Aging Out Of The
Closet
A look into how LGBTQ+ older adults are viewed in our society
WHERE IT ALL BEGAN
“Did you know that in 1969, Craig Rodwell studied bal-let but quit dancing to open the firstever gay bookstore in the world?”(Downs, J. [2021])
- “Stories like this have largely not been told; their history is left mostly unread;
their lives, even when they are documented, are left to the margins of most
major U.S. history textbooks or do not even appear at all.”(Downs, J. [2021])
Few people in history were willing to sit in the uncomfort that is the research of sexuality.
- “Sigmund Freud came to be the person most associated with the current
definition of sexual attraction. He did not think that homosexuality was an
illness, but instead thought that homosexuality was a part of normal
development, and so persistent attraction to same-sex individuals was an
arrest of normal development.” (Harward, 2021)
NOT ENOUGH DATA
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The main point to note is that there is an extreme lack of data on this population
- “Until recently in the United States, sexual orientation and gender identity and
expression measures were rarely included in public health and aging studies,
and when included, they were often only asked of younger adults, with agebased restrictions excluding older adults (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2015).”
LGBTQ adults aged 80 years and older are the surviving pioneers in this population,
yet there is an alarming dearth of research on their life experiences and quality of
life.
Aging with Pride: NHAS was designed to be inclusive of such hard-to-reach
populations, with specific sampling goals stratified by key demographics, including
age cohort (Fredriksen-Goldsen & Kim, 2017).
This study is the first to comprehensively examine a national sample of LGBTQ oldest
adults and to assess their quality of life and physical and mental health.
THE HISTORY OF POLICIES
NOT SO FUN FACT:
Some basic human necessities were rejected from being “human rights”:
- articles 22 through 26, which describe equal access to economic and social
rights, such as “the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living—
including food, housing, healthcare, social services and basic financial
security”—have been rejected by the USA as basic rights and are subsequently
not subject to legal enforcement (Parsons 2018).
WHAT DOES THIS HAVE TO DO WITH LGBTQ OLDER ADULTS???
- The oldger population in America is one of the vulnerable minorites that require
support and advocacy. Otherwise, they will be discriminated against and
potentially denied their basic human rights.
THE HISTORY OF POLICIES PT 2
“Passed in 1965, the OAA is the US primary law for funding and delivering social and
nutrition programs to older adults and their caregivers. However, the OAA, a 2 billion
dollar-a-year program, makes no mention of LGBT older adults (Choi and Meyer 2016;
SAGE 2015). Many social justice advocates have proposed that older adults with HIV and
LGBT older adults be included as a population of “greatest social need” in the updated OAA
(Fredriksen-Goldsen and Espinoza 2015).”
THOUGHTS: From my research; I believe that the lack of policy is due to our society
historically overlooking how one's life is intersectional. An older person already has so
many worries on their plate. Their sexuality/identity should not add on to said list.
Health disparities
Older people have more health risk than younger people; but did you know that these
disparities are also identifies between older adults apart of the LGBTQ+ community and
their counterpart?
- Yet, despite the health disparities that exist, many health-care providers don’t
have the knowledge and skills necessary to provide culturally relevant care
(Fredriksen-Goldsen, Hoy-Ellis, Goldsen, Emlet, & Hooyman, 2014). Previous
negative experiences also may inhibit LGBTQ people from being open with their
physicians and other providers, and as a result restrict information about
potential health concerns, such as breast or prostate cancer or HIV risks.
The lack of research and practice of care on these people can be linked to these increasing
data points
REFERENCES
Fredriksen Goldsen K, Kim H-J, Jung H, Goldsen J. The Evolution of Aging With Pride—
National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study: Illuminating the Iridescent Life
Course of LGBTQ Adults Aged 80 Years and Older in the United States. The
International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 2019;88(4):380-404.
doi:10.1177/0091415019837591
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K., & Espinoza, R. (2015). Time for transformation: Public policy must
change to achieve health equity for LGBT older adults. Journal of the American
Society on Aging, 38, 4; 96–4;104.
Parsons, A. (2018). As the Universal Declaration of Human Rights turns 70, it’s time to
resurrect its vision of global sharing and justice. Retrieved from
https://www.sharing.org/information-centre/articles/universal-declarationhuman-rights-turns-70-its-time-resurrectits. Accessed 1 Apr 2019.
