hz-10kHz (300 to 600,000 cycles per minute (cpm) • Capability to perform ensemble averaging • Use of a Hanning window • Auto-ranging frequency • Minimum amplitude accuracy over the selected frequency range of plus/minus 20% or plus/minus 1.5 dB .5.1GeneralElectricalCommissioningRequirements 5 Perform inspections and mechanical testsofequipment and componentsaccordingtomanufacturerinstructions and ANSI/NETA specifications. Key actions include: 1. Equipment Verification: Compare equipment with contract documents and ○ approved submittals. ○ Verifynameplateinformation,circuitbreakerandfuse sizes,andresistancevalues(notexceeding15%deviation for identical fuses). 2. Wiring Checks: Conductpoint-to-pointchecksforproperterminations ○ and continuity, including ground conductors. ○ Performshieldcontinuitytestsforshieldedcablesand inspect cable insulation and bends per ICEA standards. 3. Connection Verification:
