Essay on Walter Benjamin’s Philosophy of Art
In his essay "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction," Walter Benjamin
discusses the transformative impact of mass reproduction on art's essence.
Benjamin's notion of 'aura' describes the unique presence and authenticity inherent in a
work of art. He argues that mechanical reproduction, such as photography and film, erodes this
aura. The 'aura' encompasses the work's history, its physical presence, and its exclusivity. For
example, Benjamin notes, "Even the most perfect reproduction of a work of art is lacking in one
element: its presence in time and space, its unique existence at the place where it happens to be"
(Benjamin, 2). This loss of aura signifies a detachment from the domain of tradition and a shift in
the function and reception of art in society. Increased accessibility could foster a broader cultural
engagement, leading to a richer collective understanding and appreciation of art. The 'aura' of a
masterpiece shifts from an elitist, singular experience to a more communal and diverse one. This
communal experience does not negate the artwork's uniqueness but recontextualizes it within a
more inclusive framework. The mass appeal of art, thus, can be seen as enriching its significance
by broadening its impact and relevance across different audiences and eras.
While Benjamin's arguments are insightful, I think that mass appeal does not necessarily
ruin the uniqueness of art. The accessibility of art through reproduction can globalize art
appreciation, allowing more individuals to engage with and interpret art. This widespread
engagement doesn't diminish an artwork's intrinsic value or uniqueness but rather enhances its
cultural and social significance. For instance, the reproduction of iconic paintings like Van
Gogh's 'Starry Night' doesn't diminish its artistic value but rather extends its influence and
appreciation. The uniqueness of an artwork is not only in its physical uniqueness but also in its
ability to evoke diverse interpretations and emotional responses across different audiences.
Beyond accessibility, the mass appeal of art through reproduction can also catalyze new
forms of artistic expression and creativity. Benjamin acknowledges the dynamic nature of art in
the context of reproduction, saying, "An analysis of art in the age of mechanical reproduction
must do justice to these relationships" (Benjamin, 5). This implies that while mechanical
reproduction alters the traditional aura, it simultaneously opens avenues for innovative artistic
practices. In this sense, the replication of art does not so much 'ruin' its uniqueness as it does
redefine it. The evolution of digital art and online art forms in recent times exemplifies this
transformation. Art, in its digitally reproduced form, not only retains its unique essence but also
adapts and evolves, reflecting contemporary cultural and societal shifts. Thus, the mass appeal of
art contributes to the ongoing evolution and diversification of artistic expression.
While Walter Benjamin's analysis of the 'aura' in art underlines significant changes
brought about by mechanical reproduction, the uniqueness of art transcends its physical
singularity. Mass reproduction and widespread appeal, rather than diminishing, can amplify an
artwork's significance, making its unique essence accessible and influential across varied
contexts and audiences.