AC HPAT PHYSICS EXAM QUESTIONS WITH FULLY SOLVED
ANSWERS.
1) What is the difference between constant, instantaneous, and average speed? -Answer ✔✔ · constant speed is where the speed is the same throughout and
instantaneous speed is speed given at any moment and average speed is a total
distance traveled divided by the amount of time it took to travel it.
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2) Newtons Laws -- Answer ✔✔ Newton's first law states that every object will
remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change
its state by the action of an external force. The second law states that the
acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting
upon the object and the mass of the object.
The third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and
opposite reaction.
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3) Ohm's Law -- Answer ✔✔ · Ohm's law is a law that states that the voltage across a
resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through the resistance.
Ohm's law is named for German physicist Georg Ohm (1789-1854). A simple
formula, Ohm's law, is used to show the relationship of current, voltage, and
resistance.
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4) Kirchoff's Law -- Answer ✔✔ · Kirchhoff's Laws are: A hot solid, liquid or gas,
under high pressure, gives off a continuous spectrum. A hot gas under low
pressure produces a bright-line or emission line spectrum. A dark line or
absorption line spectrum is seen when a source of a continuous spectrum is
viewed behind a cool gas under pressure.
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5) Law of magnetism -- Answer ✔✔ The most basic law of magnetism is that like
poles repel one another and unlike poles attract each other; this can easily be seen
by attempting to place like poles of two magnets together.
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6) Conventional current -- Answer ✔✔ · assumes that current flows out of the
positive terminal, through the circuit and into the negative terminal of the source.
... Electron Flow is what actually happens, and electrons flow out of the negative
terminal, through the circuit and into the positive terminal of the source
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7) Oersted's Law -- Answer ✔✔ · Ørsted's law, or Oersted's Law states that when a
steady electric current pass through a wire it creates a magnetic field around it.
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8) kinetic friction -- Answer ✔✔ · Kinetic friction magnitude is directly proportional
to the normal force magnitude and the roughness between the sliding surfaces.
Static friction magnitude is directly proportional to the normal force magnitude
and the roughness between the sliding surfaces.
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9) Alternating current vs direct current -- Answer ✔✔ · AC vs. DC (Alternating
Current vs. Direct current) The difference between AC and DC lies in the
direction in which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons flow steadily in a single
direction, or "forward." In AC, electrons keep switching directions, sometimes
going "forward" and then going "backward."
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10) Boyles Law -- Answer ✔✔ · Boyle's law is a gas law, stating that the pressure and
volume of a gas have an inverse relationship. If volume increases, then pressure
decreases and vice versa, when temperature is held constant.
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11) Volumetric flow rate -- Answer ✔✔ · the volumetric flow rate (also known as
volume flow rate, rate of fluid flow or volume velocity) is the volume of fluid which
passes per unit time; usually represented by the symbol Q (sometimes V̇). The SI
unit is cubic metres per second (m3/s).
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12) Pascals Law -- Answer ✔✔ · Pascal's law basically states that any pressure applied
to a fluid inside a closed system will transmit that pressure equally in all directions
throughout the fluid. This law is the basic principle that causes hydraulic power in
heavy construction machines to work.
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13) Bernoulli's Principle -- Answer ✔✔ · Bernoulli's principle is an idea of fluid
dynamics. It says that as speed of the fluid increases, pressure decreases. For a
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steady flow, the amount of fluid entering the pipe must equal the amount leaving
the pipe, so the fluid speed in the thin part must increase.
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14) Electric potential difference -- Answer ✔✔ · Electric potential difference, also
known as voltage, is the external work needed to bring a charge from one location
to another location in an electric field. Electric potential difference is the change of
potential energy experienced by a test charge that has a value of +1 .
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15) Distance -- Answer ✔✔ · Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to "how much
ground an object has covered" during its motion.
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16) Displacement -- Answer ✔✔ · Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to
"how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall change in position.
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17) Position -- Answer ✔✔ · Position is a place where someone or something is
located or has been put. In physics, position is usually a number on an axis. ...
Position is a vector, because direction matters. But distance is a scalar. Distance is
how far you've traveled.
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18) Speed -- Answer ✔✔ · Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time. It is how fast
an object is moving. Speed is the scalar quantity that is the magnitude of the
velocity vector. It doesn't have a direction.
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19) Acceleration -- Answer ✔✔ · Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with
time.
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20) Instantaneous velocity -- Answer ✔✔ · Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of an
object in motion at a specific point in time. This is determined similarly to average
velocity, but we narrow the period of time so that it approaches zero. If an object
has a standard velocity over a period of time, its average and instantaneous
velocities may be the same.
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21) A force -- Answer ✔✔ a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change
the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its
velocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate.
Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull
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22) Net force -- Answer ✔✔ · Net force is the vector sum of forces acting on a
particle or body. The net force is a single force that replaces the effect of the
original forces on the particle's motion. It gives the particle the same acceleration
as all those actual forces together as described by the Newton's second law of
motion.
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23) Uniform vs. non-uniform motion -- Answer ✔✔ · Difference between uniform and
non-uniform motion with examples. In Uniform motion, movement of a body is
along the straight line with constant speed. In non-uniform motion, movement of a
body is along the straight line with variable speed. In uniform motion, body covers
equal distance in equal interval of time
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24) Coefficient of friction -- Answer ✔✔ · A coefficient of friction is a value that shows
the relationship between two objects and the normal reaction between the
objects that are involved. ... The coefficient of friction depends on the objects that
are causing friction. The value is usually between 0 and 1 but can be greater than 1.
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25) Torque -- Answer ✔✔ Torque is a measure of the force that can cause an object
to rotate about an axis. Just as force is what causes an object to accelerate in linear
kinematics, torque is what causes an object to acquire angular acceleration.
