COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
–8–
N10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
A3. (a)
Draw the complete diagram of the circuit that uses a potential divider, ammeter, voltmeter
and cell to measure the current-voltage characteristics for component X.
[3]
X
(This question continues on the following page)
8810-6505
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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N10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
(Question A3 continued)
(b)
The graph shows the current-voltage characteristics for the component X.
current / A
4
2
–5
–4
–3
–2
–1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
voltage / V
–2
–4
Component X is now connected across the terminals of a cell of emf 2.0 V and negligible
internal resistance. Use the graph to show that the resistance of X is 0.83 Ω.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c)
A resistor of constant resistance 1.0 Ω is connected in series with the cell in (b) and
with X. Use the graph to deduce that the current in the circuit is 1.3 A.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8810-6505
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PAGE 2
COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
– 13 –
M10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
(Question B2 continued)
Part 2
(a)
Electrical resistance and electric circuits
[2]
Define resistance and state Ohm’s law.
Resistance:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohm’s law:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (b)
A resistor made from a metal oxide has a resistance of 1.5 Ω. The resistor is in the form
of a cylinder of length 2.2 ×10–2 m and radius 1.2 ×10–3 m. Calculate the resistivity of
the metal oxide.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c)
The manufacturer of the resistor in (b) guarantees its resistance to be within ±10 % of
1.5 Ω provided the power dissipation in the resistor does not exceed 1.0 W. Calculate the
maximum current in the resistor for the power dissipation to be equal to 1.0 W.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This question continues on the following page)
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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M10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
(Question B2, part 2 continued)
(d)
The resistance of each of the resistors in the circuit below is measured to be 1.5 Ω with
an accuracy of ±10 %.
The cell has an emf of 2.0 V and negligible internal resistance.
(i)
Define emf.
[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii)
Determine the minimum and the maximum power that could be dissipated in
this circuit.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2210-6517
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[3]
COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
– 16 –
M10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+
B3. This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about an electrical heater. Part 2 is about heating a liquid.
Part 1
Electrical heater
An electrical heater consists of two heating elements E1 and E 2 . The elements are connected
in parallel. Each element has a switch and is connected to a supply of emf 240 V. The supply
has negligible internal resistance.
E1
E2
240 V supply
Element E1 is made from wire that has a cross-sectional area of 6.8 ×10−8 m 2 . The resistivity
of the wire at the operating temperature of the element is 1.1×10− 6 Ω m.
(a)
(i)
[1]
The total length of wire is 4.5 m. Show that the resistance of E1 is 73 Ω.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii)
Calculate the power output of E1 with only this element connected to the supply.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) Element E 2 is made of wire of the same cross-section and material as E1 . The
length of wire used to make E 2 is 1.5 m. Determine the total power output when
both E1 and E 2 are connected to the supply.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This question continues on the following page)
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
– 17 –
M10/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+
(Question B3, part 1 continued)
(iv) With reference to the power output, explain why it would be inappropriate to connect
the heating elements in series.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (b)
Each element in the electrical heater is wound as a coil as shown.
Each turn of the coil may be considered to act as a current-carrying long straight wire.
(i)
On the diagram, draw the magnetic field around a current-carrying long
straight wire. The arrow shows the direction of the current.
[3]
eye
current-carrying
wire
(ii)
State and explain whether the turns of wire will attract or repel one another.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M10/2/A2MGR/HP1/GRE/TZ0/XX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This question continues on the following page)
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PAGE 6
COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
– 16 –
N09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX+
(Question B2 continued)
Part 2
Electric circuits
The components shown below are to be connected in a circuit to investigate how the current I
in a tungsten filament lamp varies with the potential difference V across it.
(a)
Construct a circuit diagram to show how these components should be connected
together in order to obtain as large a range as possible for values of potential difference
across the lamp.
[4]
(This question continues on the following page)
8809-6505
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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(Question B2, part 2 continued)
(b)
On the axes, sketch a graph of I against V for a filament lamp in the range V = 0 to its
normal working voltage.
