TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
Institute of science and technology
A Project Proposal
On
Blockchain-Based Online Voting System
Submitted to
Department of Statistics and Computer Science
Patan Multiple Campus
In partial fulfillement of the requriments for Bachelor Degree in Computer science and
Information Technology
Submitted By:
Hridesh Sapkota 25537
Roshan Ojha
25569
Sanam Timilsina 25580
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Blockchain
1.2 Decentralized Voting Using Blockchain
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Literature Survey on Online Voting System Using Blockchain
2.2 A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Scalable
Blockchain Based Electronic Voting Systems
2.3 A Survey of Blockchain-Based E-voting Systems
2.4 Survey on Voting System Using Blockchain Technology
2.5 A Survey on Smart Electronic Voting System
3 Methodology
3.1 Requirement Identification
3.1.1 Existing System
3.1.2 Disadvantages of Existing Systems
3.2 Proposed System
3.2.1 Brief Explanation of Proposed System
3.2.2 Advantages of Proposed System
Research
3.2.4 System Architecture
3.3 High Level Design of System
3.3.1 Hardware Requirements
3.3.2 Software Requirements
3.3.3 Use Case Diagram
3.3.4 Description of algorithms
4 Expected outcome
5 References
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction to Blockchain.
Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger technology that ensures secure and transparent
transaction validation across a decentralized network. Originating with Bitcoin, blockchain
technology is now applied across various sectors including finance, supply chain, and voting.
Its structure involves linking blocks of data with cryptographic hashes, creating an immutable
and transparent system that resists tampering.
1.2 Decentralized Voting Using Blockchain.
A decentralized voting system on the Ethereum blockchain offers a transformative approach
to elections, enhancing security, transparency, and accessibility. By eliminating intermediaries
and enabling anonymous, tamper-proof voting, such systems promise increased voter
engagement and trust. This system allows global participation and provides real-time results,
making elections more inclusive and efficient.
2 Literature Survey
2.1 Literature Survey on Online Voting System Using Blockchain
This survey discusses the need for advanced security in online voting systems and
explores various implementations across countries, highlighting issues in traditional systems
like database manipulation.
2.2 A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis on Scalable Blockchain-Based
Electronic Voting Systems.
This review identifies scalability challenges in blockchain-based voting systems and
examines solutions and research developments, offering guidance for future research and
implementations.
2.3 A Survey of Blockchain-Based E-voting Systems
This paper explores recent advancements in blockchain-based e-voting systems, focusing on
security and privacy issues, and provides a comparative analysis of existing systems.
2.4 Survey on Voting System Using Blockchain Technology
The survey highlights how blockchain technology can address problems in traditional voting,
offering a secure and efficient online voting solution.
2.5 A Survey on Smart Electronic Voting System Using Blockchain Technology
This survey discusses the implementation of blockchain in electronic voting systems in
India, addressing security concerns and proposing a blockchain-based solution for enhanced
transparency and reliability.
3
Methodology
3.1
Requirement Identification
Requirement identification is the gathering of relevant requirement that will be used to develop
a system. There are different methods to gather requirement which includes studying of
existing system, interviews, questionnaires etc.
3.1.1
Existing System
Traditional voting systems involve physical voting locations and manual counting, with
electronic systems facing criticism over security vulnerabilities.
3.1.2
Disadvantages of Existing Systems

Lack of transparency

Vulnerability to fraud

Slow results

High costs

Centralization

Limited accessibility

3.2 Proposed System
3.2.1 Brief Explanation of Proposed System
The proposed system utilizes Ethereum blockchain to ensure a secure, transparent,
and immutable voting process. It employs smart contracts to facilitate anonymous voting and
real-time results, enhancing the integrity of elections.
3.2.2
Advantages of Proposed System
 Decentralization
 Transparency
 Tamper-proof


Global accessibility
Real-time results
3.2.3 Objectives of the Proposed Research

Security: Ensuring tamper-proof and transparent elections.

Transparency: Allowing full visibility into the voting process.

Accessibility: Increasing voter turnout by removing physical barriers.