Services and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Elders (SAGE) (2015).
Sage: Annual report 2015. Sage.
MORE REFERENCES
Downs, Jim. "2. “LIKE PEOPLE IN HISTORY”: WHY SOCIAL HISTORY MATTERS TO THE LGBT
COMMUNITY". Reckoning with History: Unfinished Stories of American Freedom,
edited by Jim Downs, Erica Armstrong Dunbar, T. K. Hunter and Timothy Patrick
McCarthy, New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press, 2021, pp.
18-46. https://doi.org/10.7312/down19256-004
Harward, H. (2021, December 9). A history of the intersection of American healthcare and
the LGBTQ+ community. Healthcare and Medical News for Atlanta Physicians.
https://mdatl.com/2021/12/lgbtq-and-healthcare/
By:Jay Lynn Thevenin
Community, Faith Based, and
Government
organizations for LGBTQ+ Older
Adults.
By: Vance Darby
Community Resources
SAGE (Services & Advocacy for GLBT Elders)
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Overview: SAGE is the largest and oldest national organization dedicated to improving the lives of LGBTQ older
adults.
Services: Offers advocacy, community building, and support programs, including in-person services and virtual
events like social groups and health workshops.
SAGE National LGBTQ Elder Hotline: Provides free, confidential support for older LGBTQ adults seeking information
or simply a compassionate ear.
Website: SAGE
National Resource Center on LGBT Aging
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Overview: This center is the first and only resource center for LGBTQ aging, providing education, resources, and
training to improve services for LGBTQ older adults.
Services: Resources for LGBTQ individuals, caregivers, and professionals, along with training for those working with
older adults.
Website: National Resource Center on LGBT Aging
Faith Based Organizations
Metropolitan Community Church (MCC)
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Overview: A Christian denomination that has long been a spiritual home for LGBTQ people. MCC is
dedicated to social justice and often partners with LGBTQ organizations.
Services: Provides worship, pastoral care, and community outreach for LGBTQ people of all ages.
Website: MCC Church
United Church of Christ (UCC)
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Overview: The UCC is known for being one of the most LGBTQ-affirming Christian denominations. They
are active in advocating for LGBTQ rights and offer inclusive worship.
Services: Many UCC congregations have LGBTQ ministries, offer inclusive religious services, and provide
spiritual care to LGBTQ seniors.
Website: UCC Church
Government Services and Programs
Older Americans Act (OAA) Programs
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Overview: The OAA is a federal law that funds services for older adults, including congregate meals, home-delivered
meals, transportation, and caregiving support. Many of these services are accessible to LGBTQ older adults.
Inclusion of LGBTQ Needs: While not explicitly LGBTQ-specific, the Administration for Community Living (ACL)
has pushed for LGBTQ-inclusive services under the OAA. The National Resource Center on LGBT Aging, a grantee
of ACL, works to ensure OAA programs are inclusive.
Website: Administration for Community Living
Medicare
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Overview: Medicare is the federal health insurance program for people aged 65 and older, as well as younger
individuals with disabilities. It covers hospital stays, doctor visits, prescription drugs, and more.
LGBTQ-Specific Considerations: Medicare provides services to all eligible older adults, including LGBTQ
individuals. However, it’s important for LGBTQ older adults to seek LGBTQ-friendly providers for culturally competent
care, and resources like the National LGBTQ+ Health Education Center can assist in identifying these providers.
Website: Medicare
LGBTQ+ Specific Retirement
Communities
Overview: These are senior living facilities designed specifically for LGBTQ+ older adults, offering
a safe and welcoming environment where residents can live without fear of discrimination.
Examples:
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Fountaingrove Lodge (Santa Rosa, CA): An LGBTQ+ retirement community offering
independent living, assisted living, and memory care services.
Spirit on Lake (Minneapolis, MN): Affordable LGBTQ+ senior housing.
The Palms of Manasota (Florida): A gay and lesbian retirement community with a focus on
fostering a sense of belonging.
Niche Focus: These communities are tailored to the social, cultural, and health needs of LGBTQ+
seniors.
