INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL
SAMBALPUR
AISSCE
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2023-24
PROJECT REPORT ON
RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM
ROLL NO
:
NAME
:
CLASS
:
XII
SUBJECT
:
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SUB CODE
:
083
PROJECT GUIDE:
Mr PRAFULLA KUMAR GOUDA
PGT (CS)
INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL, SAMBALPUR
CERTIFICATE
This
is
to
No:
certify
that
has
successfully
Roll
completed the project Work entitled RAILWAY
RESERVATION SYSTEM in the subject Computer Science (083) laid down in the regulations of CBSE
for the purpose
of
Sambalpur on
Practical
Examination in
Class XII to be held in Indian Public School,
.
(Mr. Prafulla Kumar Gouda )
PGT Comp Sci
External Examiner:
Name:
Signature:
Date
PRINCIPAL
INDE/
1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgements
3. Declaration
4. Aim
5. Coding with Screenshots
6. Requirements
7. Bibliography
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We take this opportunity to express
our profound gratitude and deep
regards to our subject teacher for his
exemplary guidance, monitoring and
constant encouragement throughout
the course ofthis project.
The blessing, help and guidance given
by him time to shall carry us a long way
in the journey of life
on which we are about to embark.
AIM
Write a program using Python and MY-SQL
connectivity for Railway Reservation
INTRODUCTION
This project introduces railway reservation
system. It explains how reservation is
being done in Indian Railways. The step by
step procedure is explained.
Proper comments have been given at
desired location to make the project user
friendly. Various functions and structures
are used to make a complete use of this
language, this project is well versed with
the programming. Railway reservation can
easily accompany with the help of this.
ABOUT PYTHON
Python is a high level, object-oriented programming language. It
was developed in 1991 by Guido Van Rossum. Its syntax is
similar to the English Language and that is why it enhances code
readability. It uses indentation for defining scopes of loops if-else
construct, class, etc.
Python Logo -File Handling in Python
Python can be used to create server-side applications.
Python can help to do task automation using scripting.
Python is used to create stand-alone applications.
Python is used in Big Data, data science, Machine
Learning……….
Actually, the list can go on and on. This defines the power of
Python as a programming language. Hence it becomes very
important to learn how to write to a file using python and then
read from the same file.
Python is an interpreted, object-oriented, high-level programming
language with dynamic semantics. Its high-level built in data
structures, combined with dynamic typing and dynamic binding,
make it very attractive for Rapid Application Development, as
well as for use as a scripting or glue language to connect existing
components together.
Python's simple, easy to learn syntax emphasizes readability and
therefore reduces the cost of program maintenance. Python
supports modules and packages, which encourages program
modularity and code reuse. The Python interpreter and the
extensive standard library are available in source or binary form
without charge for all major platforms, and can be freely
distributed.
Often, programmers fall in love with Python because of the
increased productivity it provides. Since there is no compilation
step, the edit-test-debug cycle is incredibly fast. Debugging
Python programs is easy: a bug or bad input will never cause a
segmentation fault. Instead, when the interpreter discovers an
error, it raises an exception. When the program doesn't catch the
exception, the interpreter prints a stack trace. A source level
debugger allows inspection of local and global variables,
evaluation of arbitrary expressions, setting breakpoints, stepping
through the code a line at a time, and so on.
The debugger is written in Python itself, testifying to Python's
introspective power.
On the other hand, often the quickest way to debug a program is
to add a few print statements to the source: the fast edit-testdebug cycle makes this simple approach very effective.
A recent survey established the Python language to be the fifth
most popular, behind JavaScript, SQL, Java, and C#. According
to the 2017 Stack Overflow survey, nearly 32% of developers use
it, and a further 20% want to do so. The usage is up from 22%
reported in the first Stack Overflow survey, which ran in 2013.
The survey also reports Python to be the sixth most loved
language (behind Rust, Smalltalk, TypeScript, Swift, and Go),
and I think it’s interesting to note that Python is the top
language that is both used and loved.
