THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
PRELIMS
Week1: Introduction to the Study of
Rizal's Life, Works and Writings
Claro M. Recto
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Born Claro Recto y Mayo; February
8, 1890 - October 2, 1960 was a
Filipino statesman, jurist, poet and
one of the foremost statesmen of his
generation.
He
is
remembered
for
his
nationalism, for "the impact of his
patriotic convictions on modern
political thought”
1916 - legal adviser to the first
Philippine Senate
1919, elected representative of the
second district of Batangas
1925 - minority floor leader
member of the Independence
Mission to US
1934 - Recto presided over the
assembly that drafted the Philippine
Constitution
1942-43 Commissioner of Education
1943-44 Minister of Foreign Affairs
and
1960 Cultural Envoy with the rank of
Ambassador on a cultural mission to
Europe and Latin America abogado
milagroso (lawyer of miracles)
poet, playwright, essayist
Republic Act No. 1425
➔ An Act to Include in the Curricula of
All Public and Private Schools,
Colleges and Universities courses
on the Life Works and Writings of
JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels
NOLI ME TANGERE and EL
FILIBUSTERISMO, Authorizing the
Printing and Distribution Thereof,
and for Other Purposes.
➔ Whereas, today, more than other
period of our history, there is a need
for a re-dedication to the ideals of
freedom and nationalism for which
our heroes lived and died.
➔ Whereas, it is meet that in honoring
them, particularly the national hero
and patriot, Jose Rizal, we
remember with special fondness and
devotion their lives and works that
have shaped the national
character;
➔ Whereas, the life, works and writings
of Jose Rizal particularly his novels
Noli
Me
Tangere
and
El
Filibusterismo, are a constant and
inspiring source of patriotism with
which the minds of the youth,
especially during their formative and
decisive years in school, should be
suffused.
➔ Whereas, all educational institutions
are under the supervision of, and
subject to regulation by the State,
and all schools are enjoined to
develop moral character, personal
discipline, civic conscience,and to
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
teach the duties of citizenship; Now
therefore
➔ Be it enacted by the Senate and
House of Representatives of the
Philippines in Congress assembled.
➢ Claro Mayo Recto - the author or
main proponent of the law.
➢ Jose P. Laurel - the sponsor of the
said law.
➢ It was enacted and signed on June
12, 1956 which coincides the
Philippine Independence Day.
Rizal Law
❖ Mandates the teaching of the LIFE,
WORKS AND WRITING of Rizal in
ALL SCHOOLS in the country.
Objectives of the R.A 1425
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Contents of the Mandate
Section 1: This section mandates the
students to read the two greatest novels of
Rizal. These two shall be included in the
curricula of all schools, colleges and
universities, public or private.
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Section 2: This section mandates the
schools to have "an adequate number" of
copies in their libraries.
Section 3: This section orders the Board of
National Education to publish the works in
English, Tagalog, and other major Philippine
languages
RIZAL COURSE IN HIGHER
EDUCATION
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Section 4: It prohibits the discussion of
religious doctrines by persons engaged in
any public school.
Section 5: A sum of 300 thousand pesos is
appropriated to carry out the purposes of
the law.
Section 6: It shall take effect upon its
approval.
To rededicate the lives of youth to
the
ideals
of
freedom
and
nationalism, for which our heroes
lived and died
To pay tribute to our national hero for
devoting his life and works in
shaping the Filipino character
To gain an inspiring source of
patriotism thru the study of Rizal's
life, work and writing
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To recognize the relevance of Rizal's
ideals, thoughts, teachings, and life
values to present conditions in the
community
To apply Rizal's ideas in the solution
of
day-to-day
situations
and
problems in contemporary life
To develop an understanding and
appreciation
of
the
qualities,
behavior and character of Rizal
To foster the development of moral
character,
personal
discipline,
citizenship and vocational efficiency
among the Filipino youth
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
RIZAL, AN AMERICAN SPONSORED
HERO?
❖ Constantino (1969) claims that
Rizal was an American sponsored
hero
because
of
the
Taft
Commission of 1901
❖ Act No. 137 - organized a
politico-military district and named it
as the province of Rizal.
❖ Act No. 243 - authorized a public
subscription for the erection of a
monument in honor of Rizal at
Luneta
❖ Act No. 345 - sets aside the
anniversary of Rizal's death as a day
of observance
Factors attributable to Filipinos why
Rizal should be the official national
hero:
➔ Tributes given by the Katipunan
➔ Decrees
➔ Erection of his monument
➔ Construction of Myriad monuments
➔ Names
According to Guerrero (1998), the
following conclusions drawn in making
Rizal as our national hero:
1. Since the Filipinos love peace, they
have chosen to magnify a man of
peace above the men of war.
2.
Because Filipinos are lovers of
freedom and justice, they have given
their worship to a man who gave up
all comforts and pleasures of peace
for their sakes.
3.
Filipinos prize virtue more than
victory, and sacrifice above success.
RIZAL, PIONEER ASIAN NATIONALIST
LEADER
" Rizal was the most remarkable because
his ideas matured at an early"-Coates, 1968
" Rizal was the first exponent of Asian
nationalism since he was the source of
inspiration for the outbreak of the Philippine
Revolution of 1896"- De Ocampo, 1969
According to Fisher (1962)
➢ Rizal is pioneer Exponent of Liberal
Democracy in Asia
➢ Rizal, spoken out with firmness and
courage ideas on liberal democracy:
● worth and dignity of individual
● Inviolability of human rights
● Innate equality of all men and races
● Constitutional government
● Due process of law
● Popular sovereignty
● Faith in human reason and
enlightenment
● Public education
● Social progress through freedom
Summary
➔ Republic Act 1425, An Act to Include
in the Curricula of All Public and
Private Schools, Colleges and
Universities courses on the Life
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
Works and Writings of JOSE RIZAL
authored by Jose P. Laurel
➔ Claro Recto y Mayo, is remembered
for his nationalism, for "the impact of
his patriotic convictions on modern
political thought
➔ According to Guerrero (1998), one
conclusion drawn to proclaim Rizal
as national hero, since the Filipinos
love peace, they have chosen to
magnify a man of peace above the
men of war
➔ It cannot be denied that Dr. Rizal
gave form to the aspiration of the
Filipino people, thereby giving rise to
our people's nationalist struggle
❖ Feudalistic social and economic
structure
❖ Censorship
❖ Racial discrimination
❖ Intellectual decadence
❖ Government processes had no
respect for the needs of
the people
❖ Clamor for reforms remained
unheeded
❖ Social discontent caused confusion
❖ Middle class stepped right into the
currents of modern liberalism
❖ Foreign contacts influenced the
development of a sense of
nationhood among the Filipinos.
Week 2: Spain and the Philippines in
the 19th Century Part I
Political and Economic Changes
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19th Century Philippines
➢ A dynamic and creative age
especially in Europe and the United
States different Concepts arise such
as:
Industrialism, democracy, and
nationalism
➢ Triggered revolutionary changes in:
Science, technology, economics
and prosperity
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Economic Situation of the 19th
Century Philippines
GALLEON TRADE
"The Manila Galleon was... the first medium
to reduce the world to a village."- Nick
Joaquin (1990)
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Conditions of the Philippines:
Elimination of monopoly enjoyed by
the galleon to Acapulco 1815)
1830 Opening of world commerce
Opening of Suez canal
The rise of middle class
Opening of public education
When the Spaniards came to the
Philippines, our ancestors were
already trading with China, Japan,
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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Siam, India, Cambodia, Borneo and
the Moluccas
Lasted for two and a half centuries
after Legazpi's settlement in Cebu,
from 1565 to 1815.
