The Periodic Table:
Groups and Periods
The Periodic Table
The periodic table is composed of elements
arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Periods
The horizontal rows on the periodic table
are called periods.
Groups
• Columns on the periodic table are called groups.
• Elements in the same group have the same number
of valence electrons.
Three Types of Elements
The periodic table contains three types of elements:
metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Metalloids
Nonmetals
Metals
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
• Metals – hard, shiny elements that are good
conductors of heat and electricity.
• Nonmetals – soft, brittle elements that are
poor conductors of heat and electricity.
• Metalloids – share some properties of metals
and some properties of nonmetals.
Groups of the Periodic Table
• Elements are organized into groups (1-18).
• Elements in the same group have similar properties.
Alkali Metals (Group 1):
Soft and shiny. Extremely reactive with water
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2):
Hard, shiny metals. Very reactive.
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth
Metals
Transition Metals (Group 3-12):
Strong metals that are ductile and malleable.
Used to make common items like coins and tools.
Transition Metals
Boron Family (Group 13)
Carbon Family (Group 14)
Nitrogen Family (Group 15)
Oxygen Family (Group 16)
Carbon
Nitrogen
Halogens (Group 17):
Extremely reactive elements that can form salts.
Noble Gases (Group 18):
Non-reactive group of non-metals.
Neon
Noble Gases
Halogens
Lanthanides (Elements 57-70)
Actinides (Elements 89-102)
Also known as the Rare Earth Metals.
All metals, all solids, all radioactive.
Lanthanides
Actinides
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