Answer Key cont.
hired Hessians of the British army; and their
brilliant leader, George Washington. The
Patriots’ disadvantages included a small
population; lack of a regular army or strong
navy; lack of military experience; a short
supply of weapons and ammunition; and a
lack of agreement among American colonists,
some of whom were either neutral or were
Loyalists, not Patriots.
16. D
17. A, C, and D
19. B
20. A
LESSON QUIZ 4-1
Modified True/False
18. B
1. False—By the END OF 1780, all states HAD
STATE CONSTITUTIONS.
2. False—Americans were DETERMINED TO LIMIT
the power of a single ruler.
3. True
CHAPTER 3 TEST, DOCUMENT-BASED
QUESTIONS
Short Answer
1. [General] Charles Cornwallis
2. British capture Savannah, 1778
3. Savannah, Charles Town, and Camden
4. movement of British forces
4. True
Multiple Choice
5. a
6. b
7. c
8. b
9. d
Multiple Choice
6. b
7. b
8. d
9. b
LESSON QUIZ 4-3
Matching
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. e
5. b
Multiple Choice
6. d
7. d
8. d
9. b
10. c
8. e
9. b
10. d
13. b
14. a
15. b
18. c
19. c
20. b
LESSON QUIZ 4-2
Completion
1. depression
2. slavery
3. Shays's Rebellion
5. Yorktown
6. Correct answers should include: The soldiers
were in surprisingly good-humor in very poor
conditions.
7. Correct answers should include: discontented
with his surroundings and longing for home.
8. Correct answers should include: fatigue, cold,
sickness, starvation, poor clothing, poor food/
cooking, hard lodging, smoke, bad weather.
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education.
Essay
9. Correct answers should include: The
American army consisted mostly of American
colonists, whereas the British army contained
many Hessian mercenaries. While the
American colonists were fighting on their own
soil for their country’s freedom, the
mercenaries in the British army had no
personal stake in the outcome. They were
fighting only for money.
CHAPTER 4
CHAPTER 4 ENTRY TEST
1. B
2. C
3. B, C, and D
4. A, C, and D
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. A
9. D
10. C
11. B
12. A, C, and D 13. C
14. D
15. A and C
4. public trust
5. 1808
CHAPTER 4 TEST, TRADITIONAL
True/False
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False
Matching
6. c
7. a
Multiple Choice
11. c
12. d
16. b
17. d
Short Answer
21. Correct answers should include: to carry out
the nation’s laws and policies.
United States History and Geography: Colonization to Reconstruction
219
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Answer Key cont.
22. the national government
trial by jury, and points out the potential
dangers of being armed in peacetime.
23. Correct answers should include: He believed
that because of the importance given to the
laws of the nation, the states’ bills of rights
were not enough protection for citizens
without a national bill of rights.
24. Correct answers should include: Each state
had one vote on all questions. Decisions were
made based on a majority vote of all states
present. The sessions were closed to the
public so that the delegates could speak
freely.
25. Correct answers should include: Slavery
existed and was legal in every state. However,
it was not a major source of labor in the
North. Eventually, many groups there began
working to end it. On the other hand, the
plantation system of the South had grown to
depend on the work of enslaved people.
Many white Southerners feared that their
economy could not survive without slavery. As
Americans began to question how to
strengthen the Articles of Confederation,
these differences made those discussions
more challenging.
CHAPTER 4 TEST, DOCUMENT-BASED
QUESTIONS
Short Answer
1. Virginia; 292,627
2. 1,110
3. Virginia and New Hampshire
4. 399,721
6. In the Constitution written and discussed in
1789, Mason feels that the vast power of the
Congress and its considerable expansion
threatens available powers for the states.
Moreover, people’s individual rights are kept
unprotected with no specific statement to
ensure such rights. He mentions the lack of
protection for press freedom and the right to
220
Essay
8. Correct answers should include: After the
American Revolution, the United States
needed a plan to govern the new nation.
Eventually, states created a government plan
called the Articles of Confederation. In
response to its recent conflict with Great
Britain, this plan formed a weak central
government. The greatest powers were given
to the individual states. However, after some
time this weak government began to cause
problems to the new nation. The leaders of
the country realized that they needed to make
changes to the government. After a great deal
of debate, a new plan was developed. The
Constitution of the United States created a
more powerful central government. However,
Constitutional Convention delegates worked
for a system of checks and balances that
prevented a part of the government from
obtaining too much power. These changing
ideas about government were related to the
changing ideas about individual rights in the
United States. The Framers of the Constitution
drew on historical papers focusing on
people’s fundamental rights. Many delegates
also called for including in the Constitution an
additional Bill of Rights protecting individual
liberties from governmental influence. During
this period, enslaved people’s rights also
began to change. In the North, a growing
number of African Americans started to
recover their freedom. Questions about
slavery in the United States would continue
dividing the nation as the Constitution was
developed.
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 5 ENTRY TEST
1. A, C, and D 2. C
3. A, B, and D 4. D
5. B
6. A, B, and C 7. D
8. A, D
9. A, B, and D 10. C
11. A, B, and D 12. A
13. B
14. B
15. B, C, and D 16. C
17. D
18. B
19. A, B, and D 20. B, C, and D
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education.
5. Rhode Island and New Hampshire
7. These actions included granting monopolies
in business, establishing new crimes, inflicting
unusual and severe punishments, and
increasing the powers of Congress.
United States History and Geography: Colonization to Reconstruction
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