It was the longest shipping line in
history existed for roughly 150 years
108 galleons were used, and of this
number, 30 were lost by shipwreck
It made Manila the first primate cit in
Southeast Asia b the earl
seventeenth century.
❖ 1521- Magellan arrived Philippines
already trading with other Southeast
Asian neighbors including China
❖ Juan Salcedo's account, rescuing
the Chinese from a brawl with
Filipinos in Taal, Batangas
❖ Senor Guillermo Gomez Rivera,
Phil. Honorary President of
Asociacion Cultural Galeon de
Manila
❖ 90% of goods were Mexican Silver
headed for
China
❖ 10% from Phils such as gold, pearls
and plants
❖ Manila is the Center of Commerce in
the East
❖ P 500, 000 goods - Acapulco to
Manila (120 days)
❖ P 250, 000 goods - Manila to
Acapulco (90 days)
Profile of the Manila Galleon Trade
The galleons carried:
➔ Cottons
➔ Ivory
➔ Gold
➔ Spices
➔ Silk
➔ Damask porcelain
The Galleon Trade
❖ Nov. 21, 1564 - San Pedro, San
Pablo, San Lucas and San Juan
from Mexico noticed the fantastic
Trading system
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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In 1454, after Columbus confirmed
the existence of the Americas, Pope
Alexander the VI issued "Inter
Caetera" dividing the Americas
between Portugal and Spain, which
they interpreted as applying to the
whole non-Christian world.
Manila Galleon (1565 to 1815) were
large
Spanish ships that sailed across
Pacific between New Spain Mexico)
and the Philippines.
They allowed Spain to trade with
East Asia without using Portuguese
trade routes.
They brought the first Asian to arrive
in North America after Columbus.
1521 Magellan discovered the
Westward route
1565
Andres
de
Urdaneta
discovered the eastward route
(Kuroshio
current
near
Japan-America
near
Cape
Mendocino - Acapulco)
Trade partners:
➢ Japan, Taiwan,
➢ Fujian province of Ming
➢ Dynasty China, Macau,
➢ East Timor and
➢ Spice Island (Eastern Indonesia)
Galleon Trade Route
The first post-Columbian record of
Asians in North America
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In 1587, Filipinos landed in
California at Morro Bay near San
Luis Obispo, 33 years before the
May Flower
In 1595, a galleon shipwrecked near
Point Reyes just north of the San
Francisco Bay, survivors swan to
shore
Chinese artifacts in Mexico date
back to 16th century
Chinese settlement in California
goes back to at least the 17th
Century
Opening of Suez Canal
➔ 1854, a French company by
Ferdinand de Lesseps
➔ Opened 1869 and it is 163
kilometers long
➔ Arabic, Egyptian and some
European societies benefited from
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
this canal with its help over irrigation,
transportation and strategic military
advantages
➔ Road for global world
How Suez Canal was built
Importance of Suez Canal
• Decreases the road between Europe and
South Asia from 16000 km (Cape of good
hope) to 10000 km
Europe - for the oil and trade with Asia
❖ US - transporting troops and military
equipment to Afghanistan
❖ Egypt - Control the Suez Canal and
Suez-Mediterranean oil pipeline
(3,000 barrels)
It has power in the world economy
due to taxes it receives from ships
transiting there
❖ It help reduce unemployment as
Egypt need labor force to repair the
erosion of coastline
Impact of Suez Canal
➢ 30 days travel time from Philippines
to Spain
➢ Brings prosperity to native Indio
(illustrados)
➢ Importation of books, magazines
and newspapers with political
thoughts and liberal ideas
➢ Encouraged more Spaniards and
Europeans with liberal ideas to come
to the Philippines and interact with
Filipino reformists
➢ Creation of middle class
➢ Encouraged the illustrados to pursue
higher studies abroad
The Philippines and the World Trade
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Increase in trade and navigation in
Asia
There was a "saltatory rise in the
level of foreign Trade" in the
Philippines
Foreign merchants introduced
modern machinery, advanced
money on crops
Increasing commodity concentration
of exports (sugar, abaca, tobacco
and coffee) to UK, China, British
East Indies
Liquid wealth reach Filipinos
Disparities
➔ Disparities between regions and
occupations became more marked
➔ Domestic textile industry could not
compete with foreign imports
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
➔ 1880, the "decade of death"
because of an imbalance between
commercial and subsistence
agriculture and arrival of epidemic
Week 3: Spain and the Philippines in
the 19th Century Part II
Who is more powerful? Friar or Governor
General
Advantages
➔ Improvement in communications,
finance and infrastructure
➔ The funds of Obras Pias was
employed in the past to finance the
galleon trade and used to establish
the Banco Espanol-Filipino (1851)
and Monte de Piedad (1882).
➔ Water system was built in Manila
Summary
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A dynamic and creative age
especially in Europe and the United
States different Concepts arise such
as:
Industrialism, democracy, and
nationalism
Clamor for reforms is one of the
most important need of the filipinos
during the Spanish era
Political and economic changes was
brought into reality when the
Philippines opens its doors to foreign
exchange of goods
Manila Galleon (1565 to 1815) were
large Spanish ships that sailed
across Pacific between New Spain
(Mexico) and the Philippines
Road for global world was because
of opening of suez canal. Increase in
trade and navigation in Asia
Friar - His approval was necessary on
almost all acts of the local officials
Political Instability in Spain
➢ Started after the death of Ferdinand
VII, Spain went through a downward
spiral as a world power.
➢ 1830 - all of Spain's American
colonies have seced and became
independent except Cuba and
Puerto Rico
➢ A struggle for the throne between
forces loyal to Ferdinand's daughter
Isabella and his brother Charles
known as Carlist War.
➢ 19th century - was the period of
political instability of Spain to the
frequent rise and fall of the ministries
and constitutions.
➢ Canovite system or rotativism wherein liberals and conservative in
Spain took turns in administering the
affairs of the country.
Political instability of Spain affected
the top colonial administration in the
Philippines.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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Abandonment of Mercantilism
opening of Suez Canal(1869) and
telegraph line
connected the Philippines to the rest
of the world
increased contact with the west
brought home the political ideas in
Europe
preached equality and God given
rights of men.
civic courage began, questioning the
abuses of Spanish regime and
began clamor for reform which later
on Rizal was involved.
Before the 19th century
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Mercantilism
is
an
economic
doctrine based on the idea that the
country's wealth and power can be
measured in its stocks of gold and
silver.
THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL 'S
TIME
Galleon trade - began in 1565, a trade
between Manila and Acapulco.
In 18th to 19th century, laissez faire or
free market trade began
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Merchants began trading freely as
profit from international commerce.
There was a demand for Philippine
products like sugar, coffee, rice,
indigo and tobacco.
1834 - Philippines was officially
opened to foreign trade
With Laissez faire policy adoption
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a new middle class families were
created named "Ilustrados" who
have been given a chance to send
their children to higher education
ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION
➔ The Philippines was governed
directly by the Spanish crown, thru
the ministry of colonies, in the 19th
century.
GOVERNOR GENERAL
➔ Head of the Spanish colonial
government in the country.
➔ He was the vice royal patron.
➔ He was also the commander in chief
of the colonial
➔ He was an ex officio president of the
royal audiencia.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
LOCAL
GOVERNMENT
UNITS
(Provinces, Towns, Cities and Barrios)
Provinces
During the Spanish regime were
called alcaldias
➔ Headed by Alcalde Mayor
➔ Exercised Executive and Judicial
Functions
❖ Executive & judicial functions
❖ Most corrupt =indulto de commercio
(monopolize trade)
TOWNS
➔
Towns
➔ Also called Pueblos
➔ Headed by Gobernadorcillo
➔ His principal responsibility was tax
collection
Barrios
➔ also called Barangas
➔ Headed by Cabeza de Barangay
➔ His
main
function
was
the
maintenance of peace and order and
the collection of taxes, and tributes
in the barangay.
