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Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::01. Intoduction to PharmacologyCompare drugs and placebos"<b>Drug:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">active substance</span> w direct effect in&nbsp;diagnosis,
cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease<br><br><b>Placebo:<br></b>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inactive substance</span> administered as
though it is a drug, but which has <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no therapeutic effect</span> (other than pleasing patient)<br>- doctors can't presrcibe this anymore as it's 'deceitful'"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerWhat is cancer?"- group
of diseases characterized by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">unregulated cell growth</span> and the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">invasion and
spread of cells</span> from the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">primary site to other parts</span> of the body.<br>- It arises from a loss of normal growth/mitotic control, as lots of cells may be produced @ high rate which clump together forming tumour<br><img src=""paste-f4d79a0a40cfe0c5c6d8936acf255f522c04774f.jpg"" width=""151"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerCompare benign vs malignant tumours"<b>Malignant:</b><br>- cancer<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">uncontrolled proliferation</span> of cells w capacity to <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">invade</span> locally and spread to distant sites (metastasise)<br><br><b>Benign:</b><br>- tumour which <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">doesn't invade</span> neighbouring tissues, doesn't metastasise, but may <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">locally grow</span> to signifcant size"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerBriefly describe how metastatic spread occurscancer cells enter bloodstream thru capillaries &amp; spread to other body parts from there<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- or thru lymphatic vessels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerWhy may ordinary cells become cancer cells?- environmental/lifestyle influences<br>- viruses<br>- inheritance (can inherit damaged DNA)<br>- natural cell processes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to Cancer"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">carcinogenesis</span>"process where normal cells undergo processes resulting in it exhibiting biological hallmarks of cancer
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerWhat are the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of cancer?<b>Non-modifiable:</b><br>1. age<br>2. genetics<br><br><b>Modifiable:</b><br>1. lifestyle<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - smoking<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - BMI<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - alcohol<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - UV light<br>2. infection<br>3. occupational exposures (e.g. to asbestos)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to Cancer"Describe the epidemiological
trends of cancer in the UK + globally"increasing
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsDescribe the functions of blood in the human body"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Transport system</span><br>- supplies O2, and returns CO2 to lungs<br>- distributes hormones<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Regulates body temp</span><br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Defence &amp; repair system</span><br>- e.g. due to WBCs"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat are the components of blood?"1. <b>Cellular:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">RBCs</span> (erythrocytes)<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">WBCs</span> (leukocytes)<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Platelets</span> (thrombocytes)<br><br>2. <b>Plasma</b>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is the name of the process of the manufacture of blood?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haematopoiesis</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"What are the main cells involved in <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haematopoiesis</span>?"Stem cells in bone marrow. They can:<br>- self-replicate<br>- proliferate<br>- differentiate<br>into specialised progenitor cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"What is <font color=""#ff3b30"">haematopoiesis</font> regulated by?"growth factors (e.g. erythropoietin)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"What are the function of <font color=""#ff3b30"">stromal cells</font>?"provide structural and physiological support for stem cells so keeps them viable
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsExplain the structure of RBCs"- contains <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haemoglobin</span> which allows them to carry O2 and CO2<br>- contains <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">4 globin chains</span> each, each w its own <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haem molecule</span><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">biconcave disc</span> shape, as it's optimal for bloodflow and increases SA:V<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no nuclei </span>so more O2 and CO2 can bind to it"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat abormalities may occur relating to RBCs?- Anaemia (due to deficiency in iron, B12 or folate)<br>- Polycythaemia (too many RBCs)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat substances are needed for RBC production?- Iron<br>- B12<br>- folate (same as folic acid)<br>- Erythropoietin (growth factor)<br><br>- RBCs produced in the kidneys
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat are the types of WBCs?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Granulocytes</span> (aka polymorphs)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- these include <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neutrophils</span><br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Lymphocytes</span><br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Monocytes</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat are the key features of neutrophils?- mobile<br>- chemotactic (able to follow chemical signals)<br>- phagocytic<br>- rich in toxins &amp; enzymes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is the main function of neutrophils?part of immune system as it helps fight infections
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsState the word used to describe an ^/decrease in neutrophils"Increase:<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neutrophilia</span><br><br>Decrease:<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neutropenia</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is the function of monocytes?"- mainly housekeeping: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phagocytoses to destroy pathogens and debris</span><br>- produce <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cytokines<br></span>- process &amp; present antigens"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat do monocytes enter tissues as?mature macrophages
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs<b>Lymphocytes:</b><br>a) formed from?<br>b) types?<br>c) how can you tell the above types apart under light microscope?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lymphoid stem cells</span> which undego&nbsp;differentiation &amp; proliferation<br><br>b) - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">B Cells</span><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T Cells<br></span><br>c) you can't - they look identical under light microscope"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsName some WBC disorders. Explain what WBC disorders lead to?•&nbsp;aplastic anaemia - where bone marrow malfunctions and stops producing RBCs, WBCs &amp; platelets<br>•&nbsp;acute leukaemia - cancer of bone marrow so can't produce normal BCs<br><br>•&nbsp;WBC disorder lead to increased vulnerability to infection as not as many healthy WBCs involved in immune response
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is leukaemia?- malignant cancer of the blood and bone marrow<br>- leads to anaemia, vulnerability to infection (due to lack of healthy WBCs) &amp; bleeding (due to lack of platelets)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::02. Intro to Nutrition + MetabolismHow can you grow a higher no. fat tissue/cells?- you can't - they just get bigger in size
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::02. Intro to Nutrition + MetabolismWhat is metabolism?- the study of molecular processes in human body
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::02. Intro to Nutrition + MetabolismWhat is a covalent bond?electrostatic forces of attraction between nuclei of 2 atoms and the shared pair of electrons between them
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::02. Intro to Nutrition + MetabolismWhat is an ionic bond?electrostatic forces of attraction between +ve and -ve ions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::02. Intro to Nutrition + MetabolismWhat are the major types of biomolecules?- nucleic acids (DNA &amp; RNA)<br>- proteins<br>- carbohydrates<br>- lipids
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ§ Psychology::02. Intro to Psychology in MedicineWhat is psychology?scientific study of human behaviour &amp; mind
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ§ Psychology::02. Intro to Psychology in MedicineCompare &amp; contrast biopsychosocial and biomedical models of health and illness<b>Biomedical model:</b><br>- biological factors lead to disease<br><br><b>Biopsychosocial model:<br></b>- biological, psychological &amp; social factors impact health &amp; wellness
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЊЏ Sociology::2. Intro to Sociology in Medicine"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sociology</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">scientific study of society, groups, social organisatons &amp; social interactions</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЊЏ Sociology::2. Intro to Sociology in Medicine"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">social forces</span>?"- anything created by humans that shapes, pressures or pushes ppl to behave or think in certain ways<br><br>- e.g. government, education, family, religion, media
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЊЏ Sociology::2. Intro to Sociology in MedicineCompare micro + macro sociology<b>micro:</b><br>- looks at the smaler picture, how ppl perceive and experience the social world<br>- may overlap w psych<br><br><b>macro:</b><br>- looks at bigger picture: social instiutions, culture<br>- may overlap w public health, law, med ethics
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What is the concentration (in mg/mL) of a 3% glucose solution?30mg/mL<br><br>* remember, 3% sol means theres 3g solute in 100mL solution
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"What is meant by the '<font color=""#ff3b30"">potency</font>' of a drug?"amount (dose) of drug required to produce an effect of given/certain intensity
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What is meant by the 'efficacy' of a drug?the max response that can be achieved by a drug
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What is meant by the 'variability' of a drug?the proportion of patients that will have the desired response of the drug
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"what is meant by the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">selectivity</span> of a drug? why is this clinically important?""- the degree to which a drug acts on the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">target site</span> <b>relative to other sites</b><br>- clinically imp bc a v selective drug is less likely to have U/E (e.g. overdose @ other sites)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?what is meant by the 'safety' of a drug?proportion of patients that wil have unwanted side effects (U/E)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?Are most drugs chemically active or inert?inert
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?How do drugs attach/have an effect on the body?- they bind transiently (protein interactions which are formed and broken easily) to command-and-control molecules in body bc their molecular structure are complementary - lock-and-key<br><br>- command-and-control molecules include: memb receptors, enzymes &amp; more
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?How do drugs work? Describe their mechanism.The drug makes transient physical contact / binds w receptor/command-and-control molecule, causing an electrical signal. This causes a cellular response which then triggers action of the tissue/organ/whole body. Afterwards, the drug and receptor/command-and-control molecule are unchanged
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"What 2 things may an&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">agonist&nbsp;</span>be?"- drug<br>- endogenous substance (substance that originates within the human body)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What are the stages when an agonist binds to a receptor?"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">affinity</span><br>- it binds to receptor, usu reversibly<br><br>2.<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""> intrinsic activity</span><br>- it activates receptor, signalling it to produce response. this is known as signal transduction. this is not reversible<br><img src=""IMG_E636406B01B2-1.jpeg"" width=""242"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?For most drugs, what is the relationship between dose and response when dose is plotted logarithmically?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sigmoid</span> relationship<br><img alt=""The sigmoid function (a.k.a. the logistic function) and its derivative"" src=""sigmoid_function.png"" width=""172"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?When a drug's dose and response have a logarithmic relationship, how can you double a drug's response?by increasing dose by x10
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?On graphs plotting a drugs' dose and response, what does ED₅₀ or EC₅₀&nbsp;mean?drug dose or conc required to produce 1/2 the maximal response
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-13 at 16.38.42.png"" width=""313""><br>What can you say about the efficacy, potency and receptors of Agonists A &amp; B?""<span style=""color: rgb(77, 81, 86); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">•&nbsp;</span>Efficacy: same efficacy as both curves end at same 'increase in heart rate' so they have same max response<br><span style=""color: rgb(77, 81, 86);"">•&nbsp;</span>Potency: A is more potent than B as it has a smaller ED50 value (more potent the drug, smaller the ED50 value)<br><span style=""color: rgb(77, 81, 86);"">•&nbsp;</span>Receptor: may be acting on same receptor as curves are parallel"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What are these abbreviations for:<br>1. S/E<br>2. U/E<br>3. A/E<br>4. ADR1. side-effects<br>2. unwanted effects<br>3. adverse effects<br>4. adverse drug reaction
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pharmacovigilance</span>"the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of ADR
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What does a high/wide therapeutic index mean?"v few people taking an effective (the correct) therapeutic dose will also
experience adverse (toxic) effects<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-13 at 17.13.36.png"" width=""440""><br>first graph shows that you would need to take a dose that is a lot higher than the therapeutic (correct) dose to feel any A/E"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What is a drug's therapeutic window?"range
of drug concentrations within which a drug is working therapeutically
without side-effects<img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-13 at 17.19.12.png"" width=""407"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What are some sources of unwanted responses regarding drug selectivity/specificity?- Drug A may act on Type A receptors in other areas of the body - so ex. it acts on the right receptor but wrong organ of body&nbsp;<br>- Drug A may act receptor which is v similar to Type A receptor&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?What is meant by 'affinity' of a drug?extent to which a drug binds to receptors at any given conc of the drug, or the firmness w which the drug binds to the receptor
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1State the categories that different types of body fluids fit into- intracellular<br>- extracellular
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1"What are the main types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">extracellular fluids</span>?""- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">plasma</span>&nbsp;in blood<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">interstitial fluid</span> (surrounds most cells)<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">transcellular fluid</span> (highly specialised)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1Describe the distribution of body fluids in the body"- Most (around 60%) of the fluid is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">water</span><br>- rest is either <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">intracellular</span> or <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">extracellular fluid</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1What is the main function of water in the body?- acts as solvent in which solutes dissolve
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1Describe the composition of bloodmade up of:<br>- plasma (60%, liquid-y part)<br>- BCs (e.g. RBCs, WBCs)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1What are the main solutes in extracellular &amp; intracellular fluids?<b>Electrolytes:</b><br>- Na+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+<br>- proteins<br><br><b>Non-electrolytes:</b><br>- glucose<br>- phospholipids<br>- cholesterol<br>- urea
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1What are the main roles of body fluids?- site of biological reactions<br>- transport<br>- temp regulation&nbsp;<br>- lubricating&nbsp;<br>- cushioning&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">electrolytes</span> in the body?"minerals in your body that have an electric charge
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1How do we gain &amp; lose water?<b>Gain:</b><br>- diet (water &amp; food) (vast majority comes from here)<br>- metabolism<br><br><b>Loss:</b><br>- urine<br>- faeces<br>- sweat<br>- repiratory tract (e.g. air breathed out as it's moist)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1Explain how water content varies with age and sex- young &gt; old<br>- male &gt; female<br><br>- this is bc muscle tissue has more water in it than fat tissue, bc fat tissues have v little cytoplasm so v little interstitial fluid
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1What happens when&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;balance in body is too high?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hyponatraemia</span>:<br>- hypo
(low) natr
(natrium/sodium)
aemia (in
blood)<br>- electrolytes diluted due to too much&nbsp;H₂O<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">oedema</span>:<br>- pooling of fluid in interstitial spaces<br>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 1Why are very young and old people more suscepible to dehydration?<b>Young:</b><br>- can't get their own&nbsp;H₂O<br>- can't communicate need for&nbsp;H₂O<br>- high SA:V ratio, so higher risk of losing H2O (as more surface compared to body vol)<br>- susceptible to diarrhoea &amp; vomitting (as more likely to pick up bugs)<br>- immature kidneys (takes time for kidneys to gain function of retaining&nbsp;H₂O)<br><br><b>Old:</b><br>- can't get their own&nbsp;H₂O<br>- can't communicate need for&nbsp;H₂O<br>- low&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;content to start<br>- ageing kidneys<br><br>- basically unable to maintain homeostasis as well
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">diffusion</span>""passive
movement of molecules from area of high conc to area of low
conc via random molecular motion"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Explain what affects <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of diffusion</span>"1. <b>Temp</b><br>- higher temp = higher RoD<br><br>2. <b>Conc gradient</b><br>- larger gradient = higher RoD<br><br>3. <b>Size of molecule</b><br>- larger molecules diffuse slower<br><br>4. <b>Area over which diffusion can occur</b><br>- higher SA = higher RoD<br><br>5. <b>Solubility in solvent</b><br>- more soluble = higher RoD<br><br>6. <b>Memb properties</b><br>- degree of permeability
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmosis</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(50, 61, 67);"">- </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">diffusion</span><span style=""color: rgb(50, 61, 67);"">
</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">of water across a </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">selectively (semi) permeable membrane</span><span style=""color: rgb(50, 61, 67);"">,</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> from&nbsp;area
of high solvent/low solute conc to area of low
solvent/high solute conc</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmotic pressure</span>""<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- physical pressure (in kPa) required to prevent&nbsp;flow of solvent through a
memb</span></div><div><br></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">-&nbsp;maintains the diffs between
fluid compartments (otherwise cells might burst!)</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">-&nbsp;proportional to</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);""> osmotic
strength</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> of solution</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- can't directly measure, so use osmolarity/osmotic strength</span></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmolarity</span>""-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">number</span>
of osmotically active&nbsp;particles&nbsp;(particles that experience osmotic pressure)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- reflects <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">moles per litre</span><span style=""color: rgb(50, 61, 67);""> </span>of solution<br><br>- used bc can't measure osmotic pressure directly"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Define:<br>a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">molarity</span><br>b) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmolarity</span><br>c) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">equivalents</span>""a) measure of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no. molecules</span> within solution (moles)<br>b) measure of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no. osmotically active particles</span> within solution (osmoles)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - this is done bc no. molecules not necessarily same as no. particles<br>c) measure of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">conc of charge</span> in a solution (equivalents)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - many solutes in body are in form of charged particles (e.g. Na+)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2What do you need to calc molar conc (M) of solution?"- relative molecular mass (RMM) in grams of a molecule<br>- that molecule is dissolved in water<br>- &amp; made up to 1 litre<br><br>- e.g. RMM of glucose = 180<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;so 180g of glucose in 1L of water = 1 molar conc (1 M)<br><br>-<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp;1
mole = 6 x 10^23 molecules. The RMM tells you what
weight you need (in g) to have this many molecules. €, it varies for
diff molecules</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2What molar concs of solution would these make? (RMM glucose = 180g)<br>1. 18g glucose in 1L<br>2. 180g glucose in 0.1L<br>3. 90g glucose in 1L?1. 0.1M, or 100mM<br>2. 10M, or 10,000mM<br>3. 0.5M, or 500mM
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">molarity</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmolarity</span>""<b>molarity:</b><br>-&nbsp;moles of solute per litre of solution/ molar conc of solute<br>- units: M<br><br><b>osmolarity:</b><br>- refers to conc of osmotically active particles<br>- depends on no. solute particles<br>- units: osmoles<br><br>- for a solute that does not
dissociate (e.g. glucose):<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;1
molar = 1 osmolar<div></div>
<div>-&nbsp;for a solute that dissociates to
form 2 particles (ions) (eg. NaCl):</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;1
molar = 2 osmolar</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmolarity</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmolality</span>""<b>Osmolarity:</b><br>- no. osmotically active particles <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">per L</span> of water<br>- vol of water affected by change in temp, so change in temp affects osmolarity<br><br><b>Osmolality:</b><br>- no. osmotically active particles <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">per kg</span> of water<br>- osmolality independent of temp as mass of water not affected by change in temp"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2In the body, what is fluid movement determined by?balance of osmotic forces &amp; physical pressure
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2"What is meant by ""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tonicity</span>"" of solution?""-&nbsp;influence
of solution's osmolality on cell vol<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. ability of sol to modify cell vol by changing their water content"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2What is a ... solution?<br>a) isotonic<br>b) hypertonic<br>c) hypotonica)&nbsp;any external solution that has the same solute conc and water conc compared (/osmotic pressure) than another solution to which it is compared&nbsp;(usu a body fluid)<br><br>b) solution that has higher osmotic pressure than another solution to which it is compared<br><br>c) solution that has lower osmotic pressure than another solution to which it is compared
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02. Physiology of Body Fluids 2<b>What happens if RBC placed into:</b><br>a) isotonic solution<br>b) hypertonic solution<br>c) hypotonic solutiona)&nbsp;<b>isotonic solution</b><br>- solute conc inside cell = solute conc of solution, net&nbsp;H₂O&nbsp;movement unchanged<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell retains normal shape<br><br>b)&nbsp;<b>hypertonic solution</b><br>- solutes outside &gt; inside, water moves out of cell to 'dilute' the outside<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell shrinks &amp; crenates<br><br>c)&nbsp;<b>hypotonic solution</b><br>- solutes outside &lt; inside, H₂O&nbsp;from outside moves into cell to 'dilute' the cell<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell becomes swollen &amp; may burst (lyse)<br><br>- to answer these typs of Qs, basically j need to compare osmolality of solution relative to intracellular (inside actual cell) osmolality
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhat are the functions of biomembranes / biological membs / cell membs?- form boundary of all cells<br>- divide cells into compartments<br>- allow conc gradients to be established (as they're fluid &amp; semi-permeable)<br>- site for communication &amp; transport between cells&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesDescribe the structure of cell membs"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phospholipid bilayer</span>, of which its assembly is determined by the hydrophobic effect<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrophobic fatty acid tail</span> of phospholipid faces <b>inwards</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrophilic phosphate head</span> of phospholipid faces <b>outwards</b><br><img src=""paste-5ffc10debc40825286c405fe5d96912cd3bb3264.jpg"" width=""230"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes<div>Name some examples of <b>lipids</b></div>- fatty acids<br>- glycerols<br>- triglycerols<br>- phospholipids<br>- cholesterols
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhat cellular processes do lipids take part in?- compartmentalisation of cells w membranes<br>- energy storage<br>- cell signalling
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain why phospholipids can be described as <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">amphipathic</span>, and how does this facilitate its function in cell membranes?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- bc a
portion (the head) of the molecule is charged (<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">polar</span>) &amp; € hydrophilic,
while the rest (the tail) is uncharged (<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">non-polar</span>) &amp; € hydrophobic</span><br>- this means that the phospholipid bilayer forms as it does<br><br>Phospholipid labelled:<br><img src=""paste-ea98e87b551757bada6c39d811f569a35f25c77f.jpg"" width=""226"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesDescribe in detail the structure of a phospholipid"- both strands of the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">non-polar&nbsp;hydrophobic fatty acid tails</span> are linked to the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">glycerol backbone</span> via a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydroxyl (-OH) group</span> each. The glyercol backbone is then linked to a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phosphate group </span>which is linked to a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">small polar (charged) alcohol hydrophilic head group</span> (e.g. serine, creating phosphatidylserine)<br><br>The below shows 3 diff phospholipids magnified:<br><img src=""paste-49621d510effe09623bab402969d12384213914a.jpg"" width=""270"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesDescribe the composition of phospholipids on either side of cell memb"<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- two faces of a memb [</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cytosolic</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">(inner leaflet) and</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exoplasmic</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">(outer leaflet)] are usu</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">asymmetrical</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> in phospholipid composition</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- in healthy cells, once certain phospholipid (eg. phosphotidylserine) is in its position on one side of memb, it</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">don't usu switch/flip to other side</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> - but</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">, </span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">flippase</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">enzymes' function is to cause phospholipid to flip to other side so that the cell is targeted for destruction by body</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - e.g. in below diagram, flippase may switch phosphatidylserine from inner to outer leaflet, &amp; body recognises this, so cell is targeted for destruction</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">&nbsp;</span><img src=""paste-c3a532a0dc262a75233e90de15e047c99570c2c3.jpg"" width=""143""></div><div>- this specific process (of programmed cell death) is known as <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">apoptosis</span></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesExplain why diff organelles have diff memb lipid compositionsAs it depends on which lipids best suit the function of specific organelles
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain the role of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">glycolipids</span> in cell membs""- ex. of compound lipid (carbohydrate combined w simple lipids such as phopholipids)<br>- attached to phospholipid in cell memb<br>- types: glucose, galactose<br>- can form antigens on cell surface (e.g. blood antigen groups)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-22 at 17.31.02.png"" width=""247"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What is the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">liquid crystalline phase</span> in cell membs?""- movement / fluidity of cell memb<br><img src=""paste-a6c8da0657d9abd350063ac0c45e69c1a1c0d1e4.jpg"" width=""194"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain the effect of having <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">saturated</span> vs <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">unsaturated</span> fatty acid tails in the phopholipid bilayer""<b>Saturated:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no double bonds</span>, € phospholipids can pack closely together, € <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">less room for movement</span> of fatty acids / phospholipids<br><br><b>Unsaturated:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">contains double bonds</span>, € creates <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">kink</span> in fatty acid chain tail, € phospholipids can't pack as closely together, € <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">kink provides room for movement</span><br>- monounsaturated means 1 double bond, polyunsaturated means multiple<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-23 at 18.02.55.png"" width=""298"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesPhospholipid's names may be given in numerical terminology. What does ... mean?<br>a) PC 18:0<br>b) PC 18:2n-6PC: type of phosphate head<br>18: number of Cs in chain<br><br>a) 0: 0 double bonds<br>b) 2n-6: 2 double bonds, 1st double bond is on 6th carbon<br><br>Basically: the letters are the type of phosphate head, and the numbers are the type of fatty acid chain tail
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhy may a membrane need flexibility?"<span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);""><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- to
allow movement and shape change of <b>membranes</b> for </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">endocytosis</span></span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">
and exocytosis</span><div><span style=""caret-color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><br></span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- to&nbsp;allow
movement and shape change of <b>proteins</b> within the membrane<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g., rhodopsin in response to light in
the eye</span></div><div><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- to
allow physical movement and shape change of cells for </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">chemotaxis</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp;(migration of cells toward attractant chemicals or away from repellents) and </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">phagocytosis</span><div></div><div></div></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lipid raft</span>? What effect does this have on the fluidity of the cell memb?""- regions within cell memb that have high enrichment of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cholesterol</span><br>- cholesterol has <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rigid ring structure</span> so makes memb less flexible<br><br><img src=""paste-971bcf71aad47f2ffb8c0b8bba7e4663ef55f2fc.jpg"" width=""387"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lipid signalling</span>?"Intracellular or extracellular cell communication involving lipids
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhat are the major lipid components of biological membs based on?glycerol, sphingosine &amp; sterols
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">vesicular transport</span>?"Exocytosis &amp; endocytosis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endocytosis</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- process
of bringing substance outside of cell into cell, wo it having to pass through the
cell memb as, instead, memb is encapsulating them to bring them in<br>- cell
memb folds inwards and takes in extracellular substances in small&nbsp;sphere
called a <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">vesicle<br></span></span><img src=""paste-71adebd1d440baf0668a47e498ef58ba22b16d13.jpg"" width=""232"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What are the main functions of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endocytosis</span>?""<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- Taking in nutrients and water
from the environment</span></div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">
</span><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- Regulating the composition of the cell
memb</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- Destruction of pathogens</span></div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">
</span><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- Presentation of antigens to activate the
immune system</span></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endocytosis</span>?"- pinocytosis<br>- phagocytosis<br>- receptor-mediated endocytosis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pinocytosis</span>""- this is the non-selective uptake of fluids &amp; solutes<br>- solutes dissolved in extracellular fluid brought into cell by memb pinching off into a vesicle<br><img src=""paste-d4c665e9575429699264b51ce8756f7c1e32409b.jpg"" width=""194"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phagocytosis</span>""- memb protrudes and engulfs particles and bring them into internal compartment called phagosome (similar to vesicle), which binds w other enzymes in body which break down said particle (e.g. bacteria, virus)<br><img src=""paste-cb24346aa73a083ea2f415f4ff0960dd553968a6.jpg"" width=""320"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">receptor-mediated endocytosis</span>. aka?""<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">-&nbsp;<b>Specific</b>
endocytosis</span></div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">
<div><br></div>
</span><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">-&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Selective
uptake</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">of large molecules into the cell</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">
<div></div>
</span><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">-&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Receptor proteins</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">on the cell
memb surface bind directly to the molecules that will be taken in through
endocytosis</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- AKA</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">clathrin
coated endocytosis</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""> </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">bc the protein clathrin is essential in forming the
vesicle as it forms clathrin coated pits on its outer surface</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div><div><img src=""paste-52a13db79c5dc0590b23f8f9db4d89bcfeb86420.jpg"" width=""310""><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><br></span></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"Explain <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exocytosis</span>"- vesicle memb fuses w cell memb, releasing the contents of the vesicle to the extracellular fluid
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesName and explain some disorders of vesicle transport<b>ChГ©diak-Higashi syndrome:</b><br>- disorder affecting vesicular transport protein, so less phagocytosis, so higher risk of infection<br><br><b>CEDNIK syndrome:<br></b>- disorder affecting vesicle's ability to fuse w cell memb, so can't exocytose properly
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhat is the function of proteins in cell membs?- transport of substances in &amp; out of cell<br>- cell signalling<br>- adhesion<br>- enzyme activity
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">membrane proteins</span>?""- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">peripheral</span> memb proteins<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">integral</span> memb proteins<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transmembrane</span> proteins"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Integral memb proteins:</b></span><br>a) located?<br>b) function?<br>c) includes?""a) <b>deeply embedded</b> in lipid bilayer (hence <i>integrated</i>)<br>b) gateway into cell/organelle, so ions, nutrients, etc can be transported in<br>c) all transmemb proteins are integral memb proteins<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-24 at 00.24.32.png"" width=""471"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes<b>Peripheral memb proteins:</b><br>a) located?<br>b) function?"a) not embedded in bilayer but instead linked to memb lipids OR integral memb proteins<br>b) - <b>support</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>transportation</b> - transporting <b>small</b> molecules &amp; electrons (electron transport chain). not involved in transport of larger things so don't have transport channels<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>cell signalling</b> - acting as messengers between ECM (extracellular matrix) &amp; integral proteins<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-24 at 00.31.12.png"" width=""248"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. Biomembranes<b>Transmemb proteins:</b><br>a) type of?<br>b) located?<br>c) structure?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">integral memb protein</span><br>b) <i>integrated</i> (fully embedded) into memb, but go thru lipid bilayer multiple times (unlike integral memb proteins)<br>c) All
transmembrane proteins contain both hydrophilic
and hydrophobic components. Oriented such that their hydrophilic
portions in contact with the aqueous exterior environment,
and their hydrophobic portions in contact with the fatty acid tails of the
phospholipids"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to ImmunologyBriefly describe the order of lines of defense of immune response"1. <b>First line of defense - nonspecfic physical barriers</b><br>- mechanical (e.g. skin)<br>- chemical (e.g. tears)<br>- reflexes<br><br>2. <b>Second line of defense - nonspecific innate immune system<br></b>- inflammation (to set up non-hospitable environment)<br>- fever ("")<br>- phagocytosis<br><br>3.&nbsp;<b>Third line of defense - specific immunity (AKA aquired/adapted immunity)</b><br>- cell-mediated response (triggered by T cells)<br>- humoral response (triggered by B cells)<br>- takes time (as it's specific)<br><br>innate &amp; adaptive immune systems work together"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to ImmunologyWhat is the function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?- filter lymph for waste and pathogens
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to ImmunologyIn lymph nodes, where can the following be found:<br>a) macrophages &amp; dendritic cells?<br>b) B cells?<br>c) T cells?<br>d) plasma cells?"a) role is to trap antigens, found in cortex &amp; paracortex<br>b)&nbsp; cortex<br>c)&nbsp; paracortex<br>d) medulla<br><br><img alt=""Lymphatic System: Definition, Function, Diagram &amp; Simple Explanation"" src=""Structure-of-a-lymph-node-VectorAlila-Medical-Medias.jpg-.jpg"" width=""369"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-1Label this lymph node"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-25 at 18.50.25.png"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-2Label this lymph node"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-25 at 18.50.25.png"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-2-Q.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-3Label this lymph node"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-25 at 18.50.25.png"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-3-Q.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""664c1768743b40c8b443edd422a2a870-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">complement protein</span>? What immune response are they part of?""- series of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">soluble enzymes &amp; proteins</span> present in circulation (blood), which are able to bind to pathogens and trigger <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enzyme cascade </span>leading to <b>destruction</b> of said pathogen<br>- part of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">innate immunity</span> (<b>rapid</b> response)<br>- ex. of soluble mediator (communicates for cells between cells)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology"Give ex. of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antigen-presenting cells</span>"- macrophages<br>- dendritic cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to ImmunologyWhat cells are involved both in the innate (rapid) and adaptive (slow) immune responses?- T cells<br>- cytotoxic T cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology<b>B cells:</b><br>a) what is on its surface?<br>b) what does it make?a) antigen-specific receptors<br>b) differentiate into plasma cells and secrete antibodies
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🤒 Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology"Describe the structure of an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antibody</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">•&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">variable region -</span> specfic to specific antibodies, so vary between diff antibodies, at the end of these are CDRs which recognise specific antigens<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">•&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">constant region -</span> constant portion of antibodies<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-26 at 14.37.02.png"" width=""361""><img src=""paste-7b9d6d073c0a83d8eb0123ebdd400c2cad800033.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology"What is the main role of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T cells</span>?""patrol body &amp; destroy unwanted cells (e.g. cancer cells), killing their targets using poisonous proteins (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cytotoxins</span>)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::03. Intro to Immunology"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">adaptive immune responses</span>? Explain the stages of how these work once a foreign antigen is first exposed to the body""<strong>Cell-mediated immunity:</strong> Involves the activation of T lymphocytes (T cells) to recognize and destroy infected or abnormal cells directly.<br><strong>Humoral immunity:</strong> Involves the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes (B cells) to neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction by other immune cells.<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-26 at 14.47.06.png"" width=""614"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionWhat are nutrients used for?- substrates for energy<br>- building blocks (e.g. protein -&gt; amino acids -&gt; muscle)<br>- cofactors in enzyme reactions<br>- regulators of cell function
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionIn the diet, what is the diff between essential, non-essential &amp; conditionally essential nutrients&nbsp;- essential - can't synthesise (make) ourselves, so must consume from diet<br>- e.g. can make sugar (glucose) ourselves, so it's non-essential<br>- conditionally - more essential at certain times (e.g. burn recoverers need more protein)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionWhat are these nutrients stored as if they are in excess:<br>a) sugar?<br>b) fat?<br>c) calcium?a) glycogen in liver &amp; muscle<br>b) adipose tissue<br>c) bones
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionGive ex. of <b>non-nutrients</b>- fibre<br>- phytochemicals (occur naturally in plants that provide their colour)<br><br>still healthy to eat as they provide health benefits. not considered nutrients as they are not digested or absorbed by body, and they have little calories
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🍳 Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionCan the microbiota be modified in a health-promoting way?<b>Probiotic approach:</b><br>- provide body w bacteria itself<br>- e.g. Yakult, Actimel<br><br><b>Prebiotic approach:</b><br>- provide body w fibres which the body's bactera like to eat, € encouraging them to grow &amp; replicate<br>- e.g. high fibre bread
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human Nutrition"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">malnutrition</span>?"<b>undernutrition:</b><br>- can be total (e.g. no access to food/nutrients) or specific to a specific macronutrient (e.g. protein malnutrition)<br><br><b>specific deficiencies:</b><br>- imbalanced nutrients intake<br><br><b>excess energy:</b><br>- overweight &amp; obesity<br>- energy dense diet (energy demands met, nutrient demands not)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionCompare acute &amp; chronic malnutrition"<b>acute:</b><br>- from not having access to food<br><img src=""paste-7cde64f726a23aa43bc9c5afece906412f66dc01.jpg"" width=""101""><br><br><b>chronic:</b><br>- growth is impaired, person looks younger than they are (but other than that seem healthy)<br>- hard to tell if someone has this, so must measure them<br><img src=""paste-78a34f4fc7b7b5c66a5d6ca054b6fce00442d63e.jpg"" width=""236""><div>(same age, so one on right suffering from chronic malnutrition)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionWhat's the diff between macro &amp; micronutrients"<b>macro</b> - nutrients your body needs in larger amounts, e.g. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">carbohydrates</span>, <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">protein</span>, &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">fat</span>. These provide your body with energy, or calories.<br><br><b>micro</b> - nutrients your body needs in smaller amounts, which are commonly referred to as <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">vitamins</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">minerals</span>."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🍳 Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionWhat are the key factors which influence nutritional demands?"<div>•
Stage
of development: fetus,
infant, child, adolescent, adult (young, middle aged and elderly)</div>
<div>• Rate
of growth</div>
<div>•
Level of physical activity</div>
<div>•
Pregnancy &amp; lactation</div>
<div>•
Infection &amp; inflammatory stress</div>
<div>•
Early life influences that set patterns for life (e.g.
