Committee: United Nations Security Council
Country: Argentine Republic
Topic: Preventing the Spread of Nuclear Weapons and Ensuring Compliance with Existing Nonproliferation Treaties
The history of nuclear non-proliferation is rooted in the global effort to prevent the spread of
nuclear weapons while promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The Non-Proliferation
Treaty (NPT), established in 1968, serves as the cornerstone of these efforts, aiming to prevent
proliferation, promote disarmament, and ensure access to nuclear energy under strict safeguards.
Regional initiatives, like the Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967) in Latin America, have further
strengthened global non-proliferation norms by creating nuclear-weapon-free zones. The
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plays a critical role in monitoring compliance,
providing technical assistance, and verifying the peaceful use of nuclear technology. Despite
challenges posed by non-compliance and emerging threats, these frameworks highlight the
importance of international collaboration to maintain stability and reduce the risks associated with
nuclear weapons.
The current status of nuclear non-proliferation revolves around addressing ongoing challenges to
the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and strengthening compliance mechanisms. Tensions persist
as some nuclear-armed states modernize their arsenals, while non-NPT states continue to operate
outside its framework. The role of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) remains vital
in verifying peaceful nuclear programs and addressing instances of non-compliance. Efforts to
establish additional nuclear-weapon-free zones, particularly in regions like the Middle East, face
political and security hurdles. Meanwhile, technological advancements have heightened concerns
about the proliferation of dual-use technologies. Despite challenges, global disarmament initiatives
and diplomatic frameworks underscore the importance of international cooperation to uphold the
NPT's objectives and maintain international stability.
Argentina advocates for strengthening the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) framework by
enhancing verification mechanisms through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to
ensure compliance. Emphasizing diplomacy, Argentina supports engaging non-NPT states and
encouraging their participation through incentives such as access to peaceful nuclear technology
under strict safeguards. The establishment of new nuclear-weapon-free zones, modeled on the
Treaty of Tlatelolco, can further regionalize non-proliferation efforts and build trust. Argentina
also underscores the importance of modernizing export control regimes like the Nuclear Suppliers
Group (NSG) to prevent the illicit transfer of nuclear materials and technologies. Collaboration in
capacity-building initiatives can aid developing nations in securing nuclear resources while
promoting transparency and accountability in peaceful nuclear energy programs.