PRINCETON COLLEGE
SCHEME OF WORK
&
LESSON NOTES
PHYSICAL & HEALTH EDUCATION
FIRST TERM
2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION
GRADE 8
SCHEME OF WORK
Week
1-2
Topics
Recreation
3
Dance and rhythm
4
Dance and rhythm
5
First aid
6
Safety education
7
8
Mid-term break
Sports injuries
Sub-topics
a. explain the concept of recreation and
leisure b. classify types of recreational
activities c. distinguish between indoor and
outdoor activities with examples d.
demonstrate recreational activities e.g. table
tennis, ludo, soccer etc
a. explain the concept of dance and rhythm
b. classify the types of dance with examples
c. deduce the values of dance/rhythmic
activities.
a. demonstrate different dancing steps in
Atilogwu b. dramatize different dancing
steps in Bata c. Perform different dancing
steps in Pokiti
a. explain first aid b. classify the objectives
of first aid c. discover the qualities of a first
aider d. show the content in a first aid box
and uses e. determine the basic principles of
first aid.
a. compare the concept of safety b. safety
education and accident c. classification of
accident ( home/domestic, school,
transportation, workplace) d. investigate the
causes and prevention of accident e.
recommend the safety measure to be taken
to prevent accidents
Mid term break
a. analyses sports injuries b. distinguish the
common sports injuries ( wound,
dislocation, sprain, strain, fracture, muscle
fatigue, muscle cramp etc) c. assesse the
common sports injuries under the following
heading ( causes, symptoms, and treatment)
9
Field events
10
Judo
11
Revision and
examinations
a. identify the equipment used for throws
and jumps events b. construct the sectors of
throw events c. dramatize the basic phases in
throws events (javelin, shot put, discus) d.
demonstrate the basic phases in jumps
events ( high jump, long jump) e. appraise
the general rules and regulations of various
throws and jumps event.
a. write brief history on judo b. classify the
types of facilities and equipment used in
judo c. demonstrate the basic skills and
techniques in judo d. examine the rules and
regulations in judo e. identify the officials in
Judo
Week 1
Period 1-2
Topic: Meaning and scope of recreation
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Define recreation
 Mention the two broad division of recreation.
 State the values of recreation.
Key Words
Recreation, Scope, Indoor, Outdoor, Leisure, Hiking etc
Content:
Recreation: This can be defined as activities done for enjoyment and satisfaction
during leisure period. Recreational activities help to reduce tension which must have
been developed as a result of work or other problems.
The Scope of Recreation
Recreation can be classified into two:
 Indoor recreational activities
 Outdoor recreational activities
Indoor recreational activities: These are activities that are performed in a house,
hall, or generally under a roof. Examples are playing music, drawing and painting,
sewing, watching television or video, playing cards, singing etc.
Outdoor recreational activities: These are activities that are performed outside or
in the open such as parks, game reserve center, beach and sports field. Examples are
mountaineering, playing games, walking, jogging, swimming etc.
The Values of Recreations
 It brings about judicious use of leisure time.
 It reduces juvenile delinquency / crime.
 It brings about social integration.
 It brings about fun and enjoyment
To read more on this topic click this link: https://stoplearn.com/dance-leisureand-recreational-activities/
Assignment
Outline 4 factors that determine the choice of recreational activities.
Evaluation
 What is recreation?
 Mention the two broad division of recreation.
 State the values of recreation.
Week 2
Period 1- 2
Sub-topic: Factors that determine the choice of recreation
Duration: 40munites
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson the, you should be able to:
 Outline the factors that determine the choice of recreational
activities.
 Enumerate the considerations before recreational activities.
Content:
The Factors That Determine Recreation
 Interest of the participant.
 Body type of the participant (somatotype).
 The need of the person.
 The ability or capability of the person.
 Culture.
 Religion
 Availability of facilities and equipment.
 Social status of the person.
 Type of the environment.
 Health status of the person.
The Consideration before Recreation
The following must be considered before participating in recreational
activities:
 It must be a leisure time activity.
 It must be benefitting
 It must be enjoyable.
 It must involve the movement of the body.
 It must be voluntary.
To read more on this topic click this link:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK310922/#:~:text=Recreation%