growth trajectory)</div>
<div>•
Genes</div>
<div>•
Presence of disease</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"What is an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antagonist</span>?""- anything that <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">blocks target receptor </span>of agonist<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - doesn't physically change the agonist<br>- has <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">affinity</span> but <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">no intrinsic activity</span>. This is bc both agonists &amp; antagonists&nbsp;can bind to a receptor, but only agonists can activate the receptor"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?What are the types of drugs?- agonists<br>- antagonists
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antagonists</span>?""- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">competitive</span> (reversible)<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">non-competitive</span> (irreversible)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?<b>Competitive antagonists:<br></b>a) reversible or irreversible?<br>b) how do they work?<br>c) what does the extent of antagonism depend on?<br>d) how does this affect an agonist's potency? How can you overcome this?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">reversible</span><br>b) these antagonists directly&nbsp;<b>compete</b> with an agonist for binding to its
receptor, € reducing agonist's ability to produce a response. When these antagonists do bind, it's reversible, so afterwards the agonist binds to the receptor. € competitive antagonists reduce amount of time agonists can bind to receptor for&nbsp;<div>c) depends on <b>relative amounts</b> of agonist and antagonist<br></div><div>d) - more agonist required for same response, so decreases agonist's potency</div><div>- can overcome/surmount this by increasing amount of agonist used, as this means it can out-compete the antagonist and produce the same orignial efficacy</div><div><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-26 at 16.08.19.png"" width=""371""><br></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?<b>Non-competitive antagonists:</b><br>a) reversible or irreversible?<br>b) how do they work?<br>c) how is potency/efficacy of agonist affacted?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">irreversible</span><div><font color=""#fc0107""><span style=""caret-color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><br></span></font>b) - these agonists may occupy some of the receptor active sites irreversibly (or dissociate only v slowly). The agonist
cannot elicit a maximum response from the remaining receptors<br>- some non-competitive antagonists bind elsewhere on receptor (instead of normal receptor binding site) (reversibly or irreversibly), changing shape of receptor allosterically (@ another place) such that agonist cannot bind to its normal binding site</div><div><br>c) potency and efficacy decrease<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-26 at 16.18.00.png"" width=""322""></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?Explain the types of antagonism1. <b>Pharmacological antagonism</b><br>- antagonist that act at same target receptor as the agonist<br>- e.g. competitive (reversible) &amp; non-competitive (irreversible or allosteric)<br><br>2. <b>Pharmacokinetic antagonism</b><br>- antagonist that reduces conc of agonist in body by:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- $ing its absorption or distribution<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ^ing its metabolism or excretion<br><br>3. <b>Physiological antagonism</b><br>- 2 drugs or substances which have opposing phsyiological actions in the body via diff receptors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?What are the types of non-competitive antagonists?- irreversible<br>- allosteric
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">spare receptors</span>?""<div>- many<b> </b>agonists can produce maximal responses even by
activating only a proportion of their receptors (up to 100%)</div>- they are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">full agonists</span> and any remaining receptors are �<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">spare receptors</span>’<br>- having spare receptors <b>increases speed of response</b><br>- doesn't mean they're not used at all, spare receptor one time may not be spare receptor next time (&amp; vice versa)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Partial agonists:</span><br>a) what?<br>b) why is it used?""a) agonist that&nbsp;<b><u>cannot</u></b>
produce a maximal response even when occupying 100% of the receptors – they
have low efficacy (intrinsic activity)<br>b) - on
its own, a partial agonist acts as a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">weak agonist</span>.<div>But
in the presence of a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">full
agonist</span>, a partial agonist acts as a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">weak <b>antagonist</b></span></div><div>- e.g. In a
patient at rest, pindolol prevents HR falling too <span style=""font-style: italic;"">low</span>
(partial agonism), <u>and</u>
during exercise it prevents HR rising too <span style=""font-style: italic;"">high</span> when adrenaline (full agonist) is being produced
(partial antagonism).<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b><br></b></span></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?Give ex. of <b>drug targets</b>"All targets are a type of protein:<br>1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cell surface receptors</span><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nuclear receptors</span> (receptors located&nbsp;inside the cell, in either the cytoplasm or nucleus)<br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ion channels</span><br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">carrier proteins</span><br>5. intracellular or extracellular <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enzymes</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">receptor antagonists</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enzyme inhibitors</span>"•&nbsp;receptor antagonists - drugs that block receptors<br><br>•&nbsp;enzyme inhibitors - drugs that block enzymes by binding to their active site (reducing their catalytic activity)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. aspirin
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">drug tolerance</span> / <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tachyphylaxis</span>? How can this be tackled?""- On
repeated administration of <u>some</u>
drugs, <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">increasing doses </span>need to be given for the <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">same effect</span>&nbsp;as there's a gradual loss of response to a drug<br><b>&nbsp; &nbsp;</b>-<b>&nbsp;</b>an undesirable property<br>- can be tackled by gradually weaning off said medication then starting a new one OR taking higher and more freq doses of medication<br>- tolerance more gradual, tachyphylaxis more rapid<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-10-26 at 16.49.30.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?What are randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials"<div>-&nbsp;<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">Randomisation</span>: Random allocation to volunteers to take either drug or
placebo. </div>
<div>-&nbsp;<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">Double-blind</span>: Neither the subjects nor the
experimenters know which they took (drug or placebo)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?What do you need to acc know about each drug?"<div>-&nbsp;<font color=""#ff453a"">class</font> to which it belongs (e.g. salbutamol is
a �beta-2 agonist’) </div>
<div>-&nbsp;<font color=""#ff453a"">mechanism</font> of action (e.g. beta-2 adrenoceptor agonism)</div>
<div>- <font color=""#ff453a"">pharmacological
effects</font> (e.g. bronchial
smooth muscle relaxation)</div>
<div>- <font color=""#ff453a"">clinical
uses</font> (e.g.
asthma), can use bnf for this</div>
<div>- <font color=""#ff453a"">Common
S/E</font>, PK, C/I, etc. – tremor </div><div><br></div>
<div>-&nbsp;Recognise
other drugs in same class e.g. terbutaline, formoterol</div>
<div>- In
later years, you will learn more about drugs within
each class so you can decide which individual drug to prescribe.</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::03. How do drugs work?When should you capitalise drug names?- don't capitalise drug names, unless it's a brand name<br>- e.g. paracetamol not capitalised, but Panadol capitalised
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::02. What is a drug?"What is a drug's <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">therapeutic ratio/index</span>?""A drug has a large <b>therapeutic
ratio (or index)</b> if the dose that produces an unwanted (toxic) effect is significantly
higher than the dose required to achieve a beneficial (therapeutic) effect. If there
is only a small difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses, then the
drug is said to have a narrow or small therapeutic ratio."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inflammation</span>""- coordinated response to injury or presence of micro-organisms&nbsp;by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">vascularised tissue&nbsp;</span>(tissue which receives bloodflow)<br>- process usu split into vascular (relating to blood vessels) &amp; cellular (relating to entering &amp; leaving cells) events - but both occur simultaneously"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?<b>Vascular events of inflammation:</b><br>a) main function?<br>b) order of stages that occur during this?"a) deliver plasma proteins to damaged/infected tissue<br><br>b) 1. ^ed <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">blood flow</span>&nbsp;(hyperaemia)<br>2. @ same time, ^ed <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">permeability</span> of endothelial cells that line the capillaries<br>3. this allows protein-rich plasma fluid (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exudate</span>) to move <b>out of capillaries &amp; into tissue</b><br>4. as there's now ^ fluid in tissue, this fluid needs to be <b>drained</b> again, € there's <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">^ed lymphatic flow</span><br>5. if more fluid (exudate) enters tissue than is drained, <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">oedema</span> (excess) fluid collects, appearing as <b>swelling</b>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?<b>Cellular events of inflammation:</b><br>a) main function?<br>b) stages that occur during this?"a) deliver WBCs to damaged/infected tissue<br>b) 1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Adhesion</span><br>- WBCs (e.g. neutrophils) stick to endothelial cells of blood vessels<br>- this is possible due to cellular adhesion molecules on endothelium and surface of WBC<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Emigration</span><br>- leave blood vessels thru gaps in endothelial cells &amp; enter damaged tissue, so damaged tissue now contains fluid, protein &amp; inflammatory cells"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"What are the functions of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inflammatory cells</span>?"- phagocytose<br>- release antibodies<br>- kill infected host cells<br>- control inflammatory reaction (e.g. release cytokines to attract more inflammatory cells)<br><br>inflammatory cells inc.&nbsp;neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?How do diff cell types interact during the inflammatory response?- send chemical messengers between cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. cytokines<br><br>- communicate directly by cell-cell interactions<br><br>- pro-inflammatory (causes inflammation) or anti-inflammatory (reduce inflammation afterwards)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?What are the clinical signs of inflammation?@ site:<br>- heat<br>- redness<br>- swelling<br>- pain
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?What are some systemic effects caused by cytokines during inflammatory response?- pyrexia (fever)<br>- malaise (feeling generally unwell)<br>- anorexia (loss of appetite)<br>- weight loss<br>- leucocytosis (causes bone marrow to increase production of WBCs)<br>- increased acute phase proteins
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">systemic effect</span>?"affecting the entire body, rather than a single organ or body part
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pus</span>?"- thick, opaque, usu yellowish white fluid<br><br>- made up of: <br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- dead/dying WBCs (mainly neutrophils)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- bacteria<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- dead tissue<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- exudate
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pyogenic</span>"involving or relating to production of pus
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Abcess</span>:<br>a) what?<br>b) treatment?""a) - collection of pus that forms WITHIN tissue<br>- usu in a tissue where there usu isn't space for this pus to form, so has to destroy part of this tissue for the pus to acc form<br>b) - antibiotics<br>- drainage of pus<br><img src=""paste-ae2a31a590ea3442f6da69d07683a820e905205c.jpg"" width=""146""><img src=""paste-baedbb2740b785ca12a8b08688fd20ac0cb75b64.jpg"" width=""127"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">abscess</span> vs <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">empyema</span>""<b>abscess:</b><br>- collection of pus in a new space<br><br><b>empyema:</b><br>- collection of pus in a pre-existing cavity<br><img src=""paste-4d5fd2e4336299042d952d2036d62916672ee1cd.jpg"" width=""182""><br>the pus in the pleural space is ex. of empyema"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::03. What is Inflammation?Compare acute vs chronic inflammation"<b>acute:</b><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;the response to sudden body damage<br>- e.g. cutting your finger.<br><br><b>chronic:</b><br>-&nbsp;body continues sending inflammatory cells even when there is no outside danger<br>- e.g. arthritis, hay fever, eczema, asthma, tonsilitis</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics IWhat are 2 main types of data?- numerical / quantitative<br>- categorical / nominal / qualitative
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">numerical data</span>?"- continuous<br>- discrete
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::📊 Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">categorical data</span>?""•&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ordinal</span> - data w &gt;2 answers, order matters as there's a ranking to the categories (e.g. disease stage mild/moderate/severe, or strongly agree/agree/neutral/disagree/strongly agree)<br>•&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">unordered</span> - data w &gt;2 answers, order doesn't matter (e.g. hair colour, blood group)<br>•&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">binary</span> - data w only 2 answers (e.g. yes/no, positive/negative)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">bar charts</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">histograms</span>, &amp; when they're used""<b>Histograms:</b><br>- used for continuous variables (sometimes discrete too)<br>- should have no space between bars<br>-&nbsp;<img src=""paste-b416bc681bdd50bd10e8818ecaba08ff91a50d27.jpg"" width=""144""><br><br><b>Bar charts:</b><br>- used for categorical variables<br>- should have spaces between the bars for each category<br>-&nbsp;<img src=""paste-15f0de024c561e4791a06a562ece356e1278a395.jpg"" width=""170"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics IFor numerical variables, what statistics would you use to describe the ... of this data:<br>a) centre/central tendency?<br>b) spread?a) - mean<br>- median<br>- (mode not used as not accurate enough)<br><br>b) - standard deviation (SD)<br>- variance<br>- min-max<br>- IQR
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I<b>Standard deviation (SD):</b><br>a) measures?<br>b) formula?"a) average distance from the mean<br><br>b)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;<img alt=""Standard Deviation - Piggraphy Alevel Skills"" src=""Standard Deviation.gif"" width=""319""><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-04 at 11.26.53.png"" width=""578"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"If we have an approximately
Normal (bell-shaped) distribution then which of the following would be the best combination
of summary statistics to report (stats to use)?"- mean<br>- SD
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">If we have a </span><span style=""color: rgb(170, 0, 0);"">Skewed Distribution</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">
then which of the following would be the best combination of summary statistics
to report?</span>"- median<br>- UQ &amp; LQ (next best option is IQR)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics IWhat's best to use to compare between graphs w small data sets?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dot plots</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- each dot/plot represents every individual data point<br><img src=""paste-404ba16bffacf92631a91dee89149a7f3b9a3945.jpg"" width=""219"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"What stats are included in a&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">box plot</span>?""<img alt=""Matplotlib - Box Plot - Machine Learning Tutorials"" src=""outlier_example3.png"" width=""412""><br>- can use box plot w skewed and normal distributed data"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">confidence interval </span>in statistics?""-&nbsp;the range of values that you expect your estimate to fall between a certain percentage of the time if you run your experiment again or re-sample the population in the same way<br>-&nbsp;way to represent how ""good"" an estimate is; the wider the confidence interval for a particular estimate, the more caution is required when using the estimate"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::03. Medical Statistics I"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">standard error</span> in statistics?"how diff the pop mean is likely to be from a sample mean
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"Define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ion</span>"- atoms or molecules that have a net electrical charge<br><br>- cation: +ve charged ion<br>- anion: -ve charged ion
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Valency:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) monovalent?<br>c) bivalent?"a) no. H atoms that can combine directly or indirectly w 1 atom of an element<br>b) + or -, only 1 H atom can combine<br>c) 2+ or 2-, only 2 H atoms can combine
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane TransportWhat are the main methods of transport across membs?<b>Passive (no ATP required):</b><br>- diffusion<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- simple<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- facilitated<br>- filtration<br>- osmosis<br><br><b>Active (ATP required):</b><br>- primary active transport<br>- secondary active transport<br>- vesicular transport<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- endocytosis<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- exocytosis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">simple</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">facilitated diffusion</span>""<b>Simple:</b><br>- smaller molecules (e.g. O2, CO2, N2) usu lipid soluble (hydrophobic/lipophilic), so pass freely thru phospholipid bilayer of cell memb<br><br><b>Facilitated:</b><br>- molecules usu lipid insoluble (hydrophilic/lipophobic) can't cross cell memb, so diffusion occurs using memb channel (non-specific) for small molecule or carrier protein (specific) for large molecule<br>- RoD also affected by no. memb channels/carrier proteins available<br><br>both involve movement molecules from high to low conc (down conc gradient)<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-02 at 19.48.02.png"" width=""551"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane TransportHow is water transported across cell memb?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">osmosis</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- occurs either thru lipid bilayer itself or specific channel protein called <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">aquaporin</span><br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-02 at 19.52.03.png"" width=""251"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport<b>Filtration:</b><br>a) passive or active?<br>b) how does this occur?<br>c) conc gradient required?"a) passive<br><br>b) by <span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);""><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">movement of water and solute
molecules across cell memb bc of </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">hydrostatic pressure&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">(pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity)&nbsp;generated by&nbsp;the cardiovascular system</span><br><br></span>c) no"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"What are the diff types of <font color=""#ff3b30"">carrier transport proteins</font>?""<b>Uniport:</b><br>- transports 1 molecule across memb<br><br><b>Symport (co-transport):</b><br>- transports 2 molecules across memb<br>- molecules being transported moving in same direction<br><br><b>Antiport (co-transport):</b><br>- transports 2 molecules across memb<br>- molecules being transported moving in&nbsp;diff directions<br><br><img src=""paste-6531c761478a9fd2572118234125ad2a27bcf2d9.jpg"" width=""353"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"<b>Active transport:</b><br>a) conc gradient?<br>b) ATP required?<br>c) most imp&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">primary active pump</span> involved?<br>d) what is the energy released during <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrolysis of ATP</span> used to do?"a) yes, against conc gradient, from low to high conc<br>b) yes<br>c) ATPases (class of enzymes that catalyse hydrolysis of ATP needed for active transport)<br>d) to drive other reactions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"Equation for <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrolysis of ATP</span>?""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-02 at 20.09.15.png"" width=""732""><br><br>ATP =&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">Adenosine triphosphate<br></span>ADP =&nbsp;Adenosine di-phosphate<br>Pi =&nbsp;Inorganic phosphate<br><br>enzyme needed: ATPase"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane TransportWhat are transmembrane ATPases?- ATPases that are integral memb proteins
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">primary</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">secondary active transport</span>. Give ex. of each""<b>Primary:</b><br>- uses ATP<br>- e.g. sodium-potassium pump<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- maintains excess Na+ outside cell and excess K+ inside cell<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in creates electrochemical (charge) gradient<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- ATP needed to pump against this conc and electrochemical gradient<br><img src=""paste-a9d5981d77e08a0ebccefb2f4e7f824950bb0d69.jpg"" width=""302""><br><br><b>Secondary:</b><br>- no ATP needed, but uses gradients made by primary transport (which involves ATP)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- potential energy from this can be stored to use in other processes, e.g. to:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - move nutrients into cell<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - move other ions in or out of cell<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - generate action potentials in nerves<br>- e.g. sodium-glucose transporter<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 1. sodium-potassium pump uses ATP to move Na+ out and K+ into cell (primary active transport)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. this creates electrochemical gradient<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3. sodium-glucose tranporter uses this gradient to move both Na+ and glucose into cell<br><img src=""paste-3d0389ed6c13eebc3e2d6b118169b5eda211452c.jpg"" width=""411"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane TransportWhat is movement of molecules across cell memb controlled by?- conc/electrochemical gradient<br>- symports &amp; antiports require companion molecule<br>- some memb channels have gating mechanisms, allowing diffusion only when certain conditions are met:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ligand-gated channels<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- voltage-gated channels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport<b>Ligand-gated channel/receptor:</b><br>a) gate opens when?<br>b) gate closes when?"a) chemical/ligand (e.g. hormone or neurotransmitter) binds to channel/receptor<br>b) chemical/ligand is absent<br><br><img src=""paste-0cbed2e83e7dd1cab485ffd6b5b192e338b52769.jpg"" width=""432"">yellow = agonist/ligand/chemical"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Membrane Transport<b>Voltage-gated channel/receptor:</b><br>a) gate opens when?<br>b) gate closes when?"a) there's certain level of charge imbalance across cell memb<br>b) under resting conditions<br><img src=""paste-2df2621a271e08a0cd19a9396a4ce4e002674ca6.jpg"" width=""389"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ion distribution</span>. Units?"-&nbsp;<b>location</b> &amp; <b>conc</b> of biologically imp <b>ions inside and outside of cell<br></b>- 'biolgically imp ions' inc. Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, non-specific anions (A-) e.g. neg-charged proteins<br>- relative permeability across memb is imp<br>- conc measured as millimolar (mM)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Memb potential:</span></b><br>a) define<br>b) units?<br>c) what does it mean when this is +ve?<br>d) what does it mean when this is -ve?""a) <b>diff</b> in <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">electrical potential</span> between <b>inside &amp; outside of cell</b><br>b) millivolts (mV)<br>c) ^ +ve ions inside than outside cell<br>d) ^ +ve ions outside than inside cell"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialAre the following ions higher in conc in ICF (intracellular fluid) or ECF (extracellular fluid)?<br>a) Na+<br>b) K+<br>c) Cl-<br>d) Ca2+<br>e) anions (A-)a) ECF (outside cell)<br>b) ICF (inside cell)<br>c) ECF<br>d) ECF<br>e) ICF
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialWhat are ion distrubtions partially maintained by?- Na+/K+ pump<br>- diff permeabilities and ion concs create charge diffs between ICF and ECF
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"Inside cell is <b>always</b> more <span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"">negative/positive</span> than outside of cell."negative
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Resting memb potential:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) outside cell value?<br>c) inside cell value?<br>d) symbol?<br>e) how can value of this be changed?<br>f) most important mechanisms for doing the above?""a) potential diff / voltage between inside &amp; outside of cell (across cell memb) @ rest<br>b) 0mV<br>c) -70mV (use this if asked for Vm for neurons and muscles)<br>d)&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-03 at 17.51.20.png"" width=""36""><br>e) - by changing relative ion concs across memb<br>- by changing permeability of ions across memb<br>f) - ligand-gated ion channels<br>- voltage-gated ion channels"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential<b>Excitable cells:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) ex. of these?a)&nbsp;ability of some cells to be electrically excited resulting in the generation of action potentials<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - does this by being able to rapidly change their memb potential via changes in permeability of memb to various ions using voltage-gated ion channels<br>b) nerves &amp; muscle cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialWhat does the size of the memb potential wholly depend on?- ion distribution<br>- memb permeability
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialWhen there is a diff in charge across memb, how is this charge distributed?"- charge localised @ memb<br>-&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-04 at 15.50.45.png"" width=""370"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialWhat forces act on each ion next to cell membs?"<b>conc gradient:</b><br>- ions will diffuse down conc gradient<br><br><b>electrical gradient:</b><br>- ions will move towards area of opposite charge<br><br>together these form <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">electrochemical gradient</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Equilibrium potential:</span></b><br>a) define?<br>b) symbol?<br>c) units?<br>d) what does it mean when eq potential is +60mV?"a) - point at which forces moving ion into cell balance w forces moving ion out of cell<br>- diff for diff ions, e.g. equilibrium potential for K+ has symbol of E_K⁺<br>b) E_ion<br>c) mV (millivolts)<br>d) if inside of cell is +60mV, then ions would be in equilibrium across memb
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.03.29.png"" width=""308""><br>a) z = ?<br>b) i = ?<br>c) o = ?"a) valency of ion<br>b) ion conc inside cell<br>c) ion conc outside cell<br><br>* don't need to memorise equation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialHow do ions usu pass thru cell membs?ion channels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential@ resting memb potential, are ion channels open or closed?open
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"Explain what <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">resting memb potential</span> is mainly determined by""- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">K⁺ ion conc gradient</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc memb v <b>permeable</b> to K⁺ compared to other ions e.g. Na⁺"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.14.51.png"" width=""353""><br>P = ?"relative permeability
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialHow can you change intracellular ion conc?by changing permeability of memb to allow new eq to be established
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-1Label"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.20.28.png"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-2Label"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.20.28.png"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-2-Q.svg"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-3Label"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.20.28.png"" />""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""1402f505f0a2483db5a3f9f97c0d67ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"Define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">action potential</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- electrical impulses that send signals around your body<br>-&nbsp;</span>temporary shift (from -ve to +ve) in neuron's memb potential caused by ions suddenly flowing in &amp; out of neuron<br>- transient depolarisation (becomes ^ +ve) and repolarisation (becomes ^ -ve) of the memb potential"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential<b>Define:</b><br>a) polarisation. AKA?<br>b) depolarisation. AKA?"a) - when change in ion distribution causes inside cell to become more -ve<br>- AKA hyperpolarisation, repolarisation<br>-&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.52.49.png"" width=""155""><br>b) - when change in ion distribution causes inside cell to become more +ve<br>- AKA hypopolarisation<br>-&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-06 at 13.53.08.png"" width=""159"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">graded potentials</span>?"postsynaptic electrical impulses<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;'graded'&nbsp;because their size or amplitude is directly proportional to the strength/size of stimulus<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- potential that as you open more ion channels, you'll get a greater response
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-1Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-2Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-3Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-4Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-5Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-7Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-8Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-9Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-9-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-9-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-10Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-10-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-10-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-11Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-11-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-11-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-12Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-12-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-12-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-13Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-13-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-13-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-14Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-14-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-14-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-15Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-15-Q.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-15-A.svg"">""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-16Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-16-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-16-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-17Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-17-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-17-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-18Name the missing prefixes / symbol"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-07 at 15.01.24.png"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-18-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-18-A.svg"" />""<img src=""b65ab633db3646d393f634aff629488a-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">iatrogenic</span> illnesses?"illnesses caused by doctors<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. giving wrong dose
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1<b>1 litre =&nbsp;</b><br>a) ? millilitres<br>b) ? microlitres<br>c) ? cm^3<br>d) ? dm^3a) 1000ml<br>b) 1,000,000 microlitres<br>c) 1000cm^3<br>d) 1dm^3
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1<b>abbreviations for:</b><br>a) once daily / every 24h?<br>b) twice daily / every 12h?<br>c) thrice daily / every 8h?<br>d) 4 times daily / every 6h?a) o.d.<br>b) b.d. or b.i.d.<br>c) t.d. or t.i.d.<br>d) q.d. or q.i.d.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1You have 5mL of a drug solution and need to dilute it 1 in 10 before IV injection. What vol of diluent (e.g. saline soln) do you add?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">- common mistake: 5mL + 50mL [= 55mL, so 1 in 11]</span><br><br>- True statement: a 1 in 10 dilution of 5mL will give total vol of 50mL<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- need to add <span style=""color: rgb(64, 128, 2);"">45mL</span> of diluent (bc 5 + 45 = 50mL)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1You have 2.5mL of a drug soln and need to dilute it 1 in 5 before injecting. What vol of diluent do you add?"- True statement: a 1 in 5 soln will give total vol of 12.5mL&nbsp;<br>- need to add <span style=""color: rgb(64, 128, 2);"">10mL</span> of diluent [bc 2.5+10 = 12.5mL]"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1"What is an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ampoule</span>?""small sealed glass capsule containing a liquid, esp a measured quantity ready for injecting<br><br><img alt=""How much is an ampule? - Quora"" src=""main-qimg-97d69f435ff15e8a36f17b584238e0fa-lq.jpg"" width=""158"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1What is a % w/v solution? What is a universally true statement regarding this- measure of mass of drug or other substance per vol of aqueous solution<br><br>- statement: any 1% w/v solution has 1 gram in 100mL of soln<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- €, 5% w/v soln has 5g of drug in 100mL soln (or 0.5g in 10mL)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1What is the mass (weight) of 1mL of water?1g
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1What does ... solution of Drug A contain?<br>a) 1:1000<br>b) 1:10,000a) 1g of Drug A dissolved in 1000mL (1L) of water<br>b) 1g of Drug A dissolved in 10,000mL (10L) of water
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1"<div>How
many <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mg</span> of adrenaline (epinephrine) does <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">7 mL </span>of a <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">1:10,000</span>
solution contain?</div>""<div>- Any 1:10,000 solution is 1
gram in 10,000 mL of water</div><div>-&nbsp;This is 1,000
milligrams in 10,000 mL of water</div><div>- € there'd&nbsp;be 1
mg of adrenaline in 10
mL of solution</div><div>-&nbsp;€ there'd be 0.7 mg of
adrenaline in 7 mL of solution</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1What kind of infusion rates are IV infusions given at?"- given at an infusion rate that
delivers a solution of a drug of a certain concentration (a <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mass/volume,
</span>e.g. <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mg/mL</span>)
at a certain <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">volume
per time</span> (e.g.