City Government
➔ Also called Avuntamiento
➔ Headed by Cabildo or City Council,
City Mayor or Alcalde en Ordinario,
Councilors or regidores, chief
constable or aguacilmayor and a
secretary or escrubano
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
PROVINCES
❖ Alcaldias
❖ Alcalde Mayor
❖ Pueblos
❖ Gobernadorcillo
(elected
Males/13 electors)
❖ Tax
collection-mortgage
properties
by
his
CITIES
❖ Avuntamiento
❖ Cabildo
❖ City council - city mayor, councilors,
chief constable and secretary
BARRIOS
❖ Baranggay
❖ Cabeza de baranggay
❖ Maintenance of peace and order and
collection of taxes and tributes
Another powerful position aside from
Governor General:
Friar
❖ The supervising representative of
the Spanish government for all local
affairs
❖ His approval was necessary on
almost all acts of the local officials.
❖ Frailocracia, the situation which the
civil authorities feared the friar's
because of their power and
influence.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
Guardia Civil
❖ Was organize in 1867, as a corps of
native police under the leadership of
Spanish officer's for the purpose of
dealing with outlaws and renegades
In 1880 it was the most feared
instrument of summary arrests of
individuals identified by the friars.
Terms used during the Spanish Era:
FILIBUSTEROS
➢ Enemies of the government
EREHES
➢ Enemies of the catholic church
AUDENCIA REA
➢ - Were two territorial audencias
1. courts of first instance
2. justice of the peace court
➢ Not only adjudicate appeals for civil
and criminal cases it also served as
a forum for settling important issues
on governance
SOURCE OF WEAKNESS AND ABUSE
OF
SPANISH GOVERNMENT
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The wide spread selling of lower
positions to the highest bidders
Unqualified and unfit employees for
government service
RESIDENCIA
●
the trial of an outgoing governor
general to account for his acts
during his tenure of office
VISITADOR
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investigating officer to probe on the
complaints against the governor
general
SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF FILIPINO
SOCIETY
FEUDALISTIC
★
the Filipinos were treated as slaves
by the Spanish conquerors
Polo y servicio
★ forced labor to the government and
the catholic church
DOCTRINE OF LIMPIEZA DE SANGRE
(purity of blood)
★ Peninsulares or the Spaniards born
in Spain
★ Insulares or the Spaniards born in
the Philippines
★ Mestizos or the Spanish and
Chinese
★ Principalia or the ruling class of
native elites
★ Indios or the browned skinned
natives who composed the majority
of the people
BASED ON APPLICATION OF THE
Doctrine of Limpieza de Sangre (Purity
of Blood)
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
university which offered courses in
medicine,
pharmacy,
theology,
philosophy and canon and civil law.
Spaniards
also
education for boys:
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➔ Social ranking was created in our
society during the Spanish regime
➔ Lower classes were victimized by
the upper classes
➔ Racial discrimination
Educational System
Mid of 19th century:
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Schools were under the control of
the friars.
Instructions
centered
on
the
teaching of fear of God and
obedience to the friars.
Indoctrination as the principal
method of teaching
Filipinos were taught that they were
of inferior intelligence and suited
only for manual work
With this method of teaching,
developed severe inferiority complex
and culture of silence
By the end of 19th century :
-
University of Santo Tomas (1611)
,founded by Dominicans and the
only existing higher education or
opened
secondary
Colegio de Santo Tomas
Colegio de San Juan de Letran
(Dominicans)
Ateneo Municipal (Jesuits)
Secondary education for girls:
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Santa Isabela;
La Concordia,
Santa Rosa; and
Santa Catalina (Manila)
Public education for the natives was also
begun.
Educational
Decree
of
1863
establishment of 1 elementary school for
boys and elementary school for girls in each
town in the Philippines.
Establishment of a normal school for the
training of the teachers with a mastery of
Spanish lanquage
WEAKNESSES OF SPANISH
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
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Over-emphasis on religion
Limited and irrelevant curriculum
Inadequate instructional facilities
Absence of academic freedom
Racial prejudice against the Filipinos
in school
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
Economic Situation
➔ The country was opened to foreign
trade 1834) - resulted rapid rise of
foreign firms in Manila.
➔ Presence of Foreign traders stimulated agricultural production
and export of sugar, rice. hemp and
tobacco.
➔ Opportunities for trade increased
Filipino contacts with foreigners and
peninsular Spaniards.
➔ Number of families who prospered
from foreign commerce and trade,
were able to send their sons for an
education in Europe.
➔ Filipinos who were educated abroad,
were able to absorb the intellectual
developments in Europe
➔ The awareness of a completely
different type of society prevalent in
Europe
made
these
European-educated
Filipinos
disenchanted with Spain.
Summary
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Political instability started after the
death of Ferdinand VII, Spain went
through a downward spiral as a
world power.
Mercantilism
is
an
economic
doctrine based on the idea that the
country's wealth and
power can be measured in its
stocks of gold and silver
Galleon trade began in 1565, a trade
between Manila and Acapulco
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A new middle class families were
created named "llustrados
Social structure of filipino society is
based on Liempeza de Sangre
Educational system is under the
supervision of the friars
Economic opportunity arises as
foreigners begun trading to Asia
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Week 4-5: Rizal and His Childhood
Years at Calamba
Rizals' are from what descent?
Chinese & Japanese
➢ The Mercado - Rizal Family is
considered one of the biggest
families during their time Domingo
Lam-co,
the
family's paternal
ascendant was a full-blooded
Chinese
who
came
to
the
Philippines from Amoy, China in the
closing years of the 17th century and
married a
Chinese half-breed by the name of
Ines de la Rosa.
➢ Researchers revealed that the
Mercado-Rizal family had also
traces of Japanese, Spanish,
Malay and Even Negrito blood aside
from Chinese.
➢ Jose Rizal came from a 13-member
family consisting of his parents,
Francisco Mercado Il and Teodora
Alonso Realonda, and nine sisters
and one brother.
FRANCISCO MERCADO
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
(1818-1898)
Birthdate: May 11, 1818
Birth Place: Binan City, Laguna, Philippines
Death: January 05, 1898
Birthdate: May 07, 1851
Birthplace: Calamba City, Laguna
Death: April 13, 1930 (78)
Los Baños, CALABARZON,
Occupation: Philippines (Tuberculosis)
TEODORA ALONSO
(1827-1913)
Birthdate : November 9, 1827
Birth Place: Santa Cruz, Manila
Died: August 16, 1911 (aged 83)
She was known for being a disciplinarian
and hard-working mother. Her medical
condition inspired Rizal to take up Medicine.
Saturnina Alonzo Rizal (Mercado)
Also Known As: "Neneng'
Birthdate: June 04, 1850 (63)
Birthplace: Calamba City, Laguna
Death: September 14, 1913 (63)
Immediate Family:
Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage.
Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of
Tanauan, Batangas.
Paciano Rizal
Also Known As: "Ciano'
Revolutionary General &
Gentleman Farmer,
Place of Burial: Manila, NCR, Philippines
Immediate Family:
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second
child Studied at San Jose College in Manila;
became a farmer and later a general of the
Philippine Revolution.
Narcisa Alonzo Rizal
Birthdate: October 29, 1852
Death: June 24, 1939 (86)
Immediate Family:
The third child. married Antonio Lopez at
Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.
Olympia Alonso Rizal
Birthdate: 1855
Death: August 1887 (32)
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
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(Childbirth)
Immediate Family:
The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo;
died in 1887 from childbirth
Lucia Alonzo Rizal
Concepcion Alonzo Rizal
Birthdate: 1862
Death: 1865
Immediate Family:
The eight child. Died at the age of three.
