The Six Kingdoms - Cell Structure
1.
Although the cells of all organisms have a similar structure, variations in
the design are used to classify organisms into 6 kingdoms of life.
1.
Animalia
2.
P_____________
3.
F_____________
4.
P_____________
5.
A_____________
6.
B_____________
2.
Complete the Table below showing the main differences in the cellular
structure of these kingdoms:
KINGDOMS
Examples
Number of
cells
Archaea
Halophiles
growing in
salt lakes,
Methanogenic
archaea
growing in
cow digestive
systems
Single
circular
chromosome
in nucleoid
region
Large
vacuole
(facilitates
turgor)
Absent
Fungi
Moulds,
yeast,
mushrooms,
Present
Protista
Usually
unicellular but
sometimes
multicellular
Present
Linear
chromosomes
located in
nucleus
Present
(peptidoglycan)
Absent
Plantae
Most are
multicellular
Absent
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Animalia
Insects,
fish,
lizards,
mammals,
Unicellular
Membrane
bound
organelles
Chromosome
structure
and location
Bacteria
Absent
Present
(chitin)
Present in some
Absent
Present in some
(eg -algae)
Absent
Present in some
3.
What are the two main differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Give examples of each.
4.
Complete the Table below outlining the main differences between the Archaea
and the Bacteria (Eubacteria):
Feature
Archaea
Cell wall
Peptidoglycan absent
Chromosome
structure
Bacteria
Introns (non coding regions) are
present similar to eukaryotes
Histones present (similar to
eukaryotes)
Cell membrane
structure
Pathogenicity
RNA polymerase
(the enzyme
responsible for
transcribing DNA
into mRNA during
protein synthesis)
Habitat
Fatty acids linked to glycerol by
ester bonds
Archaea do not cause disease
Multiple complex RNA
polymerases present
Single simple RNA polymerase
present
Bacteria are ubiquitous in the
biosphere having a vast range of
habitats (eg: soil, water, living
organisms and dead organisms)