<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mL/h</span>) to achieve a desired drug dose
rate (in <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mass/time</span>, e.g.
<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mg/h</span>)<br><br>- Some drugs may be given as <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">mg/kg/h</span> to take into account the patient’s body weight."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1How do you convert:<br>a) moles to grams?<br>b) grams to moles?"a) x by molecular weight / Mr<br>b) <span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Г· by molecular weight / Mr&nbsp;</span><br><br>- to convert mol/L concs to g/L, x by molecular weight / Mr (&amp; vice versa)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1What is the molarity of a solution? Symbol?molarity (M) is another way of expressing the conc of a substance (in moles/L, rather than grams/L)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1"<div>If
8.4 g sodium bicarbonate (molecular weight 84) is made up to 50 mL of solution
what is the <span style=""font-style: italic;"">molarity</span> of the solution?</div>""<div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">1 mole </span>of anything in <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">1 </span><span style=""font-weight: bold;"">litre</span><span style=""font-weight: bold;""> </span>is a 1 mol/L (=1 molar, 1 M) soln</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">Grams to moles</span> (divide by MW): 8.4g / 84 is <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">0.1
moles</span></span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-<b>&nbsp;</b>So 8.4g sod bicarb in <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">1 </span><span style=""font-weight: bold;"">litre</span><span style=""font-weight: bold;""> </span>is <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">0.1 mol/L </span>(0.1M) soln</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;And 8.4g in <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">100
mL </span>would be <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">1
mol/L </span>(1 M)<span style=""font-weight: bold;""> </span>soln</span></div><div><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;So 8.4g in <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">50
m</span><b>L</b> would be <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">2
mol/L</span> (2 M)<span style=""font-weight: bold;""> </span>solution</span></div><div></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::04. Clinical Calculations 1Why is the body surface area (BSA) sometimes used to calc doses of some drugs? How do you calculate BSA?"- BSA
proportional to&nbsp;<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">area
</span>of
the <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">drug transfer/elimination surfaces</span>
in the liver &amp; kidneys, the main organs for <span style=""font-style: italic;"">drug
elimination</span>,
which determines plasma concs of drug<br><br>- BSA calculated using a formula (ee below) or nomogram<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-09 at 18.35.00.png"" width=""350"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics II"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Significance tests:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) starts by assuming?<br>c) what do you have to prove?<br><br>d) what is a P value and how does it come into this?<br>e) what does it mean if P value is large?<br>f) P value scored between?<br>g) what is the standard level for statistical significance?"a) statistical procedure comparing observed data with a hypothesis<br>- the truth of which is being assessed<br><br>b) means of 2 groups in the pop are the same<br><br>c) data supports/disproves null hypothesis (H0)<br><br>d) -&nbsp;statistical measurement used to validate a hypothesis against observed data<br>- a P value measures the probability of obtaining the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true<br><br>e) if P value is large (e.g. 0.25=25%), it means less&nbsp;statistical significance of the observed difference<br><br>f) P value scores between 0-1<br><br>g) 5%: p &lt; 0.05<br>- i.e., if p &lt; 0.05, results are statistically significant meaning the diff observed in our groups is inconsistent w idea that group means are the same
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIWhat are the types of errors in statistics?1. <b>Type I error</b><br>- i.e. false positive<br>- when you find significant result when group means are acc the same (€ accept&nbsp;H₀)<br><br>2. <b>Type II error</b><br>- i.e. false negative<br>- when you find non-significant result when group means are acc different (€ reject&nbsp;H₀)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIf46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-1State whether the answer can be correct or if there is an error. If the latter, what type of error?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 15.24.00.png"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIf46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-2State whether the answer can be correct or if there is an error. If the latter, what type of error?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 15.24.00.png"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIf46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-3State whether the answer can be correct or if there is an error. If the latter, what type of error?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 15.24.00.png"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-3-Q.svg"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIf46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-4State whether the answer can be correct or if there is an error. If the latter, what type of error?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 15.24.00.png"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""f46e9b844c9845e98e61a466e6ac9d89-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIWhat is the standard <b>false positive</b> rate for a statistical test?5%<br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIReliable evidence of treatment effect usu comes from studies with <b>narrow/wide</b> confidence interval (CI)?narrow
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IICompare 'significance' &amp; 'importance'<b>significance</b> - relates to result of statistical test<br><br><b>clinically important</b> - a diff that would matter clinically<br><br><br>*don't use 'clinically significant'
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в�ўпёЏ Radiology::5. Intro to RadiologyWhat is <b>radiology</b>?"<div>medical
specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the
body.&nbsp;</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::�️ Radiology::5. Intro to RadiologyWhat imaging techniques are used in radiology?"<div>• X-ray</div>
<div>• Ultrasound</div>
<div>• Computed
tomography (CT)</div>
<div>• Nuclear
medicine including positron emission tomography (PET)</div>
<div>• Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в�ўпёЏ Radiology::5. Intro to Radiology"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">interventional radiology</span>?"- performance of (usu minimally invasive) medical procedures w guidance of imaging technologies
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в�ўпёЏ Radiology::5. Intro to RadiologyWhat is a:<br>a) radiologist?<br>b) interventional radiologist?<br>c) radiographer?<br>d) sonographer?"a) specially
trained doctor who interprets diagnostic imaging to guide the management of
disease.&nbsp;<br>b) specially
trained radiologist who performs procedures<br>c) person
who has been trained to take X-rays or perform MRI or CT scans<br>d) radiographer trained to perform an ultrasound"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity"Define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">gene</span>"section of DNA that codes&nbsp;for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific polypeptide or protein
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity"Define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">allele</span>""- alternative forms of a gene found at a locus on a chromosome<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br></span>- always in pairs"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity"Define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">heredity</span>"passing of genetic information and traits from parents to offspring
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of HeredityWhat can determine phenotype?- genes<br>- environment (e.g. exercise, diet)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">complex/multifactorial inheritance</span>?"when traits are determined by more than just one gene
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of HeredityExplain the structure of a nucleus"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.31.50.png"" width=""514"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-1Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"">""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-2Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"">""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-3Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-4Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-5Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-6Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-7Label this nucleus of eukaryotic cell"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 16.32.44.png"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""15f50ba9c00440929a7d7fa8d8a0f4a5-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05. Principles of Heredity"What is the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">central dogma of molecular biology</span>?"-&nbsp;theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA (transcription), to protein (translation), or RNA directly to protein<br>- usu 1 gene makes 1 protein
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat is the diff between innate and adaptive immune response in terms of where the response is targeted to?<b>innate -</b> localised response in affected tissues<br><br><b>adaptive -</b> systemic response in lymphatic system
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🤒 Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat are the adv and disavd of the ... immune response:<br>a) innate<br>b) adaptive"a)<br><b>adv:</b><br>• The
first line of body immune defenses<div>• Active
immediately (minutes) after the antigen enters the body</div>
<div>• Can
kill or neutralise a
large number of aggressors</div><div><br></div><div><b>disadv:</b></div><div><div>• Does
not recognise the antigens specifically</div>
<div>• Is
not highly effective</div>
<div>• Does
not have immunologic memory</div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>b)</div><div><b>adv:</b>&nbsp;</div><div><div>• High
antigen specificity</div>
<div>• Highly
effective elimination mechanisms directed to the specific antigen</div>
<div>• Memory
cells allow a quick and effective response at subsequent encounter with the
pathogen preventing further reinfection</div></div><div><br></div><div><b>disadv:</b></div><div><div>• Takes
a few days to develop (bc antigen specificity)</div>
<div>• Ineffective
for pathogens that have not been previously in contact with the immune system:
takes time to overcome infection</div></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🤒 Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat are the 4 main stages of the immune response?1. <b>Recognition</b><br>- distinguishing self from non-self antigens<br><br>2. <b>Effector triggering</b><br>- targeting an immune response to the right place at the right time<br><br>3. <b>Resolution</b><br>- regulating the reaction - after immune response and pathogens destroyed, immune cells' pop needs to shrink back down to normal<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- wo this, can get 'bystander activation', where immune cells designed to kill non-self antigens start killing self antigens<br><br>4. <b>Memory</b><br>- €, second time round wil have stronger &amp; faster response
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate Immunity"Label the timecourse of the innate and adaptive responses on the below:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 17.24.43.png"" width=""957"">""<b>innate:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 17.25.00.png"" width=""393""><br><br>adaptive:</b><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-12 at 17.26.26.png"" width=""393"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat is the first line of defence in the innate immune response?<b>mechanical barriers:</b><br>- skin<br>- mucous membs<br>- tears<br>- acidic environment on skin (pH4-5), slows microbe growth
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat are the signs that an immune response is taking place?- redness/swelling<br>- pain/heat/temp<br>- fatigue
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityExplain the stages of the innate immune response"First Phase:<br>1. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Recognition and Assessment</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Dendritic cells and macrophages identify foreign bacteria using pattern recognition receptors.<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Phagocytosis</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Macrophages and dendritic cells phagocytose non-self bacteria.<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Inflammatory Response</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Activated macrophages release cytokines, histamine, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes, guiding other immune cells.<br><br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Secondary Activation</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Discarded bacterial material activates more macrophages and mast cells for increased phagocytosis.<br><br>5. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Antigen Presentation</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Dendritic cells present bacterial antigens and become antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for the adaptive immune system.<br><br>6. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Migration to Lymph Nodes</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - APCs move to local lymph nodes, connecting with the adaptive immune system.<br><br><br><br>Second Phase:<br>7. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Neutrophil Arrival</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Neutrophils phagocytose bacteria, potentially aided by complement proteins.<br><br>8. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Monocyte Differentiation</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Monocytes transform into macrophages and dendritic cells, if required.<br><br>9. <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Complement Protein Influx</span>:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; - Complement proteins enter the inflamed tissue, aiding in immune response."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate Immunity"What are the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cellular/physical</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">soluble mediators</span> involved in the innate immune response?"<b>Cellular (actual physical cells):</b><br>- macrophages<br>- dendritic cells<br>- neutrophils<br><br><b>Soluble (things cells produce/secrete):<br>- Pro-Cytokines</b> (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, TNF-О±) by macrophage<br><strong>- Mast Cells</strong>: Release inflammatory compounds.<br><strong>- Complement Proteins</strong>: Part of immune response.<br><strong>- Blood Vessel Permeability</strong>: Allows immune cell entry at infection sites.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityHow do phagocytic cells (phagocytes) recognise bacteria?by pattern recognition receptors on phagocyte's surface<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- these are small memb receptors on surface of phagocytes, they recognise self/nonself antigens
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhat is the function of:<br>a) histmamine?<br>b) prostaglandins?a) ^ permeability of small blood vessels<br><br>b) stimulates pain receptors and ^ permeability of small blood vessels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05. Innate ImmunityWhen macrophages secrete cytokines, what kind of action will these cytokines have?hormonal
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationWhat does DNA Nucleotide consist of?"1. <b>Nucleotide base</b><br>- can either be single (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pyrimidine</span>) or double (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">purine</span>) ring structure<br><br>2. <b>Sugar</b><br>- deoxyribose (a 5C sugar)<br><br>3. <b>Phosphate group</b><br>- links sugars together<br><br><img alt=""Draw a DNA molecule and label the units. | Homework.Study.com"" src=""image_2021_10_21t07_36_51_837z_450x4506978187348731479906.png"" width=""213"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What are the different nucleotide bases? Are these <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">purine</span> or <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pyrimidine</span>?"<b>Pyrimidines:</b><br>- Cytosine (C)<br>- Thymine (T)<br>- Uracil (U) - U used instead of T in RNA<br><br><b>Purines:</b><br>- Adenine (A)<br>- Guanine (G)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationHow are different sugars (deoxyribose) link together in DNA?"- by a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phosphate group</span><br>- the link is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">3'-5' phosphodiester bond</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. a phosphate group links the 3' C atom of a sugar to a 5' C atom of the neighbouring sugar<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 15.22.46.png"" width=""80"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationHow are complementary base pairs held together in DNA?"by<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""> weak hydrogen bonds</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationDescribe the structure of DNA&nbsp;"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">double stranded anti-parallel helix</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 'anti-parallel' bc the 2 strands run in opposite directions (5'-3' and 3'-5')<br>- strands held together by weak H bonds between base pairs<br>- sugar-phosphate backbone of double helix formed by phosphodiester bonds (chemically, these are covalent bonds) between sugar of one nucleotide and sugar of next"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationWhat are the 3 possible theories for DNA replication?"1. <b>Semi-conservative</b>&nbsp;(correct one)<br>- <span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">each new molecule consists of one newly synthesised strand and one template strand</span><br><br>2. <b>Conservative</b><br>- each of the parental strands are copied - the 2 new copies go together &amp; the 2 old copies go together<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">&nbsp; &nbsp;- €, an entirely new molecule is synthesised from a DNA template (which remains unaltered)</span><br><br>3. <b>Dispersive</b><br>- n<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">ew DNA molecules are made of segments of new and old DNA<br></span><br><img alt=""Semi-Conservative | BioNinja"" src=""models-of-replication_med.jpeg"" width=""427"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">replication fork</span> in DNA replication?"site where DNA double helix is unzipped to allow template-mediated replication
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationExpain how the DNA double helix is unzipped during DNA replication"- using enzyme called <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">DNA Helicase</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this uses ATP to provide energy for strand separation"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication<b>DNA Synthesis:</b><br>a) what one word could be used to describe this?<br>b) once the double helix is unzipped (using DNA helicase), how is new DNA synthesised?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">semidiscontinuous </span>-&nbsp;During DNA replication, the leading strand is made continuously, while the lagging strandis created in short sections called Okazaki fragments<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><br></span><br>b) 1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">5' - 3' DNA polymerase</span> (the only version anyway)&nbsp;adds complementary nucleotides to the 3' end of a template/parental DNA strand, one nucleotide at a time - this is bc no 3'-5' DNA polymerases exist, so must add nucelotides to template in 3'-5' direction<br>2. one strand, the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">leading
strand</span>, is synthesised continuously. The other, the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lagging strand</span>, is
synthesised in a series of small fragments called
<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Okazaki fragments</span>. These fragments are then joined together by a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">DNA ligase</span>
to form a whole lagging strand.<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 16.37.51.png"" width=""474"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What do <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">DNA polymerases</span> have in order to ensure base pairs are paired correctly?""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">3'-5' exonuclease activity</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationHow does DNA polymerase know where to start copying DNA?"- DNA primase synthesises <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">short RNA primer </span>that is a copy of the DNA base pairs at <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">replication fork</span> as it recognises single strand of DNA there<br>- has ribose backbone like an RNA molecule<br>- DNA polymerase recognises this RNA primer, as the short section of single stranded DNA is now double stranded, so it starts copying here<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 16.48.15.png"" width=""167"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"How does <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemotherapy</span> stop the growth of cancer?""chemotherapy agents
inhibit DNA replication of the cancer"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chromosomes</span> made of?""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chromatin</span> - mixture of DNA &amp; proteins packaged in orderly process"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replicationf5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-1Label this chromosome"<img src=""tmppbxckkkk.jpg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replicationf5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-2Label this chromosome"<img src=""tmppbxckkkk.jpg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replicationf5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-3Label this chromosome"<img src=""tmppbxckkkk.jpg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replicationf5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-4Label this chromosome"<img src=""tmppbxckkkk.jpg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replicationf5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-5Label this chromosome"<img src=""tmppbxckkkk.jpg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""f5486231bda0488e9f5d1f6b1d24f32e-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationDescribe what ... appears as microscopically<br>a) chromatin<br>b) unpacked/decondensed chromatin"a) thick thread<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 17.12.01.png"" width=""389""><br><br>b) 'beads on a string', these 'beads' are nucleosomes<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 17.12.16.png"" width=""387"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Nucleosomes:</span></b><br>a) made up of?<br>b) structure?<br>c) diff nucleosomes pack together to form?""a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">8 histone proteins</span><br><br>b) - DNA is wound around the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">histone core</span> (containing the 8 histone proteins)<br>- Histones in core linked together using a histone protein called <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">H1</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this provides additional structure<br><br>c) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chromatin</span> fibre"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & ReplicationHow many chromosomes do we have?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">46</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € 23 pairs of chromosomes, inc. 22 autosome (identical) pairs and 1 pair of sex chromosomes"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">karyotype</span>?"preparation of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, sorted by length, centromere location and other features
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"What is the normal <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">karyotype</span> for a:<br>a) female?<br>b) male?"a) 46, XX<br>b) 46, XY
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"Explain the stages of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">mitosis</span>""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-13 at 17.32.31.png""><br>during interphase, no.chormosomes and organelles also doubles. <br><br>I Purposefully Picked My Apples Today"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::05.. DNA Structure & Replication"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">mitosis</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">meiosis</span>""<img alt=""10 Key Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis"" src=""mitosismeiosisvenn.jpg"" width=""766"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) Immunity"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">defensins</span>?"proteins secreted by epithelia onto surface of body, that disrupt bacterial membs
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) ImmunityHow are lymphocytes in bloodstream attracted to areas of inflammation?"by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemotaxis</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) Immunity"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T cells</span>?""1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T helper cells</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka CD4 (or CD4+) T cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- provide <b>help</b> to immune cells<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cytotoxic T cells</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka killer T cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka CD8 (or CD8+) T cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- usu deliver <b>killer</b> blow to cells infected w pathogen"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) ImmunityWhat is the part of the antigen molecule that binds to the receptor (e.g. of a B cell) called?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">epitope</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) ImmunityWhat are the receptors on the following called:<br>a) B cells?<br>b) T helper cells?<br>c) cytotoxic T cells?a) B cell receptors<br>b) CD4 / CD4+ receptors<br>c) CD8 / CD8+ receptors<br><br>* these receptors are not v specific and can bind to many diff antigens
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Adapted (Acquired) Immunity"Explain the stages of the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">adaptive immune response</span>""1. <b>activation of B &amp; T cells</b><br>- this happens by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dendritic cell</span> w non-self antigens on its surface (APC) entering cortex of local lymph node (where B cells reside) and paracortex (where cytotoxic &amp; helper T cells reside). Other lone non-self antigens itself predominantly enter cortex.<br>- <u>Activation of T cells:</u><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- APC presents nonself peptide antigen to them<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- during innate response after phagocytosing, dendritic cells keep these antigen protein fragments from the non-self microorganism and present them on their <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">major histocompatibility complex</span> (MHC) molecules on their cell surface.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">MHC class I</span> molecules bind to CD8 cell receptors<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">MHC class II</span> molecules bind to CD4 cells receptors<br><img src=""4D45C7B7-7EEF-4D37-B964-355E571033C4.jpg"" width=""224""><br>- <u>Activation of B cells:</u><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- lone non-self antigens (or even whole bacteria) that have trafficked away from site of infection/inflammation detected by B cell receptor<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - B cell become activated if B cell receptor is specific to that antigen<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- sometimes, this is enough for B cell to become activated and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">differentiate</span> into <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">plasma cells</span> which secrete <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antibodies</span> (this is known as T cell independent B cell response)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - but in most circumstances, these antibodies won't be as effective/healthy as if you had T cell involvement<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- so, when B cell receptor binds to non-self antigen, this antigen will be engulfed internally into B cell and part of the antigen will be degraded and processed (in a similar way to dendritic cells) and put onto <b>B cell surface</b> as part of a <b>complex</b> w <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">MHC class II molecules</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>activated</b> CD4 T cell</span> receptor binds to this complex (on B cell surface)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- B cell can now differentiate into <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">plasma cells</span> &amp; proliferate, migrate into <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">medulla</span> of lymph node, &amp; secrete <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antibodies</span><br><img src=""A1C62092-3C29-40E7-8B62-623D7DCE1028.jpg""><br><br>2. <b>activated T cells proliferate and leave lymph node</b>, &amp; go to site of infection (guided by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemotaxis</span>) - this is after 1-2 weeks<br>- guided by chemotaxis bc the T cells express proteins on their cell surface that can follow 'scent' from <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemoattractants</span><br><br>3. <b>production and function of antibodies&nbsp;</b>(after 3-4 weeks)<br>- antibodies can diffuse from medulla into blood supply<br><br>4. <b>@ site of infection</b><br>- activated T cells &amp; antibodies arrive here<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- CD8 cells can recognise infected cells and destroy them (can't destroy foreign cells themselves)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- CD4 cells can't do anything to actual bacteria, but can release cytokines, chemokines, &amp; growth factors that are needed to keep other immune cells activated and proliferating<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- antibodies can either directly stop bacterial growth, or alert immune system to it<br><br>5. <b>resolution of infection</b><br>- removal of bacteria - combined effects of innate &amp; adaptive immunity<br>- activated T &amp; B cells may differentiate into memory T &amp; B cells, reside in tissue &amp; lymphoid tissue (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">necrosis</span>""- death of cells in body tissue in an otherwise living organism<br><br>- e.g.can say:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ""necrotic tissue""<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ""necrosis was caused by"""
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell DeathWhat are the types of injuries cells can endure?- reversible<br>- irreversible
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"What is an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">infarct</span>?"necrosis due to lack of blood
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell DeathWhat cellular components may be affected during cell death?"<div>1. Mitochondria</div>
<div>2. Ionic
channels within cell membranes</div>
<div>3. Cell
membrane</div>
<div>4. Cytoskeleton</div>
<div>5. DNA</div>
<div>6. Proteins</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">necrosis</span>? What do these look like?""1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Coagulative</b></span><br>- caused by severe ischaemia (inadequate blood supply)<br>-&nbsp;dead cells remain firm and look normal for days after death<br>- occurs in solid organs<br>- changes occur within cell<br>- colour may change<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Liquefactive</b></span><br>- usu occurs in brain when hydrolytic enzymes are released<br>- dead cells dissolve, forming pus<br>- macroscopically, organ doesn't maintain shape&nbsp;<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Caseous</b></span><br>- caused by TB<br>- body isolates infected cells + TB cells, surronds this w lots of WBCs<br><br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Fat</b></span><br>- when fat cells die bc of non-trauma (bc of enzymes) or trauma<br>- usu affects breasts (trauma) or pacreas (non-trauma, bc lots of enzymes)<br><br>5. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Fibrinoid</b></span><br>- damaged blood vessel due to immune reaction<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp; Fibrin-like substances seap into vessel wall, making it thicker and impairing function<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - can lead to ischaemia, leading to coagulative necrosis<br><br>6. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Haemorrhagic</b></span><br>- dead
tissue packed with extravasated RBCs<br>- usu due to blocked vessel"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Gangrene:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) dry/wet gangrene?""a) term used to describe <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dead black tissue</span><br>b) <b>dry</b> - necrosis w little/no infection (rare), process resembles mummification<br><b>wet</b> - necrosis caused by tissue
infected with gram -ve bacteria, bacteria causes putrefaction of the tissue<br>- both are coagulative type necrosis"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell DeathWhat are the pathways a cell can follow when it dies?- oncosis<br>- apoptosis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Apoptosis:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) occurs when?<br>c) what is this triggered by?<br>d) mechanism?""a) - progammed cell death under physiological / genetic control (unlike necrosis)<br>- i.e. cell commits suicide<br><br>b) - during embryo development<br><div>- homeostatic
mechanism to maintain cell</div>
<div>&nbsp; populations</div>
<div>- defence
mechanism e.g. immune reactions</div>
<div>- cell
damage</div>
<div>- ageing</div><div><br></div><div>c) capsases (enzyme)</div><div><br></div><div>d) 1. cell shrinks, nucleus becomes more dense + breaks up, &amp; organelles fragment</div><div>2. cell breaks up into small memb-bound pieces of dense cytoplasm that contain fragments of nucelus + organelles</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- these structures are called apoptotic bodies</div><div>3. apoptotic bodies phagocytosed by macrophages, neutrophils and/or epithelial cells</div><div>&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-17 at 16.28.46.png"" width=""309""></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"Diffs between <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">oncosis</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">apoptosis</span>?""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-17 at 16.39.28.png"" width=""542"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"Adv and disadv of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">apoptosis</span>?""<b>adv:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">doesn't induce inflammation</span> which may damage surrounding tissue<br>- components of apoptotic bodies are rapidly <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">recycled</span>&nbsp;by phagocytosis by other cells<br><br><b>disadv:</b><br>- requires <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">energy</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::05. Cell Death"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Oncosis:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) triggered by?<br>c) mechanism?<br>d) causes?""a) term given for <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">passive</span> cell death<br>b) - damage to <b>cell membs</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- if memb intact cell can recover, but if it's disrupted it will die<br>c) cell memb damage releases digestive enzymes from lysosomes, which hydrolyse cell components<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp; cell appears to have <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">swelled</span><br>d) swelled cell may burst, so cell debris released causes <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inflammatory reaction</span><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-17 at 16.42.57.png"" width=""247"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionWhat are the 2 branches of pharmacology?<b>Pharmacodynamics</b><br>- what does the drug do to the body?<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. U/E, drugs to reduce symptoms<br>- i.e. drug action<br><br><b>Pharmacokinetics</b><br>- movement of drugs thru body and how body handles drug<br>- helps you choose which drug to prescribe, how much, how often<br>- i.e. drug handling
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionOutline the journey of a drug into the body"1. <b>Administration</b><br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Absorption</b></span><br>- from outside body into blood<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Distribution</b></span><br>- from blood into extravascular tissues<br><br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Metabolism</b></span><br>- back into blood then into metabolites<br><br>5. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Excretion</span></b><br>- from blood to outside of body<br><br><br>mnemonic - ADME"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-1Label this diagram of a tablet w extended release"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 12.04.09.png"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-2Label this diagram of a tablet w extended release"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 12.04.09.png"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-2-Q.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-3Label this diagram of a tablet w extended release"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 12.04.09.png"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-3-Q.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""3270a85676144a01bc82dfca0e0d9c5b-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"Explain route of <b>oral drug</b> <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">absorption</span>""1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Gastric emptying</span></b><br>- most oral drugs <b>absorbed</b> in <b>small intestine</b>, not stomach, bc intestine has ^ villi SA &amp; blood flow<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - tablets instead j <b>disintegrate</b> in <b>stomach<br></b><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Hepatic portal circulation</span></b><br>- drugs absorbed from stomach + intestine first travel to liver via <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hepatic portal vein</span>, before reaching general circulation (via <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">heart</span>) &amp; then their <b>sites of action</b><br><br><b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">First-pass metabolism</span></b><br>- drug may undergo variable degrees of metabolism in&nbsp;<b>stomach or</b> <b>gut</b>