Birthdate: 1857
Death: 1919 (62)
Josefa Alonzo Rizal
Immediate Family:
Birthdate: 1865
The fifth child. Married Mariano Herbosa.
Death: 1945 (80)
Maria Alonzo Rizal
Immediate Family:
The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.
Birthdate: 1859
Death: 1945 (86)
Trinidad Alonzo Rizal
Immediate Family:
Birthdate: 1868
The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
Death: 1951 (83)
Jose Rizal
Immediate Family:
The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last
of the family to die.
Born : June 19, 1861 Calamba, Laguna
Died: December 30, 1896 (aged 35)
Bagumbayan, Manila, Spanish Philippines
Cause of death: Execution by firing squad
Monument: Luneta Park, Manila,Calamba,
Laguna, Daet, Camarines Norte, Carson,
California
Other names : Pepe, Jose (nicknames)
SOLEDAD ALONSO RIZAL
Birthdate: 1870
Death: 1929 (59)
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Immediate Family:
The youngest child married Pantaleon
Quintero.
Ancestry Paternal Side
➢ Rizal came from a mixture of races.
Domingo
Lamco great-great grandfather a
Chinese merchant /immigrant from
Chang chow "China's City of
Spring", he was married to Ines De
la Rosa a wealthy Chinese mestiza.
➢ He assumed the surname Mercado
in keeping with the gubernatorial
decree of Narciso Claveria on the
use of Spanish surname in the
Philippines by all Spanish in the
colony to free their children from
prejudices
associated
with
a
Chinese surname
➢ From Paria Manila, they moved to
Biñan ending up as tenants in the
Dominican
hacienda.Juan
Mercado-Rizal's grandfather married
Chinese-Filipino
Mestiza-Cirila
Alejandro. They had 14 children, one
of whom is Don Francisco
➢ The couple have 5 children one of
them was Doña Teodora
Childhood Days and Memories
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
Ancestry Maternal Side
➢ Descendants of Lakan Dula
➢ Manuel de Quintos, Rizals great
grandfather, a Chinese Mestizo from
Lingayen
Pangasinan.
Manuel
married Regina Ursua, a woman
with Japanese ancestry.
➢ One of their daughters, Brigida
married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso.
●
●
The first memory of Rizal, in his
childhood, was his happy days in the
family garden.
Because he was frail, sickly, and
undersized child, he was given the
most tender care by his parents.
His father built a nipa cottage in the
garden for him to play in the
daytime.
Another childhood memory was the
daily Angelus prayer.
By nightfall, Rizal related, his mother
gathered all the children at the
house to pray the Angelus.
With nostalgic feeling, he also
remembered the happy moonlit
nights at the azotea after the rosary.
The aya (maid) related stories to
Rizal children man stories about
fairies; tales of buried treasure and
trees with blooming diamonds, and
other fabulous stories.
Sometimes, when he did not like to
take his supper, the aya would
threaten him that the aswang, the
nuno, the tikbalang, or a terrible
bearded Bombay would come to
take him away if he would not eat his
supper.
Another memory of his childhood
was the nocturnal walk in the town,
especially when there was a moon.
Recounting
this
childhood
experience, Rizal wrote: "Thus my
heart fed on sombre and melancholy
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
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DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
●
●
●
●
thoughts so that even still a child, I
already wandered on wings of
fantasy in the high regions of the
unknown".
On June 6, 1868, Jose and his
father left for Calamba to go on a
pilgrimage to Antipolo, in order to
fulfill his mother's vow which was
made when Rizal was born.
He was thrilled, as a typical boy
should, by his first lake voyage. He
did not sleep the whole night as the
casco sailed towards the Pasig River
because he was awed by the
magnificence of the watery expanse
and the silence of the night.
After praying at the shrine of the
Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his
father went to Manila.
They visited Saturnina, who was
then a boarding student at La
Concordia College in Sta. Ana.
The Hero's First Sorrow
❖ The Rizal children were
bound together by the ties of
love and companionship.
Their parents taught them to
love one another, to behave
properly in front of elders, to
be truthful and religious, and
to help one another.
❖ Jose was jokingly called
"Ute" by his brother and
sisters.
The people in
Calamba knew him as
"Pepe" or "Pepito"
❖ Of his sisters, Jose loved
most
little
Concha
(Concepcion). He was one
vear older than Concha. He
played with her, and from
her,
he
learned
the
sweetness of brotherly love.
❖ Unfortunately, Concha died
of sickness in 1865 when he
was 3 years old. Jose, who
was very fond of her, cried
bitterly to lose her.
Early Demonstration of Inborn Talents
Artistic Talents
●
●
●
●
●
Since early childhood Rizal revealed
his God-given talents for the arts.
He drew sketches and pictures on
his books of his sisters, for which
reason he was scolded by his
mother.
He carved figures of animals and
persons out of wood.
At five years of age, for without any
assistance from others he began to
draw with his pencil and to mold in
wax or clay an obiect he saw about
him.
Even before he learned to read, he
could already sketch pictures of
birds, flowers, fruits, rivers,
mountains, animals and persons.
Prodigy of the Pen
●
●
Not only was little Jose skilled in
brush, chisel, and pen-knife, but also
in pen.
He was born poet. His mother
encouraged him to write poetry
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DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
●
●
At an early age when children
usually begin to learn ABC, he was
already writing poems.
The first known poem that he wrote
was a Tagaloq poem entitled Sa
Aking Mga Kababata (To My Fellow
Children.
two-and- half years because of
young Soledad.
Preparation for Formal Schooling
The Hero's First Teacher
●
The First Taste of Injustice
●
➢ Jose Alberto, Dona Teodora's
brother
found
his
children
abandoned and his wife living with
another man.
➢ Dona
Teodora
advised
and
convinced Jose Alberto not to
divorce his wife as he announced
due to them being a devout Catholic
and to avoid public scandal.
➢ The wife was in no way repentant
and resented the reconciliation.
➢ Jose Alberto frequented Dona
Teodora in Calamba to which the
wife interpreted as they were plotting
something criminal against her.
➢ The wife filed a case against Dona
Teodora and her brother Don Jose
Alberto and with the connivance of
Spanish Lieutenant of quardia civil
and assistance of Antonio Vivencio
del Rosario, Gobernadorcilio of
Calamba, succeeded in arresting
Dona Teodora. Forced to walk from
Calamba to Sta.Cruz. (50km.)
➢ Dona Teodora was defended by
Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel
Marzan, most famous lawyers of
Manila.
➢ She was acquitted by Manila Royal
Audiencia and was released after
Doña Teodora was Jose's first
non-formal teacher
On her lap, Jose learned prayers
and the alphabet at the age of three
Summary
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
The Mercado - Rizal Family is
considered one of the biggest
families during their time
Rizal came from a mixture of races.
Domingo
Lamco
great-great
grandfather a
Chinese merchant /immigrant from
China
Descendants of Lakan Dula
Alot of happy memories he
remembered during his childhood
days
Jose and his father left for Calamba
to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo, in
order to fulfill his mother's vow which
was made when Rizal was born
His first sorrow was when his
beloved sister Concha died
He already displayed his inborn
talents at a very young age
His first sorrow was when his mother
was sent to jail for 2 and half year for
frame up and walk for a about 50 km
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
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MIDTERMS
Week 7: Formal Schooling at a Village
School; Formal Search for Knowledge
at Ateneo Municipal
EARLY EDUCATION
●
school
equipped
him
with
competencies
for
secondary
schooling in Manila.