20refers%20to%20all%20those,reading%2C%20playing%20games%2
0and%20dancing.
Evaluation
Essay
 Outline the factors that determine the choice of recreational activities.
 Enumerate the considerations before participating in recreational
activities.
Multiple Choice Question
1. An outdoor recreational activity where parties form part of the events is
_____
A. bazaar
B. hunting
C. picnics
D. running
2. The best time to carry out recreational activities is _______
A. leisure time
B. play time
C. closing time
D. break time
3. Picnics involve all the following EXCEPT ____
A. acquiring safety skills
B. fighting the enemies
C. engaging in independence activity
D. exploring the environment
4. Which of the following is an outdoor activity? _____
A. camping
B. chess
C. crafting
D. ludo
5. One of the objectives of camping is to_____
A. provide an opportunity for what you learned in class to be observed in
a more natural environment
B. enable pupils and students to develop game skills
C. broaden the cultural potentials of boys and girls
D. give a well-rounded development of all children and youths
6. A long walk by foot in the country is known as ______
A. hiking
B. jogging
C. striding
D. strolling
7. For Jogging to be effective, it is usually carried out_____
A. in the court
B. in gym
C. outdoors
D. indoors
8. Activities carried out pleasurably and voluntarily during free time is called
_____
A. vocation
B. leisure
C. recreation
D. par time
9. Which of the following activities is best for an elderly person? ____
A. walking
B. running
C. swimming
D. jumping
10. Recreational activities are for ______
A. some group of people
B. rich people
C. all ages
D. sick people
Week 3
Topic: Rhythmic and Dance Activities
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
 State the meaning of the following concept i. Rhythmical ii. Dance
 Identify the types of dance and its examples
Key words
Rhythmic, dance, traditional, Social
Content:
Rhythmical are movements or activities performed according to a regular beat of
successive movements or sounds. Also it is an observable shift of the body from one
position to the other.
Dance: It is an expressive movement of turning, twisting and rolling of the body
(parts) to conform to the rhythm of a sound, beat or music.
Types of dance activities
1. Traditional dance: Most of the traditional dances are held in rural areas for the
following reasons;
 For religious purpose
 For entertainment
 For expressing our joy
 As part of general education
 For enjoyment or for fun
Examples of traditional dances is as follows:
Folk dance, Atilogwu- (Ibo), Fuji and Juju, Sharon (fulani), Langa (hausa), Bata
(Yoruba) etc.
2. Social or foreign dance: In social dance, music is used depending on the choice
of the dancers.
Examples of social or foreign dance is as follows:
High life, juju music, rumba, cha-cha- cha, reggae, waltz, calypso and conga. In
selecting the types of dances some life bands such as: Sunny Ade, Sunny Okosun,
Eddy okonta, Phyno, Asa, Tope Alabi, Chioma etc can be invied.
For further reading click here: https://stoplearn.com/what-are-traditionaland-rhythmic-dance-activities/
Evaluation
Multiple choice questions
1. _____is an observable shift of the body from one position to the other
A. Movement
B. Shift
C. Rhythmical
D. Mystical
2. Dance is an expressive movement of turning, twisting and rolling of the body
(parts) to conform to the rhythm of a sound, beat or music. How correct is this
statement?
A. No
B. Yes
C. No/Yes
D. All of the above
3. Another name for social dance is___
A. Foreign dance
B. Local dance
C. Civil dance
D. Cultural dance
4. According to this lesson, types of dance are?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
5. The following are some of the social dances except____
A. Reggae,
B. Waltz,
C. Calypso
D. Sharon
6. Balley, Chorography and Acrobatic dance are grouped under classes of dancing…
A. Folk dancing
B. Traditional dancing
C. Modern / Social dancing
D. Imported dancing
Essay
 State the meaning of the following concept i. Rhthmical ii. Dance
 Identify the types of dance and 3 examples under each one.
Assignment
Mention 4 notable traditional musicians and 4 notable foreign musicians in Nigeria.
Week 4
Sub-Topic: Demonstration of different dance activities (Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba)
Duration: 40 Minutes
Behavioural Objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
Demonstrate different dance activities.
 Hausa
 Igbo
 Yoruba
Week 5
Period 1
Topic: First aid treatment and its importance
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able:
 Enumerate the principles of first aid.
 Mention the importance of first aid.
Key words
First aid, Immobilize, temporary, personnel etc.
Content
First aid: This is an immediate and temporary assistance or treatment given to an