LGBTQ+ Elders of Color Networks
Overview: LGBTQ+ older adults of color often face compounded discrimination due to both their
racial/ethnic and LGBTQ+ identities. Networks and programs focus on addressing these
intersectional challenges.
Examples:
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National Black Justice Coalition's Elders Council: Offers programs and resources
specifically for Black LGBTQ+ seniors, focusing on addressing racial disparities in aging
services.
Audre Lorde Project (New York): Provides support and community for LGBTQ+ people of
color, including elders, with a focus on social justice and community organizing.
References
Administration for Community Living. (n.d.). Homepage. https://acl.gov/
Medicare. (n.d.). Homepage. https://www.medicare.gov/
United Church of Christ. (n.d.). Homepage. https://www.ucc.org/
Metropolitan Community Churches. (n.d.). Homepage. https://www.mccchurch.org/
SAGE USA. (n.d.). Homepage. https://www.sageusa.org/
National Resource Center on LGBT Aging. (n.d.). Homepage. https://www.lgbtagingcenter.org/
Mona Mahboobi
Challenges and Resilience and The impact of lifelong
Discrimination on the Mental Health of LGBT Elderly Adult
Diversity and Aging
Dr. Grace da Rosa
•LGBT elderly adults represent a delicate
population that faces unique challenges related to
lifelong discrimination, social isolation, and health
disparities (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016). The mental
health of LGBT elderly adults is greatly shaped by
lifelong discrimination; however, resilience
emerges as a powerful tool in counteracting these
negative effects (Pereira & Silva, 2021). According
to research, the effects of stigma and
discrimination place older LGBT adults at a higher
risk for mental health challenges compared to their
heterosexual peers (Yarns & Abrams, 2016;
Romero, Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
Barriers affect LGBT
elderly’s physical and
mental health
conditions
•
Family Rejection: Many LGBT individuals experience rejection from their
families, which can lead to isolation. As they age, the lack of family support
can increase feelings of loneliness and depression (Fredriksen-Goldsen,
2012).
•
Fear of Discrimination in Elder Care: LGBT elderly adults often fear
discrimination in senior care facilities and healthcare organizations, which
leads them to avoid necessary medical and mental health care. This
avoidance can worsen both their physical and mental health conditions
(Simone & Appelbaum, 2011).
•
Healthcare Discrimination: Discrimination in healthcare settings prevents
LGBT elderly adults from receiving proper care. Many older LGBT
individuals have experienced negative encounters with healthcare
providers, making them reluctant to seek medical or psychological
assistance when needed (Romero, Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
•
Lack of Socially Aware Care: Healthcare workers and clinicians often lack
training on the specific needs of LGBT elderly adults, resulting in inadequate
care and increasing their vulnerability to mental health issues (Pereira &
Silva, 2021).
•
Microaggressions and Overt Discrimination: LGBT elderly adults often
encounter both subtle (microaggressions) and overt forms of discrimination.
These negative social interactions compound their mental health struggles,
making it harder for them to feel safe and supported in their communities
(Handlovsky & Bungay, 2018).
•
Social isolation is a significant challenge for older LGBT adults, exacerbated
by both the aging process and societal prejudice. Many older LGBT
individuals feel disconnected from the younger LGBT community and
experience a sense of invisibility or neglect within both the broader aging
and LGBT communities. This social isolation can contribute to heightened
rates of depression, anxiety, and other mental health issues among older
LGBT individuals (Yarns & Abrams, 2016).
• Lifelong discrimination substantially affects the mental health of LGBT elderly adults. Experiences of homophobia,
transphobia, and other forms of prejudice throughout their lives contribute to higher levels of stress, anxiety, and
depression (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016; Yarns & Abrams, 2016)..
These individuals often face unique barriers to
healthcare access, which exacerbates their
sensitivity to psychological distress. The blend of
social and systemic difficulties compounds over
time, leading to increased isolation and worsening
mental health concerns (Simone & Appelbaum,
2011; Romero, Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
Minority Stress: The concept of minority stress
refers to the chronic stress experienced by LGBT
individuals due to their marginalized identity. This
persistent stress worsens mental health problems
over time, resulting in more severe psychological
distress in later life (Pereira & Silva, 2021;
Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016).