(reduced absorption) or <b>liver</b> (first-pass hepatic metabolism)&nbsp;before reaching systemic circulation<br><img src=""paste-e37425900295ec3924e4e265e3307694d0281674.jpg"" width=""394"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Gastric emptying:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) further slowed down by?"a) measure of <b>time</b> it takes for food/drug to <b>empty out of stomach</b><br>- this j <b>delays drug absorption in intestine</b><br><br>b) - solid meal<br>- high fat or protein meal<br>- low gastric pH
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"What <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enteral formuations</span> may ... <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">first-pass hepatic metabolism</span>?<br>a) not avoid<br>b) avoid"a) - oral<br><br>b) - buccal (absorbed in mouth)<br>- sublingual (under tongue)<br>- rectal<br>- this bc blood drains into general circulation, not via hepatic portal vein
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption<b>Parenteral routes:</b><br>a) avoid what?<br>b) risk of?a) GI tract &amp; 1st-pass hepatic metabolism<br>b) pain, local trauma, infection
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionWhat are the possible routes of administration of parenteral formulations?"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);""><b>Either:</b></span><br><br>1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">intravenous (IV)</span></b><br>- instantaneous absorption<br><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">intramuscular (IM)</span></b><br>- intermediate absorption rate, small vols only<br><br>3.<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""> subcutaneous (SC)</span></b><br>- v slow absorption, small vols only<br><br>4. <b>other</b><br>- intra-arterial (IA)<br>- intraosseous<br>- epidural"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"IV adminsitration of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">parenteral drugs</span> may have high peak conc w the bolus dose. How can you <b>control</b> the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">absorption rate</span>?"- slow IV injection<br>- continuous IV infusion
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"Explain the possible routes of administration of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">topical drugs</span>""1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transdermal</span></b> (creams/patches)<br>- v slow absorption, € prolonged action<br>- require highly lipophilic drug<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>inhaled</b></span><br>- rapid delivery<br>- allows low dose targeted to local site"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">bolus dose</span>?"A single large dose of drug given over short period of time
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"define: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lipophilic</span>"able to dissolve, be dissolved in, or absorb lipids (fats)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionHow do drugs cross cell membs?<b>lipid-soluble drugs:</b><br>- diffuse straight thru phospholipid bilayer<br><br><b>water-soluble but tiny:</b><br>- diffuse via aqueous channels (aquaporins)<br><br><b>water-soluble but larger so resembles natural substrate:</b><br>- diffuse via carrier protein<br>- facilitated diffusion
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Fick's Law of Diffusion</span>?""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 12.57.39.png""><br>- conc gradient across membrane (<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">C1</span>
- <span style=""font-weight: bold;"">C2</span>)<br>- area (<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">A</span>) of membrane available for diffusion<br>- thickness
(<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">T</span>) of memb<br>- permeability
(<span style=""font-weight: bold;"">P</span>) of memb to drug<br><br>* can also be affected by charge &amp; pH"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionWhen will a weak ... cross cell (lipid) memb?<br>a) acidic drug<br>b) basic druga) when acidic drug is in acidic environment (bc drug now mainly non-ionised)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- doesn't cross in basic environment (bc drug now mainly ionised)<div><br>b) when basic drug in basic environment<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- doesn't cross in acidic environment</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Bioavailability:<br></span></b>a) define?<br>b) estimated from its?<br>c) symbol?<br>d) value is always between?<br>e) affected by drug dose?<br>f) affected by?"a) fraction of drug administered by particular route that reaches the general circulation as the parent drug (i.e unchanged)<br>b) AUC relative to IV route<br>c) F<br>d) 0-1 (in calc, can be referred to as 0-100% irl)<br>e) no - it's a constant<br>f) - extent of drug solubility in local body fluids/tissues @ site of injection<br>- losses due to drug binding to local tissues<br>- extent of metabolism by local tissues<br>- ability of drug to diffuse into local blood vessels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionWhat is the bioavailability of drug administered thru intraveous injection?100%
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"How would you work out <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">bioavailability</span> of this drug?<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 13.15.21.png"" width=""545"">"using area-under-the-curve (<b>AUC</b>)<br>- we know that this is 100% for IV<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - oral looks to be roughly same as IV<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - topical much less than both
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"How do you calculate <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">bioavailable dose</span>?""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 13.21.48.png"" width=""699"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">metabolite</span>"<b>byproduct</b> of body breaking down, or “metabolising,” a drug into a diff substance
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism... made up of?<br>a) extracellular fluid vol<br>b) extravascular fluid vol<br>c) total body watera) blood vol + interstitial vol (fluid inbetween tissue cells)<br><br>b) interstitial vol + intracellular vol (fluid inside tissue cells)<br><br>c) blood vol + interstitial vol + intracellular vol
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolisma) typical blood vol of an adult?<br>b) heart pumps how much blood / min?a) 5L<br>b) 5L/min
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">perfusion</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">passage of blood thru blood vessels in an organ or tissue<br></span>- inc how much blood &amp; how fast it's flowing"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & MetabolismWhat type of tissues do blood diffuse thru:<br>a) first<br>b) more slowlya) well-perfused tissues/organs<br>b) poorly-perfused tissues/organs
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism"What is the <b>distribution</b> of drug administered thru <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">IV</span> determined by?"- tissue perfusion<br>- plasma protein binding<br>- drug permeability
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">plasma protein binding:</span></b><br>a) drugs binding to plasma proteins usu reversible/irreversible?<br>b) what is this?<br>c) how can you obtain the drug again once it has bound?""a) reversible<br>b) when drug/proteins binds to proteins in blood as a temporary storage compartment<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- here, the drugs can't cross membs and is pharmacologically inactive<br>c) - drugs may displace eachother in plasma proteins<br>- as <b>free plasma levels of drug</b> decrease (due to <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">distribution</span> into tissues or <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">elimination</span>), more of the bound drug is released from the complex and becomes <b>free drug</b>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Volume of distribution:</b></span><br>a) define?<br>b) symbol?<br>c) directly proportional to?<br>d) how can this be calculated?<br>e) units?<br>f) independent of?""a) total vol of body fluids into which a drug appears to have been distributed<br>b)&nbsp;VD<br>c)&nbsp;amount of drug distributed into tissue; a higher VD&nbsp;indicates a greater amount of tissue distribution<br>d)&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 14.19.10.png"" width=""229""><br>e) L (sometimes L/kg)<br>f) drug dose"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & MetabolismHow much of the body is water per kg?0.6L/kg
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism<b>Metabolism:</b><br>a) purpose?<br>b) main organ metabolising?"a) to eliminate environmental substances that are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lipophilic</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc they can be harmful as they can enter cells and blood-brain barrier (BBB)<br><br>b) <b>liver</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - it catabolises lipophilic drugs into usu inactive &amp; water-soluble metabolites<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - metabolites usu returned
to the <b>general
circulation</b>
for <b>renal
excretion&nbsp;</b>(i.e. urination),
but <b>some
</b>may
be excreted into <b>bile</b> then into the gut (<b>faecal </b>excretion)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & Metabolism"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Cytochrome P450:</b></span><br>a) shorter name?<br>b) family of enzymes?<br>c) found?<br>d) specificity?<br>e) type of protein?<br>f) what does it do to a drug?<br>g) subtypes?"a) CYP450<br><br>b) isoenzymes<br><br>c) smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of liver cells<br><br>d) specific, but for many substrates<br><br>e) haemoprotein (contains Fe)<br><br>f) - binds to substrate (drug) and catalyzes inactivation reactions (e.g. oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, - these are Phase 1 reactions in SER)<br>- co-operate w other enzymes for conjugation reactions that water-solubilise the initial metabolites (Phase 2 reactions in cytoplasm)<br><br>g) - CYP 1A<br>- CYP 2A, CYP 2C, CYP 2D, CYP 2E<br>- CYP 3A
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & MetabolismWhat are the results of metabolism?- converts most drugs to <b>less-active metabolites</b>, but generates <b>active metabolites</b> from <i>some</i> drugs<br>- may convert inactive drug (<b>pro-drug</b>) to active drug<br>- may generate <b>toxic metabolites</b> (v rare)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - e.g. paracetamol overdose in a suicide attempt<br><br>*results may be affected by pharmacogenetic diffs (e.g. ethnicity)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"<b>Explain the routes of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">drug elimination:</span></b><div><span style=""caret-color: rgb(252, 1, 7); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">a) volatile</span></div><div><span style=""caret-color: rgb(252, 1, 7); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">b) water-soluble</span></div><div><span style=""caret-color: rgb(252, 1, 7); color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">c) lipid-soluble</span></div>"- volatile --&gt; exhaled<br>- water-soluble (e.g. antibiotics) --&gt; renal excretion (urine)<br>- lipid-soluble / lipophilic --&gt; hepatic metabolism --&gt; metabolites --&gt; small: renal excreted, large: faecal excretion
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Renal excretion of drugs:</span></b><br>a) what is reabsorbed by kidney tubule?<br>b) what happens to lipophilic drugs?<br>c) what happens to unwanted substances?""a) wanted substances (e.g. water, salt), so it later goes back into circulation<br>b) reabsorbed, diffuse across tubule walls back into peritubular capillaries<br>c) left in urine &amp; excreted<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - e.g. hydrophilic drugs<br><img src=""Screenshot 2024-01-13 at 09.27.38.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">drug&nbsp;elimination</span>?"- i.e. metabolism + excretion<br>-&nbsp;removal of an administered drug from the body
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of drug elimination</span> imp in determining?""- maintenance rate of drug administration to achieve a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">steady-state plasma conc</span> (Cp_ss)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. rate of continuous IV infusion"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"At steady-state, <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of drug administration =</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of drug elimination</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"what are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">drug interactions</span>?"unhelpful + unwanted consequences of prescribing a drug together w another drug (or food etc) due to unforseen pharmacokinetic interactions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"what is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">polypharmacy</span>?"concurrent use of multiple medication items by one individual
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"Explain the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction affecting absorption</span>"- antacids - used to neutralise stomach pH<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may alter absorption of some drugs<br>- drugs that ^ or decr gut mobility<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may alter gut transit time of drugs and € ^ or decr their time for absorption<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. laxatives<br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"Common drugs involved in <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">drug interactions</span>:<br>a) inducers?<br>b) inhibitors?<br>c) substrates ('victims')?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp;a)&nbsp;-&nbsp;alcohol<br>-&nbsp;phenobarbitone<br>-&nbsp;phenytoin<br><br>b)&nbsp;-&nbsp;cimetidine<br>-&nbsp;nicotine<br>-&nbsp;omeprazole<br>-&nbsp;grapefruit&nbsp;juice<br><br>c)&nbsp;-&nbsp;theophylline&nbsp;(for&nbsp;asthma)</span>,<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp;v&nbsp;narrow&nbsp;therapeutic&nbsp;window<br>-&nbsp;warfarin&nbsp;(anticoagulant)<br>-&nbsp;many&nbsp;others</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsKnowing drug interactions is most critical for prescribing when...-&nbsp;affected&nbsp;drug&nbsp;has:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;serious side effects<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;narrow&nbsp;therapeutic&nbsp;index<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;no&nbsp;other&nbsp;elimination&nbsp;pathways&nbsp;that&nbsp;could&nbsp;compensate&nbsp;for&nbsp;affected&nbsp;one<br>-&nbsp;drug&nbsp;combination&nbsp;is&nbsp;unavoidable&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;when&nbsp;giving&nbsp;drugs&nbsp;w&nbsp;bad side effects is&nbsp;worse&nbsp;than&nbsp;giving&nbsp;none&nbsp;at&nbsp;all<br>-&nbsp;patient&nbsp;is&nbsp;vulnerable<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;-&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;elderly
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & MetabolismAverage total body water vol in an adult (70kg)?40-45L
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions<b>Liver metabolism of alcohol:</b><br>a) saturated/unsaturated?<br>b) elimination rate fixed or can change?<br>c) ... order elimination kinetics?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">saturated</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- enzymes working @ max rate @ typical alcohol doses<br>b) it's <b>fixed</b><br>c) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>zero order</b></span> - constant mass of drug eliminated per unit time"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">zero order elimination kinetics</span>?"constant mass of drug eliminated per unit time<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- produces straight line on graph
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"What is the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">elimination rate</span> of alcohol?"1 unit alcohol (around half pint) eliminated (by liver) in 1 hour
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations<b>A drug's elimination half-life:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) usu constant/variable?<br>c) independent of?a) time taken for half of drug conc to fall<br>b) constant<br>c) drug dose
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic CalculationsMost drugs have elimination kinetics of..."<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">first order eliminaton kinetics</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- graphically, looks like <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exponential curve</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- same <b>proportion</b> of drug (not same amount) $ in each unit of time"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"Why are most drugs eliminated in an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exponential</span> manner (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">first order elimination kinetics</span>)?""- bc for most drugs, rate of elimination (by metabolism + excretion) depends on drug's conc in blood (flowing to liver &amp; kidney)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 17.48.28.png"" width=""654"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations<b>Define:</b><br>a) clearance?<br>b) total clearance?<br>c) clearance needed to calc drug's ...?a) vol of blood from which drug is cleared per unit of time in a particular organ<br>b) total vol of blood from which drug is cleared per unit of time<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- a constant<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- independent of drug dose &amp; conc<br>c) rate of elimination
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"Formula for drug's <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of elimination</span>?""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 17.54.09.png"" width=""560"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"Equation to calc <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">rate of drug infusion</span>? State units""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 17.58.24.png""><br><span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">Cp</span>_ss&nbsp;= steady-state plasma conc<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 18.06.29.png"" width=""546"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"If you decide to double the&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss, how does this affect rate of infusion?""double it<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 18.14.25.png""><br>clearance is a <b>constant</b>, which is why u can j double rate of infusion when&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss&nbsp;doubles"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">maintanence dosing</span>?""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""></span>administering&nbsp;dose throughout a dosage regiment to maintain certain drug concs"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic CalculationsHow long will drug take to stop working?"estimate of time for&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss&nbsp;to fall to 0 after maitenance dosing stopped<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- infinite time for it to fall to 0<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- but between 3 &amp; 4 times the elimination half-life to fall (by 90%) to a 10% of&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- or between 4 &amp; 5 times the elimination half-life fall (by 95%) to 5% of&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 18.25.15.png""><br>*same idea for determining how long drug will take to start working, but instead, you want elimination to reach 90 or 95% of&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Pharmacokinetic Calculations"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Loading doses:</b></span><br>a) used to?<br>b) formula?""a) Particularly
for a drug with&nbsp;<b>long
half-life </b>(&gt;24h),
the time for its Cp to approach the desired&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss&nbsp;may be <b>unacceptably
long</b>.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € a&nbsp;<b>large
initial dose </b>(a <span style=""color: red;"">�<b>loading’ dose</b></span>) can
therefore be given to <b>shorten
the time</b> to&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Cp</span>_ss,
followed by normal maintenance doses at the usual freq<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 18.31.39.png"" width=""432""><br>b)&nbsp;<b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">Loading dose x F =&nbsp;V_D&nbsp;x&nbsp;Cp_ss<br></span>Loading dose (LD) </b>- The initial dose of a medication given to rapidly achieve a desired drug concentration in the body.<br><b>F</b> - The bioavailability of the drug<br><b>V_D </b>- Volume of distribution<br><b>Cp_ss</b> - Steady-state plasma concentration of the drug"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::06. Distribution & MetabolismWhat is the extracellular vol (blood vol + interstitial fluid vol between cells) for an average adult (70kg)?10-15L
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune System"How do <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">innate cells</span> recognise 'non-self'?""- by recognising signature molecules (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)</span>) on surface of all diff microorganisms that could infect us<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. flagella<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. virus' genetic content stored diff to self cells<br><br>- innate cells recognise PAMPS by using their pattern recognition receptors (PRR)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - e.g. Toll-like receptors (TLR)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🤒 Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune System"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Toll-like receptors:</span></b><br>a) abbreviation?<br>b) found on?<br>c) binding profile?<br>d) type of?""a) TLR<br>b) surface of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">innate cells</span> (e.g. macrophages, neutrophils, mast cells)<br>c) <b>broad</b>, € can recognise many diff pathogens<br>d) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pattern recognition receptor</span> (PRR)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune System"Explain the stages of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phagocytosis</span>""<img src=""paste-ccdedcbaec054cde275a0dd137a0f3609bd4a34b.jpg"" width=""520"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune SystemExplain the stages of the activation of T cells in the acquired immune response?"1. dendritic cell that has taken up pathogenic material during phagocytosis at site of infection in innate response travels to <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lymph node</span><br>2. dendritic cell displays <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">peptide antigen </span>(fragment of protein from pathogen) complexed w <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">MHC molecule</span> on its surface<br>3. this complex is presented to T cells<br>4. antigen detected by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T cell receptor</span><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-30 at 16.24.08.png"" width=""146"">(Class 1 or 2 depends on type of T cell)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🤒 Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune SystemCompare MHC and HLA moleculessame but:<br>MHC - used for in all species of mammals (inc. humans), € most used term<br>HLA - used for in humans
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune SystemHow does the dendritic cells present peptide antigens on their cell surface following phagocytosis?"via <b>antigen processing and presentation</b>, 2 types:<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endogenous pathway</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- when antigen complexes w <b>MHC Class I</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exogenous pathway</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- when antigen complexes w <b>MHC Class II</b>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-1Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-1-Q.svg"">"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-2Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-2-Q.svg"" />"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-3Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"" />""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-3-Q.svg"" />"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-4Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"" />""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-4-Q.svg"" />"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-5Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"" />""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-5-Q.svg"" />"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune Systemd8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-6Label this B cell receptor"<img src=""tmp9js83ehp.jpg"" />""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-6-Q.svg"" />"v similar structure to an antibody"<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-6-A.svg"">""<img src=""d8d27dd1c79c45d888d3349adb4b7db6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune System<b>CDR region:</b><br>a) stands for?<br>b) located in?<br>c) function?a) complementarity determining region<br>b) antigen binding site on B cell receptor<br>c) only part of B cell receptor that acc contacts antigen - responsible for antigen specificity
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune SystemHow do cytotoxic T cells kill target cells?'kiss of death'<br>1. activated T cell encounters infected cell<br>2. on surface of infected cell there's an MHC Class 1 molecule, some of which are complexed w peptides that are derived from proteins of virus that's infecting that cell. T cell binds to this, forming v tight conjugate.<br>3. cytotoxic granules in T cell cytoplasm congregate at memb (of T cell &amp; infected cell) fusion site and releases cytotoxic granules by exocytosis<br>4. these granules target infected cells mitochondria and genetic material inside mitochondria<br>5. infected cell dies, so T cell dissociates<br>6. T cell finds new infected cell, until there are none left, then memory T cell forms
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::05.. Functioning of the Acquired (& Innate) Immune System"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Immunoglobulins:</span></b><br>a) aka?<br>b) abbreviation?<br>c) types"a) antibodies<br>b) Ig<br>c) 1. IgG (most common in inflammatory responses)<br>2. IgM<br>3. IgA<br>4. IgD<br>5. IgE
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧠Psychology::09. Understanding Adherence"Define <font color=""#ff3b30"">compliance</font>"extent to which patient’s behaviour coincides w medical or health advice<br><br>(e.g. taking medication, following diets or other lifestyle changes)&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ§ Psychology::09. Understanding Adherence"Define <font color=""#ff3b30""><span style=""caret-color: rgb(255, 59, 48);"">adherence</span></font>"extent to which a person's behaviour corresponds w <b>agreed recommendations</b> from the health care provider<div>- emphasises on the patient having choice</div><div>- having an agreed plan of action</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧠Psychology::09. Understanding Adherence"Define <font color=""#ff3b30"">concordance</font>&nbsp;"patient and doctor agreeing and working together on treatment aims. Patients’ beliefs and preferences taken into consideration.<div>- a more equal balance of power</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧠Psychology::09. Understanding AdherenceWhat psychological theories may explain why patients do not always follow recommendations for preventing and treating illness?- Ley’s model of �compliance’<div>- Health belief model</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧠Psychology::09. Understanding Adherence"Explain <font color=""#ff3b30"">Ley’s model of compliance</font>""<img src=""image-0a2608a5aa876f73b111958e66f861b84ce1b6cd.png""><div><b>Understanding:</b></div><div>- patient should know what they acc have to do</div><div><br></div><div><b>Memory:</b></div><div>- patients quickly forget what they’re told to do, maybe bc of</div><div><br></div><div><b>Satisfaction:</b></div><div>- patients satisfaction w their doctors determined by 3 factors:</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <font color=""#ff3b30"">affective</font> (e.g. emotional support)</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <font color=""#ff3b30"">behavioural</font> (e.g. prescribing , good communication)</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <font color=""#ff3b30"">competence</font> (e.g. appropriate action taken?)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ§ Psychology::09. Understanding Adherence"Define <font color=""#ff3b30"">self-efficacy</font>"personal confidence in capacity to successfully perform a behaviour
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ§ Psychology::09. Understanding AdherenceHow can adherence problems be tackled?"<img src=""image-8dbf3a58399a5a85214e74abc998753a028841af.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Define <font color=""#ff3b30"">Genomics</font>"scientific study of genomes, esp. of their organization and evolution, using nucleotide sequencing and gene mapping
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Genomic Medicine</span>"Branch of medicine where patient's genome will help determine the optimal approach to care, whether it is preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Define <font color=""#ff3b30"">cytogenetics</font>""study of <b>structure</b> of <font color=""#ff3b30"">chromosomes<br></font>- often look for alterations in chromosome no. &amp; structure"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsWhat are the diff types of pathogen?1. bacteria<br>2. viruses<br>3. fungi<br>4. protozoa<br>5. helminths
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"State the diff between <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">eukaryotic</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">prokaryotic</span> organisms""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">eukaryotic -&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">organisms whose cells have a nucleus</span><br><br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">prokaryotic -</span> organisms whose cells don't have nucleus (or other memb-bound organelles)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><b>Bacteria:</b></span><br>a) eukaryotic or prokaryotic?<br>b) purpose of sugar capsule?"a) eukaryotic<br>b) protects bacteria from antibodies
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Viruses:</b><br>a) why do they infect?<br>b) what surrounds them?a) can't survive outside host cell - needs to get inside cells to divide &amp; replicate<br>b) protein coat or sometimes an envelope
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Fungi:</b><br>a) eukaryotic or prokaryotic?<br>b) multi- or uni-cellular?<br>c) ex.s?<br>d) what do their cell walls contain?a) eukaryotic<br>b) either<br>c) yeast (uni-cellular) and mould (multi-cellular)<br>d) chitin (polysaccharide providing support to fungi cell wall)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Protozoa:</b><br>a) eukaryotic or prokaryotic?<br>b) uni- or multi-cellular?<br>c) motile (capable of motion)?a) eukaryotic<br>b) unicellular<br>c) yes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Helminths:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) eukaryotic or prokaryotic?a) a parasitic worm<br>b) eukaryotic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsWhat's usu bigger: virus or bacteria?bacteria
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pathogen</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">disease-causing</span> organism"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">commensal bacteria</span>"- organism which colonises host but causes no disease in normal circumstances<br>- 'friendly bacteria', e.g. on our skin
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">opportunist(ic) pathogen</span>""microbe that only causes disease if host defences are compromised (e.g. bc of HIV or cancer)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pathobiont</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">virulence/pathogenicity</span>""<b>degree</b> to which a given organism is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pathogenic<br></span>&nbsp; &nbsp;- measure of <b>severity</b> of disease<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- COVID-19 said to be less virulent to kids bc some are asymptomatic"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">asymptomatic carriage</span>"when pathogen is carried harmlessly @ tissue site where it causes no disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsState the possible routes of acquisition and transmission of pathogens into humans1. <b>Airway<br></b>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka droplet transmission<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. by inhalation<br><br>2. <b>Skin<br></b>&nbsp; &nbsp;- direct skin contact<br><br>3. <b>Alimentary tract</b> <br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (digestive/GI tract that goes from mouth to anus)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka oral transmission<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. contaminated food and drink saliva<br><br>4. <b>Genital tract<br></b>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka sexual transmission<br><br>5. <b>Inocculated into blood <br></b>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (e.g. by mosquitoes or injecting urself)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsExplain bacterial nomenclature- first word: genus<br>- second word: species<br><br>- e.g. <b>staphylococcus</b> (genus) <b>aureus</b> (species)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsExplain the diff shapes of bacteria. State if gram +ve or -ve"1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Coccus</span> (round)</b><br>- plural: cocci<br>- types:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- coccus (singular) = +ve or -ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- diplococcus (double) = +ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- chain of cocci = +ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cluster of cocci = +ve<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-06 at 13.48.17.png"" width=""151""><br><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Bacillus</span> (rod)</b><br>- plural: bacilli<br>- types:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- bacillus (singular) = +ve or -ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- chain of rods = +ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- vibrio (curved rod) = -ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- spirochaete (spiral rod) = -ve<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- filamentous bacteria (branching bacteria) = +ve<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-06 at 13.48.58.png"" width=""255""><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-06 at 13.49.30.png"" width=""296"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-3Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-3-Q.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-4Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-5Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-6Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-6-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-7Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-7-Q.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-7-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-8Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-8-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-9Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-9-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-9-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-10Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-10-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-10-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-11Label this bacterium"<img src=""tmp1urxwuix.jpg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-11-Q.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-11-A.svg"">""<img src=""2b12a32d6e734f7f9c18348aee314782-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsMicroscopically, how can you differentiate cocci and bacilli bacteria?"stain w <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Ziehl-Neelsen stain</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- recognises whether bacteria good at retaining acid<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- pink = acid-fast = retains acid = bacilli"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">acid-fastness</span>?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">- physical property that gives a bacterium the ability to resist decolorization by acids during staining procedures<br></span>- bacilli usu acid-fast"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsAre acid-fast bacteria gram +ve or -ve?"<b>gram +ve</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- usu&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">aerobic too</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsCompare the bacterial cell envelope of gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<b>Gram +ve:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-06 at 14.16.12.png"" width=""359""><br><br>Gram -ve:</b><br><img src=""2F627A55-C2DC-4E5E-9B5E-55F3D3FF3421.jpg"" width=""473"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & SuperbugsWhat are the usual optimal conditions for bacteria based on:<br>a) temp?<br>b) pH?<br>c) water?<br>d) light?a) 37*C<br>b) around 7<br>c) moist<br>d) dark, hate bright spaces and UV light
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Bacterial toxins:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) explain types?"a)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">toxins produced by bacteria that damage cells, causing disease<br><br></span>b) 1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Endotoxin</span><br>- component of outer memb of gram -ve bacteria<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Exotoxin</span><br>- secreted proteins of gram +ve &amp; -ve bacteria"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"Explain what causes <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">genetic variation</span> in bacteria""1. <b>mutation</b><br>- base substitution<br>- deletion<br>- insertion<br><br>2. <b>gene transfer</b><br>- transformation<br>- transduction<br>- conjugation<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-06 at 14.45.38.png"" width=""301"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">base substitution</span> in genetic mutation?"- simplest type of gene mutation<br>- the swapping of 1 nucleotide for another during DNA replication<br>- e.g. during replication, T nucleotide might be inserted in place of G nucleotide