Efficiency: Reducing time and costs associated with traditional voting.

Trust: Building confidence in the electoral process.
3.2.4 System Architecture
The system architecture involves user authentication, role-based access, real-time vote
recording, and result updates on the blockchain.
Figure: System Architecture
3.3 High Level Design of System
The high-level design of the Blockchain-Based Online Voting System includes a user
interface for voters and administrators, allowing secure login and vote casting. Voter
authentication is managed through secure registration and access control mechanisms like
biometric verification or two-factor authentication. The system utilizes a blockchain network
to ensure the immutability and transparency of the votes. Smart contracts are employed to
automate election rules and vote tallying. Finally, the system provides real-time monitoring
and secure storage of election data, ensuring a trustworthy and tamper-proof voting process.
3.3.1
Hardware Requirements
Processor (2 GHz), RAM (4 GB), Disk Space (100 GB)
3.3.2
Software Requirements:
Node.js, Web3.js, Truffle, Solidity, Ganache, Metamask, Python, FastAPI,
MySQL.
3.3.3
Use Case Diagram
Figure : Use Case Diagram
3.3.4
Data Flow Diagram
Level 0 data flow diagram
Figure : Level 0 Data Flow Diagram
3.3.1
Level 1 data flow diagram
Figure : Level 1 Data Flow Diagram
3.3.1
Level 2 data flow diagram
Figure : Level 2 Data Flow Diagram
ER Diagram
Figure : ER Diagram
3.3.5Description of algorithms
The algorithm for the Blockchain-Based Online Voting System involves several key steps:
1. Voter Registration: Voters register securely, providing necessary identification and
undergoing verification through mechanisms like biometric authentication or twofactor authentication.
2. Ballot Casting: After successful authentication, voters access the ballot through the
system's user interface. Each vote is encrypted and digitally signed by the voter before
being submitted.
3. Blockchain Recording: The encrypted vote is broadcast to the blockchain network,
where it is added as a new transaction. The blockchain's consensus mechanism ensures
that the vote is securely recorded and immutable.
4. Smart Contract Execution: Smart contracts within the blockchain automatically
execute election rules, such as validating the vote, ensuring it's from a registered voter,
and preventing double voting.
5. Vote Tallying: Once the voting period ends, the smart contract triggers the counting of
votes. Since the blockchain is transparent, the tallying process is secure and can be
verified by anyone.
6. Result Announcement: The final vote count is securely stored and made available for
viewing, ensuring that the results are accurate and tamper-proof.
4 Expected outcome
The expected outcomes are enhanced security, increased transparency, reduced election
costs, improved trust in the process, and potentially higher voter participation through
accessible online voting.
5 REFERENCES
[1] “Blockchain-Based E-Voting System” by Friðrik Þ. Hjálmarsson, Gunnlaugur K.
Hreiðarsson, Mohammad Hamdaqa, Gísli Hjálmtýsson, 2018
[2] “Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System for Elections in Turkey” by Rumeysa
Bulut, Alperen Kantarcı, Safa Keskin, Şerif Bahtiyar
[3] “The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Blockchain Technology” by Julija Golosova,
Andrejs Romanovs
[4] A. Shanti Bruyn, “Blockchain an introduction. Research paper”, 2017.
[5] Andrew Barnes, Christopher Brake and Thomas Perry “ Digital Voting with the use of
Blockchain Technology”, 2016
[7] The Benefits Of Applying Blockchain Technology In Any Industry
(https://www.forbes.com/sites/ilkerkoksal/2019/10/23/the-benefits-of-applyingblockchaintechnology-in-any-industry/?sh=48c9789a49a5
[8]What are the advantages of Blockchain? (https://omnitude.tech/what-are-the-advantagesofblockchain/)
[9] Blockchain disadvantages: 10 possible reasons not to enthuse
(https://www.enterprisetimes.co.uk/2018/10/15/blockchain-disadvantages-10possiblereasons-not-to-enthuse/)
[10] Should we already be using blockchain as a voting system for elections?
(https://www.corda.net/blog/should-we-already-be-using-blockchain-as-a-voting-systemforelections/)