He returned to his hometown on
December
17, 1870
Private Tutors of Rizal
➢ Maestro Celestino was Jose's first
private tutor
➢ Maestro Lucas Padua was the
second private tutor
➢ Maestro Leon Monroy became the
hero's tutor in Spanish and Latin. He
was the classmate of Don Francisco.
RIZAL IN ATENEO MUNICIPAL:
Educational System
LIFE AT BINAN
●
●
●
●
●
●
He had a very discipline and
systematic life
Paciano accompanied him on his trip
to Binan. They proceeded to their
Aunt's house.
He was introduced to Maestro
Justiniano Cruz
He demonstrated his intellectual
superiority and emerges as the best
in his class in Latin, Spanish and the
rest of the subjects (elementary).
Because of this, he often had duel
with his classmates
He also took painting life under
Maestro Cruz' father-in-law Old
Juancho)
The rigorous life that Rizal had as an
elementary pupil at the village
❖ He took entrance examination at the
Colegio de San Juan de Letran on
June 10,1872.
❖ He sought admission at the Ateneo
Municipal. Thanks to Father Magin
Fernando ( College Registrar) he
was admitted eventhough:
● late registrant
● very frail and undersized for his age
❖ He registered under the name of
JOSE RIZAL.
❖ They offered a program that entitle a
student " Bachiller en Artes"
❖ It offers the best secondary school. It
trained the character of every
student through rigid discipline and
religious instructions.
❖ They were required to hear masses
in the morning before the start of
classes.
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❖ Atenean teachers enforced a
program of dividing a class into two
competing empires: Romans and
Carthaginians.
Roman Empire (boarding students
at Ateneo);
Carthaginians
(non-boarding
students)
❖ Both empires had their ranks and
dignitaries namely: emperor, tribune,
decurion, centurion and standard
bearer.
❖ The Method of instruction was "ratio
studiorum"-a
system
of
indoctrination under tight and
constant discipline
❖ Their aim " Ad maiorem Dei Gloriam
or For the greater glory of God* teachers was to make lifelong
Catholics.
❖ Students life was centered on the
chapel, with membership in religious
confraternities as the highest level of
extra-curricular activities.
❖ Rizal passed oral examination on
March 14, 1877. He graduated with
the degree, Bachiller en Artes", with
the highest academic honors.
❖ Rizal's academic triumph at Ateneo
can be attributed to 3 factors
namely: racial pride, monastic
discipline and seclusion of boarding
school life.
Extra-curricular Activities
-
officer
in
Religious
confraternities
Academy
of
Spanish
Literature and Academy of
Natural
Sciences
-
literature
Poetry writing ( Francis
Francisco paula de Sanchez)
took lesson in Spanish
Painting (Agustin Saez) and
Sculpture (Romualdo
Gymnastics and Fencing
Some of the Literary Works of Dr. Rizal
at Ateneo Municipal
MI PRIMERA INSPIRACION (My first
Inspiration) dedicated by Rizal to his
mother on the occasion of the latter's natal
day, which according to some was allegedly
written by his cousin.
AL NIÑO JESUS ( To the Child Jesus) His
expression of devotion to Catholicism,
which his mother implanted in his heart and
was strengthened by his schooling at
Ateneo.
UN RECUERDO DE MI PUEBLO ( In
Memory of my Town) his way of paying
homage to his birthplace, Calamaba. He
never forget the tranquility of his hometown.
THROUGH EDUCATION THE COUNTRY
RECEIVES LIGHT that the people have to
seek knowledge. They need to seek
knowledge in order to become enlightened
individuals. who could be instrumental in
elevating the country into a position of
prestige and honor.
LA ALIANZA INTIMA SOBRE RELIGION Y
LA BUENA EDUCATION ( The Intimate
Alliance between Religion and Good
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
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Education) stressed the importance of
religion to education. Religion serves as a
quide and nourishment to true education.
Summary
●
●
●
He displayed his intellectual
superiority in his early education
when he enroll at a village school in
Binan, Laguna
He entered Ateneo Municipal as late
registrant with the name Jose Rizal
He also emerges as the best student
in and earned the Degree Bachiller
en Artes
Week 8: Rizal at the Dominican
University of the Philippines
-
In April 1877, Rizal at 16 years old,
entered University of Santo Tomas.
He seek the advice of Fr. Pablo
Ramon-Rector of the Ateneo, who
have been good to him during his
student days, on the right choice for
a career
2 reasons why he enrolled Philosophy
and Letters:
●
●
His father liked it
He was not sure what career to
pursue
➔ However, he shifted to Medicine
specializing in Ophthalmology when
he found out that his mother was
going blind
➔ In
1877-78,
Rizal
studied
Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy,
and History of Philosophy.
➔ In 1878-79 took up the medical
course.
➔ Rizal was unhappy at this Dominican
Institution
of
higher
learning
because:
1. the Dominican professors were
hostile to him
2. the Filipino students were racially
discriminated against by the
Spaniards
3. the method of instruction was
obsolete and
repressive
➔ After finishing the fourth year of his
medical course, Rizal decided to
study in Spain. He could no longer
endure
the
rampant
bigotry,
discrimination, and the hostility in the
University of Santo Tomas.
Like any of us, Dr. Rizal fell in love with
these lovely ladies:
Leonor "Orang" Valenzuela
Rizal was infatuated
Katigbak from Batangas
●
●
●
●
with
Segunda
RIZal met Leonor when he was a
sophomore student at the University
of Santo Tomas.
Sheg next door to Rizal's boarding
house.
Sweetheart of Rizal, Romances
lasted one year
A medical student from Calamba,
Laguna the charming daughter of
Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday
Valenzuela.
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●
Rizal sent Leonor a love notes
written in invisible ink
Leonor Rivera
●
●
 he beautiful daughter of his
T
landlord Antonio Rivera.
Tender romances lasted 11 vears
(1879-1890)
staged by the Academy of Spanish
Literature members on December 8, 1880. Rizal wrote it to honor "Nuestra Senora dela
Paz y Buenviaje de Antipolo " (Our Lady of
Peace and Good Voyage).
Education in Europe
●
IMPORTANT LITERARY WORKS AS
A UNIVERSITY STUDENT
A LA JUVENTUD FILIPINA
A poem written in Spanish by Filipino writer
and patriot José Rizal, first presented in
1879 in Manila, while he was studying at the
University of Santo Tomas.
"A La Juventud Filipina" was written by
Rizal when he was only eighteen ears old,
and was dedicated to the Filipino youth
which he described as "the fair hope of my
motherland"
●
●
Summary
●
EL CONSEJO DE LOS DIOSES
A play written in Spanish by Filipino writer
and national hero Jose Rizal published in La
Solidaridad in 1883.
El Conseio de los Dioses was written by
Rizal when he was only nineteen years old,
and reveals the humanistic education of the
Philippines at the time and his answer to
scholasticism.
JUNTO AL PASIG
A one-act zarzuela in Spanish written by the
Philippine national hero. Jose Rizal, was
He traveled alone to Madrid in May
1882 to continue his studies in
Medicine at the Universidad Central
de Madrid
He also took up Licentiate in
Medicine in 1884 and
Degree of Philosophy and Letters in
1885
25-year-old Rizal completed in 1887
his eye specialization under the
renowned Prof. Otto Becker in
Heidelberg
●
●
Rizal took up Philosophy and Letters
because of his father's choice and
uncertainty of
what career to pursue.
He shifted to Medicine specializing
in Ophthalmology when he found out
that his mother was going blind
Rizal has poor academic
performance in UST because of his
unhappiness caused by hostility,
discrimination and obsolete methods
of instruction
Week 9: NOLI ME TANGERE: A
Diagnosis of Filipino Society
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Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal's friend
➢ " Your work, as we Germans say,
has been written with blood and
heart. Your work has exceeded my
hopes and I consider myself
fortunate and happy to have been
honored with your friendship......