injured person or a sick person before the arrival of the medical doctor or a medical
personnel. The main aim is to save lives.
The Principles of First aid
1. Check the injury and determine the extent of the damage.
2. Immobilize the injured part
3. Prevent the victim from seeing blood.
4. Give the urgently needed help first.
5. Do not give fluid to the victim.
6. Carry out procedures with care.
The Importance of First Aid
1. To prevent injury from becoming worst.
2. To reduce or relieve pain.
3. To arrest bleeding.
4. To assist doctor with information
To read more on this topic click this link:https://kullabs.com/class-7/healthand-physical-education-7/safety-education-and-first-aid/safety-education-andfirst-aid
Evaluation
 Enumerate 4 principles of first aid.
 Mention 3 importance of first aid.
Period 2
Sub-topic: Qualities of a good first aider
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Mention the qualities of a good first aider
 List the contents of first aid box.
 Explain the uses of first aid box contents.
Content
The qualities of a good first aider
1. He or she should be a good observer.
2. He or she must be knowledgeable
3. He should be tactful and gentle.
4. He should be sympathetic without being emotional.
The Contents of First Aid and Their Uses
 Bandages
Uses
 To prevent wounds from infection
 To protect injury from external bleeding
 To hold protective equipment in place.
 Cold compress pack: This is an iced pack that is used on bruised and swollen
area.
 Embrocation examples are heat balm, nerve and bone etc. This is used to
massage swelling muscles
 Forceps; It is used for protecting the fingers from stains and infection.
 Cotton wool: It is used for covering wounds after applying drugs and it is also
used for cleaning of the wound.
 Methylated spirit: It is used for disinfecting wounds and cleaning fresh
wound.
 Smelling salt: It is used to revive a fainted person.
 Potassium permanganate: It is used to take care of snake bite before the
doctor`s arrival.
To read more on this topic click this link:https://kullabs.com/class7/health-and-physical-education-7/safety-education-and-first-aid/safetyeducation-and-first-aid.
Evaluation
 Mention the qualities of a good first aider
 List the contents of first aid box.
 Explain the uses of first aid box contents.
Assignment
Define recreation and mention the types of recreation.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. As a first aider which of the following injuries would you attend to first ___?
A. bruises
B. strain
C. bleeding
D. sprain
2. Which of the following will not be a benefit of first aid? ______
A. to save one from unnecessary death
B. to improve chances of recovery
C. to hasten permanent disability
D. to give information to the doctor
3. Exercise helps to keep the body ________
A. wealthy
B. fit
C. rounded
D. vigorous
4. Warm up is necessary for athlete in order to ______
A. defeat the opponent
B. increase weight
C. loosen muscles
D. reduce weight
5. Safety can be defined as freedom from ________
A. hazards
B. sports
C. rain
D. rough play
6. One of the following is not the aim of first aid.
A. to save life
B. to prevent condition from getting worse
C. to blame the victim
D. to arrest bleeding
7. One of the following is not a quality of a first aider. He or She……
A. should be observant
B. should be tactful
C. should be sympathetic
D. should be exploitative
8. The following are contents of First aid box EXCEPT______
A. cotton wool
B. embrocation
C. injection
D. iodine
9. The primary objective of First aid is to _________
A. acquire first aid knowledge
B. assist the casualty
C. prescribe treatment
D. save life
12. The following attributes spell out the qualities of a good first aider EXCEPT____
A. cheerfulness
B. emotion
C. gentleness
D. resourcefulness
11. The person who renders an immediate assistance to an injured person is known
as a_________
A. nurse
B. teacher
C. first aider
D. medical doctor
Week 6
Period 1
Topic: Safety and accident
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Define Safety Education?
 Outline the types of accident
 Mention the causes of accidents
Key words
Safety, Accident, Congestion, Industrial, Domestic etc.
Safety Education: This is the acquisition of knowledge and skills for dealing with
emergencies resulting from accidents, knowing where to obtain help. It also means
ability to take chances wisely on the road and everywhere so as to avoid unnecessary
accident.
Accident: It means a sudden events or change occurring without volition through
carelessness, unawareness or ignorance or combination of causes and producing
unfortunate result.
The Classification of Accident
 Home accident or domestic accident
 School accident
 Transportation accident
 Work place / industrial accident
The Causes of Accident