Economic and
Housing
Discrimination
• Due to historical employment discrimination
and lower wages, many LGBT seniors have
fewer financial resources and savings than
their heterosexual peers (Fredriksen-Goldsen,
2012). Living on fixed incomes or budgeted
lifestyles without economic support or
financial security increases stress and can
lead to difficulties in meeting fundamental
needs (Romero, Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
• Limited Access to Spousal Benefits: LGBT
older adults, especially those who were not
legally allowed to marry for much of their lives,
often fail to benefit from spousal benefits,
Social Security survivor benefits, and other
financial protections that would improve their
financial security in retirement. This lack of
benefits is a critical issue for many LGBT
elders. The denial of spousal benefits forces
elderly LGBT individuals to live without a
financial safety net, despite many having paid
into it throughout their entire working lives
(Simone & Appelbaum, 2011).
Economic and Housing
Discrimination:
Experiences of Discrimination: Elderly LGBT individuals often face housing
discrimination based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. This
discrimination can occur when they try to rent or buy homes, enter assisted living
facilities, or seek housing in senior communities. Discrimination from landlords,
housing specialists, and even other residents makes it difficult for LGBT elders to
secure stable, harm-free quality living environments (Romero, Goldberg, &
Vasquez, 2020).
Many LGBT older adults fear transparency and sometimes feel compelled by
societal biases to hide their identity as a means of protection from the discrimination
they may face when their sexuality is revealed. The fear of harassment or
mistreatment can heighten anxiety, leading to social isolation and accompanying
mental health struggles (Pereira & Silva, 2021).
Higher Rates of Homelessness: LGBT older adults are at a greater risk of
homelessness compared to their heterosexual peers. This risk often arises from a
combination of economic insecurity, family rejection, and housing discrimination.
LGBT elderly individuals who lose their housing may struggle to find new, affordable
living arrangements, which can lead to homelessness or housing instability
(Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016; Romero, Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
Social Isolation and Lack of Support
Networks:
Limited Family Support: Many LGBT older adults do not have traditional
family support networks due to separation or disconnection based on their
sexual orientation or gender identity. Without family to assist in caregiving or
provide financial support, they are more vulnerable (Fredriksen-Goldsen,
2012).
Reliance on Community Resources: Many LGBT elders become heavily dependent
on LGBT-specific community organizations for housing support, social services, and
advocacy. However, these resources are often limited, and not all communities have
access to LGBT-affirming housing services. As a result, some LGBT elders are left
without the critical help they need (Yarns & Abrams, 2016; Romero, Goldberg, &
Vasquez, 2020).
Limited benefits
Long-Term Effects of Employment Discrimination:
LGBT individuals often face lower lifetime earnings,
less access to benefits, and smaller retirement
savings due to employment discrimination. These
economic disparities put them at a higher risk for
housing instability or homelessness, especially in
their later years (Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2016).
Delayed Professional Growth: Workplace
discrimination frequently limits LGBT individuals’
opportunities for career advancement, reducing
their earning potential. Being passed over for raises
or professional development opportunities due to
discrimination hinders both their financial stability
and career growth (Pereira & Silva, 2021).
Limited Legal Protections: Some areas have legal
protections against housing discrimination based
on sexual orientation or gender identity; however,
these laws are not universally enforced or available
in all regions, leaving many LGBT individuals
without adequate protection (Romero, Goldberg, &
Vasquez, 2020).
Challenges
Faced by
LGBT elderly
Married
Couples
Hidden Identities : Some may Elderly feel hesitant to Share their sexual
orientation or married status in long-term care facilities due to distress of
harassment or harm and being abuse, which can delay access to quality
care.
Limited Access to Spousal Benefits for Long-Term Couples:
LGBT couples who stayed together for several years before the legalization
of same-sex marriage may still experience challenges in accessing certain
spousal benefits. In some cases, Social Security and pension benefits are not
effective from an earlier date, which means that older LGBT couples who
were not legally accepted earlier in life may lose out on key financial
protections.
Social Isolation in Later Life: While marriage can reduce isolation for many,
some LGBT elders still experience social isolation due to absence of family
support or acceptance. For LGBT older adults who have been divided from
their biological families, the absence of a larger care system can limit the
positive impacts of marriage on their overall quality of life.