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">deletion</span> in gene mutation?""- change in DNA sequence by removing at least 1 nucleotide in a gene<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">- small deletions remove 1 or a few nucleotides within a gene, while larger deletions can remove an entire gene or several neighboring genes</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">insertion</span> in gene mutation?"involves addition of 1 or ^ nucleotides into segment of DNA
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transformation</span> in gene transfer between diff bacteria?"process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material from the environment
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transduction</span> in gene transfer between diff bacteria?""- when foreign DNA or RNA is introduced into bacteria via a virus or viral vector<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">- e.g. bacteriophages attach to bacterial membs and inject their genetic material into the cell</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">conjugation</span> in gene transfer between diff bacteria?""horizontal gene transfer mechanism through which DNA is transferred from a donor to a recipient bacterium by <b>direct contact</b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">&nbsp;of their conjugative pilli</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🦠Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs"What is an&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">obligate intracellular bacteria</span>?""bacteria that absolutely <b>require an eukaryotic host to survive and replicate</b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">, and € have developed virulence factors to prevent diverse forms of host cell death and conserve their replicative niche</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugs<b>Bacteria can either grow as:</b><br>- single cells<br>- {{c1::filaments (where&nbsp;cells continue to elongate but don't divide)}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets<b>Platelets:</b><br>a) formed from what cell?<br>b) the above is derived from?<br>c) how do platelets enter blood circulation?<br>d) do platelets have nuclei when they enter circulation?<br>e) production controlled by?a) megakaryocytes - larged multinucleated cells<br><br>b) haemopoietic stem cells (in bone marrow)<br><br>c) they break off from megakaryocyte cytoplasm &amp; enter peripheral blood<br><br>d) no<br><br>e) thrombopoietin
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Thrombopoietin:</b></span><br>a) produced in?<br>b) stimulates production of?<br>c) what is it?"a) mainly liver<br><br>b) megakaryocytes &amp; platelets<br><br>c) a hormone/protein
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets<b>Plasma:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) contains?<br>c) ex. of plasma proteins?a) liquid acellular part of blood<br><br>b) ions, inorganic &amp; organic molecules<br><br>c) globulin, fibrinogen
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Serum:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) how is it diff to plasma?"a) what remains in the fluid after the whole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed<br><br>b) similar but has some clotting factors removed (e.g. fibrinogen)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Haemostasis:</span></b><br>a) define?<br>b) depends on?<br>c) stages?""a) process whereby haemorrhage (bleeding) following vascular injury (damage to blood vessels) is stopped<br><br>b) <b>interaction between:</b><br>- blood vessel wall<br>- platelets<br>- coagulation factors<br><br>c) 1. blood vessel wall injured, exposing <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">subendothelial tissue factor</span><br>2. this tissue factor binds onto <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">circulating factor VII</span> (a clotting factor)<br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tissue factor-VII complex</span> forms and becomes <b>activated</b>, triggering <b>coagulation cascade</b> via <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">thrombin&nbsp;</span>which activates even more clotting factors<br>4. damage to blood vessel wall also exposes <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">collagen</span>, allowing <b>binding of platelets</b> which carry &amp; interact w various clotting factors inc von Willibrand's Factor (vWF)<br><br>activation of platelets promotes coagulation"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cascade</span>?"series of <b>enzyme reactions</b> in which a small trigger leads to a large end result by amplification
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsDiff platelets are bound by {{c1::fibrin}} strands, making up a blood clot (aka {{c1::thrombus}})
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsWhat are cascades usu eventually stopped by?- limited supply of substrate<br>- short half-life of active enzymes<br>- -ve feedback regulation by cascade products<br>- other -ve feedback mechanisms
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets<b>In coagulation/clotting cascade:</b><br>1. in blood, {{c1::clotting factors}} circulate in an inactive form<br>2. most of these factors are {{c1::enzymes}} (when activated), but inactive forms are {{c1::pro-enzymes}}<br>3. end result of activating this cascade is formation of {{c1::thrombus}} in areas of damage
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets<b>Anti-clotting cascade:</b><br>- exists in parallel w clotting cascade<br>a) function?<br>b) aka?a) ensures <b>excess thrombus doesn't form</b>, otherwise $ed blood supply may cause tissue injury<br><br>b) fibrinolysis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Thrombin:</span></b><br>a) function?"a) <b>during coagulation:</b><br>- converts fibrinogen to fibrin, from which clots are formed<br>- activates factor XIII which stabilises the fibrin clot<br>- ^ platelet aggregation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w CancerList some redflag symptoms of cancer"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-17 at 14.40.04.png"" width=""606"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w CancerDefine <b>persistent</b>^ than 2 weeks
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w Cancer"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haemoptysis</span>"<div>coughing up blood</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w Cancer"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dysuria</span>"<div>pain to pass urine</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w Cancer"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haematuria</span>"<div>blood in urine</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w Cancer"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dysphagia</span>"<div>difficult or painful to swallow</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::♋️ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w CancerWhat 2 categories do common presentations of cancer fall into?t"<div>• <b>Lump(s)</b>,
or the consequences of lumps</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (pain, cough, bleeding, obstruction)</div><div><br></div>
<div>• <b>Constitutional
symptoms</b></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (anorexia, fatigue, weight loss, night sweats)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w CancerExplain <b>stages</b> of cancer<b>Stage 0:</b> carcinoma in situ - early form<br><b>Stage I:</b> localised, early stages<br><b>Stage II:</b> grown, but hasn't spread<br><b>Stage III:</b> grown, maybe spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues<br><b>Stage IV:</b> has spread/metastasized to at least 1 other organ in body<br><br>*tho it's diff for each type of cancer
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::05. Recognising & Investigating a Patient w Cancer<b>Tissue diagnosis (of cancer):</b><br>a) what?<br>b) tells you?a) take sample of cancer tissue &amp; test it<br><br>b) 1. what <b>type</b> of cancer&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell of origin<br>2. <b>grade</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- how fast it's growing<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - decided by degree of differentiation<br>3. any predictive or prognostic <b>biomarkers</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Explain the types of RNA"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>mRNA</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- messenger RNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- codes for proteins during proteinsynthesis<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>rRNA</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ribosomal RNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- forms basic structure of ribosome and catalyses protein synthesis<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>tRNA</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- transfer RNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- central to proteinsynthesis as brings the amino acids to the mRNA<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>snRNA</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- small nuclear RNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- involved in splicing of pre-mRNAs<br><br>- <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">snoRNA</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- small nucleolar RNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- used to process and modify rRNAs"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Transcription:</b></span><br>a) what is the main result of this?<br>b) explain the stages?""a) synthesis of RNA<br><br>b) 1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Initiation</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- at a <b>promoter</b>, transciption factors (proteins) help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter<br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Elongation</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <b>RNA polymerase </b>makes an RNA copy complementary to the <b>template</b> strand<br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Termination</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- RNA polymerase stops when it recognises <b>termination sequences</b> (prokaryotes) or after <b>polyadenylation</b> (eukaryotes)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">promoter</span> in transcription?"- DNA sequence @ beginning of a gene<br>- site of transcription initiation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"Explain why <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">reverse transcriptase</span> is required in viruses for DNA replication""- some viruses (e.g. of retroviruses) have <b>single stranded RNA genomes</b><br>- to replicate, virus must copy this <b>RNA into DNA</b> so that infected host cell can make new viral RNA<br>- enzyme called <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">reverse transcriptase </span>needed to do this"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"Describe the life cycle of a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">retrovirus</span>""1. virus enters cell<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">reverse transcription</span> of viral RNA genome into DNA<br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">integration</span> of DNA into host genome<br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transcription</span> of new viral genome and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">translation</span> to make viral protein by host"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Why are antivirals used to treat HIV infection?can stop HIV replicating by targeting reverse transcription process
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Only 1.5% of DNA in human genome codes for proteins. What does all the rest do?helps provide <b>structure</b> to the genome
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">heterochromatin</span>?"- highly condensed constitutive chromosome material<br>- always inactive, consists of mostly repetitive DNA<br>- found in centromeres and other places
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transposons</span>?"- 'junk DNA'<br>- multiple copies of short DNA sequences
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Why are eukaryotic genes described as 'interrupted'?"contains protein coding segments (exons) separated by non-coding segments (introns)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-17 at 17.49.17.png"" width=""422"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Describe how viruses differ from other infectious organisms- diff size (usu smaller)<br>- metabolicaly inert<br>- can only replicate in host cell<br>- infect every form of life<br>- some cause cancer<br>- some can cause latent infections<br>- many can be controlled by vaccines
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Capsid</span> (of virus):</b><br>a) made up of?<br>b) function?<br>c) types?<br>d) can be coated in memb known as?""a) protein building blocks (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">capsomeres</span>)<br><br>b) <b>protects</b> viral nucleic acid<br><br>c) - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">icosahedral</span> capsid<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- has 20 faces<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">helical</span> capsid<br><br>d) envelope"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?What classifcation system is used to classify viruses?Baltimore classification
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?"What is virus <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">self-assembly</span>?"process inv formation of viral capsid and encapsidation of viral genome
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06. What are Genes?Self-assembly of viral capsid forms either of 2 structures...1. <b>helical symmetry</b><br>- capsid arranged as helix<br><br>2. <b>cubical symmetry</b><br>- capsid arranged as shell w 20 faces<br>- aka icosahedral symmetry
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::06. Viral Structure & Function"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">genome</span>"The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::06.. Spread & Control of Viruses"In epidemiology, what is meant by the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">basic reproduction number</span> for a viral infection? AKA?"- no. cases that are expected to occur on avg in a homogenous naive pop as a result of infection by a single individual<br>- AKA R nought / R₀
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::06.. Spread & Control of VirusesWhat is the most effective way of preventing the spread of infectious diseases in a pop?vaccination
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::06.. Spread & Control of Viruses<b>For the recent pandemic:</b><br>The virus is called {{c1::SARS-CoV-2}} and the infection is called {{c1::COVID-19}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation"Briefly describe the role and result of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">splicing</span> during the formation of (mature) mRNA""- Eukaryotic genes are
�interrupted’ containing
protein coding segments
- exons - separated by
introns<br>-&nbsp;Introns are removed
from the primary RNA
transcript (pre-mRNA) by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">splicing</span><br>-&nbsp;As a result, the gene is
longer than the (mature) mRNA<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 16.41.56.png"" width=""348"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationExplain how eukaryotic RNA is processed1. <b>5' Cap Additio<br></b>- Protects mRNA from degradation in the 5' to 3' transcriptional direction.<br>- Involves adding a methylated G9 guanine residue at the transcript's end.<br>- Aids in distinguishing mRNAs from other RNA types.<br><br>2. <b>Addition of poly A tail</b><br>- 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA is polyadenylated<br>- signals RNA polymerase to stop transcribing<br>- located where RNA polymerase needs to stop transcribing&nbsp;<br><br>3. <b>Splicing out of introns</b><br>- first 2 bases of introns/exons signal to cell to distinguish them from each other
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">splicosome</span>"large complex of proteins and non-coding RNAs
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationHow does splicing occur?"- splicosome removes introns from the primary transcript/pre-mRNA<br>- introns removed by formation of a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lariat</span> (a loop structure)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 18.08.23.png"" width=""714""><br>yellow loop shows intron has been removed. don't need to know all details of this, this is j a graphc representation of lariat formation causing intron removal"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Alternative splicing:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) results in?<br>c) regulated by?""a) the splicing of exons in primary RNA transcript in a non-sequential manner (e.g. 1, 2, 4 instead of 1, 2, 3, 4, but should still be in order)<br><br>b) many diff protein isoform from 1 primary RNA transcript<br><br>c) RNA <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">binding proteins binding to splicing enhancer sequences</span> encoded in the DNA"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">RNA editing:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) how?"a) sometimes, RNA sequence/transcript can be edited after transcription<br><br>b) by enzyme-mediated insertion or deletion of nucleotides or substitution of nucleotides at the RNA level
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation"Does <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">RNA processing </span>occur before or after transcription"just after
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationHow does mRNA leave nucleus to allow translation to later occur?&nbsp;"leaves thru <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nuclear pores</span> of nucleus (which is highly selective in terms of only allows RNA that's been fully processed to leave)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationWhat do we need for translation to occur?1. mRNA (intermediate between DNA and protein)<br>2. amino acids<br>3. tRNA (adaptor molecule which brings amino acids to mRNA)<br>4. ribosome (site of translation)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-1Label this general amino acid structure"<img src=""tmp1knox113.jpg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-2Label this general amino acid structure"<img src=""tmp1knox113.jpg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-3Label this general amino acid structure"<img src=""tmp1knox113.jpg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translation10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-4Label this general amino acid structure"<img src=""tmp1knox113.jpg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""10a3b5d56ae04933bac23d3ed2c3e96a-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationWhat happens to amino acid @ pH 7?"amino &amp; carboxyl groups ionised:<br>- amino group: +ve<br>- carboxyl group: -ve<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 18.54.09.png"" width=""214"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & TranslationHow are diff amino acids joined together?"by peptide bonds, formed by a condensation reaction<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 18.56.59.png"" width=""228"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::06.. RNA Processing & Translationall proteins have the same {{c1::polypeptide backbone}}, but what makes them diff from each other is the attached {{c1::side chains}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are signalling molecules?molecules that form noncovalent bonds to their receptors w great specificity (using lock-&amp;-key mechanism)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transductionprimary signal molecules, aka?- first messengers<br>- receptor ligands
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction"List some ex. of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">signalling molecules</span>"- neurotransmitters<br>- hormones<br>- growth factors<br>- cytokines
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhy do signalling molecules bind to their receptors w <b>noncovalent bonds</b>?so the signalling molecules can then leave the receptor as the bond is not too strong
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction<b>Neurotransmitter:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) quickly ... to prepare neuron for next impulsea) small amino acid acting as chemical messenger, released by neuron at synaptic junction in response to action potential<br>b) degraded
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionExplain the diff types of signal molecule <b>receptors</b>"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>plasma memb receptors</b></span><br>- aka cell-surface receptors<br>- polar<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 22.27.13.png"" width=""267""><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">intracellular receptors</span></b><br>- carrier protein carries small signal molecule to outside of cell. small signal molecule then enters cell itself, and binds to receptors located inside of cell<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 22.29.52.png"" width=""240"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Intracellular receptors:</b></span><br>a) type of?<br>b) how does it work?<br>c) ex. of ligands/signalling molecules using intracellular receptors?<br>d) are ligands/signalling molecules using intracellular receptors hydrophilic or hydrophobic?<br>e) these receptors located in?""a) signal molecule receptor<br>b) carrier protein carries small signal molecule to outside of cell. small signal molecule then enters cell itself, and binds to receptors located inside of cell<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-19 at 22.29.52.png"" width=""369""><br>c) - sex steroid (e.g. oestrogen)<br>- Vitamins A &amp; D<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">- nitric oxide<br>d) hydrophobic<br>e) in cytoplasm (e.g. cortisol) or nucleus (e.g. oestrogen)</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction<b>Nitric oxide:</b><br>a) signalling molecule that uses what type of receptor?<br>b) acts as what type of messenger?<br>c) how does it enter cells?a) intracellular<br>b) primary messenger in smooth muscle relaxation pathway, but secondary messenger within cells that produce it<br>c) by diffusing thru cell memb (bc it's lipophilic)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionList some enzymes that are important in cell signalling/communication, and their functions"1. <b>GTPase</b><br>- binds to nucleotide guanosine triphosphate (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">GTP</span>) and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrolyses</span> it to guanosine diphosphate (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">GDP</span>)<br><br>2. <b>phosphodiesterase</b><br>- breaks down <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phosphodiester bond</span><br><br>3. <b>kinase</b><br>- catalyses transfer of phosphate group from <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">donor</span> (e.g. ATP) to <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">acceptor</span> (e.g. ADP)<br><br>4. <b>phosphatase</b><br>- catalyses <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hydrolysis</span> of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">organic phosphates</span>, so switches signal off by removing a phosphate"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are the main types of plasma memb receptors?1. <b>ion channel receptors</b><br>- e.g. ACh receptor<br>- aka ionotropic<br><br>2. <b>G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)</b><br>- aka heptahelical receptors<br>- metabotropic<br><br>3.<b>&nbsp;tyrosine kinase&nbsp;</b><b>receptors</b><br>- aka receptor-enzyme complex receptor<br>- ligand binding switches on enzyme activity of receptor<br>- e.g. insulin receptor
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1What type of cell-cell communication is common in the nervous system?paracrine signalling
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1How can you classify the ways cells communicate w each other?<b>electrical signalling:</b><br>- changes in resting memb potential propogated along a cell memb (neurons &amp; muscles)<br><br><b>chemical signalling:</b><br>- chemicals released that act on target cells thru use of receptors (on memb or in the cell)<br>- e.g. synapses<br><br>*not always mutually exclusive, may happen in same cell too
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"Ions are distributed unequally across the cell membrane:<br>– Na+, Cl- &amp; Ca2+ high {{c1::outside}} of cell<br>– K+ and anions (A-
) high {{c1::inside}} of cell"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1<b>What is it called when:</b><br>a) resting memb potential becomes ^ +ve / away from resting potential value (-70mV) towards 0mV<br>b) resting memb potential becomes ^ -ve (than -70mV)a) excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP)<br>b) inhibitory post-synaptic potential (IPSP)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1Explain the point that determines if an action potential is generated"- generated at -55mV or above<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">-55mV = threshold potential</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € more likely to be generated if there are more EPSPs (than IPSPs)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 13.40.17.png"" width=""264""><br>Which part of this diagram shows the action potential?"- the big peak<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc it crosses the threshold potential, and is depolarised (becomes ^ +ve) then subsequently repolarised (becomes ^ -ve)<br><br>- the small peaks are not action potentials, but they are being depolarised then repolarised
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1are action potentials all or nothing events?- yes, they either happen or don't happen, they all happen to the same degree<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € they're not graded/measured
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1action potentials occur in {{c1::excitable}} cells only (muscles and neurons)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-1Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-2Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-3Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-4Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-4-Q.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-5Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-5-Q.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-6Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-6-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-7Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-7-Q.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-7-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-8Label the action potential phases, and diagram"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.06.43.png"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-8-A.svg"">""<img src=""cbce8e6a3bc84d6695f68ac1887484ff-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1What are the main voltage-gated ion channels involved in <b>all</b> action potentials&nbsp;- voltage-gated Na+ channels<br>- voltage-gated K+ channels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.14.13.png"" width=""417""><br>Explain, using this diagram, the changes that occur during an action potential, starting from the threshold potential""1.<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.15.22.png"" width=""437""><br>- @ threshold potential, <b>voltage-gated Na+ channels open</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € Na+ rushed from outside to inside cell, down conc gradient<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- € inside of cell becomes ^ +vely charged (depolarisation)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- € on diagram, Vm continues to become ^ +ve until peak<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- these Na+ channels have <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inactivation gates</span> on them, so they don't stay open for long - once they've been opened they close but can't be reopened again for a short period of time (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">absolute refractory period</span>)<br><br>2.<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.23.22.png"" width=""441""><br>- once voltage-gated Na+ channels close, <b>voltage-gated K+ channels open</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € K+ leaves cell, down conc gradient<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- € cell becomes ^ -ve (repolarisation)<br><br>3.<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.27.00.png"" width=""350""><br>- between 4 &amp; 5, there are more K+ channels open than usual, so ^ K+ leaves than usual, so cell becomes ^ -ve than resting potential (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hyperpolarisation</span>)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- eventually, <b>voltage-gated K+ channels&nbsp;close</b> (only leak channels remain open for K+ and Na+), so resting potential eventually restored"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"Explain the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">absolute refractory period</span> in action potentials""period where you can't generate another action potential<br>- happens bc inactivation gates on voltage-gated Na+ channels mean once Na+ channels shut, they can't be reopened for some time<br>- allows action potential to flow in only 1 direction<br><br>between 3 &amp; 4 here:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.14.13.png"" width=""360"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"Explain the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">relative refractory period</span> in action potentials""- point where cell can generate action potential, it's j difficult for it to do so bc it has to depolarise a lot to reach threshold potential<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is despite inactivation gates on voltage-gated Na+ channel being unlocked here<br>- @ 5 here:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.14.13.png"" width=""351"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Refractory period:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) types (in order)?"a) period where you can't generate <b>another</b> action potential<br><br>b) 1. absolute refractory period&nbsp;<br>2. relative refractory period
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1Explain why action potentials can only travel in <b>one direction</b>area that action potential has just gone past is now in the absolute refractory period, so another action potential can't be generated here
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::07. Cell-cell Communication 1Where on the axons can you find voltage-gated Na+ channels?"in nodes of Ranvier, space between bits of myelin sheath, this allows for saltatory conduction<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 14.44.45.png"" width=""449"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translationthe <b>genetic code</b> is a {{c1::non-overlapping}} {{c1::triplet}} code w no punctiation (continuous) at a {{c1::fixed}} starting point
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationIn the genetic code, what are:<br>a) start/initiation codons<br>b) stop/termination codonsa) signal start of open reading frame<br>b) triplet that doesn't code for any amino acid, signal end of open reading frame
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation<b>Define:</b><br>a) triplet<br>b) codon"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">a)&nbsp;trinucleotide genetic code that codes for a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain<br>b)&nbsp;3-nucleotide sequence that forms a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationIn the genetic code:<br>- the code is {{c1::degenerate}} and {{c1::non-overlapping}}<br>- translation always begins w {{c1::initiator codon}} &amp; ends at {{c1::stop codon}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationWhy is the genetic code described as:<br>a) degenerate?<br>b) non-overlapping?"a) diff codons can code for same amino acid<br>b)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">no single base can be part of 2 diff codons simultaneously</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"What is the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">open reading frame</span>?"- region/sequence of codons between the intiator codon &amp; stop codon<br>- aka coding region
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationWhere does translation occur?ribosomes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation<b>Ribosomes:</b><br>a) site of?<br>b) made up of?a) translation<br><br>b) 2 subunits (1 large, 1 small), each made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA, made up of proteins and RNA)<br>- these subunits only come together when the ribosome components bind to mRNA during translation&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>tRNA:</b></span><br>a) function?<br>b) coding or non-coding<br>c) structure?<br>d) how does a tRNA know which AA to bind to?<br>e) what's the significance of some tRNA's containing non-standard nucleotides (nucleotides which aren't ATCGU)?""a) adaptor molecule which brings amino acids to mRNA<br><br>b) non-coding<br><br>c) cloverleaf structure<br><br>d) it has a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">anticodon loop</span>&nbsp;(sometimes j called <b>anticodon</b>). the tRNA only binds to the mRNA codon when the 3 base pairs of the anticodon are complementary to the mRNA codon<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 16.21.51.png"" width=""262""><br><br>e) fewer tRNA's than mRNA codons, so 1 tRNA needs to bind to multiple codons which code for same AA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- associated principle: <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">wobble</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"Explain the concept of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">wobble</span>&nbsp;j before translation occurs""3rd base in the anticodon of tRNA can pair w several diff nucleotides/bases<br>- € means 1 tRNA can bind to multiple diff codons which code for same AA<br><br>e.g.<br>&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 16.33.01.png"" width=""526"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationBefore translation can actually begin, what must happen? How?"- AAs must become <b>activated</b> by being paired w correct tRNA<br>- this is done by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases</span>, there's 1 for each AA<br>- this process requires <b>ATP</b> (stored in <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ester bond</span> between tRNA and AA) to produce the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">peptide bond</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationExplain the stages of translation"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Initiation</b></span><br>- formation of an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">initiation complex<br></span>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is where the ribosome is bound to the specific initiation (start) site on the mRNA, while the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">initiatior tRNA</span> is base paired to the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">initiator codon</span> and bound to the ribosome<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Elongation</b></span><br>- ribosome moves down mRNA, adding further AA to growing polypeptide in the order specified by the mRNA<br><br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Termination</span></b><br>- ribosome recognises that it's reached a stop codon, so it stops translating, tRNA complex disassociates from the mRNA"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationWhat is rRNA responsible for in the ribosome?- structure<br>- ability to position tRNA on mRNA<br>- catalytic activity in forming covalent peptide bonds
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. TranslationExplain how ribosomes bind to tRNA molecules"- ribosomes have 3 tRNA binding sites<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- these are known as A-, P-, and E- sites<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- no ^ than 2 sites are occupied simultaneously<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 16.50.59.png"" width=""620"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"Explain in detail the stage of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">initiation</span> in translation"1.&nbsp;initiation factor binds to&nbsp;initiator aminoacyl tRNA&nbsp;(Met-tRNAimet)<br><br>2. this forms a complex w the&nbsp;small ribosomal subunit, and w the help of other&nbsp;initiation factors moves along mRNA and binds to its specific mRNA codon - this is the start of the mRNA<br><br>3. initiator aminoacyl tRNA moves along mRNA searching for its specific codon<br><br>4. large ribosomal subunit binds w initiator tRNA in the P site, so next tRNA is brought
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"Explain in detail the process of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">elongation</span> in translation""1. aminoacyl tRNAs are picked up by an elongation factor (w GTP) and enter the ribosome in the empty A site<br><br>2. the anticodon on the incoming aminoacyl tRNA is matched against the codon in the mRNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- if it doesn't match, the aminoacyl tRNA is thrown out of the ribosome and replaced until an exact match is made<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 17.09.14.png"" width=""304""><br><br>3. when right aminoacyl tRNA enters A site, the peptidyl-synthetase activity of the ribosome links the aa to the polypeptide chain via a peptide bond<br><br>4. this leaves an empty tRNA in the P site, and the new peptidyl-tRNA in the A site<br><br>5. ribosome moves forward 1 codon, the empty tRNA moves from P to E site, and peptidyl-tRNA from A to P site.<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is facilitated by another elongation factor and GTP<br><br>6. empty tRNA leaves the E site<br><br>7. process repeats<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-20 at 17.11.28.png"" width=""243"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translation"Explain in detail the process of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">termination</span> in translation""1. elongation continues until a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">stop codon</span> is reached, or there is no corresponding tRNA<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">release factor</span> binds to the <b>A site</b><br>3. another release factor <b>breaks the ester bond</b> between polypeptide and tRNA, releasing the newly-formed <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">polypeptide</span><br>4. <b>ribosome disassociates </b>and finds another mRNA to translate"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::07. Translationa) during transcription, can you have multiple RNA polymerases bound to a gene and moving down it to make multiple mRNA strands at the same time?<br>a) during translation, can you have multiple ribosomes binding to a mRNA and moving down that mRNA, making multiple polypeptides at the same timea) yes!<br>b) yes!