➢ In Berlin, Rizal found himself
penniless. No stipend was received
from his family because of crop
failures in Calamba. To survive, he
pawned his diamond ring given to
him by his sister Saturnina and sell
his book to second hand bookstores,
he thought of burning the manuscript
of his first novel which he had
completed.
➢ Nonetheless, the publication of Noli
gave him great joy despite the hard
life at Berlin.
●
The Wandering Jew (Eugene Sue)
• This novel made a great impression on
Rizal. According to Ouirino, the literary form
of the book could had probably been used
by Rizal as his model to arouse the feeling
against existing Philippine situation and
communicate to the Filipinos the ideals he
wanted them to embrace
Writing of the Noli Me Tangere
●
Ideas on Writing a Novel about the
Philippines
Luna's Spolarium
●
●
●
●
This canvas conveyed the plight of
the vanquished and the pathetic
suffering of the human race
A reflection of the spirit of social,
moral, and political life of his time
Depicting the country to be
redeemed from bondage and
repression
Uncle Tom's Cabin (Harriet Beecher
Stowe)
●
The novel portrayed the brutalities
committed by the American
slave-owners against their
Negro slaves
The novel provided Rizal the
springboard to write a novel
portraying vividly the miseries of
Filipinos under the oppressive rule of
the Spanish tyrants
●
●
●
●
At the outset, the novel was
UNTITLED. Later on, he decoded to
call his first literary masterpiece Noli
Me Tangere. The title can be
translated into English as "Touch Me
Not"
The aforementioned label has a
biblical basis.
"as those words were the ones
uttered by Jesus
Christ to Mary Magdalene when the
latter visited his tomb before sunrise
of Easter Sundav"
Rizal deemed it appropriate to use
the said title as his novel contained
delicate things nobody wanted to
talk about it touch during his time.
He therefore, trod where angels fear
to tread by exposing the evils of the
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
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DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
●
●
Church and the State, which were
hazardous to touch.
The novel came off the press on
March 21, 1887 with the financial
assistance of Maximo Viola
Notable among his purposes for
writing then novel were the following:
To picture the past and the
realities of the Philippines
- To reply to the insults heaped
on the Filipinos and the
country
- Unmask the hypocrisy that
have impoverished and
brutalized the Filipino people
- To stir patriotism of the
Filipino people
Suggested Noli Me Tangere Plot:
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/noli-me-tangere/
summarv
https://www.tagaloglang.com/noli-me-tanger
e-english-summary/
Characters in the Noli Me Tangere
Juan Crisostomo Ibarra
➢ Main character of the novel. He
represented the affluent and liberal
European-educated Filipino
Elias
➢ Represented the Filipino masses in
the novel through him.
➢ Common people who did everything
to vindicate them from the iniustices
suffered from the Spaniard
Maria Clara
➢ Ibarra's obiect of love and affection,
represented the Filipino womanhood
trained in a convent and immersed
in education basically religious in
orientation
Don Rafael Ibarra
➢ He was jailed for helping a young
boy being harmed by Spanish tax
collector
➢ He symbolize an affluent landlord
with a social conscience
Doña Victorina
➢ Social climber, wife of Don Tiburcio
Espadaña
➢ She symbolize the colonial mentality
among some Filipinos during her
time
Doña Patrocinio
➢ Imprudent, vulgar, cruel and
quarrelsome
➢ She symbolize the mentality of
Guardia
Civil
Sisa
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➢ Mother of Basilio and Crispin who
lost her mental balance upon
learning to his sons
➢ She illustrates the typical Filipino
mothers, fully cognizant of the
attributes of their sons and
daughters, willing to defend them
from all forms of injustices and
accusations.
Capitan Tiago (Don Anastacio delos
Santos)
➢ His wealth was derived from his
involvement in illegal opium trade.
➢ He represented the subservient
Filipino to the authorities to protect
his personal and business interest
Pilosopo Tasyo
➢ He represented Rizal's epitome of a
philosopher.
➢ He was perceived to be sage by the
educated and a weird or lunatic by
those who did not know him
The School Master of San Diego
➢ He
symbolized
intellectual
dissatisfaction in Filipino society
during Rizal's time.
➢ Although the novel is a work of
fiction, the characters used by Rizal
were persons actually existed during
those times.
● Maria Clara - Leonor Rivera
● Tasvo - Paciano (his brothe)
● Capitan Tiago - Captain Hilario
Sunico of San Nicolas
●
●
●
Doña Victorina - Doña Augustina
Medel
Basilio and Crispin - Crisostomo
brother of Hagonoy, Bulacan
Padre Damaso - Typical abusive
friar during Rizal's time
Rizal's Diagnosis of Filipino Society
Three (3) Reasons of Rizal
1. The agrarian problem between the
tenants and the Dominicans
2. The influence of the Spanish
anti-clericalism
3. Political situation in 1886 and 1872
● Filipino Society Friars were the
enemies of reform, progress and
justice
● Was Rizal correct in his analysis?
● 70 year after the publication of Noli,
the research undertaken by the
Catholics on Philippine political
situation confirmed the veracity of
Rizal's contention
● The friars wielded so much powers
● As cited by Guerrero (1998), Jana's
study of Philippine institution, the
parish priest in each town can be
described as a sword of Damocles
hanging the over the head of
authority- town Mayor.
● Local election was controlled and
manipulated
First Reactions to the Noli
Prior to the publication of his novel, a
number of works of Filipino writers from
1882 to 1896 were produced.
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1. Antonio Regidor, a Filipino exile for his
alleged complicity in 1872 uprising
-
" The book is superior. If Don Quijote
has made clear its author immortal
because he exposed to the world the
suffering of Spain, your Noli Me
Tangere will bring you equal glory"
(National
Heroes
Commission,
1963)
Terrero and summoned Rizal to
Malacañang Palace.
4. Fr. Salvador Font
-
-
2. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rizal's friend
-
" Your work, as we Germans say,
has been written with blood and
heart. Your work has exceeded my
hopes and I consider myself
fortunate and happy to have been
honored with your friendship. Not
only I but your country, may feel
happy for having you, a patriotic and
loyal son. If you continue so, you will
be to your people one of those great
men
who
will
exercise
a
determinative influence over the
progress of their spiritual life"
(National centennial Commission,
1961)
Summary
●
●
●
●
●
3. Archbishop Payo
●
-
-
Found the book heretical, impious
and scandalous in its religious
aspect; unpatriotic, subversive of
public order and offensive to
government of Spain.
He then forwarded the report of the
committee to Gov. gen. Emilio
With no concrete action from Gov.
Gen.
Terrero, he asked the Permanent
Commission on censorship to decide
on the fate of the novel
He recommended the prohibition of
the importation, reproduction, and
circulation of the pernicious books in
the Philippines (Palma, 1949)
Writing the Noli Me Tangere was
based on the ideas on the
Spolarium, Uncle Tom's Cabin and
the Wandering Jew
The title of the novel was based on a
biblical setting
The novel came off the press on
March 21, 1887 with the financial
assistance of Maximo Viola
The characters used by Rizal were
persons actually existed during
those times.
As to Rizal, the friars were the
enemy of the country.
After the publication of the novel
Rizal's friends Regidor and
Blumentritt were the first to
congratulate him
Week 10: From Calamba to Europe For
the Second Time
AWESOME FACTS
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
Rizal in Hong Kong
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Seiko Usui
O-Sei-San signifies harmony, purity,
tranquility and reverence for Dr.
Rizal.He got tempted to stay in
Japan for good but he felt that he
had other duties to fulfil for his
country.