How To Address The
Issues
• Counseling and Therapy: Access to mental
health services is essential for LGBT elders,
especially services that are affirming and
understanding of their unique experiences.
Therapeutic support can help LGBT seniors
process past traumas, such as family rejection
or experiences of discrimination, and improve
their overall mental health and well-being
(Yarns & Abrams, 2016).
•
Inclusive Environments and Local
Community Organizations: Creating a
welcoming and inclusive environment in
healthcare settings is crucial. This includes
using inclusive language, ensuring nondiscrimination policies are in place, and
addressing patients by their preferred names
and pronouns. A more inclusive environment
helps build trust and encourages LGBT elders
to seek care more readily (Pereira & Silva,
2021; Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2012).
How to address the issues
• Healthcare providers should be trained to recognize the unique
concerns of LGBT elders, such as their higher risk for mental
health conditions like depression and anxiety due to lifelong
stigma. Providers should also be aware of the higher prevalence
of certain health conditions, such as HIV/AIDS among older gay
men or higher cancer risks among transgender individuals
(Fredriksen-Goldsen, 2012; Yarns & Abrams, 2016).
• Comprehensive Health Screenings: LGBT seniors often have
different health risks, such as higher rates of smoking, substance
use, and specific cancers. Healthcare providers should conduct
comprehensive screenings that take these risk factors into
account, ensuring that LGBT patients receive preventive care
and early treatment when needed (Simone & Appelbaum, 2011).
• Many older LGBT adults live alone with limited family support
due to estrangement or lack of legal recognition for their
relationships. Education is key to addressing this. Chosen
Families—close friends, partners, and community members—
often fill the gap, offering essential emotional, financial, and
caregiving support as they age (Pereira & Silva, 2021).
• Community-Based Support: These organizations provide a safe
space for socialization, support, and services that cater to the
needs of older LGBT individuals. Support groups, recreational
programs, and health services are often provided within these
spaces, making them essential sources of assistance (Romero,
Goldberg, & Vasquez, 2020).
Question:
How does lifelong discrimination affect the mental health
of LGBT elderly adults, and what resilience strategies do
they develop to cope with these challenges?
•
Reference/ Source slides:
•
Pereira, H., & Silva, P. (2021). The importance of social support, positive identity, and resilience in the successful aging of older sexual minority
men. Geriatrics, 6(4), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6040098
•
Yarns, B. C., & Abrams, J. M. (2016). The mental health of older LGBT adults. Current Psychiatry Reports, 18(5), Article 69. Springer Science
Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-016-0697-y
•
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2024). Resilience and disparities among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Public Policy & Aging
Report, 21(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/21.3.3
•
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2012). The physical and mental health of lesbian, gay male, and bisexual (LGB) older adults: The role of key health
indicators and risk and protective factors. The Gerontologist, 53(4), 664-675. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns123
•
Handlovsky, I., & Bungay, V. (2018). Developing resilience: Gay men’s response to systemic discrimination. Health Promotion Practice, 19(5), 680687. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318768607
•
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K. I. (2016). Health equity and aging of bisexual older adults: Pathways of risk and resilience. Journals of Gerontology: Social
Sciences, 72(6), 963-972. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw120
•
Simone, M. J., & Appelbaum, J. S. (2011, February). Addressing the needs of older lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender adults. Consultant360.
https://www.consultant360.com/articles/addressing-needs-older-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-adults
•
Goldsen, J. (2017). Who says I do: The changing context of marriage and health and quality of life for LGBT older adults. The Gerontologist,
57(Suppl_1), S50-S59. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw168
•
Hawthorne, O. (2018). Understanding the structure, experiences and challenges of social support for older lesbian, gay and bisexual people: A
systematic review. Ageing & Society. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/3E032E36DDB3CF3C99F3CC10654A9802
•
Romero, A. P., Goldberg, S. K., & Vasquez, L. A. (2020). LGBT people and housing affordability, discrimination, and homelessness. UCLA School
of Law Williams Institute. https://escholarship.org/content/qt509184bz/qt509184bz.pdf
•
King, S. D. (2016). Influence of income, being partnered/married, resilience, and discrimination on mental health distress for midlife and older gay
men. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 20(2), 127-151. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2015.1127191
Religion and Spirituality
within LGBTQ older adults
Lakeisha Colvard
Common Beliefs & Practices
● Those in the LGBTQ community have both positive and negative experiences with their
faith. Most older individuals with the LGBTQ community turn to Christianity.