Tiredness
Slippery floor
Congestion
Lack of skill
Carelessness
Faulty machine and equipment
Poor condition of engine
Over speeding
Sudden mechanical breakdown
Disobedience of safety rules
Inadequate knowledge
Emotional upset
To read more on this topic click this link: https://www.twiglobal.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/health-safety-and-accidentprevention-general-026
Evaluation
 What is safety education?
 Outline the types of accident
 Mention the causes of accidents
Period 2
Sub-topic: Prevention of accident
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able
 Mention ways of preventing accident.
 Enumerate Safety measures against accident
Accident can be prevented through the following ways:





Avoid being in a haste.
Avoid slippery floor
Always keep drugs and other dangerous materials out of reach of the children.
Avoid over confidence
Take adequate rest when necessary
 Adequate enlightenment for drivers.
 Regular maintenance and repair of machines
 Avoid the use of machine and other tools when tired.
The Safety Measures to an Accident
In homes, schools and roads, appropriate safety measures should be assured in order
to avoid accidents. Meanwhile, the following safety measures must be taking against
accidents.








Always follow instructions
Play area should be properly lighted and ventilated.
Avoid the use of ornaments e.g. ring, bangles and necklace
Inspect your equipment and facilities.
Check playing area and be sure it is hazards free.
Perform activities within your limit or ability.
Avoid prolonged activities
Make sure a spotter is around before participating in a gymnastic or artistic
activities.
To read more on this topic click this link: https://www.twiglobal.com/technical-knowledge/job-knowledge/health-safety-and-accidentprevention-general-026
Evaluation
Essay
 Mention FIVE way of preventing accident.
 Enumerate FIVE safety measures against accident
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Generally, safety can be defined as freedom from _____
A. sleep
B. hazard
C. school
D. hospital
2. The acquisition of knowledge and skills for dealing with emergencies resulting
from accidents knowing where to obtain help is called ____
A. safety
B. safety education
C. school education
D. school accident
3. A sudden event occurring without volition through carelessness producing an
unfortunate result is called _____
A. jam
B. mistake
C. accident
D. sorry
4. Which of these is not a classification of accident?
A. transportation
B. church
C. work place
D. school
5. The accident that occur in the home is called _____ accident
A. school
B. domestic
C. church
D. none of the above
6. Which among these is not a cause of home accident____
A. poor arrangement
B. poor lighting
C. resting
D. tiredness
7. The accident that occur within the school compound is called ______
A. road accident
B. house accident
C. school accident
D. all of the above
8. Which among these is a cause of school accident? ____
A. Negligence
B. Accident
C. Compound
D. Teacher
9. The prevention of school accidents includes ______
A. proper use of machine and equipment
B. good mastery of skills
C. clean environment/playground
D. all of the above
10. Accidents that occur on the road, in the sea, on the rail and in the air is referred
to as _________ accident.
A. transportation
B. air accident
C. road accident
D. none of the above
Assignment
Enumerate the principles of first aid.
Week 7
Midterm Break
Week 8
Period 1
Topic: Sports Injuries (i)
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to




State the meaning of sports injury
Mention the causes of sports injuries
Give common sports injuries on the field of play
Analyse wounds by stating the types, symptoms, and general treatment
Key words
Injury, immobilization, haemorrhage, fracture, dislocation, strains, sprains, bruise,
wound etc
Sports Injuries: These are injuries that occur during participation in sports and
games due to accident which can lead to loss of blood from the body or damage to
the part of the body.
Causes of sports injuries
 Carelessness.
 Fatigue/tiredness.
 Poor lighting / poor visibility in activity area.
 Lack of skills / lack of knowledge.
 Unsafe physical environment / hazard.
 Faulty equipment /apparatus / inappropriate costume.
 Lack of instruction / negligence.
 Effects of drugs e.g. alcohol.
 Lack of warm up exercise etc.
Common Sports Injury That Could Occur On the Sports Field












Dislocations
Sprains
Strains
Fracture
Fainting
Bleeding/Haemorrhage/Nose bleeding
Bruises
Wounds/Abrasion
Muscle Cramp/Pull
Drowning
Heart Exhaustion
Cardiac arrest etc.
Wound: It’s a damage to the tissues of the body which allows blood to escape and
germs or infection to enter into the body.
Types of Wound
 Incised wounds: (Sharp instrument like Knife, cutlass, sword etc)
 Lacerated wounds: (Rough object like Barbed wire falling from a moving
car)
 Punctured wounds: (Sharp pointed object e.g Javelin, dagger, compass,
needles)
 Bruised or contused wounds: (Blunt object e.g Hitting the finger with a claw
of hammer, falls on a hard surface)
 Gunshot wounds: (Bullet)
Symptoms of wound




Severe external bleeding
Severe pains
Shock
Discolouration of the skin
General treatment of wounds







Place the patient in a comfortable position
Stop bleeding immediately
Treat for shock
Cover the wounds
Give words of encouragement
Apply cold compress
Immobilise the affected parts etc.
Evaluation




State the meaning of sports injury
Mention the causes of sports injuries
Give common sports injuries on the field of play
Analyse wounds by stating the types, symptoms, and general treatment
To read more on this topic click this link: https://www.niams.nih.gov/healthtopics/sports-injuries
Period 2
Topic: Sports Injuries (ii)
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:






Define fracture
Mention the types of fracture
Give causes of fracture
Cite the symptoms of fracture
Mention general treatment of fracture
Analyse other sports injuries you know
Key words
Injury, immobilization, haemorrhage, fracture, dislocation, strains, sprains, bruise,
wound etc
Fracture: This is the break, bend or crack of bones in the body.
Areas that commonly fractured
Upper Extremities/limbs







Skull
Humerus
Ulna and radius
Scapular
Clavicle
Phalanges
Wrist
Lower extremities
 Femur
 Tibia and fibula
 Tarsals
 Meta-tarsals.
Causes of Fracture
 Direct force
 Indirect force
 Muscular force
Types of fracture







Simple or closed fracture
Compound or open fracture
Complicated fracture
Greenstick fracture
Depressed fracture
Impacted fracture
Communited fracture
Symptoms of fracture





Swelling of the limbs
Discolouration of the skin
Severe pains at the site of injury
Bleeding
Irregularity in movement etc
General treatment of fracture