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationCompare acute &amp; chronic inflammation- acute = rapid onset, short duration<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- up to 2 weeks long, but timescale depends on context (e.g. infection or injury)<br><br>- chronic = long term
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">suppuration</span>?"formation &amp; discharge of pus from wound/injury
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation<b>Cytokines:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) how do they work?<br>c) secreted by?a) polypeptides or glycoproteins that are inflammatory mediators produced @ site of inflammation. only produced when required<br><br>b) bind to receptors of target cells<br><br>c) - inflammatory cells (e.g. lymphocytes, macrophages, etc)<br>- fibroblasts<br>- epithelial cells<br>- endothelial cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationDiff between epithelial and endothelial cells?- epithelial - cover surfaces &amp; line cavities<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. in intestines, esophagus, stomach<br><br>- endothelial - line blood vessels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation<b>Ex. of:</b><br>a) pro-inflammatory cytokines<br>b) anti-inflammatory cytokines"a) - TNF-<span style=""color: rgb(77, 81, 86); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">α<br></span>- IL-1<br>- IL-6<br><br>b) - TGF-<em>β<br></em>- IL-10"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationHow may cytokines cause a pro-inflammatory response?- they're endothelial adhesion molecules<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- they stick/interact w surface of endothelial cells in blood vessels<br><br>- increase coagulation<br><br>- stimulate fibroblasts<br><br>- promote cytokine secretion<br><br>- systemic effects (e.g. malaise, fatigue)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationHow may cytokines cause anti-inflammatory response?- inhibits cytokine secretion<br>- reduces antigen presentation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">fibrosis</span>"thickening or scarring of tissue
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation"Main function of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phagocytes</span>?"- kill pathogens<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (both neutrophils &amp; macrophages do this)<br>- consume dead tissue and foreign matter, € cleaning body of unwanted material<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (only macrophages do this, not neutrophils)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammationmacrophage, akahistiocyte, aka
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammationmacrophages (found in {{c1::tissue}}) derived from {{c1::monocytes}} (found in {{c1::blood}}) which are derived from {{c1::haemopoietic stem cells}} (found in {{c1::bone marrow}})
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationWhat immune cell is mainly involved in:<br>a) acute inflammation<br>b) chronic inflammationa) neutrophils<br>b) lymphocytes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Granulation tissue:</span></b><br>a) function?<br>b) made up of?<br>c) appearance macroscopically?<br>d) appearance microscopically?<br>e) why is it bad to have too much of this?""a) produce scar (happens when granulation tissue matures)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- process of formation of scar is called fibrosis<br><br>b) - endothelial cells<br>- fibroblasts &amp; myofibroblasts<br>- inflammatory cells (mostly neutrophils, but also macrophages)<br><br>c) - red (v vascular)<br>- granular surface (capillary sprouts)<br><br>d) can see: capillaries, (myo)fibroblasts, macrophages<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-21 at 00.05.11.png"" width=""455""><br><br>e) produces too much scar tissue, which replaces normal tissue<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;€ function of normal tissue (e.g. sweat glands) is lost&nbsp;<br><br><br>* don't confuse w granuloma (a small area of inflammation)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation"What is a&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haematoma</span>?"- localised bleeding outside of blood vessels, usu bc of disease or injury<br>- appears as bad bruise
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationPros and cons of scars?<b>Pros:</b><br>- restores integrity<br><br><b>Cons:</b><br>- lack function of normal tissue<br>- cosmetic<br>- complications (e.g. infection)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"Cells adapt
to changes in their environment via {{c1::metabolic}}&nbsp;and {{c1::structural}}&nbsp;means in order to survive and maintain
homeostasis"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular AdaptationsWhat are the 3 potential outcomes cells may have once they're formed?- <b>proliferation</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- by mitosis<br><br>- <b>differentiation</b><br><br>- <b>apoptosis</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- programmed cell death
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular AdaptationsWhat are the main structural adaptations cells may have as response to a stimuli?^ed cellular activity<br>- ^ in size or no. cells<br><br>$ed cellular activity<br>- $ in size or no. cells<br><br>change in cell morphology<br>- change cell type by differentiation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular AdaptationsWhat terms are used to describe a change in ... during cellular adaptations to a stimuli?<br>a) size of cell<br>b) no. of cells<br>c) cell differentiation"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">atrophy</span> - cell size $<br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hypertrophy</span> - cell size ^<br><br>b) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">atrophy</span> - $ in no.<br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hyperplasia</span> - ^ in no.&nbsp;<br>hypoplasia - $ in no. cells, but these cells haven't developed normally in the first place<br><br>c) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">metaplasia</span> - change in cell differentiation, where cell differentiates from 1 cell type to another<br><br>* atrophy used to describe both reduction in cell size and no."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Hypertrophy:</b></span><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?<br>c) why does this happen?"a) cellular adaptation<br><br>b) when size (&amp; € functtional capacity) of cell (and € subsequently tissue or organ) has ^ed<br><br>c) ^ed synthesis of structural components w ^ed metabolism (as response to external stimuli)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Hyperplasia:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?<br>c) where is this not seen?<br>d) can co-exist w hypertrophy?<br>e) adjective for this?"a) cellular adaptation<br>b) ^ in no. cells (&amp; € enlargement of tissue or organ) due to ^ed cell division (in response to external stimuli)<br>c) in cell populations that can't divide<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, nerve cells<br>d) yes<br>e) hyperplastic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"What is the key feature that distinguishes <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hypertrophy</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hyperplasia</span> from <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neoplasia</span>"for hypertrophy &amp; hyperplasia, removal of stimulus removes the altered growth pattern / cellular adaptation (they're reversible)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- neoplasia is irreversible
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neoplasia</span>"abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated w that of normal tissue<br><br>- the proliferation is purposeless and continues wo regard to its effect on surrounding tissues or requirements of the organism as a whole (e.g. uses energy)<br>- can be benign or malignant (cancerous)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Atrophy:</b></span><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?<br>c) caused by?<br>d) how's this diff from <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hypoplasia</span>?"a) cellular adaptation<br><br>b) reduction in size of a tissue or organ due to shrinkage of cells and/or decrease in no. cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- reduction in no. is known as apoptosis (programmed cell death)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- organ/tissue must've attained a normal size in the first place<br><br>c) - loss of endrocrine stimulation<br>- disuse (e.g. of skeletal muscle)<br>- diminished blood supply<br>- loss of nerve supply (denervation)<br>- pressure (e.g. tumour pressing on bone)<br><br>d) hypoplasia is when tissue/organ is a smaller size as it has failed to develop in the first place<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- the below is an ex. of hypoplasia (not atrophy)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- fetus has abnormality in anatomy of chest wall. €, left lung fails to develop properly. at birth, left lung is found to be abnormally small.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Metaplasia:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?<br>c) reversible?<br>d) link to cancer?<br>e) ex. involving a epithelial cells that line bronchus of a smoker?""a) cellular adaptation<br><br>b) when 1 mature (adult) cell type differentiates into diff mature (adult) cell type<br><br>c) yes, if stimulus is removed<br><br>d) metaplasia itself doesn't lead to neoplasia (which can cause cancer), but the stimulus that induces metaplasia may lead to carcinogenesis<br><br>e) epithelial cell of bronchus changes from ciliated columnar (delicate but w specialised functions) to stratified squamous (resilient so protects underlying tissue, but lacks specialised functions of ciliated columnar)<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-21 at 16.47.20.png"" width=""341""><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-21 at 16.48.15.png"" width=""363"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular AdaptationsWhy may cellular adaptations in a patient be of interest to the doctor?1. presence of cellular adaptation can indicate a disease is present<br>2. cellular adaptation itself may cause a disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular Adaptations"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Ectopia:</span></b><br>a) aka?<br>b) what?<br>c) what does 'ectopic' on its own mean?"a) heterotopia<br><br>b) presence of normal-looking tissue but it's in the wrong place<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- congenital (occurs during embryonic development)<br><br>c) 'in the wrong place'<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. ectopic pregnancies occur when embryo is planted in wrong place
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07.. Cellular AdaptationsWhat are ... cellular adaptations?<br>a) physiological<br>b) pathological"a) normal<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. enlargement of skeletal muscle due to
exercise<br><br>b) abnormal<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. high BP
causing cardiac
muscle hypertrophy<br><br><br>* may hear terms e.g. pathological/physiological atrophy"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietWhat are some sources of carbohydrates?- starch<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. in bread, potatoes, rice, pasta<br>- sugars
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietWhat are the types of sugars in the diet? Give ex."-<b> <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">intrinsic</span> sugars</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- sugar witihin cellular structure of food<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. fruit and veggies<br><br>- <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">extrinsic</span> sugars</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- sugar not bound within cellular structure of food<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. honey, table sugar"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Diet"<b>Dietary <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">fibre</span>:</b><br>a) aka?<br>b) what?<br>c) types?"a) non-starch polysaccharides (NSP)<br>b) group of substances which can't be broken down by body<br>c) -<b> insoluble NSP</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. leafy veggies, carrots, beans<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>soluble NSP</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. fruit, oats, seeds
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietWhat are the types of fat in the diet? Give ex.- <b>saturated</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 'unhealthy'<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- doesn't contain double bond in chemical structure, so no elements can be added<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. butter, chocolate, fatty cuts of meat<br><br>- <b>unsaturated</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 'healthy'<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- contains double bond(s) in chemical structure, so elements can be added<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. avocados, margarine, oily fish, nuts
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietWhat are the types of unsaturated fats? Give ex."- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>monounsaturated fatty acids</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 1 double bond in chemical structure<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. avocados, olive oil, nuts, some meats<br><br>- <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">polyunsaturated fatty acids</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- &gt;1 double bond in chemical structure<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. seeds, margarine, oily fish"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietOn what levels can you measure food intake?<b>pop level</b><br>- ppl on avg in a country<div><br><b>community level</b></div><div><br><b>individual level</b><br>- specific person</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. DietWhat are the ways you can measure food intake on an individual level?- food diary/record (3+ days)<br>- 24h recall<br>- dietary history<br>- questionnaire
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes<b>Enzyme:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) structure?<br>c) which is the only enzyme that isn't a protein?<br>d) nomenclature?<br>e) how do they acc work?"a) biological catalyst<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);""> (substance that increases the RoR without itself&nbsp;<span style=""text-decoration-line: underline;"">undergoing</span>&nbsp;any permanent chemical change)</span><br>b) made up of polypeptide chains which fold to create globular/tertiary protein structure<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this folding gives the enzyme its specificity for its substrate<br>c) ribozymes (made of RNA)<br>d) - usu have suffix '-ases' indicating substrate enzyme acts upon<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. protease &amp; proteins&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - also recently based on type of reaction enzyme catalysed<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. dehydrogenase enzymes catalyse oxidation-reduction reactions<br>e) lower activation energy (Ea) required for a reaction to occur, ^ing RoR"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. EnzymesWhat are the types of ways enzymes may work when an enzyme-substrate (ES) complex is formed?"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 13.10.45.png"" width=""849"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. EnzymesWhat are the 2 models which are thought to be how enzyme-substrate complexes are formed?"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>lock-&amp;-key model</b></span><br>- substrate fits exactly into enzyme active site<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>induced-fit model</b></span><br>- substrate not perfect fit to enzyme active site, so it has to fold/move around to made better fit into active site<br>- proven/accepted model"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"&nbsp;Explain the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">catalysis </span>that help substrate to be catalysed at enzyme active site""1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>metal ion catalysis</b></span><br>- metal ion serves as electrophilic catalyst<br>- e.g. Cu, Zn, Fe<br>- metals can either assist in catalytic reaction that's occuring @ enzyme or they can inhibit this reaction<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>electrostatic catalysis</b></span><br>- form electrostatic interactions w substrate<br>- active site residues or cofactors form ionic bonds w intermediate<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>covalent catalysis</b></span><br>- active site residues or cofactors form transient covalent bond w substrate to stabilise intermediate (enzyme-substrate complex)<br><br>4. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">acid-base catalysis</span></b><br>- active site contains chemicals which are proton donors or acceptors"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"Explain the evidence that <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">active sites</span> of enzymes exist"- @ constant conc of enzyme, RoR ^ w ^ing substrate conc, until a max velocity is reached<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc all enzymes are saturated (all their active sites are filled by a substrate already)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- ^ing substrate conc won't ^ velocity of reaction/RoR
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"State the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enzyme kinetic graphs</span>"- Michaelis-Menten plot<br>- Lineweaver-Burke plot
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🍳 Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Michaelis-Menten plot:</b></span><br>a) used to?<br>b) what is the&nbsp;V_max?<br>c) what is the Michaelis-Menten constant?<br>d) what is the above used for?<br>e) symbol for <b>c</b>?<br>f) the ^er the affinity of the enzyme for their substrate, the ..(i).. the substrate conc needed for the active sites of the enzymes to be occupied , and € the lower the ..(ii)..<br>g) x-axis?<br>h) y-axis?""a) work out enzyme's affinity for its substrate (measure of how well a substrate fits the enzyme active site)<br>b) max reaction velocity (RoR), at which all enzymes are saturated w substrate&nbsp;<br>c) substrate conc at which enzyme works @ half its max rate (half&nbsp;V_max) - half of max velocity (RoR) is reached<br>d) to compare affinity of diff enzymes for their substrates<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- enzymes w lower affinity for their substrates would have a higher K_m<br>e)&nbsp;K_m<br>f) (i) lower<br>(ii) K_m<br>g) [substrate]<br>h) RoR_<br><img alt=""Michaelis–Menten kinetics - Wikipedia"" src=""1200px-Michaelis_Menten_curve_2.svg.png"" width=""471"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🍳 Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Lineweaver-Burke plot:</b></span><br>a) aka?<br>b) used to?<br>c) K_m&nbsp;represents?<br>d) x-axis?<br>e) y-axis?<br>f) gradient = ?<br>g) x-intercept = ?<br>h) y-intercept = ?""a) double reciprocal plot<br>b) find out substrate conc in vivo if we know the enzyme conc<br>c) most efficient [substrate] at a specific [enzyme]<br>d) reciprocal of [substrate] (1/[substrate])<br>e) reciprocal of reaction velocity (1/V)<br>f) K_m/V_max<br>g) -1/K_m<br>h) 1/V_max<br><img alt=""Lineweaver–Burk plot - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Lineweaver-Burke_plot.svg.png"" width=""330"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. EnzymesWhat are the mechanisms that regulate enzymes?- feedback inhibition<br>- allosteric regulation<br>- proteolytic regulation<br>- gene expression controlling enzyme proteinsynthesis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. EnzymesWhat is feedback regulation in association w enzyme regulation?when downstream products inhibit the initial enzymatic reaction
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Allosteric regulation:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) regulates?<br>c) how does it work?<br>d) ex. of this?<br>e) what does 'allosteric' itself mean?""a) non-competitive inhibition<br>b) enzymes<br>c) on enzyme, other than active site, elsewhere there is an allosteric site. here, an activator or inhibitor might bind, and change the enzyme active site shape<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- by changing this shape, u can either inhibit or activate the enzyme<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- allosteric regulation <b>inhibits</b> enzyme activity<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 14.57.39.png""><br>d) feedback regulation<br>e) other site"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Proteolytic regulation</span></b><b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) -ve or +ve feedback?<br>c) how does it work?"a) enzyme regulation<br>b) +ve<br>c) when we e.g. consume food, this triggers the eventual production of an enzyme which induces more enzyme to be created
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes<b>Enzyme regulation through protein synthesis:</b><br>a) how does it work?a) during protein synthesis, when certain conc of enzyme reached and enzyme no longer needed, can switch off transcription/translation so enzyme no longer made
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes<b>Co-factors:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) ex.?a) non-protein chemical compounds/metal ions that act as 'helper molecules', often for enzymes as they help enzyme bind to substrate in certain way, allowing for reaction to occur<br>b) - metal ions<br>- prosthetic groups (e.g. haem)<br>- co-enzymes (derived from vitamins)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. EnzymesExplain the types of inhibitors of enzyme activity"1.<b> <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">non-specific inhibitors</span></b><br>- denatures the enzyme<br>- e.g. extreme pH, heat<br><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">specific inhibtors</span></b><br>- either:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <b>irreversible</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- often tightly bound to enzyme, either covalently or non-covalently, denatures enzyme<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- often artifical &amp; poisonous<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <b>reversible</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - rapid dissociation of enzyme/inhibitor complex<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<div>&nbsp; - 3 major categories:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>competitive</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>uncompetitive</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>non-competitive/mixed</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - <b>mixed</b></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"Expain the types of<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">&nbsp;specific inhibitors</span> of enzymes. How do they affect enzyme kinetic graphs?""1. <b>competitive</b><br>- competes w natural substrate for the enzyme's active site<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- @ sometimes called substrate analogues<br>- this inhibition can be overcome by ^ [substrate]<br>- affects enzyme kinetic graphs by causing curve to take longer to reach&nbsp;V_max, but&nbsp;V_max&nbsp;itself stays the same. K_m&nbsp;^._<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc competitor is blocking substrate from binding<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 15.31.33.png"" width=""435""><br><br>2.&nbsp;<b>non-competitive</b><br>- binds allosterically to (free) enzyme equally well whether substrate itself is bound or not<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- will inhibit enzyme<br>- affects enzyme kinetic graphs by lowering&nbsp;V_max, but K_m&nbsp;unchanged<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 15.34.43.png"" width=""383""><br><br>3. <b>uncompetitive</b><br>- binds allosterically to the enzyme-substrate complex, not not the free enzyme<br>- affects enzyme kinetic graphs by lowering both&nbsp;V_max&nbsp;and K_m<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 15.36.13.png"" width=""377""><br><br>4. <b>mixed</b><br>- binds either to free enzyme or enzyme-substrate complex<br>- mix of non-competitive &amp; uncompetitive<br>- affects enzyme kinetic graphs by lowering&nbsp;V_max, and either ^ing or lowering K_m, depending on what is happening (non-comp. or uncomp.)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-22 at 15.37.56.png"" width=""387"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to Endocrinology"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endocrinology</span>?"study of hormones, the glands that secrete them, &amp; the target organs they act upon
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyEx. of endocrine glands?"<img src=""IMG_978C53E0BF92-1.jpeg"" width=""402"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyExplain the diff ways hormone release can be controlled"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>neural control</b></span><br>- by the CNS<br>- neurotransmitters from pre-/post-ganglionic neurons act on nearby endocrine cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - (paracrine signalling)<br>- rapid short duration<br>- e.g. adrenaline<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>hormonal control</b></span><br>- usu controlled by other hormones<br>- secreted into blood, acting on nearby (auto/paracrine signalling) or distant (endocrine signalling) endocrine cells<br>- slow-acting, longer duration<br>- e.g. pituitary gland<br><br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nutrient/ion reglation</span></b><br>- reglulates nutrient/ion itself<br>- e.g. plasma glucose"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyWhat are the main types of hormones?1. peptide/protein hormones<br>2. amino acid-derived hormones<br>3. steroid/lipid hormones
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to Endocrinology"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Peptide/protein hormones:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) prior to release, stored in?<br>c) usu found bound to something or as they are?"a) small peptides or full proteins<br>b) secretory vesicles<br>c) as they are - they circulate as free hormones
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to Endocrinology"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Amino acid-derived hormones:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) ex.?<br>c) prior to release, stored in?<br>d) circulate as?"a) hormones derived from amino acids<br>b) thyroxine, serotonin<br>c) secretory vesicles<br>d) free hormones or loosely associated w proteins
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to Endocrinology"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Steroid/lipid hormones:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) lipid soluble/insoluble?<br>c) prior to release, stored in?<br>d) circulated as?<br>e) ex.?"a) hormones derived from cholesterol<br>b) soluble<br>c) can't be stored - released when made<br>d) bound to transport proteins<br>e) oestrogen<br><br>* all steroid hormones are lipids, but not all lipid hormones are steroids
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyWhat are the types of hormone receptors?<b>Plasma receptors:</b><br>- ionotropic receptors<br>- G protein-coupled receptors<br>- tyrosine kinase receptors<br><br><b>Intracellular receptors:</b><br>- steroid hormone receptors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyEx. of endocrine glands and the hormone(s) they secrete?- pineal -&gt; serotonin<br>- hypothalamus -&gt; ADH, dopamine<br>- pituitary -&gt; FSH, TSH<br>- thyroid -&gt; thyroxine<br>- adrenal -&gt; adrenalin, noradrenalin<br>- pancreas -&gt; insulin, glucagon<br>- ovaries -&gt; oestrogen, progesterone<br>- testis -&gt; testosterone
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::08. Intro to EndocrinologyHow can you assess endocrine function in the body (clinically)?- measure hormones thru blood or urine samples
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat are amino acids usu grouped together by?properties of their side chains
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureHow do we go from a polypeptide to a mature functional protein?"polypeptide needs to form <b>correct 3D shape</b><br>- this is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">protein folding</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure"What determines <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">protein folding</span>?"properties of side chains of amino acids
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureIrl, how do you find out the 3D structure/shape of a protein?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">X-ray crystallography</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- take pure solution of protein, leave to crystallise from solution, take those crystals, beam X-rays in, and look at defraction pattern of those beams"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureExplain the levels of protein structure"1. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">primary</span> structure</b><br>- type, order, &amp; no. amino acids in single polypeptide<br><br>2. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">secondary</span> structure</b><br>- H bonding between carbons of a single polypeptide's backbone<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- @ doesn't involve interactions between side chains<br><br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tertiary</span> structure</b><br>- interactions between R-groups (side chains) of amino acids and folding of single polypeptide chain into 3D shape<br><br>4. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">quaternary</span> structure</b><br>- interactions between multiple polypeptides to form functional molecule<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 12.40.33.png"" width=""481"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureOverall shape of protein determined by its {{c1::primary structure}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structureproteins fold into conformation (shape/structure) of {{c1::lowest}} energy. but, conformation can change when {{c1::protein interacts w other molecules in a cell}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structureproteins can fold on their own, but usu fold w help of {{c1::chaperone proteins}}
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhen does folding of polypeptides usu occur?as it leaves <b>ribosome</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure"Explain why protein folding is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">constrained</span>""- if it were flexible, there'd be an unlimited no. structures that could form<br><br>- constrained bc polypeptide contains partial double bond between the C-N bond (of peptide bond)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- there is no free rotation around double (inc partial double) bonds<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 12.52.46.png"" width=""329""><br><br>- also constrained bc polypeptide contains weak non-covalent bonds, e.g.:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- H bonds<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ionic bonds<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- Van der Waals forces"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat is the <b>stability</b> of the final shape of a protein dertermined by?combined strength of many non-covalent bonds (H bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals forces)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhy do proteins fold?"- to minimise disruption to H bonds in aqueous solution (usu&nbsp;H₂O)<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- they want non-polar (hydrophobic) side chains inside, &amp;&nbsp;polar (hydrophilic) side chains outside<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 12.59.23.png"" width=""424"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureExplain the common folding patterns of secondary structure proteins"-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);""><b>α-helix</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- string of amino acids in <b>helical</b> shape<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- H bonds between H atoms in polypeptide backbone (not side chains)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- R chains project outwards<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- represented as third image below:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 13.02.53.png"" width=""328""><br><br>-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);""><b>β-sheet</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka&nbsp;β<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">-pl</span>eated sheet<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- string of amino acids in straight-ish sheet/arrow shape<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- H bonds between H atoms in polypeptide backbone (not side chains)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- often represented as third image below:<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 13.06.45.png"" width=""348"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Protein domains:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) proteins usu contain how many?""a) Compact, stable parts of a protein that can fold independently<br>b) several<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-23 at 13.10.50.png"" width=""326"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Quaternary structure</span> (of proteins):</b><br>a) what?<br>b) what is each polypeptide chain referred to as?<br>c) diff subunits linked by?<br>d) can involve 1/multiple types of subunits?"a) interactions between multiple polypeptides to form functional molecule<br>b) subunit of the quaternary structure<br>c) non-covalent interactions, e.g.:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- hydrophobic interations&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- H bonds<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- salt bridges / ion pairs<br>d) multiple, e.g. 2x α-helix and 2x&nbsp;β-sheet
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat are the main classes of proteins? Give ex."<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Fibrous proteins:</b></span><br>- structural proteins<br>- often in long strands (simple, elongated 3D structure)<br>- insoluble in&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">H₂O</span><br>- provides structure within or outside cell<br>- e.g.:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- intracellular: fibrin, actin, myosin<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- extracellular: collagen, keratin<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Globular proteins:</b></span><br>- polypeptide chains folded together in knot/ball-like shape<br>- have dynamic functions<br>- e.g. enzymes, hormones, haemoglobin, antibodies"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat type of bond do extracellular proteins usu contain?disulfide bonds
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat regulates protein folding?"- protein folding is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">co-translational</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- occurs as its leaving ribosomes<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- € ribosome doesn't regulate it<br><br>- instead, <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>chaperone proteins</b></span> do<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka heat shock proteins<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- they also help correct mis-folding"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureWhat happens when proteins are incorrectly folded and are not corrected by chaperone proteins?can cause disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureHow do proteins know where to go within cell once they're formed/folded?"<b>3 main mechanisms of protein transport:</b><br><br>1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Gated transport</b></span><br>- transport regulated by complexes of other proteins, forming selective gate<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Transmembrane transport</b></span><br>- protein translocators move protein across specific membs<br><br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Vesicular transport</span></b><br>- used when you want to move protein from 1 organelle to another<br>- vesicles containing proteins move and then fuse w chosen organelle<br><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg"">As you can see there is examples of gated transport here and in the 7th image<img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - 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Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg""><img alt=""Radish - Wikipedia"" src=""640px-Radish_3371103037_4ab07db0bf_o.jpg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure<b>Protein localisation signals:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) types?<br>c) what guides proteins to correct translocators?"a) signals that direct proteins to specific organelles during protein transport<br><br>b) <b>3D shape recognised by diff molecules:</b><br>• <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">signal peptides</span><br>- peptide that has been split<br>• <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">signal patch transporter protein&nbsp;</span><br>- amino acids brought together to form signal after protein folding<br><br>c) signal recognition particles"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein StructureOnce proteins are made, what process do they usu undergo? explain ex."<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">post-translational modification</span></b>, e.g.:<br>- proteolysis (polypeptide broken down into diff fragments w diff functions)<br>- addition of carbohydrates<br>- addition of lipids<br>- phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, etc..."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene ExpressionWhat processes describe how cells know what genes to express and when?"-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">spatial</span>&nbsp;control<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- which cell/organ does that gene need to be expressed in<br><br>-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">temporal</span> control<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><br></span>&nbsp; &nbsp;- at what time does gene need to be expressed"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene ExpressionHow is protein production controlled?"<b>Genes can be regulated by:</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">regulating&nbsp;transcription</span>
itself<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (should we make an mRNA?)<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">post-transcriptional regulation</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- (should we -- and how should we --
translate the mRNA into protein?)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Regulation of transcription:</span></b><br>a) controls?<br>b) aka?<br>c) transciptional control exerted at which main points?"a) protein production<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- it's the most common form of protein production control<br><br>b) transcriptional control<br><br>c) 1. <b>binding of RNA polymerase</b><br>- @ beginning of gene (@ promoter)<br>- stablises interaction of RNA polymerase w DNA<br><br>2. <b>long range control</b><br>- 3D interactions w bits of genome that are @ large distance from one another&nbsp;<br><br>3. <b>chromatin remodelling</b><br>- 3D shape of DNA helps regulate binding of transcription factors to promoters<br><br>4. <b>DNA methylation</b><br>- adding methyl groups to specific nucleotides in the DNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- helps regulate 3D conformation (shape/structure) of DNA