● LGBTQ older adults have a variety of religious beliefs and practices, and their
experiences with religion can be complex
● LGBTQ older individuals grew up in a time that where liking the same sex wasn’t as
accepting and more homophobic, when social media and online supports didn’t exist,
and when there were fewer welcoming faith communities .
● Many religions can be centers of stigma, prejudice and judgemental . This can lead
LGBTQ older adults to avoid religious institutions because they have a fear of being
rejected .
● Some LGBTQ older adults have been forced to abandon their religious beliefs due to the
worry about care provided by religious care organisations and/or staff with negative
beliefs about LGBTQ people and their lives. Some religious affiliation and religiousbased community networks can mitigate social isolation in older age.
Lakeisha Colvard
●
Culture Significance
Overtime LGBTQ older individual
experiene shifting social contexts from the
criminalization of homosexuality to the
Stonewall riots and the AIDS pandemic.
Most LGBTQ older adults are reluctant to
seek out religious support services because
they have experienced discrimination and
stigmatization which causes them to have a
fear of being rejected. The way the media
portray LGBTQ memebers can play a role in
increasing the visibility of LGBTQ adults, it
can help change cultural norms and
influence attitudes.
Lakeisha Colvard
Rituals and
Practices
For LGBTQ older adults, rituals and practices often focus
mainly on building a supportive community, affirming their
identity, engaging in activities that celebrate their lived
experiences, and accessing healthcare services that are
sensitive to their unique needs, including utilizing inclusive
language and acknowledging their pronouns, while also
navigating potential challenges related to social stigma
and discrimination they may have faced throughout their
lives; this could include participating in LGBTQ-focused
social groups, attending Pride events, maintaining
connections with chosen family, and seeking out
healthcare providers with LGBTQ competency training.
Churches and faith supporters sometimes offer special
Sundays or Sabbaths for LGBTQ older adults who are
exploring going to services or maybe even uncomfortable
at events. Mental health professionals can also implement
targeted interventions based on their clients' age and
religious background.
Lakeisha Colvard
Older LGBTQ people can practice religion in
denominations that are openly affirming of LGBTQ+
individuals, such as the Reform Jewish community,
the Episcopal Church, the United Church of Christ,
and some branches of Lutheranism, where they can
find welcoming and supportive communities to
worship in; however, not all churches within these
denominations are necessarily fully inclusive, so
research is important before joining a congregation.
Studies show that 38% of older LGBTQ adults
participate in religious or spiritual activities at least
once a month.
These include processions, carnivals, silent vigils, and
commemorative litanies. These rituals are symbolic
practices that connect LGBTQ+ members to a
transcendent sphere.
Faith & Healing
Lakeisha Colvard
Participation in Religion
Transgender Older Adults
48% of transgenders over the
age 60, participates in religion
and/or is religious.
Bisexual Older Males
54% of bisexual older men over
the age 60, participates in
religion and/or is religious.
White Gay Older Males
35% of white older men over the
age 60, participates in religion
and/or is religious.
Lakeisha Colvard
Death & The Afterlife
For LGBTQ older adults, religious beliefs can significantly impact their perspective on death and the
afterlife, often providing comfort and a sense of peace by offering the possibility of acceptance and reunion
with loved ones in the next life, particularly if they have faced discrimination or exclusion during their lives,
but this can also be complicated by negative experiences with religion due to homophobic interpretations;
the key factor is how their specific faith community welcomes and affirms their identity.
Beliefs in an afterlife can offer hope for a future where their identity is fully accepted and valued, reducing
anxiety about death.
LGBTQ+ older adults may experience bereavement differently than other groups, and may face additional
challenges such as poverty and isolation.
LGBTQ+ older adults may embrace the idea of interdependence, and reject the idea of relying on biological
family and children for care.