Place the casualty in a comfortable position
Treat for shock
Stop bleeding
Support the casualty
Immobilise the fractured limbs
Re-assure the patient
Take the victim to the hospital for further treatment etc.
Shock: This is a condition, which arises from the inability of the heart to pump
enough blood so as to supply sufficient oxygen to all parts of the body.
Causes of shock
 Broken bones
 Poisoning
 Bleeding
 Heart failure
 Sudden bad news etc.
Symptoms of shock
 The patient becomes very pale
 He complains of thirst
 Severe sweat
 The patient faints
 Breathing is rapid with difficulty etc
General treatment of shock
 Stop or control the bleeding if any
 Provide artificial respiration
 Loosen any tight clothing round the neck, chest or waist
 Avoid overcrowding
 Take the patient immediately to the hospital
Bleeding (haemorrhage): It occurs when blood vessels are affected by
disease/infection.
Types of bleeding
 Primary bleeding
 Secondary bleeding
 Reactionary bleeding
Causes of bleeding
 Direct injury as a result of cut, surgical operation
 It could be caused by disease of the wall of blood vessels as a result of
infection
 Disease of the blood itself is called Haemophilia
Symptoms of bleeding
 Rapid and weak pulse
 Face and lips become pale
 Breathing becomes shallow
 The patient feels dizzy and may faint
 Complains of feeling sick.
General treatment or control of bleeding
 Raise the affected part up
 Apply pressure on the nearest pressure point
 Apply iodine on the cut after cleaning
 Apply tourniquet or cotton wool
 Take the patient to the hospital for further treatment.
Evaluation
Essay






Define fracture
Mention the types of fracture
Give causes of fracture
Cite the symptoms of fracture
Mention general treatment of fracture
Analyse other sports injuries you know
To read more on this topic click this link: https://www.niams.nih.gov/healthtopics/sports-injuries
Multiple choice questions
1. If safety means freedom from hazards or dangers then acquiring knowledge and
skills to handle unexpected hazards will be____________
A. Accident
B. Injury
C. Safety education
D. Safety prevention
2. Physical scientific procedure giving to injured or diseased athletes who engaged
in accident sport. i.e rehabilitation treatment is known as_________
A. Physiotherapy
B. Physiological
C. Psycotherapy
D. Rehabilitherapy
3. A student fell from the staircase and broke his leg, in Physical and Health
education class, we are taught to_______
A. Take the victim to the hospital immediately
B. Give immediate first-aid treatment to the victim
C. Wait until the doctor arrives
D. Explain what happens to the victim
4. ________ are the injuries that occur during participation in sports and games due
to accident which can lead to loss of blood from the body or damage to the part of
the body
A. Accident
B. Mishap
C. Sports injuries
D. Wounds
5. The following are the causes of sports injuries save one
A. Carelessness.
B. Fatigue
C. Illumination
D. Lack of skills
6. As a trained first aider or student of Physical and Health education, which injury
will you attend to first in their severity?
A. Fracture
B. Strains
C. Bleeding
D. Dislocation
7. Lacerated wound occurs as a result of sharp pointed object e.g Javelin, dagger.
How correct is this statement?
A. Very correct
B. Almost correct
C. Incorrect
D. All of the above
8. According to the lesson, types of wound are ___
A. 2
B. 4
C. 5
D. 3
9. If a patient is wounded, the following are the possible treatment that can be
administered save one
A. Place the patient in a comfortable position
B. Stop bleeding immediately
C. Be hard on the patient and offer help
D. Cover the wounds
10. Jackson Faraday was unable to walk because he broke his leg when he was
playing a football match. What type of injury is this?
A. Wounds
B. Dislocation
C. Fracture
D. Haemorrhage
11. The following are the possible injury one can sustain in the game of Squash and
Tennis except_____
A. Bruises
B. Dislocation
C. Muscle Cramp
D. Drowning
12. _______ is not correct about the types of bleeding
A. Primary bleeding
B. Secondary bleeding
C. Tertiary bleeding
D. Reactionary bleeding
13. Moses Mba had Haemorrhage during 100 meters race in an Inter House Sports
Competition, which better way will you say this to his parents for them to
understand?
A. Fracture
B. Strains
C. Bleeding
D. Sprain
14. If a 35 year old athlete sustained complicated fracture what type of fracture do
you think can happen to a 2 years old child?




Simple fracture
Compound fracture
Greenstick fracture
Impacted fracture
15. If Shock is a condition, which arises from the inability of the heart to pump
enough blood so as to supply sufficient oxygen to all parts of the body. Then one of
the followings is odd to the general treatment of shock.
A. Stop or control the bleeding if any
B. Provide artificial respiration
C. The place should be crowded for sympathy
D. Take the patient immediately to the hospital
Week 9
Period 1
Topic: Field events (Throws)
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Define field events?
 Mention the scope of field events
 Describe shot- put and discus
Key words
Missile, Discus, Javelin, Shot put, Sector etc.
Field Event: These are the events that involve throwing and jumping on the field
except games.
The Scopes of Field Events
 The throws
 The jumps.
The Throws
Throws are all the events which involve the throwing of some implements for
distance. These implements are called Missiles. These are:




Shot put
Discus
Hammer
Javelin
 The Shot put
The missiles are thrown/put within a specified circle and must land within a
demarcated landing sector to make a good throw. A competitor is allowed
three trials (i.e. throw three times) and the best is used to place them.
The shot-put: This is a field event that involves the putting of a missile called
the shot for a horizontal distance. A competitor is allowed three trials. The put
is made from within a circle of 2.135m to a landing sector of 40 degrees.
Specification
The weight
Male-7.26kilos
Females-4kilos.
The putting circle 2.135m
The landing sector= 40 degrees
Basic Techniques
The hold.
The stance.
The glide
The release (putting)
The recovery
Method of Putting
1. The standing put method.
2. The O’Brien method.
 The Discus throw
Discus is a field event which involves throwing a missile called Discus for a
horizontal distance. A competitors is allowed three trials.
Specifications
The weight;
Male-2 kg
Female-1 kg
The throwing circle- 2.50m in diameter
The landing sector is 40 degree
The Techniques in Discus







The hold
The stance
The swing
The turn
The release
The follow through
The recovery
The Javelin
Javelin is a field event that requires the throwing of missile called javelin for a
horizontal distance. A competitor is allowed three trials. The throw is made behind
the arc of 8 metres radius into a landing sector of 29 degrees.
The Weight Specification
Male 800g with a length of 260-270cm
Female 600g and a length of 220-230cm
The Techniques in Javelin
 The grip
 The carriage: Types of carriage
i.
The over head
ii.
The over arm carriage
 The approach run
 The release (the throw)
 The follow through
 The recovery
The Rules in Javelin Throw
The javelin must land first with the tip within the landing sector which is 29m and
the legs must be behind the arc to make a good throw.
Hammer throw: The hammer throw is an event in which the participant throws
a weighted ball on a steel wire for distance. The landing sector is of 34.92
degree and is in center to the front of the throwing circle. The throwing circle
measures 2.135 m in diameter.
To read more on the topic click this link:
https://worldathletics.org/competitions
Evaluation
Essay
 What are field events?




Mention the scope of field events and 3 examples each
Describe shot put and discus
Another name for throwing implement is called_________
What is the landing sector of shot put and discus?
Period 2
Topic: Jumps (Pole vault, high jump, long jump and triple jump)
Duration: 40minutes
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:




Define pole vault
Mention the basic skills and techniques in Pole vault
Cite phases of pole vault.
Mention the phases in high jump, long jump and triple jump.
Key words
Missile, pole, bar, foam, high jump, long jump, triple jump fosbury flop etc.
Pole Vault: It is a field event which involves jumping over a horizontally placed
obstacle (bar) that is supported by two uprights with the aid of a pole.
Basic skills and techniques in Pole vault.
1. The grip
2. The run up
3. The take off
4. The hang
5. The swing up
6. The pull up
7. The pole carrying
8. The push up
9. The landing
10.The recovery.
Phases of Vault
1. The grip: When vaulting, the vaulter grips the pole in such a way that the pole
will bend naturally when planted into the box.
2. The run up: The pole should be carried close to the body and parallel to the floor
at the start of the run up.
3. The plant and the take off: The athlete must keep the pole close to their midline
but also raise the top of the pole in high position as possible. The vaulter reaches
up with both hands to hold the pole in high position as possible. Before planting
the pole it is important for the vaulter to keep the head looking up, not down at
the box, as in athletic movements and the body follows the head.
4. The bar clearance: The core of the body should be firm , with the whole body
in an extended position. The arms should be as high as possible pressing upward.
The vaulter keeps the pole away from the body, raised the hips and roll the
shoulders underneath.
5. The landing.
High jump phases or skills:




Western roll
Eastern cut off
Fosbury flop
Straddle
The Coaching Points
1. The western roll: This is done by landing with the take-off leg and both hands.
The landing is known as three points landing.
2. The eastern cut off: This is landing with the leg other than the takeoff leg.
3. The fosbury flop: This style was introduced by Dick Fosbury. It is considered
the most recent and newest style an athlete may use in high jump. It is jumping with
the posterior side of the body.
4. The straddle: This is a style in high jump that requires jumping with the lateral
side of the body (side).
All the styles in high jump require the following phases:






The approach run
The take off
The action of the leading leg and the arm
The action in the air
Clearance of the bar
The landing.
Long jump: This is a field event which involves jumping for distance from a
specified spot into a demarcated flat surface (landing pit). It is done with a single
takeoff (one leg takeoff)
Phases of
long jump
The run up: It is the run-up to approach the takeoff board
The takeoff: This is the stepping on and off the takeoff board to put the competitor
in the air. It is done with single takeoff.
The action in the air: The sail, hang and hitch kick (running on the air) are the
types.
The landing: It’s the arrival at the landing area.
Triple jump
The triple jump sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and
jump, is a track and field event, similar to the long jump. As a group, the two events
are referred to as the “horizontal jumps”. The competitor runs down the track and
performs a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit.
Step-by-Step Triple Jump Technique:
1. Run up to the board and jump. This will begin the first phase: hop. Generally,
you will want to use your dominant foot. Get a running start (lasting about 17-18
strides) so you can forcefully jump off the board.
Pull your opposite foot up behind you.
Make sure not to run beyond the board during your hop, as doing so is considered
a foul.
For the hop and skip, you will begin your jump with the same foot.
2. Keep your arms extended in front of your body. While you are
airborne during the hop, skip, and jump, never let your hands drop lower than your
chest or higher than your chin. Move both arms forward, as
3. Hit the ground with your foot flat. During the hop and step, you will land
with your dominant foot flat or roll from heel to toe. Do not put too much
pressure on either your heel or toes. Once you've touched the ground, roll forward
onto the balls of your feet and prepare for the step.
4. Start your step with the same foot. Again with your dominant foot, jump with
your back leg extended behind the body. You will keep your back leg's
heel up to prepare for the landing. Land with your back leg forward to complete
the step and prepare for the final phase:
Keep your knee high and parallel to your hips for correct form.
For the step, your goal is to get off the ground as soon as possible.
5. Begin the final phase (jumping) with your opposite foot. During the
jump, you will leap with your opposite (formerly back foot). By this point, you will
be close to the sandpit. Bring both feet together with your knees parallel to your
chest as you jump into the pit.
Unlike the first two steps, land the jump with your heels first.
To read more click this link: https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/isabelastate-university/physical-science/pe-3-athletics-jumping-lecture-notes1/23724083
Practical demonstration of high jump phases (skills and techniques)




Western roll
Eastern cut off
Fosbury flop
Straddle
The Coaching Points
1. The western roll: This is done by landing with the take-off leg and both hands.
The landing is known as three points landing.
2. The eastern cut off: This is landing with the leg other than the takeoff leg.
3. The fosbury flop: This style was introduced by Dick Fosbury. It is considered
the most recent and newest style an athlete may use in high jump. It is jumping with
the posterior side of the body.
4. The straddle: This is a style in high jump that requires jumping with the lateral
side of the body (side).
All the styles in high jump require the following phases:






The approach run
The take off
The action of the leading leg and the arm
The action in the air
Clearance of the bar
The landing.
To read more on the topic click this
link:https://worldathletics.org/competitions
Practical demonstration of shot put phases (skills and techniques)
The standing put method and turning put or O’Brien` method.
1. The handhold: The shot put is picked up with spread fingers so that the thumb
and the small finger lie to the side and the others to the back. It is then placed in the
hollow of the collar bone and against the neck.
2. The stance: The shot putter stands comfortably erect at the front half of the circle
with the left foot placed near the throwing arc.
3. The turning put or the glide put: The shot putter standing on the right leg near
the rear circle and faces the rear. He bends the right knee so much that his chest
touches his knee. The left leg is raised up and it points to the direction of the put
4. The release, delivery or throw: The putting elbow is gradually brought
sideways. The shot is released at an angle of 45 degrees
5. The recoveries: This is the getting out of the putting circle. The putter should
see the missile land before he/she comes out of the circle through the rear half.
Note: In all throwing events, long jump and triple jump, if the athletes are 8, they
will have 6 trials each but if they are more than 8, they will have 3 trials each to
select best 8 athletes from another 3 trials.
In high jump and pole vault at a particular height a jumper has 3 trials or attempts
to clear the cross bar, if he clears it, the bar will be raised to another height but if
he fails at the 3rd attempt he is out of competition.
To read more on the topic click this
link:https://worldathletics.org/competitions
Evaluation
Essay
 Describe javelin.
 Mention the weight of male and female javelin.
 State the length of the implement
Multiple choice questions
1. First organised athletics event was in _______
A. 776 BC
B. 1960
C. 2001
D. 777AD
2. Athletic events competed for outside the running tracks are called ____
A. jumping events
B. field events
C. throwing event
D. track events
3. Which one of the following is not a field events? _____
A. high jump
B. javelin
C. Hurdles
D. Triple jump
4. The following are types of styles in high jump event EXCEPT _____
A. straddle
B. forward roll
C. fosbury flop
D. Scissors
5. The putting (landing) sector for shot-put is ____
A. 29/28degree
B. 4.7/2.135m
C. 2.5/1.138m
D. 35/40degree
6. Which of the following skill is associated with long jump event? ___
A. flip flop
B. eastern cut-off
C. sail
D. western roll
7. It will be NO throw in shot put when except____
A. leaving the throwing circle from the rear
B. shot lands within the sector
C. shot lands outside the sector
D. the leg goes beyond the stop board or circle.
8. The term sector is associated with_____
A. high jump
B. long jump
C. discus
D. pole vault
9. A jump is invalid in long jump if the athlete _______
A. jump twice or double takeoff
B. jump before the takeoff board
C. runs too fast
D. Using the run way
10. When a high jumper jumps over with his back, he is using _____
A. western roll
B. straddle
C. fosbury flop
D. eastern cut-off
11. Thomas Jaji is competing in event Hip-Hop-Step literally he is participating
in which event or sport?
A. High Jump
B. Swimming
C. Triple Jump
D. Long Jump
12. In Athletic Chart, the events are grouped into track and field events and all
track events involves running at a distance, while the field events involves______
A. Diving and passing
B. Throwing and catching
C. Jumping and running
D. Jumping and throwing
13. The preliminary exercise which stimulates the body muscles ready for the
main sporting activities is called______
A. Competition
B. Heat
C. Track events
D. Warm-up
14. Justice Bruce just completed 2laps in an athletic competition, this means that
Justice just ran or competed for_____
A. 400meters
B. 200meters
C. 800meters
D. 1200meters
15. Contact sport is a sport in which players are involved in physical collation
with the opponents during the cause of play. Which of the following is an
example of non-contact sport?
A. Judo
B. Hockey
C. Swimming
D. Soccer
Week 10
Period 1
Topic: Judo
Duration: 40munites
Behavioural objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Narrate a brief history of judo
 List the skills of judo
Key Words
Judo, Skills, Combative, Stance etc.
The brief history of Judo
Judo is a combative game founded by a Japanese called Jigoro Kano in 1878. It is
an ethical refinement of jujitsu an oriented martial art. Judo became an Olympic
sport in 1964 when the game was held in Tokyo Japan.
The Basic Skills of Judo