(the other languages that are loved are mostly aspirational, for
example, TypeScript is used by just 9.5% of people, while Rust
and Smalltalk aren’t even on the scale).
There are more than 147,000 packages in the package repository
(colloquially known as the Cheese Shop), which are what make it
so versatile, and so popular. You can use Python for everything
from web development, to data science and data visualisation, to
games development, and DevOps, without having to start at
ground zero and implement your own code for everything.
With so many packages available, we are seeing, in particular, a
huge uptake in those used for AI and data science projects.
Python is a super fun language which can brings a level of
excitement and ease to programming like no other language can.
FILE HANDLING IN PYTHON
If you are working in a large software application where they
process a large number of data, then we cannot expect those data
to be stored in a variable as the variables are volatile in nature.
Hence when are you about to handle such situations, the role of
files will come into the picture.
As files are non-volatile in nature, the data will be stored
permanently in a secondary device like Hard Disk and using
python we will handle these files in our applications.
Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files
i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file handling
options, to operate on files. The concept of file handling has
stretched over various other languages, but the implementation is
either complicated or lengthy, but alike other concepts of Python,
this concept here is also easy and short. Python treats file
differently as text or binary and this is important. Each line of
code includes a sequence of characters and they form text file.
Each line of a file is terminated with a special character, called
the EOL or End of Line characters like comma {,} or newline
character. It ends the current line and tells the interpreter a new
one has begun. Let’s start with Reading and Writing files.
Working of open() function:
We use open () function in Python to open a file in read or write
mode. As explained above, open ( ) will return a file object. To
return a file object we use open() function along with two
arguments, that accepts file name and the mode, whether to read
or write. So, the syntax being: open(filename, mode). There are
three kinds of mode, that Python provides and how files can be
opened:
“ r “, for reading.
“ w “, for writing.
“ a “, for appending.
“ r+ “, for both reading and writing
One must keep in mind that the mode argument is not mandatory.
If not passed, then Python will assume it to be “ r ” by default.
There are also various other functions that help to manipulate the
files and its contents. One can explore various other functions in
Python Docs.
ABOUT MODULES
Modules refer to a file containing Python statements and
definitions. A file containing Python code, for e.g.: example.py, is
called a module and its module name would be example.
We use modules to break down large programs into small
manageable and organized files. Furthermore, modules provide
reusability of code.
We can define our most used functions in a module and import it,
instead of copying their definitions into different programs.
We can import the definitions inside a module to another module
or the interactive interpreter in Python.
We use the import keyword to do this.
Python has a ton of standard modules available. Standard
modules can be imported the same way as we import our userdefined modules.
Some advantages of modules are:
1. Division of development
2. Increases readability of program
3. Programming errors can easily be detected
4. Allows reuse of code
5. Improves manageability
6. Collaboration in projects made efficient and easy.
ABOUT INDIAN RAILWAY
Indian Railways is the state-owned railway company of India; it
has a complete monopoly over the country's rail transport. Indian
Railways (IR) has one of the largest and busiest rail networks in
the world, transporting over 5 billion passengers and over 350
million tonnes of freight annually. IR is also the world's largest
commercial or utility employer, having more than 1.6 million
regular employees on its payroll.
Railways were first introduced to India in 1853, and by 1947, the
year of India's independence, it had grown to forty-two rail
systems. In 1951 the systems were nationalised as one unit, to
become one of the largest networks in the world.
Indian Railways operates both long distances, as well as suburban
rail systems. It operates 8,702 passenger trains and transports
around five billion annually across twenty-seven states and three
union territories (Delhi, Puducherry and Chandigarh). Sikkim is
the only state not connected. The Railway Budget deals with the
induction and improvement of existing trains and routes, the
modernisation and most importantly the tariff for freight and
passenger travel.
Due to the huge magnitude of the spread of IR, the system cannot
sustain without computers, which have programs built for its
smooth functioning. This project deals with the Indian Railways
and presents a system to digitize the system.
CODING
MODULES USED
MAIN CODE USED
REQUIREMENTS
BIBILIOGRAPHY
#
return
print(railsmenu())
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