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Rizal's Life Abroad
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Rizal boarded the Zafiro from Manila
to Hong Kong. He arrived on Feb. 8,
1888.
While in Hong Kong, he wrote to
Blumentritt about what happened to
him when he stayed in his
hometown which dated Feb. 16,
1888. Part of it was:
- "At last I can write freely. At
last I can express my
thoughts without fear of
censorship from the chief!
They forced me to leave my
country. Half sick I left the
house."
He met Jose Maria Basa, Babino
Mauricio and other exiles in Hong
Kong. He was depressed that the
government prohibited the Filipinos
to return to Manila.
He became acquainted with
important Spaniards while in Honq
Kong like Barranda who is Terrero's
secretary. He was accompanied by
him to Macau.
Some of his observations about
Hong Kong were as follow:
- The celebration of the
Chinese New Year was quite
very noise due to continuous
fireworks explosion.
- Chinese theatres are usually
animated due to the
percussion instruments used
by the participants.
- The lauriat party, where the
guests were served a variety
of dishes, showed lavishness
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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and hospitality among the
Chinese
- The Dominican Order, the
richest religion order in Hong
Kong, had millions of dollars
deposited in banks earning
high interests. The graveyard
for Catholics, Protestants
and Muslims were well
maintained.
Rizal left Hong Kong on Feb. 22,
1888 on the vessel SS Oceania
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Rizal in Japan
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Rizal arrived in Japan on Feb. 28,
1888 through Yokohama and stayed
at Tokyo Hotel for a few days. Then
he stayed at the Spanish Legation
for a month.
This was the time when Rizal
learned Nihonggo and dedicated
time to study
Japanese art and culture.
Rizal observed Japan and were
impressed by the following:
1. The scenic beauty of the country.
2 .The cleanliness, politeness and
industry of the people.
3. The picturesque dress and
simple charm of the Japanese
women.
4. The existence of few thieves in
Japan.
5. The beggars rarely seen in the
streets of he city
Nonetheless, Rizal was disgusted
seeing Japanese men pulling the
kuruma (rickshaw).
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The romance began when Rizal
moved to the Spanish Legation. He
saw her walk near the gate. With
that, he got charmed with her beauty
and tried to find a way by finding a
way to meet and know her.
He learned from the gardener that
her name is Seiko Usui. He also
learned that she lives with her
parents and passes by the legation
every afternoon.
Rizal saw the ideals of womanhood
like beauty, charm, intelligence and
modesty in her and that made him
too much attracted to Seiko.
The friendship then turned into a
love affair. They both had good
mutual perception amongst each
other. To Seiko, Rizal was a man of
versatile talents, gallant, has dignity
and courteous.
With their blossoming affair,
O-Sei-San even invited Rizal to a
cha-no-yu (Tea Ceremony) which
signifies harmon, purity tranquility
and reverence.
With that being said, Rizal got
tempted to stay in Japan for good
but he felt that he had other duties to
fulfil for his country so he left Japan
and 0-Sei-San.
Rizal in US
●
Rizal left Japan by mid-Apr. 1888
and arrived in the US on Apr. 28,
1888 boarding the steamer Belgic.
However, he and the other
passengers weren't allowed to
disembark until May 4, 1888. They
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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were quarantined because the ship
carried 600 Chinese.
Elections were being held that time
and to gather votes, they made a
drama where they adopted
measures against Chinese to
capture the sympathies of the
people.
After the said incident, the first class
passengers (including Rizal) were
allowed to get off, while the
Japanese and Chinese were
retained for a longer period.
Rizal entered the US via San
Francisco, CA and he stayed at
Palace Hotel. After his two-day stay,
he went to Oakland, CA and passed
through Sacramento, Reno, Ogden,
Omaha, Chicago and Albany to
reach New York.
On May 24, 1888 Rizal left New
York, NY for Liverpool, England
on-board the vessel City of Rome.
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Rizal in London
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Observations of Rizal about the USA
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Positive Impressions
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The material progress of the country.
The drive and the energy of the
American people.
The natural beauty of the land.
The high standard of living.
The opportunities for better life
offered to poor immigrants.
Negative Impressions
Non-existence of true civil liberty, as
a Negro cannot marry an American
and vice-versa.
The existence of racial prejudice, as
shown in their hatred of the Chinese,
Japanese and Negroes.
The valuing of money over human
life.
●
Rizal arrived in Liverpool on May 24,
1888. He stayed overnight at
Adelphi Hotel then moved to
London.
He resided there from May 1888 to
March 1889.
He opted to make it his second
home for the following reasons:
To improve his knowledge of the
English language.
To study and annotate Morga's
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
To carry on his fight against Spanish
tyranny safely
Upon arriving, he stayed as a guest
at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor's place, a
practicing lawyer and an exile of
1872. Then he lived as a boarder of
the Beckett Family at No. 37 Chalcot
Crescent Primrose Hill.
Rizal became acquainted with Dr.
Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was he
who recommended Rizal to be
allowed to undertake research at the
British Museum. With that, he was
able to spend time reading Morga's
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
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Romance with Gertrude Beckett
Rizal
Rizal became attracted to Gertrude,
who was also known as Tottie and
Sissie.
She was shorter than Rizal and
chubby like Segunda Katigbak.
Rizal falling in love with Seiko then
with Gertrude implied that he was
not desperately in love with Leonor
Rivera.
Two things attracted her to Rizal:
propinquity and happy family.
Rizal suppressed his feelings
towards her when he learned that
she was falling for him. tyranny
safely.
Fables, which compared the
Japanese folklore to Philippine
folklore.
Short Visit to Paris and Madrid
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Other Writings in London
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Rizal wrote an essay entitled La
Vision del Fray Rodriguez - in reply
to the attacks made by Fr. Rodriguez
on the Noli Me Tangere. He was
able to demonstrate his profound
knowledge of religion and biting
satire.
He also wrote Letter to The Young
Women in Malolos. This was
requested by Marcelo H. Del Pilar to
commend the young women of
Malolos for their courage to establish
a school where they could learn
Spanish.
Rizal contributed two articles in the
Trubner's Record, a journal devoted
to the literature of the East. The first
is called Specimens of Tagal
Folklore which consists of 14
proverbs, 8 puzzles and 2 verses.
The second is called Two Eastern
●
He went to Paris on Sept. 1888 in
search for historical materials in the
Bibliotheque Nationale.
Juan Luna and Paz Pardo de Tavera
- Luna acted as his host during his
stay.
After his search for manuscripts and
books, he returned to London.
He went to Madrid and Barcelona on
Dec. 11, 1888.
He contacted his fellow expatriates
and assessed the extend of their
agitation for reforms.
He got acquainted with Marcelo H.
Del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, whom
he vowed cooperation for the
struggle for reforms.
Founding of Asociacion La Solidaridad
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Rizal learned the plan of the Filipino
expatriates in Barcelona to establish
a patriotic society that shall work for
reforms
from
the
Spanish
government which was called
Asociacion La Solaridad. It was
established Dec. 31, 1888.
On Feb. 15, 1889, Rizal was
informed of the organ of the
Propaganda Movement by Graciano
Lopez-Jaena which was called La
Solidaridad.
Its aims were:
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
-
-
To work peacefully for
political and social reforms
To portray the deplorable
conditions of the Philippines
for Spain to remedy them
To oppose the evil forces of
reaction and medievalism
To advocate liberal ideas and
progress
To champion the legitimate
aspirations of the Filipino
people to life, democracy and
happiness
DID YOT KNOW?
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When Rizal arrived in Paris it was
extremely difficult for a visitor to find
a living quarter. It is because of the
approaching Universal Exposition of
1889 which attracted thousands of
tourists so all hotel accommodations
were taken.