[2]
I
0
(c)
V
0
The lamp is marked with the symbols “1.25 V, 300 mW”. Calculate the current in the
filament when it is working normally.
[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (d)
The resistivity of tungsten at the lamp’s working temperature is7.4 ×10−7 Ω m. The total
length of the tungsten filament is 0.80 m. Estimate the radius of the filament.
[4]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (e)
The cell is connected to two identical lamps connected in parallel. The lamps are rated
at 1.25 V, 300 mW. The cell has an emf of 1.5 V and an internal resistance of 1.2 Ω. [4]
Determine whether the lamps will light normally.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8809-6505
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PAGE 8
COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
–7–
M09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
A2. This question is about electrical resistance.
(a)
A heating coil is to be made of wire of diameter 3.5 × 10–4 m. The heater is to
dissipate 980 W when connected to a 230 V d.c. supply. The material of the wire has
resistivity 1.3 × 10–6 Ω m at the working temperature of the heater.
(i)
Define electrical resistance.
[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii)
Calculate the resistance of the heating coil at its normal working temperature.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (iii) Show that the length of wire needed to make the heating coil is approximately 4 m.
[2]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This question continues on the following page)
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
–8–
M09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ2/XX+
(Question A2 continued)
(b)
Three identical electrical heaters each provide power P when connected separately to
a supply S which has zero internal resistance. On the diagram below, complete the
circuit by drawing two switches so that the power provided by the heaters may be
either P or 2P or 3P.
supply S
2209-6517
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[2]
COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
– 18 –
M09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+
(Question B3 continued)
Part 2
(a)
Electric fields and electric circuits
Two parallel, charged metal plates A and B are in a vacuum.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
–
–
–
A
P•
–
–
–
–
B
At a particular instant an electron is at point P.
On the diagram, draw
(b)
(i)
the electric field pattern due to the plates.
[3]
(ii)
an arrow to represent the direction of the force on the electron at P.
[1]
The acceleration of the electron at P is 8.8 ×1014 m s −2 . Determine the magnitude of the
electric field strength at the point P.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (c)
The electric potential energy of the electron changes by 1.9 ×10−17 J as it moves from one
plate to the other. Show that the potential difference between the plates is 120 V.
[1]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This question continues on the following page)
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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M09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+
(Question B3, part 2 continued)
(d)
A resistor R and a filament lamp L are connected in series with a battery. The battery has
an emf of 12 V and internal resistance 4.0 . The potential difference across the filament
of the lamp is 3.0 V and the current in the filament is 0.25 A.
12 V
R
(i)
L
[2]
Define emf and describe the concept of internal resistance.
emf:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Internal resistance:
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ii)
[1]
Calculate the total power supplied by the battery.
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(iii) Calculate the power dissipated in the external circuit.
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2209-6511
1920
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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M09/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ1/XX+
(Question B3, part 2 (d) continued)
[3]
(iv) Determine the resistance of the resistor R.
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2020
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COMBINED IB SL ELECTRICITY QUESTIONS 2009-10
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SPEC/4/PHYSI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX
A2. This question is about an electric circuit.
A particular filament lamp is rated at 12 V, 6.0 mA. It just lights when the potential difference
across the filament is 6.0 V.
A student sets up an electric circuit to measure the I-V characteristic of the filament lamp.
In the circuit, shown below, the student has connected the voltmeter and the ammeter into the
circuit incorrectly.
A
12 V
S
100 k
V
The battery has e.m.f. 12 V and negligible internal resistance. The ammeter has negligible
resistance and the resistance of the voltmeter is 100 k. The maximum resistance of the
variable resistor is 15 .
(a)
Explain, without doing any calculations, whether there is a position of the slide S at
which the lamp will be lit.
[3]
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (b)
[2]
Estimate the maximum reading of the ammeter.
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(Question A2 continued)
(c)
Complete the circuit diagram below showing the correct position of the voltmeter and of
the ammeter in order to determine the I-V characteristic of the filament lamp.
[2]
12 V
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