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Transcription factors:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) how do they work?<br>c) act as either? how?""a)&nbsp;<b>proteins</b> which control <b>gene expression<br></b><br>b) - they do this by binding to DNA&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - they have particular 3D shape that fits w <b>groove</b> in DNA double helix<br><br>c) - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>repressors</b></span>: bind to specific promoter and stop RNA polymerase interacting w DNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - they're <b>switching off gene transcription</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; - this process is known as <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">-ve regulation</span><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>activators</b></span>: bind to specific promoter and stabilise interaction of RNA polymerase w DNA<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is <b>switching on/promoting gene transcription</b><br><br>* genes can also be regulated by environmental signals"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What is an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">operon</span>?"a cluster of genes that are <b>transcribed together</b> to give a <b>single mRNA strand</b>, which therefore encodes multiple proteins
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What is a<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""> locus control region</span>?"region of DNA where proteins can bind and <b>alter 3D shape of DNA</b>, and regulate transcription of <b>multiple</b> genes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What are regulatory <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">transcription factors</span> <b>activated</b> by?"- <b>proteinsynthesis</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- gene for synthesis of transcription factor is activated<br>- <b>ligand binding</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ligand binds to activate transcription factor<br>- <b>removal of inhibitor protein</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">epigenetics</span>?""study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">&nbsp; &nbsp;- unlike genetic changes, epigenetic changes are reversible and don't change your DNA sequence, but they can change how your body reads a DNA sequence</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chromatin regulation</span>?"<b>regulation of conformation of DNA</b><br>- cell type specific<br>- responds to environmental stimuli environments<br>- i.e. chromatin 'remodels' (unwinds) in response to activator protein binding<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - this binding occurs due to recognition of acetylation pattern of histones
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene ExpressionExplain DNA methylation and imprinting in epigeneticshistone modification &amp; methylation work together to be recognised by remodelling complexes to either close chromatin down or open it up<br>- methylation patterns can be inherited thru mitosis<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- known as maternal/paternal imprinting
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Post-transcriptional regulation:</span></b><br>a) regulates?<br>b) occurs when?<br>c) protein degradation?""a) gene expression<br>b) @ every step <b>between transcription &amp; translation</b><br>c) ex. of thing controlled by post-transcriptional regulation<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- it's where <b>proteins</b> are targeted for <b>degradation</b> by the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">proteasome</span> by <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ubiquitin conjugation</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-1Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-1-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-2Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-2-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-3Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-3-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-4Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-4-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-5Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-5-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-6Label stages of control of protein production"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 14.00.37.png"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-6-Q.svg"" />"1 is transcriptional contro;<br />2-6 are post-transcriptional control"<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""68d07a162c014b64b761d0f77e7e808d-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Regulation of Gene Expression"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">DNA methylation</span>?"adding methyl group to specific cytosines (C bases)<br>- this turns off gene expression
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & ResistanceWhat is the main reason for why antibiotic resistance is so common now?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">overuse</span> of antibiotics<br>- acted as a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">selection pressure</span> for bacteria<br>- e.g. to keep patient happy, antiboitics cheaper than testing, hoping broad-spectrum antiboitics work, empirical therapy (eduacated guess)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🦠Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & ResistanceWhat are the mechanisms for antibiotic action? Give ex. for each"1. <b>prevent bacterial cell wall formation</b><br>- e.g.<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">&nbsp;</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">β-lactams (penicillin, cephalosporins, etc.)</span><br><br>2. <b>disrupt bacterial cell memb</b><br>- e.g. polymixins<br><br>3. <b>biomedical transformations - target bacterial enzymes</b><br>- interferes w metabolic pathways<br>- e.g. may target enzymes responsible for bacterial growth<br>- e.g. sulphonamide<br><br>4. <b>target bacteria's ribosomes, preventing proteinsynthesis</b><br>- € no protein formation, so no bacterial growth<br>- e.g. streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, erythromycin<br><br>5. <b>destroy nucleic acid of bacteria / interfere w synthesis</b><br>- e.g. ciprofloxacin"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & Resistance"What are the classes of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">antibiotics</span>? Give ex.""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">1.&nbsp;<b>ОІ-lactams</b><br>- e.g.&nbsp;</span>penicillins, cephalosporins<br><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);""><span style=""background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><br></span></span>2. <b>Aminoglycosides</b><br>- e.g. gentamicin<br><br>3. <b>Macrolides</b><br>- e.g. erythromycin<br><br>4. <b>Tetracyclines</b><br>- e.g. doxycycline<br><br>5. <b>Trimethoprim in combo w sulfamethaxazole, creates cotrimoxazole</b><br><br>6.&nbsp;<b>Metronidazole</b><br>- used only for anaerobic bacteria<br><br>7.&nbsp;<b>Rifampicin in combo w fusidic acid</b><br>- they r used in a combo w other antibiotic otherwise bacteria can easily develop resistance<br><br>8. <b>Quinolones</b><br>- bioavailability same for oral and IV<br>- e.g. ciprofloxacin<br><br>9. <b>Antibiotics against MRSA</b><br>- e.g. glycopeptides"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & Resistance"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>ОІ-lactams:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) common ex.?<br>c) all ОІ-lactams share what characteristics?"a) most common class of antibiotics<br><br>b) penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems (each of these have their own diff specific antibiotics, these are overarching branch names)<br><br>c) ОІ-lactam ring in its chemical structure<br>- diff ОІ-lactam&nbsp;antibiotics by modifying this ring
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & Resistance"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Aminoglycosides:</b></span><br>a) ex.?<br>b) common S/E?"a) gentamicin (acts ribosomal level, preventing proteinsynthesis)<br><br>b) nephrotoxic, ototoxic<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- prevented by monitoring levels&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & ResistanceWhat does the prefix ... mean?<br>a) nephro-?<br>b) oto-?a) of/relating to kidney<br>b) of/relating to ear
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & ResistanceHow does antibiotic resistance occur?1. <b>genetic events</b><br>- mutations, inheritance, acquisition of resitant genes<br><br>2. <b>selection pressure</b><br>- eradication of susceptible pops and dominance of resistant pops<br>- i.e. natural selection/survival of the fittest<br>- often happens bc of overuse of antibiotics<br><br>3. <b>dispersion</b><br>- spread of resistant isolates (clones) or genes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & ResistanceHow does gene acquisition occur in relation to antibiotic resitance?"<b>Either:</b><br><br>1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Transformation</b></span><br>- bacteria picks up naked resistant DNA from environment, and incorporates it into its genome<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Conjugation</b></span><br>- resistant genes transferred from resitant bacteria to non-resistant bacteria along sex pilus<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-25 at 21.16.05.png"" width=""259""><br><br>3. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Transduction</span></b><br>- bacteria can get infected w viruses (bacteriophages) which transfer resistant genes to bacteria<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- benefits virus/bacteriophage as ensures host (bacteria) not killed by antibiotic"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::08. Antibiotic Action & Resistance"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hospital-associated infections</span>?"infections acquired @ hospitals / healthcare settings
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of Infection"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pathogenesis</span>"origin, development &amp; mechanism of a disease<br>- inc process by which pathogen infects and causes disease in a host
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of InfectionWhat are the general stages of an infection?1. encounter<br>2. colonisation/attachment<br>3. penetration<br>4. spread<br>5. damage<br>6. resolution
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of Infection"Compaire <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sterile</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">non-sterile anatomical sites</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sterile</span> - anatomical sites where living organisms shouldn't be present<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. blood<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">non-sterile</span> - everywhere else<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. skin, bowel"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of InfectionWhat are some lab investigations to indentify presence of infection?1. <b>test for presence of organism</b><br>- cultures - looking for whole, living organism<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. blood cultures<br>- looking for part of organism<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. antigen testing, molecular tests, PCR<br><br>2. <b>investigating host response</b><br>- organism specific<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. antibody testing<br>- organism non-specific<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. biomarkers indicating infection
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of Infection"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">parasite</span>?"any organism taking advantage of YOU<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::09. Nature & Pathogenesis of InfectionExplain the mechanisms that a parasite may cause disease"1. <b>damage caused directly by parasite</b><br>- parasite can either:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- damage cells itself (if virus, said to be <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cytotoxic virus</span>)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- secrete <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">exotoxins</span>&nbsp;, damaging cells<br><br>2. <b>damage mediated via natural immune mechanisms</b><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">endotoxins</span>&nbsp;released<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may cause clotting, macrophages releasing substances which can damage tissue<br><br>3. <b>damage mediated via adaptive immune mechanisms (hypersensitivity)</b><br>- depends on having seen parasite before - immunological memory<br>- memory responses may not be able to clear bacteria or start attacking u when bacteria isn't even present, causing tissue damage"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhat is the normal range of core body temp?"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">36.8В°C&nbsp;В±&nbsp;0.5В°C</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhere is core body temp usu recorded from?rectum (best), forehead, ear, mouth, skin, axillary (under armpit)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhat are some sources of variation of body temp?- fever<br>- exercise<br>- diff points in menstrual cycle
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation<b>In thermoregulation, give ex. of:</b><br>a) sensors<br>b) integrator<br>c) effectors<br>d) responsesa) - peripheral thermoreceptors (when there's change in environmental temp)<br>- central thermoreceptors (when there's change in core body temp)<br><br>b) hypothalamic thermoregulatory center<br><br>c) sweat glands, cutaneous blood vessels, brown fat, skeletal muscles<br><br>d) sweat, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, shivering
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhat are the types of receptors by function?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemoreceptors</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- O2, pH<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">mechanoreceptors</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- pressure, vibration, sound<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">photoreceptors</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- light<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">thermoreceptors</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- temp"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation"What are the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sensory receptors</span>?""a) simple<br>b) complex<br>c) non-neural<br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-26 at 13.11.55.png"" width=""542"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhat type of sensory receptor are thermoreceptors?simple sensory
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation"How can you classify <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">thermoreceptors</span>?"- by <b>location</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. peripheral (skin), central (core body, hypothalamus)<br><br>- by <b>temps</b> to which they respond<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. cold/warm
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation"What are ... responses to temp?<br>a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tonic</span><br>b) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">phasic</span>"a) response to change in absolute temp (temp around u @ the time)<br>b) response to change over time - acclimatisation/desensitisation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation<b>Hypothalamus:</b><br>a) during thermoregulation, acts as?<br>b) in order to do its function, must have?"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">integrator</span> - controlling part of brain that regulates response to temp changes<br>- processes info from peripheral &amp; central thermoreceptors<br><br>b) set point, to compare messages it's getting to desired temp"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationWhat NS resposible for thermoregulation?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sympathetic NS</span> (involuntary)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- but, somatic NS (voluntary) controls shivering"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation<b>What are some ways we</b><br>a) during high temp:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;(i) maximise heat loss<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;(ii) minimise heat production<br>b) during low temp:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;(i) minimise heat loss<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;(ii) maximise heat productiona) (i) - vasodilation<br>- sweating<br>- behavioural responses (e.g. using fan, removing clothes)<br>(ii) - behavioural responses (e.g. exercise less)<br><br>b) (i) - vasoconstriction<br>- lack of sweating<br>- piloerection (hairs on skin standing up)<br>- behavioural responses (e.g. layering up)<br>(ii) - shivering<br>- behavioural responses (e.g. exercising)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation"<span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">Describe routes by which heat is gained and lost by the body</span>"- radiation<br>- evaporation<br>- conduction<br>- convection
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationHow does ... alter body temp:<br>a) vasodilation<br>b) vasoconstrictiona) blood vessels near skin dilate, causing&nbsp;more heat to be carried by the blood to the skin, where it can be lost to the air by radiation<br><br>b) blood vessels near skin constrict, causing&nbsp;less heat to be carried by the blood to the skin, so less heat is lost to air by radiation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationCompare hypo- &amp; hyperthermiahypo - abnormally $ body temp<br>hyper - abnormally ^ body temp
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature Regulation<b>Common causes of:</b><br>a) hypothermia<br>b) hyperthermiaa) - cold environment (e.g. no heating)<br>- metabolic causes<br>- infections<br>- drugs (e.g. alcohol, antidepressants)<br><br>b) - infection<br>- drugs (e.g. anaesthetics, antidepressants)<br>- over-exercise, esp in hot weather
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationCommon causes of fever?<b>physiological:</b><br>- e.g. menstrual cycle, menopause<br><br><b>pathological:</b><br>- e.g. response to infection
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::09. Temperature RegulationImpact of climate change on heat-related illnesses? Interventions to mitigate this?- more heat waves, ^ hyperthermia<br>- more cold weather, ^ hypothermia<br><br>- mitigation: AC, insulation, heat wave warning systems + plans
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behavetumour is a {{c1::benign}} neoplasm, cancer is a {{c1::malignant}} neoplasm
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behave"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">dysplasia</span>"presence of <b>abnormal cells</b> within tissue or organ<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;not cancer, but can sometimes become cancer
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behave"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">carcinoma</span>""cancer arising in&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">epithelial&nbsp;tissue</span>&nbsp;of skin or of lining of internal organs<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g.&nbsp;prostate, breast, lung, colorectal cancer"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behave"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">metaplasia</span>""the change (differentiation) of cells to a form that isn't usually found in the tissue in which it exists<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;not cancer, but can sometimes become cancer</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours BehaveSteps of formation of malignant neoplasma (cancer)? Brief1. metaplasia<br>2. dysplasia<br>3. carcinoma (cancer/invasive neoplasia)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behave"Define&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">metastasis</span>"shifting of a disease from 1 part of body to another<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- usu used to descibe deposits of cancer away from primary tumour site
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours Behave"What is a:<br>a)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tumour grade</span>?<br>b) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">tumour stage</span>?""a) - extent to which tumour resembles tissue of origin<br>- Grade 1: well differentiated<br>2: moderately ""<br>3: poorly ""<br><br>b) - anatomical extent of tumour<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. how far it's spread<br>- TNM staging system:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- T: tumour size<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- N: no. of regional lymph nodes containing tumour metastases<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- M: distant metastasis present or absent"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. How Tumours BehaveSecretions of hormones by neoplasms?common<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. neoplasms in ovary may cause ovary to secrete excess oestrogen
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. Thinking About Disease"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">homeopathy</span>?"alternative medicine belief that natural substances, prepared in a special way and used usu in v small amounts, restore health
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. Thinking About Disease"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">acupuncture</span>?"alternative medicine practice of puncturing the skin with needles at certain anatomical points in body to relieve specific symptom
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::09. Thinking About Disease"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">aetiology</span>?""concept
of upstream and downstream causes of disease<br>- downstream&nbsp;= proximal = micro = e.g. physical trauma, pathogen<br>- upstream = distal = macro = e.g. social norms, gov policy"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements<b>Dietary reference values:</b><br>a) abbreviation?<br>b) RNI?<br>c) EAR?<br>d) LRNI?a) DRV<br>b) - reference nutritent intake<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- level of nutrient that is sufficient for majority of pop<br>c) - estimated avg requirement<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- amount of energy person requires<br>d) lower reference nutrient intake<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- measure of nutritional inadequacy, if ur deficient
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements- males usu have {{c1::^er}} daily calorie requirement that females<br>- old people usu have {{c1::lower}} daily calorie requirement than the young
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Basal metabolic rate:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) abbreviation?"a)&nbsp;no. calories you need to perform basic (basal) life-sustaining function<br>b) BMR
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease<b>In cytogenetics, what is a:</b><br>a) constitutional abnormality<br>b) somatic abnormalitya) alterations in chromosome no. &amp; structure that's present in <b>all cells</b>&nbsp;of body<br><br>b) alterations in chromosome no. &amp; structure that's present in some cells of body
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseExplain what stain is used in cytogenetics"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">giemsa staining</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this is bc it produces banding pattern of each chromosome<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- (each chromosome has its own unique banding pattern)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">karyotyping</span>?"process of looking @ chromosomes in cells microscopically by taking tissue samples<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- results reported as total no. chromosomes and which sex chromosomes are present
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"List the types of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chromosome abnormalities</span>"1. Numerical chromosome abnormalities<br>2. Structural chromosome abnormalities<br>3. Imprinting
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease<b>Numerical chromosome abnormalities:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) types?"a) gain or loss of complete chromosome(s)<br><br>b) 1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">polyploidy</span><br>- whole extra set of chromosomes (23 pairs)<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">aneuploidy</span><br>- 1 or ^ extra/missing whole chromosomes"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseWhat are the types of chromosomes?- autosomal chromosomes (gametes have 22 pairs)<br>- sex chromosomes (gametes have 1 pair - X or Y)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease<b>Structural chromosome abnormalities:</b><br>a) what?<br>b) occurs how?a) when&nbsp;part of an individual chromosome is missing, extra, switched to another chromosome, or turned upside down<br><br>b) - during meiosis/mitosis, chromosomes are pulled apart and line up across equatorial plane, then recombine<br>- recombination may occur between non-homologous (not paired together) chromosomes, leading to abnormality<br>- can be balanced (no overall loss of genetic material, it's j been swapped, which can still lead to disease) or unbalanced
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"What is gene/genomic <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">imprinting</span>?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">process of <b>silencing</b> genes through </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">DNA methylation</span><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">• repressed allele is methylated, while active allele is unmethylated</span><br>- gene from one parent silenced, other is expressed"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">mutation</span>"permanent transmissible change in genetic material, usu in single gene
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">polymorphism</span>"existence of ^ than 1 allele (variants) in genome in pops<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may be neutral (no effect) or predispose towards disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseExplain the types of mutations of the genome that can occur"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>point mutation</b></span><br>- single base pair (nucleotide) change<br>- types:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">silent</span> (change that has no effect on protein coding)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">missense</span> (changed amino acid code in mRNA)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nonsense</span> (codon from amino acid changed into a stop codon, giving shorter open reading frame so smaller protein)<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>deletion</b></span><br>- removal of 1 or ^ nucleotides<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>insertion</b></span><br>- addition of 1 or ^ nucleotides&nbsp;<br><br>4. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>frame-shift mutation</b></span><br>- insertion or deletion other than multiple of 3<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- nucleotides are transcribed 3 at a time, so if insertion or deletion other than multiple of 3 occurs, changes groups of bases being read at once<br><br>5. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>splicing</b></span><br>- mutation that affects splicing of mRNA<br><br>6. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">gene expression</span></b><br>- mutations that don't affect DNA sequence/genetic code, j affect whether genes are expressed or not"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseCauses of DNA mutation?- spontaneous<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- random mistakes, e.g. by DNA polymerase during DNA replication, meiosis<br><br>- induced<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- by environment, e.g. radiation, chemicals
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseWhat may happen when rate of DNA damage exceeds capacity of cell to repair it?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>senescence</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell gets old and dies<br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>apoptosis</b></span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cell recognises it's got DNA damage and kills itself<br><br>- <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">cancer</span></b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- regulation of gene expression affected, causing cell to grow uncontrollably"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Monogenetic disorders:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) caused by?<br>c) diff modes of inheritance?<br>d) ex.?"a) disorders caused by changes in DNA sequence that affect expression or function of <b>single gene</b><br><br>b) mutation in single gene<br><br>c) dominant, recessive, sex-linked<br><br>d) - cystic fibrosis<br>- sickle cell anaemia
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human DiseaseWhy are some recessive disorders so common?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">heterozygote advantage</span><br>- recessive condition, but having 1 mutated copy of gene may acc promote survival of person to reproductive age in some environments"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::09. Molecular Basis of Human Disease"Compare <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">monogenetic</span> and <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">complex genetic diseases</span>""<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-27 at 19.06.29.png"" width=""570"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer PatientState the diff treatment options for cancer1. surgery<br>2. chemotherapy<br>3. radiotherapy<br>4. ablation/embolisation<br>5. targeted therapies (small molecules/hormones)<br>6. antibody therapies<br>7. immunotherapy
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer Patient"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Chemotherapy:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) aka?<br>c) how does it kill dividing cells?<br>d) disadv?""a) drug treatment that uses powerful chemicals to kill fast-growing cells in your body<br>b) aka cytotoxic chemotherapy<br>c) breaks double helix strand during cell division, when helix needs to unwind<br>d) - toxic<br>- doesn't always work<br><br><img alt=""Chemotherapy: What it is, what to expect, side effects, and outlook"" src=""anthracycline_chemotherapy_GettyImages1384528145_Header-1024x575.jpg"" width=""434"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer Patient"What does <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">radiotherapy</span> involve?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">using beams of intense energy to kill cancer cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- usu uses X-rays, but protons or other types of energy also can be used<br><br></span><img alt=""Types of radiation therapy: How they work and what to expect"" src=""158513_2200-732x549.jpg"" width=""404"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::♋️ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer Patient<b>In oncology, what is:</b><br>a) ablation?<br>b) embolisation?a)&nbsp;minimally invasive surgical method to treat solid cancers. Special probes are used to “burn” or “freeze” cancers wo actual surgery<br><br>b) procedure in which blood supply to a cancer or an abnormal area of tissue is blocked
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer PatientExplain the diff goals of cancer treatment"1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>curative/radical</b></span><br>- to remove or kill every cancer cell<br><br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>palliative</b></span><br>- to improve symptoms, prolong life, improve QoL<br>- not able to cure but can still b benefical<br><br>3. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>adjuvant</b></span><br>- given after initial treatment to improve chance of cure by eradicating micrometastatic disease<br>- e.g. adjuvant radiotherapy (surgery then radiotherapy)<br><br>4. <b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">neoadjuvant</span></b><br>- same as adjuvant, but given before surgery<br>- e.g. neoadjuvant chemotherapy (chemo then surgery)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer Patient"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Cytotoxic</span> meaning?"toxic to cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer PatientExplain how targeted hormone therapies works to treat cancer?they send messages to cancer cells, preventing them from dividing, by blocking their cell surface receptors or intracellular signalling pathway
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::09. Managing a Cancer PatientWhat factors may impact cancer treatment options?- treatment intent/goal<br>- co-morbidities<br>- performance status<br>- patient choice
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">vaccination</span>"deliberate triggering of an adaptive immune response to a pathogen by injecting a vaccine<br><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- establishes memory to specific pathogens - generation of memory T &amp; B cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">immunisation</span>"deliberate triggering of an adaptive (acquired) immune response by introducing antigen into the body&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination... goal of vaccination?<br>a) primary<br>b) secondarya) eradication of disease<br>b) prevention of disease, e.g. COVID
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccinationwhat does it mean if a vaccine provides ... protection?<br>a) complete?<br>b) partial?a) lifelong immunity<br>b) partial protection
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of VaccinationWhat are the types of vaccination?1. active immunisation<br>2. passive immunisation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Active immunisation:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) long/short lived?<br>c) types?<br>d) diffs between these types?<br>e) types of inactivated active immunisation?""a) administration of all or part of microorganism or modified product of that microorganism, to evoke immune response mimicking that of the natural infection, but will usu present little or no risk to the recipient<br><br>b) long (bc memory cells created)<br><br>c) - <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">live attenuated</span> (e.g. MMR) =&nbsp;use of weakened (or attenuated) pathogen<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inactivated</span> = use of inactivated pathogen (can't replicate)<br><br>d)<br>&nbsp;<img src=""IMG_8A0E9633DF98-1.jpeg"" width=""721""><br><br>e) - <b>whole</b> - entire organism used<br>- <b>split</b> - part of organism used"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Passive immunisation:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) short/long lived?<br>c) usu given how?"a) administration of preformed antibody to recepient for prevention &amp; amelioration (making better/improving) of infectious disease<br>b) short<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- the antibodies don't last forever bc memory bc memory cells not created<br>c) IM (intramuscular)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of VaccinationExplain stages of how vaccines induce protective immune response1. vaccination injection<br>2. some toxoid (inactivated toxin which is the material injected) enters bloodstream and lymphatic vessels, others are approached by dendritic cells which ingest it then travel to lymph node to present antigen to immune cells here (adaptive/acquired immune response)<br>3. eventually, activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells which secrete toxoid-specific antibodies<br>4. memory B cells are generated, so faster response next time as B cells activated more rapidly so differentiate into plasma cells and secrete specific antibodies quicker
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of VaccinationWhy are live attenuated vaccines particularly effective in mimicking natural immune response compared to inactive vaccines?activates CD4+ helper <b>and</b> CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, not j CD4+ helper T cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::02.. BiomembranesWhat do you call the ... leaflet of the phospholipid bilayer of the cell memb?<br>a) inner<br>b) outera) cytosolic<br>b) exoplasmic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)What are some natural defences of the skin?1. physical barrier - keratin<br><br>2. acidic sebaceous secretions<br><br>3. immune response via blood supply &amp; lymphatics<br><br>4. normal (bacterial) flora<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- compete w pathogens for resources in environment, or may directly kill them<br><br>5. mucosal lysozymes. IgA, washing secretions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)What presentations may rashes appear as?"- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">vasculitic&nbsp;</span>lesions<br><b>&nbsp; &nbsp;</b>- lesion caused by inflammation of the blood vessel walls and skin lesions<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt=""Leukocytoclastic vasculitis - Cancer Therapy Advisor"" src=""ch7855.fig1_.jpg"" width=""264""><br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">embolic</span> lesions<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- lesion caused by&nbsp;block in an artery caused by blood clots or other substances, e.g. <b>infected tissue</b>, cancer cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt=""Septic emboli | DermNet"" src=""paste-9c0e325848e605e31c7e47f2096a931f7f5d18f3.jpg""><br><br>- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">haemorrhagic</span> lesions<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- lesion caused by internal bleeding<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt=""Photograph of skin lesions on patient A. Hemorrhagic-appearing palmar... | Download Scientific Diagram"" src=""https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8216625/figure/fig3/AS:324942601179179@1454483761669/Photograph-of-skin-lesions-on-patient-A-Hemorrhagic-appearing-palmar-lesions-are.png"" width=""307"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)<b>In SSTI, define:</b><br>a) vesicles<br>b) macules<br>c) papules"a)&nbsp;<b>thin-walled</b> <b>sac</b> filled with a <b>fluid</b>, usu clear and small<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- aka blister<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt=""Vesicles Information | Mount Sinai - New York"" src=""2046.jpg"" width=""279""><br><br>b)&nbsp;flat, distinct, <b>discolored</b> area of skin less than 1cm wide<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;doesn't involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- areas of discoloration that are ^ than or = to 1cm are referred to as patches<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<img alt=""Macule: Identification, Causes, and Treatments"" src=""Sunspot-1296x728-gallery_slide4.jpg"" width=""366""><br><br>c)&nbsp;a <b>raised area of skin tissue</b> that's less than 1cm around<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;can have distinct or indistinct borders, can appear in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;-&nbsp;<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img alt=""Skin-Colored Papules on the Chest | Federal Practitioner"" src=""fdp03511038_f.png"" width=""403""><img alt=""Papule - Wikipedia"" src=""Fibrous_papule_of_the_nose_01.jpg"" width=""328"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)What are the types of necrotosing infections (deeper infections of skin)?- gas gangrene<br><br>- necrotising fasciitis (flesh-eating bacteria, e.g. Strep A)<br><br>- pyomyositis<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - deep abscesses within muscles, usu in thigh