Stance
Gripping
Movement
Falling
Evaluation
 Narrate a brief history of judo
 List the skills of judo
Period 2
Sub-Topic: Rules and regulations of Judo game
Duration: 40munites
Behavioural Objective: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
 Enumerate the basic judo rules.
 Outline the four major ways of beating an opponent.
Content:
The rules and regulations of Judo game
 At the beginning and end of each bout, the two judoka must bow to each other
and the contest area
 A judo match takes between 3 to 10 minutes duration.
 Punching or putting a hand, foot, leg or arm on an opponent` face is
prohibited.
 Refusing to attack or not showing enough aggression can result to penalty.
 Judoka must not make derogatory remarks or gestures to their opponents.
The Four Major Ways of Beating an Opponent or Making Full Points




Throwing
Holding
Chocking
Arm locking
How to Score a Point in Judo
These including:
 The first judoka to score in judo full wins the contest.
 If there is a tie and nobody scores half a points, the winner is determined by
who has accumulated the most credits, counted on koko and yuko.
To learn more on Judo click this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zd3pQKGsS-E
Evaluation
Essay
 Enumerate the basic judo rules.
 Outline the four major ways of beating an opponent.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Judo a combative sport was founded by a_______
A. Nigerian
B. Japanese
C. Ghanaian
D. Scottish
2. Judo was developed by Prof. _______
A. Aminu Kano
B. Good luck Jonathan
C. Umaru Diksko
D. Jigoro Kano
3. Judo became an Olympic sports in
A. 1964
B. 1864
C. 1878
D. All of the above
4. What equipment is worn that indicate the judokas standard ________
A. cap, belt, mouthpiece
B. baggy trouser, belt, loose jacket
C. belt, rope, t-shirt,
D. shirt, trouser, belt
5. Which of these is not a way of making a full point in judo?
A. throwing
B. jumping
C. holding
D. arm locking
6. A judo performer is called ________
A. fighter
B. student
C. judoka
D. judoism
7. The judo suit is called _____
A. judogi
B. suit case
C. tommy
D. waza
8. Hajine is the beginning command given by ____
A. coach
B. manager
C. lines man
D. referee
9. Kimi in judo means ____
A. timi in
B. time on
C. break point
D. none of the above
10. A judo match takes between __to __minutes duration
A. 3 to 4
B. 5-10
C. 2-7
D. 3-10
11. In Judo game if a Judoka has half point, it is called Waza-ari, while the full
point is called________
A. Yoko
B. Koka
C. Ippon
D. Waza-irri
12. Select the appropriate skill from the options below for the underlisted Judo Sport
activities.
------i----- involves holding an opponent with his or her back to the mat
for 25 seconds. A full point scored in Judo Sport is called ------ii-------and, when an
opponent is caused to submit by applying a reverse pressure across the elbow, this
is called------iii-----i
ii
iii
A. Arm-lock
Throwing
Ippon
B. Judoka
Arm-locking
Hold-down
C. Hold-down
Ippon
Arm-lock
D. Throwing
Hold-on
Arm-lock
References:
 BST ( Physical and health education handbook 1 for junior secondary
schools) by Akinseye Saint Erazmus
 BST ( Physical and health education handbook 2 for junior secondary
schools) by Akinseye Saint Erazmus
 BST (Physical and health education handbook 3 for secondary schools)
New UBE edition by Ajiboye G. A