Torque is a vector quantity
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26) Mechanical advantage -- Answer ✔✔ · Mechanical advantage is the ratio of the
force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used in assessing the
performance of a machine.
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27) Input vs output force -- Answer ✔✔ · The difference between the two is very
simple to understand: Input Force represents the amount of force that you put
into another object. Output Force represents the force that a specific object has as
a result of the input force.
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28) Gravitational force -- Answer ✔✔ · The gravitational force is a force that attracts
any two objects with mass. ... In fact, every object, including you, is pulling on every
other object in the entire universe! This is called Newton's Universal Law of
Gravitation.
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29) Friction -- Answer ✔✔ · Friction is a force that holds back the movement of a
sliding object. That's it. Friction is just that simple. You will find friction everywhere
that objects come into contact with each other.
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30) Normal force -- Answer ✔✔ · The normal force is the support force exerted
upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. For example, if a book
is resting upon a surface, then the surface is exerting an upward force upon the
book in order to support the weight of the book.
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31) Tension -- Answer ✔✔ · tension is described as the pulling force transmitted
axially by the means of a string, a cable, chain, or similar one-dimensional
continuous object, or by each end of a rod, truss member, or similar threedimensional object
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32) Resistance -- Answer ✔✔ · Resistance is an electrical quantity that measures how
the device or material reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance
is measured in units of ohms (Ω).
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33) Power -- Answer ✔✔ · Power is the rate at which work is done. ... Great power
means a large amount of work or energy developed in a short time. For example,
when a powerful car accelerates rapidly, it does a large amount of work and
consumes a large amount of fuel in a short time.
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34) Energy -- Answer ✔✔ · Energy, in physics, the capacity for doing work. It may exist
in potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, chemical, nuclear, or other various forms.
There are, moreover, heat and work—i.e., energy in the process of transfer from
one body to another.
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35) Permanent Magnet -- Answer ✔✔ · A permanent magnet is a ferromagnetic
material that possesses permanent magnetic properties, even when it is not
located within a magnetic field. One end of the magnet is called the north pole, the
other the south pole.
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36) Electromagnet -- Answer ✔✔ · An electromagnet is a magnet that runs on
electricity. Unlike a permanent magnet, the strength of an electromagnet can easily
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be changed by changing the amount of electric current that flows through it. The
poles of an electromagnet can even be reversed by reversing the flow of
electricity.
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37) magnetic field -- Answer ✔✔ · A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the
magnetic influence of electric charges in relative motion and magnetized materials.
A charge that is moving parallel to a current of other charges experiences a force
perpendicular to its own velocity.
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38) Motor Principle -- Answer ✔✔ the motor principle states that the currentcarrying wire should experience a force perpendicular to both the magnetic field
and the direction of the current, which in this case was horizontal.
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39) Motor -- Answer ✔✔ · A motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working of a DC motor is that
"whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it
experiences a mechanical force".
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40) gravitational potential energy -- Answer ✔✔ · Gravitational potential energy is
energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field. The most
common use of gravitational potential energy is for an object near the surface of
the Earth where the gravitational acceleration can be assumed to be constant at
about 9.8 m/s2.
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41) Kinetic energy -- Answer ✔✔ The kinetic energy (KE) of an object is the energy
that it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a
body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Having gained this energy
during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed
changes.
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42) Chemical Energy -- Answer ✔✔ · Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds
of chemical compounds, like atoms and molecules. This energy is released when a
chemical reaction takes place. Usually, once chemical energy has been released
from a substance, that substance is transformed into a completely new substance.
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43) Energy conversion/transformation -- Answer ✔✔ · the process of changing one
form of energy to another. In physics, the term energy describes the capacity to
produce certain changes within a system, without regard to limitations in
transformation imposed by Entropy.
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44) Efficiency -- Answer ✔✔ · Efficiency is a measure of how much work or energy is
conserved in a process. In many processes, work or energy is lost, for example as
waste heat or vibration. The efficiency is the energy output, divided by the energy
input, and expressed as a percentage. A perfect process would have an efficiency of
100%.
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45) The law of conservation -- Answer ✔✔ · The law of conservation of energy is a
physical law that states energy cannot be created or destroyed but may be changed
from one form to another. Another way of stating this law of chemistry is to say
the total energy of an isolated system remains constant or is conserved within a
given frame of reference
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46) Density -- Answer ✔✔ · Density is a measure of mass per volume. The average
density of an object equals its total mass divided by its total volume. An object
made from a comparatively dense material (such as iron) will have less volume than
an object of equal mass made from some less dense substance (such as water).
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47) Atmospheric pressure -- Answer ✔✔ · Atmospheric pressure is a force in an area
pushed against a surface by the weight of the atmosphere of Earth, a layer of air. ...
This is because high places do not have as much air above them, pushing down.
Barometers can be used to measure atmospheric pressure. There is the same
atmospheric pressure from all directions.
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49) Laminar flow -- Answer ✔✔ · Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high
momentum diffusion and low momentum convection. When a fluid is flowing
through a closed channel such as a pipe or between two flat plates, either of two
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48) Absolute Pressure -- Answer ✔✔ · Absolute pressure is a pressure that is relative
to the zero pressure in the empty, air-free space of the universe. This reference
pressure is the ideal or absolute vacuum. It is denoted with the subscript "abs":
Pabs.
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types of flow may occur depending on the velocity and viscosity of the fluid:
laminar flow or turbulent flow.
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50) Static pressure -- Answer ✔✔ · Static pressure is one of the most important
factors in HVAC design. Simply put, static pressure refers to the resistance to
airflow in a heating and cooling system's components and duct work. The push of
the air must be greater than the resistance to the flow or no air will circulate
through the ducts
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