Lakeisha Colvard
Do you think certain
religions can be
judgemental because
of one's sexual
preference?
Lakeisha Colvard
In conclusion, most older LGBTQ+ adults are more likely to be religious than many of the
other minority adults, and religion can be an important asset for them. Religion and
spirituality can help older LGBTQ+ individuals maintain peace, dignity and, can help
alleviate social isolation. Some try to find and look for religious communities that support
them. Back in the day some religions were extremely judgemental, causing LGBTQ+ older
adults to avoid religious institutions.In today's society LGBTQ+ older adults have still
experienced traumatic events with Christianity in their lives, but still find religion and
spirituality to be sources of support and meaning. Some LGBTQ older adults attend
religious services, but many do not share their sexual orientation or gender identity with
clergy or parishioners. Others may attend services with family but keep their identity a
secret. Alot of LGBTQ older adults who attend services praise God on special Sundays or
Sabbaths that some Churches offer. Their beliefs in an afterlife can offer hope for a future
where their identity is fully accepted and valued, reducing anxiety about death.
Conclusion
Lakeisha Colvard
References
Homosexuality and religion - wikipedia. (n.d.-a).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion
Pastoral care for LGBTQIA elders. Parity. (n.d.). https://parity.nyc/pastoral-carefor-lgbtqia-elders
SAGE. (2018, May 29). Religious exemptions and LGBTQ+ Elder Services.
SAGE. https://www.sageusa.org/news-posts/religious-exemptions-and-lgbt-elderservices/
Spiritual themes in the lives of LGBT elders. National Resource Center on
LGBTQ+ Aging. (2024, June 28). https://lgbtagingcenter.org/library/item/spiritualthemes-in-the-lives-of-lgbt-elders/
Lakeisha Colvard
Daijah Williams
Origins & Early History
LGBTQ+ Minority (Older Adults)
Historical Roots & Origins
LGBTQ+ ( Minority Adults)
• As many of us may already know the historical roots and origins of minority LGBTQ
older adults have cause lots of social , political and cultural movements. Minority
LGBTQ older adults have always experienced discrimination especially in urban areas
to the point where individuals started to form communities and social clubs. These
communities were created so that the people identifying within that community can
feel safe and comfortable. Since the early 20th century there has been a major growth
of LGBTQ organizations however in the 1970s events like “Pride parades” began to
take place and surprisingly white people were very big advocates for these parades
and social events. Unfortunately beginning in the 1980s-19902s older LGBTQ adults
started to have a major AID crisis which ultimately affected several gay men which
then led to a significant loss within the LGBTQ population. This trauma has
significantly shaped the experiences of older LGBTQ adults today.
• There are many migration patterns associated with LGBTQ minority older adults, I would say the
most significant patterns are the ones influenced by several social, political and economic factors.
• Urban migration, international migration and the impact on social movements are very vital how
the older minorities of the LGBTQ community are today. After World War II many LGBTQ older
adults, mostly from rural areas migrated to cities like New York, San Francisco and Chicago.
Compared to other cities these cities were more adaptable and comfortable for those in that
community. Most of the time when these older adults coming from international countries ,and
smaller cities they are looking for an outlet and a more comfortable way of living particularly
because where they come from they get harsh discrimination, especially since most are older
adults.
• In all these migration patterns demonstrated that these minority older adults were on the hunt for
safety within a community, and over acceptance for the older LGBTQ individuals.
Historical events and policies
LGBTQ+ Minority Adults
• The experiences of LGBTQ older adult minorities have been profoundly shaped by historical events and policies. These
policies have ranged anywhere where from these adults being forced to change locations, civil rights struggle and wars.
