EARTH AND BEYOND
Miss. C. Jacobs.
THE EARTH MOVES
• The earth travels in an orbit around the sun while spinning on its own axis.
• The earth spins right around its own axis in 24 hours that is why we have day
and night
• It takes earth 365 days to orbit around the sun and we call this a year.
• Earth is a planet and there are 7 other planets that also move around the sun.
• Let’s complete activity 14A and B
LAYERS OF THE EARTH
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
THE SURFACE OF THE
EARTH
Is called the crust and consists of rocks even under the
(oceans) and soil.
THE MANTLE
AND
VOLCANO'S
• If we go deeper than the crust,
we reach the mantle. The mantle
is the layer that lies underneath
the crust. Mantle rock is much
hotter than the rock that is found
in the crust. The hot rock pushes
up against the crust. If there is a
weak spot in the crust, the hot
rock will burst through, and this is
how volcanos erupt.
SOIL, AIR, WATER
AND SUNLIGHT
SUPPORT LIFE ON
EARTH
• Soil forms part of the crust and
all plants need soil to grow in.
Plants also use energy from the
sun to grow and they make the
oxygen all living things need to
breath.
• Revise unit 1. Tell me about
photosynthesis. ☺
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
MAKING
COMPOST
• Activity 15G: Make your
own soil.
• Go home and gather
materials to bring to school
on Friday
• Page 243 in your study
guide.
• We will observe the
changes happening over the
timeframe of one week.
ROCKS BREAK
DUE TO:
1. Bigger rocks break into smaller
rocks when exposed to water.
2. Water can act as an acid to
crack the surface of the stone
causing small pieces to break off.
3. Small pieces of stone rubbing
together causes them to break
even smaller and eventually
become sand.
4. Let’s place a brick in vinegar and
see how the acid affects it over
a week. Activity 5E
AC T I V I T Y 1 5 F :
L O O K AT
DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
S O I L : PAG E 241
BEST SOIL FOR
FARMING
• We are making good topsoil
this term. But farmers need
topsoil all over their farms.
Nature takes about 1000 years
to create topsoil of 10cm’s
deep.
• If rain or wind removes the
topsoil layer plants cannot
grow effectively and erosion
has taken place.
3 MAIN
PARTICLES THAT
MAKE UP SOIL
1. CLAY- small grains when
rubbed between your fingers
it feels like paint
2. SLIT – smaller grains than
sand but still feels a bit rough
3. SAND- you know what it
feels like between your fingers.
Let’s perform Investigation 1
p. 247.
SOIL TYPES
• The mixture of particles and the
size of the particles determine
the soil type.
• Sandy soil can be found at the
beach. Grains of sand are course
and the soil is loose.
• Clay can be moulded and has
very fine particles that cling
together.
• Loam: mixture of clay, sand and
humus (decomposing material)
• Do revision activity on p. 261262.
SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
• We looked at different types of
soil, but did you know there are
different types of rock?
• We classify rocks depending on
how they are formed
• When sand grains form a layer
on top of each other it forms a
sediment.
• Look at the examples on p.
264-265
DEPOSITING
SEDIMENTS
• Let’s complete activity 16 A on
page 265. Observe the layers of
different colours.
• Do Activity 16B
• Let’s watch a video showing us
sedimentary rocks in the Grand
canyon.
THREE KINDS OF
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
1. Sandstone- Grains of sand
that are cemented together.
2. Shale- grains of clay
cemented together
3. Limestone- Made from
layers of shell and sea animals
that died and sank to the
bottom of the ocean.
USES OF
SEDIMENTARY
ROCK
• Limestone: Buildings and
sculptures
• Sandstone: Buildings, houses
and cathedrals. Many different
colours and can be used
decoratively.
• Shale : Raw material to make
bricks. Tiles for floors and roofs.
• Do revision activity 273-274
LESSON 17: FOSSILS
FOSSILS ARE THE PRESERVED
REMAINS OF DEAD PLANTS
AND ANIMALS.
A fossil may look the same as
the plant or animal when it was
alive, but it is not the real leaf or
bone you see. The fossil has kept
the shape (imprint) of the leaf
or bone. This rock shape is
called a fossil.
DINOSAURS
Let’s watch the video on Dinosaur
fossils and make notes in our
workbook. ☺
HTTPS://YOUTU.BE/MXLTDRD3KJE
The fossils you are seeing of the
dinosaurs are not the actual bones. ,
but it is a rock in the shape of the
dinosaurs' bones. Over millions of
years the bones turned into rock.This
means the remains of these ancient
materials are preserved in the rock.
Most of the organisms
Palaeontologists study are now
Extinct, which means they are no
longer alive.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
• They indicate what happened
on earth before we were
alive. They are the most
valuable source of information
about the prehistoric past.
WHY ARE FOSSILS SO
IMPORTANT?
• Fossils can tell us much more
than just which organisms
lived millions of years ago.
• Scientists who study fossils
can also gather information
on how these organisms grew,
what they ate, the
environment they lived in and
even some aspects of their
behaviour and how they
interacted.
LET’S MAKE OUR
OWN ROCK FOSSIL
Activity 17 A on page 279 in your study guide