DEHYDRATION
Occurs when more water and
fluids leave the body than enter.
Even low levels of dehydration
can cause headaches, lethargy
and constipation.
Human body is roughly 75%
water without this water it cannot
survive water is found inside
cells within blood vessels and
between cells.
Types of Dehydration
Isotonic Dehydration
Loss of water with normal dissolved particle
balance
Causes: fluid loss from stomach, intestines,
kidneys, skin
Hypertonic Dehydration
Loss of more water than sodium
Results in high sodium levels and cell
shrinkage
Hypotonic Dehydration
Loss of more sodium than water
Results in low sodium levels and cell
swelling
Inadequate Fluid Intake
Diarrhea
Vomiting
Fever
Excessive Sweating
Increased Urination
Signs and Symptoms
Initial Responses:
Thirst and decreased urine output.
Concentrated, yellow urine.
Advanced Symptoms:
Dry mouth and eyes, lack of tears, halted sweating.
Muscle cramps, nausea, vomiting, heart palpitations.
Light-headedness, especially when standing, and weakness.
Severe Dehydration:
Cool, clammy skin, confusion, and weakness.
Risk of coma, organ failure, and death.
Diagnosis of Dehydration
Physical Signs:
Low blood pressure when standing,
faster heart rate, reduced blood flow
to extremities.
Tests:
Blood tests to check electrolyte
levels (sodium, potassium) and
kidney function.
Urine tests to determine dehydration
level and check for bladder
infections.
Treatment of Dehydration
1
Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement:
Replace lost fluids and electrolytes.
Use oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
for infants and children.
Severe Cases:
Emergency treatment with
intravenous (IV) fluids and salts.
Note:
The approach depends on age,
severity, and cause of dehydration.
Complications
Seizures
Electrolyte imbalance due to severe
dehydration
Brain Swelling (Cerebral Edema)
Serious condition from severe dehydration
Kidney Failure
Long-term or severe dehydration impacts
kidney function
Shock
Hypovolemic shock from significant fluid
loss
Coma
Extreme dehydration can cause loss of
consciousness
Death
Fatal without prompt treatment
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