• For many of years particularly in parts of North America, polices such as the Indian Removal Act of 1830 led to the loss of
many community structures, cultural practices , and land lost from those within the LGBTQ community. Sadly most of
these forceful relocations happened within rural and primarily poor communities. These relocations also made the older
LGBTQ minority adults loose their sense of identity. In most cases individuals within this particle community tend to form
safe spaces for themselves and certain areas within their city that they can go to and feel comfortable at. In most cities
within Northern part of American, LGBTQ individuals were often looked at as weird and automatically as minorities to
others and depending on where they were located often time they often relied hatred and death threats. For these older
LGBTQ people, the loss of cultural context and community support systems can be very important and profound. Many of
these individuals experienced the combined trauma of violence and LGBTQ marginalization, this lead to stigma and
isolation. Over the course of the years many LGBTQ minority older adults began to relocate to urban areas I search of
greater acceptance, this all happened mostly during the mid-20th century. This migration was often motivated by the
promise of better more comfortable communities, these individuals then established vibrant urban LGBTQ cultures. Many
older adults within the LGBTQ culture looked at this migration as a new better exciting path of life but I’m pretty sure most
had a bittersweet movement because they ultimately had to relocate.
Key Historical settlements & Communities
LGBTQ Minority Older Adults
• Throughout history, LGBTQ+ individuals have sought spaces where they could express their identities, find
community, and support each other. Most of these communities have evolved into significant settlements that
provided refuge and implemented activism and cultural development, mostly for older minority adults. Out of all
of the US the most recognized areas is in Greenwich Village in New York City. This city became a cultural and
political hub for LGBTQ+ individuals starting in the mid-20th century. There was an hotel called Stonewall Inn in
this area and that particular hotel became the site of the 1969 riots that started the modern LGBTQ+ rights
movement. To me that is very important because those riots that took place were the beginning of a lot of
activism that goes on now within that community especially with older minority adults. The older adults in the
LGBTQ+ community that were around during that era are now able to enlighten the younger LGBTQ+ adults on
all of the riots and events that took place back then during the 1960s. Greenwich Village neighborhood in New
York City was one of the most notable areas for LGBTQ+ adults on the east coast back then however on the
west coast Palm Springs, California also emerged as a significant settlement for LGBTQ+ older adults, this area
has primarily been a retirement destination for these adults. This area is known for their inclusive atmosphere and
fun activities that they have around. This city is amazing for the LGBTQ+ minority older adults because its
already a retirement destination and the areas and communites within the city make it a great hot spot for these
individuals.
Notable Leaders/Figures
LGBTQ+ Older Adults
• As we know the LGBTQ+ community has rich and deep history, these historical moments were all
possible with several courageous individuals who paved they way for how the lgbtq+ community is
today. These leaders have been doing remarkable things within the LGBTQ+ rights movement since as
early as the 1950s. Frank Kameny was one of the key figures in the early lgbtq+ movement, Kameny was
one of the first people to challenge the U.S government’s discriminatory policies against gay individuals.
He famously fought against his dismissal from the federal government due to his sexual orientation,
becoming a leading advocate for LGBTQ+ rights. Kamenys efforts to promote the idea that being gay
was not a mental illness helped to change public perceptions and laid the foundation for future activism.
Another strong leader and activist around this time was a lady by the name Barbara Gittings, she is
mostly known for her work in LGBTQ+ literature and activism, Gittings organized early protests and
pushing for the inclusion of LGBTQ+ individuals in several ways within different communities and society
in general. Her advocacy for the representation of LGBTQ+ people in media and literature helped pave
the way for better understanding and acceptance within mainstream culture. Overall, these leaders and
figures played major roles in the early LGBTQ+ rights movement. Their courage, dedication and social
justice paved the way for future activists but also inspired several individuals to embrace their identities
and fight for their rights.
Johnson, M. R., & O'Connor, M. K. (2016). Historical perspectives on LGBTQ+ aging: A research agenda. The Journals of
Gerontology: Series B, 71(4), 618-628
Emmel, D. C. (2008). The history of LGBTQ+ aging. In R. H. Kauffman & B. A. Sokolovsky (Eds.), Aging and the life course: A
sociological perspective (pp. 195-213). Waveland Press.
Stein, M. (2012). LGBTQ+ older adults and the challenges of aging: The intersection of identity, culture, and experience.
Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 24(3), 289-306.
Treadway, D. C., & Garrison, K. (2019). Historical and contemporary challenges facing LGBTQ+ older adults: Implications for
social work practice. Social Work, 64(3), 235-245.
McBride, K. M., & Morrow, K. (2008). The role of LGBTQ organizations in addressing the needs of older adults. Journal of
Aging & Social Policy, 20(4), 399-415.
REFERENCES
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