The cost of living spiraled high
because the French landlords took
advantage of the event.
In 1890, the annotated edition of Antonio
Morga's Sucesos, printed by Garnes Feres,
came out. There were two (2) major errors
in the book which was corrected:
-
Rizal and Paris Exposition of 1889
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Valentin Ventura
●
#45 Rue Maubeuge, where Rizal
stayed for a while. In his house,
Rizal polished his annotated edition
of Morga's book.
He used most of his time in the
reading room of the National Library
checking
up
his
historical
annotations of Morga's book.
The Paris Exposition was opened on
May 6,1889
Jose Rizal, Felix R. Hidalgo, Juan
Luna and Felix Pardo de Tavera
participated in the international art
competition.
Rizal's entry was a bust, but did not
win
Luna, Hidalgo and Pardo de
Tavera's entries copped major
awards
Indios Bravos
●
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In the appraisal of the events of the
past in the light of present standards
His inferences on the Church which
were unfair since the faults and the
cruelty of the friars did not mean the
cruelty of the church
●
Brave Soldiers
Replaced Kidlat Club
Its members pledged to excel in
intellectual and physical prowess in
order to win the admiration of the
foreigners particularly the Spaniards.
Rizal taught them Judo - an Asian
art that he learned while he was in
Japan.
RDLM Society
●
Redencion de los Malayas (
Redemption of the Malays)
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
●
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Rizal rigidly guarded its secret
existence
Patterned from Masonry
Aim to propagate all useful
knowledge
(scientific, artistic, literary) in the
Philippines
Summary
➢ He traveled alone to Madrid in May
1882 to continue his studies in
Medicine at the Universidad Central
de Madrid
➢ He went to HongKong, Japan, US,
Paris, Spain and London
➢ He is one of the founders of
Asossacion La Solidaridad
Week 11: Rizal's Legacy to Young
Filipino Women
-
In all his writings, Rizal alluded to
women as wives and mothers, the
fountainhead of values, to insure the
stability of the nation through the
youth that they nature and educate
into useful and civic-spirited citizens
- the hope of the fatherland (De
Guzman 1975). His legacy to young
Filipino women can be gleaned from
his famous letter to the young
women of Malolos.
December 12, 1888
A group of women of Malolos petitioned
Governor-General Weyler for permission to
open a night school so that they may study
Spanish under Teodoro Sandiko.
1. Alberta Tanacov
2. Paz Tiongson
3. Teresa and Natia Tontoco
4. Feliciana Tiongson
5. Merced Tiongson
6. Eugenia and Aurea Tanchangco
7. Agapita Tiongson
8. Leoncia and Olympia Reyes
9. Basilia Tionason
10. Maria Delos Rayes
Father Felipe Garcia
-
objected resulting into the turning
down of the petition by the
governor-general.
●
They triumphed in the end and were
granted permission to their project
on the condition that Senorita
Guadalupe Reyes should be their
teacher.Praising
these
young
women for their bravery, Marcelo H
Del Pilar requested Rizal to write a
letter commending them for their
extraordinary courage.
February 22, 1889 - Rizal sent Del
Pilar to the letter for transmittal to
the young women of Malolos.
●
RIZAL'S LETTER TO THE YOUNG
WOMEN OF MALOLOS
-
This letter was written in Tagalog,
while Rizal was in London, upon the
request of Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
RIZAL'S MESSAGE TO FILIPINO
WOMEN
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
-
Rizal expressed satisfaction for what
the young women of Malolos fought
for. His frustration over Filipino
Women's gave way to bright hopes
for the future, as gleaned from the
following portion of his letter to the
young women of Malolos.
"Now that you have responded to our
vehement clamor for public welfare; now
that you have shown a good example to
fellow young women who like you, desire to
have their eyes opened and to be lifted from
their prostration, our hope is roused, now
we are confident of victory.
The Filipino women, no longer bows her
head and bends her knees her hope in the
future is revived; gone is the mother who
helps to keep her daughter in the dark who
educates her in self-contempt and moral
annihilation, it is no longer the highest
wisdom to bow the head to every unjust
order; the highest goodness to smile at an
insult to seek solace in humble tears etc.
etc.
God gave each one his own mind and his
own conscience so that he can distinquish
between right and wrong. All men are born
without chains, free and no one can subject
the will and spirit of another".
Why would you submit to another you noble
and free thought? It is cowardice and an
error to believe that blind obedience is
ignorance and not goodness and honor.
God, fountain of wisdom, does not expect
man, created in his image to allow himself
to be fooled and blinded. The gift of reason
with which we are endowed must be
brightened and utilized.
We shall not falter if vou help us. God will
help us to dispel the mist for he is the god of
truth and the former brilliance of the Filipino
women will be restored undiminished. She
lacks nothing but a free mind for she has an
excess of goodness.
Responsibilities of Filipino Mothers to
their Children
Rizal was very certain as to the duties
mothers should fulfill to their children.
These duties are:
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To raise children close to the image
of God;
To awaken and prepare the mind of
the child for every good and
desirable idea;
And to teach children to prefer death
with honor to life with dishonor.
Rizal also stressed the need for mothers
to educate their children on the following
values:
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Love for honor
Love for one's fellowmen
Clear mind
Respect for God
Sincere and firm character
Clear conduct
Noble action
QUALITIES
POSSESS
MOTHERS
HAVE
TO
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
Rizal enumerates the qualities Filipino
mothers have to possess:
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Be a noble wife
Rear her children in the service of
the state here Rizal gives reference
to the women of Sparta who embody
this quality
Set standards of behavior for men
around her.
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RIZAL'S ADVICE TO UNMARRIED MEN
AND WOMEN
●
Jose Rizal points out to unmarried
women that they should not be
easily taken by appearances and
looks, because these can be very
deceiving. Instead, they should take
heed of men's firmness of character
and lofty ideas. Rizal further adds
that there are three things that a
young woman must look for a man
she intends to be her husband:
- A noble and honored name
- A manly heart
- A high spirit incapable of
being satisfied with
engendering slaves.
RIZAL'S REMINDERS ON EQUALITY,
SELF RESPECT AND TRUE SPIRIT OF
RELIGION
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The tyranny of some is possible only
through cowardice and negligence
on the part of others.
What makes one contemptible is
lack of dignity and abiect fear of one
who holds one in contempt.
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Ignorance is servitude, because as a
man thinks, so he is; a man who
does not think for himself and allows
himself to be guided by the thought
of another is like a beast led by a
halter.
He who loves his independence
must first aid his fellowman, because
he who refuses protection to others
will find himself without it.
If the Filipina will not change her
mode of being, let her rear no more
children, let her merely give birth to
them. She must cease to be the
mistress of the home, otherwise she
will unconsciously betray husband,
child, native, land and all.
All men are born equal, naked,
without bonds. God did not create
man to be a slave; nor did he endow
him with intelligence to have him
hoodwinked or adorn him with
reason to have deceived by others.
Consider well what kind of religion
they are teaching you. See
whether it is the will of God or
according to the teachings of Christ
that the poor be succored and those
who suffer alleviated.
SUMMARY
1. Filipino mothers should teach their
children love of God, country and
fellowman.
2. Filipino mothers should be glad and
honored, like Spartan mothers to
offer their sons in defense of their
country.
THE LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
PRELIMS I SEM 1 2023
BS PSYCHOLOGY I I2A I Prof. Laura
DANIELA CORRALES I REVIEWER
3. Filipino women should know how to
protect their dignity and honor.
4. Filipino women should educate
themselves aside from retaining their
good radical values.
5. Faith is not merely reciting prayers
and wearing religious pictures. It is
living the real Christian way with
good morals and manners