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-1"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"">""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-1-Q.svg"">"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-2"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-2-Q.svg"" />"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-3"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-3-Q.svg"" />"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-4"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"">""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-4-Q.svg"" />"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-4-A.svg"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-5"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-5-Q.svg"" />"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-6"<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.10.20.png"">""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-6-Q.svg"" />"CNS ignored here"<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""27cdef5c17b34e04b03ec7e5f55925af-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Enteric NS:</b></span><br>a) branch of?<br>b) controls?"a) ANS<br>b) digestive tract
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous SystemMain function of ANS?maintain homeostasis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous SystemIn general, ... NS uses what as neurotransmitters?<br>a) parasympathetic<br>b) sympathetica) acetycholine (ACh)<br>b) catecholamines, e.g. adrenaline, noradrenaline&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous SystemWhat are the ways the sympathetic &amp; parasympathetic NS can interact?"1. <b>antagonistic (physiologically)</b><br>- aka physiological antagonism<br>- when the 2 NS's have opposing effects<br><br>2. <b>Complementary</b><br>- both act to similar end<br>- e.g. parasymp controlls secretion/vol of saliva, symp controlls composition of saliva<br><br>3. <b>Co-operative</b><br>- both play a role in overall function<br>- e.g. in reproduction,&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">p</span>arasymp&nbsp;controls dilation of blood vessels (erection),&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"">s</span>ymp controls constriction of smooth muscle (ejaculation)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">p</span>oint &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"">s</span>hoot"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous SystemHow does CNS control ANS?- ANS acts on effectors to maintain homeostasis, but in order to do this, ANS must receive info from CNS
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous SystemWhat are the key areas within CNS that are involved w ANS function?- hypothalamus<br>- brain stem/medulla - receives sensory afferents<br>- spinal cord<br>- cerebral cortex
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous System"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Hypothalamus:</b></span><br>a) what?<br>b) location?""a) main integration centre 4 autonomic info<br>b)<br>&nbsp;<img src=""Screenshot 2022-12-30 at 15.37.57.png"" width=""361"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ«‚ Public Health::10. Intro to Global HealthWhat are the diff ways for <b>comparing health of diff pops</b>?"1.&nbsp;<b>mortality:</b><br>- life expectancy<br>- maternal<br>- infant/child<br>- all cause @ all ages<br>- disease-specific<br>- measure <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">YLL</span> (years of life lost) - measure of premature mortality<br><br>2. <b>morbidity:</b><br>- disease-specific incidence or prevalence<br>- DALYs - disability-adjusted life years, loss of equivalent of 1 year of full health"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesHow can we improve cancer outcomes?1. stop people developing cancer (<b>prevention</b>)<br>2. catch cancer @ <b>early</b> stage<br>3. develop better <b>treatments</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesList ex. of cancer preventions- stop smoking<br>- decrease UV light exposure<br>- healthy diet<br>- healthy weight<br>- physical activity<br>- preventing diseases which cause cancer
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesList types of cancers w most common screening programmes in UK- breast<br>- cervical<br>- bowel<br>- colorectal
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::♋️ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer Outcomes"What is <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">precision oncology</span>?""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">the molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alterations<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. using patient’s genetics to create treatment plan targeted to molecular characteristics of their cancer</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesExplain the types of genomic variations&nbsp;"1.&nbsp;<b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">germline</span> genomic variation</b><br>- gene mutations that are inhertied/heritable, implications for family<br><br>2.&nbsp;<b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">somatic</span> genomic variation</b><br>- gene mutations that aren't heritable, no implications for family"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesHow can altered/mutated DNA sequences in tumours be targeted for treatment?for somatic gene mutations:<br>- molecularly analyse tumour sample, then use drugs which are targeted @ that DNA
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::11. Improving Cancer OutcomesExplain the role of <b>clinical trials</b> in cancer management, for health professionals &amp; patients"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-01 at 21.33.28.png"" width=""607"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1What are the current gov dietary recommendations on the sources our energy should come from?carbohydrate - 50%<br>fat - 35%<br>protein - 15%
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1"<div>dietary recommendations {{c1::change}} overtime and
may {{c1::differ}} between countries or professional bodies</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1Type of memb receptors present within ANS?"<b>LGIC:</b><br>- ligand-gated ion channel<br>- looks like 2 bars<br>- aka&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ionotropic receptor</span><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 19.10.05.png"" width=""140""><br><br><b>GPCR:&nbsp;</b><br>- types:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- G-protein coupled receptor<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- ex. of transmemb protein<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- GPCR-linked ion channel<br>- aka <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">metabotropic receptor</span> (receptor whose&nbsp;action is mediated by metabolic functions&nbsp;(eg enzyme activation))<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 19.17.00.png"" width=""197"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1Name 2 features of body that usu <b>only</b> have ... innervation<br>a) symp<br>b) parasympa) - sweat glands<br>- blood vessels<br>b) - bronchial smooth muscle<br>- ciliary muscle in eye
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1<div><div><a>a) what neurotransmitter is found @ every ganglion in most (esp ANS) NS's?</a></div><div><a>b) € what memb receptor is found on every post-synaptic neuron in a ganglion?</a></div></div><a>a) acetylcholine (ACh)<br></a>b) nicotinic acetycholine receptor - nAChR (N_G) - small 'G' indicates ganglionic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1Explain the steps of how&nbsp;<a>preganglionic neuron acts on postganglionic neuron (@ a ganglion), in ANS</a>"1. CNS generates action potential<br>2. causes influx of Na+ into preganglionic neuron, propagating action potential<br>3. as action potential gets to end of preganglionic neuron, causes influx of Ca2+<br>4. this causes vesicles (containing neurotransmitters - ACh) @ end of pre-ganglionic neuron to translocate to memb, releasing cargo of neurotransmitters across synapse<br>5. ACh neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR (N_G)) on memb of postganglionic neuron<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 21.33.35.png"" width=""453"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1What is the diff between memb receptors w this at the end: (N_G) and (N_M)?- small 'G' symbolises ganglionic receptor<br>- small 'M' symbolises receptor in skeletal muscle end plate
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Nicotinic receptors:</span></b><br>a) type of receptor?<br>b) how do these work in terms of continuing the action potential @ a ganglion?<br>c) types?<br>d) main diff between these types?<br>e) made up of how many subunits?""a) ligand-gated ion channel (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">LGIC</span>) - ionotropic<br><br>b) 2 <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ACh</span> molecules bind to&nbsp;О± subunits, opening pore, allowing Na+ to flood into post-ganglionic neuron, causing depolarisation<br><br>c)&nbsp;1. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ganglionic</span> nicotinic (N_G) receptors<br>2. <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">muscle type</span> nicotinic (N_M) receptors<br><br>d) same structure, but made up of diff subunits<br>- the diff subunits mean that ACh bind to both receptors, but the 2 receptors have diff neurotransmitters that can also bind to it and open up pores of postganglionic neuron, causing influx of Na+<br><br>e) 5<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.15.12.png"" width=""342"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1All postganglionic nerves in parasymp NS release neurotransmitters (ACh) which bind to what memb receptor on target tissue?"<a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">muscarinic ACh receptor (</div></div></a>mAChR)<br>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Muscarinic ACh receptor:</span></b><br>a) abbreviation?<br>b) type of receptor?<br>c) structure?<br>d) binding of ACh causes?""a) mAChR<br>b) G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) - metabotropic<br>c) 7 transmemb domains coupled to G-protein trimer<br>d) α subunit of G-protein to swap out GDP for GTP<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- € α subunit now active<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- € this active subunit dissociates from G-protein trimer, activating downstream effector molecules (diff depending on type of muscarinic ACh receptor)<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.13.12.png"" width=""416"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1a) What is the neurotransmitter found at <b>most</b> symp NS postganglionic nerves (when they're releasing neurotransmitter to target tissue)?<div><br>b) what receptors are found @ the target tissue here?</div><div><br>c) any exceptions to <b>a</b>, where? explain</div>"a) <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">noradrenaline</span> (NA)<div><br>b) 3 <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">adrenoreceptors</span> -&nbsp;О±-1,&nbsp;ОІ-1,&nbsp;ОІ-2<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- can recognise either adrenaline or noradrenaline<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- type of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">G-protein coupled receptor&nbsp;<br></span><br></div><div>c) yes, e.g. in:<br>-<b> sweat gland</b> - ACh is the neurotransmitter which binds to&nbsp;<a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">muscarinic ACh receptor&nbsp;(</div></div></a>mAChR) on sweat gland (target tissue)<br>- <b>adrenal medulla</b> - doesn't have postganglionic neuron, only pre, which releases ACh (like all preganglionic neurons in ANS release ACh) which binds to nicotinic acetycholine receptor (nAChR (N_G))&nbsp;on adrena medulla (target tissue), stimulating adrenal gland to release adrenaline/noradrenaline to bloodstream systemically</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1In <b>all</b> of ANS, preganglionic neuron <b>always</b> releases {{c1::acetycholine (ACh)}} as its neurotransmitter
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 122ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-1State the neurotransmitter, receptor neurotransmitter acts on, & any exceptions in terms of the neurotransmitter released"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.42.59.png"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 122ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-2State the neurotransmitter, receptor neurotransmitter acts on, & any exceptions in terms of the neurotransmitter released"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.42.59.png"" />""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 122ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-3State the neurotransmitter, receptor neurotransmitter acts on, & any exceptions in terms of the neurotransmitter released"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.42.59.png"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 122ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-4State the neurotransmitter, receptor neurotransmitter acts on, & any exceptions in terms of the neurotransmitter released"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 22.42.59.png"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-4-Q.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""22ed0bccf22c4de5b0b4fbda71b7a55c-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1<b>In parasymp NS:</b><br>a) what is the neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neuron?<div>b) what is the receptor for neurotransmitter in <b>a</b>?<br>c) what is the neurotransmitter released by postganglionic neuron?&nbsp;<br>d) what is the receptor for neurotransmitter in&nbsp;<b>c</b>?</div>a) acetycholine (ACh)<br>b) nicotinic acetycholine receptor - nAChR (N_G)<div>c) acetycholine (ACh)<div>d) muscarinic acetycholine receptor - mAChR</div></div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1<a>How is the release of acetylcholine (neurotransmitter) by neuron @ synapse regulated?</a>"<a><div><b>either:</b></div></a><div><a>-&nbsp;</a><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">there's a nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) on the pre-synaptic memb. the binding of ACh that has been released by pre-synaptic neuron/preganglionic neuron to this receptor stops the exocytosis of vesicles and release of further ACh</div></div></a></div><div><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;""><br></div></div></a></div><div><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">- enzyme called ACh esterase (AChE) located on post-synaptic neuron or target tissue breaks ACh down into its constituents</div></div></a></div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- this choline can then be recycled by choline transporter on pre-synaptic memb</div><div><br></div><div>- latrotoxin causes all ACh contained in all vesicles of pre-synaptic neuron to be released (via exocytosis)</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-03 at 23.06.12.png"" width=""469""><br></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1"What&nbsp;<a></a><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">causes all vesicles containing ACh neurotransmitter in pre-synaptic neurons to be released?</div></div></a><br>"latrotoxin
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 1Drugs that affect parasymp NS mainly act on {{c1::muscarinic}} receptors"- these drugs are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">agonists</span> which mimic ACh @ muscarinic receptors,&nbsp;€ activating them<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- antagonist drugs do the opposite by blocking these muscarinic receptors which ACh normally bind to<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. agonists (which mimic ACh @ muscarinic receptors) cause pupil constriction, whereas antagonists (which block ACh binding to muscarinic receptors) cause pupil dilation"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2Explain how the release of noradrenaline (neurotransmitter) in symp NS from pre-synaptic neuron to target tissue is regulated"- there are&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">α-2 adrenoreceptors</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""> on pre-synaptic memb</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- when NA that has been released binds to this receptor, exocytosis (&amp; € release) of vesicles containing NA is stopped<br><br>-&nbsp;<a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">enzyme called&nbsp;catechol-O-methyltransferase (<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">COMT</span>)&nbsp;</div></div></a><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">located on post-synaptic neuron or target tissue breaks down NA into its constituents, which are recycled by NA transporter on pre-synaptic memb</div></div></a><br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-04 at 15.40.23.png"" width=""380""><br>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sympathomimetic </span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">drugs</span>""drug <b>agonists</b> which mimic&nbsp;the effect of endogenous agonists (e.g. noradrenaline)&nbsp;@ synapse&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">of the symp NS</span><br>- e.g. <b>salbutamol</b>, drug that causes bronchodilation (relaxation of bronchial, smooth muscle)<br>- directly act on&nbsp;О± or&nbsp;ОІ receptors"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sympatholytic drugs</span>""drug antagonists that block receptor of endogenous agonists (e.g. noradrenaline)<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">&nbsp;</span>@ synapse of the&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">symp NS</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2Describe the chemical diffs between adrenaline &amp; noradrenaline, &amp; what this causes in terms of effectiveness to diff adrenoreceptors- not much<br>- end of adrenaline has&nbsp;<b>extra methyl (CH₃) group</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- causes:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- NA to be ^ effective (/potent) for&nbsp;О±-adrenoreceptors, &amp; less for&nbsp;ОІ-adrenoreceptors<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- adrenaline to be effective for&nbsp;both&nbsp;О±- &amp;&nbsp;ОІ-adrenoreceptors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2What type of memb receptors are all adrenoreceptors?G-protein coupled receptors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2In symp NS, only LGIC (ligand-gated ion channel) that's relevant is which one?"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nicotinic</span> receptor @ <b>ganglia</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- all other downstream effects are via <b>GPCRs</b> - either&nbsp;О±-1,&nbsp;О±-2,&nbsp;ОІ-1, or&nbsp;ОІ-2<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- which specific GPCR dictates which effect is acc seen"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">О±-1 receptors:<br></span></b>a) type of?<br>b) what type of G-protein is found coupled to these?<br>c) explain process of how this is activated and what this leads to?<br>d) ex.?""a) GPCR<br>b) Gq<br>c)&nbsp;<a>Gq is activated, leading to activation of Phospholipase C, eventually leading to calcium release and <b>smooth muscle contraction</b><br></a>d)<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">&nbsp;<b>О±-1 adrenoreceptors</b>, found in blood vessels &amp; smooth muscle, causes vasoconstriction and smooth muscle constriction (except in GI tract)</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">О±-2 receptors:<br></span></b>a) type of receptor?<br>b) what type of G-protein is found coupled to these?<br>c) effect when activated?<br>d) ex.?""a) GPCR<br>b) Gi<br>c)&nbsp;<a></a><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">stops release of neurotransmitter<br></div></div></a>d)&nbsp;<b>О±-2 adrenoreceptors</b>, located on pre-synaptic memb, stops release of adrenaline/NA"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">ОІ-receptors:<br></span></b>a) type of receptor?<br>b) types?<br>c) what type of G-protein is found coupled to these (to both types)?<br>d) effect when activated?""a) GPCR<br>b<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">)&nbsp;ОІ-1 &amp;&nbsp;ОІ-2 receptors</span><br>c) Gs<br>d)&nbsp;<a></a><a><div style=""display: inline !important;""><div style=""display: inline !important;"">heart muscle contraction, smooth muscle relaxation, glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen)</div></div></a><br>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2How can adrenaline be used to cause a concentrated (&amp; € longer) local anaesthetic effect?"by being <b>co-administered</b> w <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">lidocaine<br></span>- act as&nbsp;α-1 adrenoreceptor agonists"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Isoprenaline:</b></span><br>a) chemical structure compared to adrenaline/NA?<br>b) more selective for&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">О±- or&nbsp;ОІ-receptors?</span><br>c) medicine that's used to treat?""a) has ^ methyl groups @ end<br>b)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">ОІ</span><br>c) bradycardia (slow heart rate)<br>- bc they're agonists"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Salbutamol:</b></span><br>a) how's it diff to adrenaline/NA by chemical structure?<br>b) ^ effective/potent/selective for<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">&nbsp;О±- or&nbsp;ОІ-receptors?</span><br>c) medicine that's used to treat?""a) has ^ methyl groups<br>b)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">ОІ-2 &gt;&nbsp;ОІ-1 &gt;&gt;&nbsp;О±</span><br>c) asthma bc it causes bronchodilation (relaxation of bronchial, smooth muscle)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">Compare ОІ-1 &amp;&nbsp;ОІ-2 adernoreceptors in terms of what organ they affect most</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);""><b>ОІ-1 -&gt; heart</b><br>- ex. of&nbsp;ОІ-1&nbsp;adernoreceptor agonist:&nbsp;dobutamine<br><br><b>ОІ-2 -&gt; lungs<br></b>-&nbsp;ex. of&nbsp;ОІ-2&nbsp;adernoreceptor agonist:&nbsp;e.g. salbutamol</span><br><br>(got 1 heart, got 2 lungs)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::10. Pharmacology of ANS 2"<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>β-receptor antagonists:<br></b></span>a) aka?<br>b) effects?<br>c) uses?<br>d) S/E?""a)&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">β-blockers</span><br><br>b) little effect on resting heart rate, cardiac output, arterial pressure under normal circumstances, but will blunt these when exercising (€ have reduced exercise tolerance)<br><br>c) 1. reduce <b>hypertension</b> by:<br>- reducing cardiac output<br>- reducing sympathetic activity<br>- changing renin release from kidney<br>2. <b>cardiac</b><br>- improve oxygenation of heart muscle, so used to treat angina<br>3. <b>anxiolytics</b><br>- class of medication used to treat anxiety symptoms<br>- modulate/influence autonomic symptoms e.g. palpitations, essential tremor (like i had)<br><br>d) - bradycardia (slower heart rate)<br>- hypoglycaemia (abnormal low level of glucose bc glucose release in response to adrenaline is blocked)<br>- fatigue (due to lower cardiac output &amp; exercise tolerance)<br>- bronchoconstriction (€ can't be used by asthmatics who use&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(32, 33, 36);"">β-</span><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">agonists as they cause bronchodilation - opposite effect)</span><br>- feeling cold (bc of vasodilation)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"Explain the steps in <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">chemical cell-cell communication</span>"1. chemicals (e.g. ACh, NA, cytokines, hormones) released by a cell<br>2. chemical travels short (by diffusion) or long (by blood) distance<br>3. chemical binds to receptor on target cell<br><br>either memb receptor (if chemical lipophobic) or intracellular receptors (cytosolic or nuclear receptors, for lipophilic chemicals)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic TransmissionExplain the types of synapses1. <b>chemical synapses</b><br>- pre-synaptic neuron releases neurotransmitters to communicate w post-synaptic neuron<br><br>2. <b>electrical synapses</b><br>- direct connections between cells (gap junctions)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"Why are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">mitochondria</span> always present in pre-synaptic terminal of synapse?"making &amp; storing neurotransmitter requires lots of ATP<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- as does exocytosis of synaptic vesicles
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-1Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-1-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-1-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-2Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-2-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-3Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-3-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-4Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-5Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-5-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-6Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-6-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-7Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-7-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-8Label this synapse"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.36.55.png"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-8-A.svg"" />""<img src=""0b195a81dcc249c6ab054af108c20893-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic TransmissionIn pre-synaptic terminal, what helps package neurotransmitters into vesicles?transporter proteins
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"Explain the stages of <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">synaptic transmission</span>""1. action potential <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>depolarises</b></span> axon terminal<br>2. depolarisation<b> <span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">opens volatage-gated&nbsp;Ca²⁺&nbsp;ion channels</span></b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">, so&nbsp;<b>Ca^2+&nbsp;enters</b> the cell down electrochemical gradient (bc ^ [Ca²⁺] outside &amp; $</span><span style=""color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"">&nbsp;</span>[Ca²⁺] inside cell, and Ca^2+&nbsp;+vely-charged &amp; inside cell's -vely-charged)<br>3. Ca^2+&nbsp;entry triggers <b>exocytosis of synaptic vesicle's</b> contents (neurotransmitters)<br>4. neurotransmitter <b>diffuses</b> across synaptic cleft and <b>binds transiently w receptors</b> on postsynaptic memb<br>5. neurotransmitter binding <b>initiates a response</b> in postsynaptic cell<br>6. once neurotransmitter has activated receptor, it's <b>removed</b> from synapse either by metabolism (enzyme breakdown) or reuptake into another cell<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 13.52.10.png"" width=""347"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic TransmissionAt synapse, multiple action potentials will result in {{c1::^}} Ca^2+&nbsp;entering cell, {{c1::^er}} no.&nbsp;vesicles will release neurotransmitter, € {{c1::^}}&nbsp;neurotransmitter available to bind to receptors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"What is a <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">excitatory post-synaptic potential </span>(EPSP)?""- a small depolarisation which makes generation of an action potential ^ likely<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- resting memb potential becomes ^ +ve / away from resting potential value (-70mV) towards 0mV<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 14.02.26.png"" width=""267"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"What is an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">inhibitory post-synaptic potential</span> (IPSP)?""- a small repolarisation which makes generation of an action potential less likely<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- resting memb potential becomes ^ -ve (than -70mV)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 14.06.10.png"" width=""236"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic TransmissionWhat does the activation of each synapse generate?"<b>small</b> <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">graded potential</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- either an EPSP or IPSP, depending on neurotransmitter &amp; receptors<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- small so not enough to reach threshold potential to initiate an action potential<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- BUT, every neuron receives input from loads of synapses, so neuron cell body integrates (adds together) the graded potentials from all these synapses to determine if threshold potential is reached"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);""><a>What is the amount of neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft proportional to?</a></span>"<a>amount of Ca²⁺&nbsp;entering through voltage-gated Ca²⁺&nbsp;ion channels</a>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Summation:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) types?"a) process where post-synaptic potentials integrate to determine whether or not action potential triggered<br>b) - temporal<br>- spatial
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Temporal summation:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?"a) summation<br>b) process where post-synaptic potentials/inputs from <b>same location</b> (from single or small no. synapses v close to each other) add together <b>overtime</b> (if short delay between action potentials/^ freq)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Spatial summation:</span></b><br>a) type of?<br>b) what?"a) summation<br>b) <b>simultaenous</b> post-synaptic potentials/inputs from <b>diff locations </b>(synapses) added together
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Gap junctions:</span></b><br>a) aka?<br>b) what?<br>c) what type of signals can pass thru these?""a) electrical synapses<br>b) synapse where cells are <b>almost touching</b>. channels called <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">connexons</span> run thru gap junctions, quickly allowing <b>ions</b> to move from one cell to next<br>c) electrical and chemical"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour BiologyWhat do neoplasms result from?genetic changes in cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour BiologyCompare the growth patterns of benign &amp; malignant tumours"<b>Benign:</b><br>- has exophytic growth (grows up/outwards - away from tissue)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- the small bit of it that does grow inwards has circumscribed/encapsulated edge<br>- growns by pushing rather than infiltrating<br>- invades tissue, but not vessels (so doesn't metastisise)<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.36.47.png"" width=""362""><br><br><b>Malignant:</b><br>- has endophytic growth (grows down/inwards - towards tissue), producing irregular, finger-like projections<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- invades tissue and vessels (so metastisises)<br>- has ulcerated surface<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.37.45.png"" width=""377"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology<b>Describe the ... of {(i) benign (ii) malignant} tumours</b><br>a) growth rate<br>b) mitosis pattern<br>c) histological resembelance to normal tissue<br>d) metastases<br>e) border<br>f) direction of growtha) (i) slow (ii) fast<br><br>b) (i) infreq (ii) freq &amp; often atypical<br><br>c) (i) good (ii) variable, often poor<br><br>d) (i) never (ii) freq<br><br>e) (i) usu circumscribed/encapsulated (defined)<br>(ii) irreglar, poorly defined<br><br>f) (i) exophytic (ii) endophytic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sarcoma</span>""type of cancer that begins in <b>bone</b> or in the <b>soft tissues</b> of the body, e.g. in cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, fibrous tissue, or other CT or supportive tissue<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. o<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">steosarcomas (sarcoma of bone), fibrosarcoma (develops in fibrous tissue), dermatofibrosarcoma&nbsp;(develops in skin)</span><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- when neoplasm's are not epithelial, they are this"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-1Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-2Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-3Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-3-Q.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-4Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-5Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-6Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-6-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-6-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-7Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-7-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-7-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-8Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-8-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-8-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-9Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-9-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-9-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-10Fill blanks"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-05 at 15.51.06.png"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-10-Q.svg"">"no phase where it's just abnormal cells in one area - it's starts as cancer"<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-10-A.svg"">""<img src=""52e4ec51bd72449883cfbb1dcda61a88-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"Explain the <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">hallmarks of cancer</span>"<ol><li>Sustained Proliferation: Mutated growth signals drive continuous cell division.</li><li>Evading Growth Suppressors: Exhibiting autonomous growth, bypassing normal controls.</li><li>Invasion and Metastasis: Undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, facilitating movement through vessels.</li><li>Replicative Immortality: Carrying mutations for continuous cell division without aging.</li><li>Inducing Angiogenesis: Promoting the growth of their blood supply.</li><li>Resisting Cell Death: Evading apoptosis.</li><li>Avoiding Immune Destruction: Some cells hide antigens to evade immune recognition.</li><li>Deregulating Cellular Energetics: Hijacking metabolic pathways for survival.</li></ol>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour BiologyWhat type of cell divisions can stem cells undergo?"either <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">symmetrical</span> or <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">asymmetrical division</span><br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-06 at 11.41.20.png"" width=""498"">&nbsp;<br>dark blue cells can enter cell cycle"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour BiologyIn terms of genes, which ones are activated/inactivated when going from normal to neoplastic cells?"- oncogene activated<br>- tumour suppressor gene inactivated<br><br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-06 at 11.45.41.png"" width=""460"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">proto-oncogenes</span>"'normal' genes that promote cell proliferation<br>- e.g. genes that code for growth factors, growth factor receptors, cell cycle proteins&nbsp;
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">oncogene</span>"gene which in certain circumstances can transform cell into tumour&nbsp;cell
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Tumour suppressor genes:</span></b><br>a) what?<br>b) what happens if both copies of a tumour suppressor gene in a cell are lost/inactivated?<br>c) how may the above happen?<br>d) name some must-know ex.?""a) gene that inhibits tumour cell growth or promote apoptosis of tumour cell<br><br>b) cell will:<br>- divide ^ rapidly, and/or<br>- not die by apoptosis<br><br>c) gene mutation<br><br>d)&nbsp;<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-06 at 23.39.40.png"" width=""285""><br><div><b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">P53</span></b></div><div>- Normal: Stops abnormal cell division, triggers apoptosis.<br>- Defective: Allows abnormal cells to divide, avoiding apoptosis (nightclub bouncer analogy).<br></div><div><br></div><div><b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">RB1</span></b></div><div>- Retinoblastoma 1 gene, usually inherited with one copy.</div><div>- Mutation in the other copy raises risk of bilateral retinoblastoma.</div><div>- If one copy is mutated, disease may develop in one eye; with both copies mutated, it occurs in both eyes.</div><div><br></div><b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">BRCA1</span></b><br>- BReast CAncer gene 1<br>- responsible for DNA repair<br><br><b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">BRCA2</span></b><br>- BReast CAncer gene 2<br>- responsible for DNA repair<br>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology<b>What do the following terms mean (usu embedded in words):</b><br>a) osteo<br>b) chondros<br>c) lipos<br>d) mys<br>e) rhabdos<br>f) leios<br>g) adeno<br>h) angioa) bone<br>b) cartilage<br>c) fat<br>d) muscle<br>e) rod, as in striated muscle fibres<br>f) smooth muscle fibres<br>g) gland<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. adenocarinoma means malignant glandular neoplasm<br>h) (blood) vessel<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g. angiosarcoma means malignant tumour of blood vessels
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"what does the suffix <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">-oma</span> mean? any exceptions?"- <b>tumour</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- e.g.:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- oste<b>oma</b> = benign tumour of bone<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- squamous cell <b>carcinoma</b> = malignant tumour of squamous cells<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- leiomyo<b>sarcoma</b> = malignant tumour of smooth muscles<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- BUT exceptions:<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- lymphoma = malignant tumour of lymphocytes<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- melanoma = malignant tumour of melanocytes<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- retinoblastoma = malignant tumour of retinal photoreceptors<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- mesothelioma = malignant tumour of mesothelial cells
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide Metabolism"What are <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">nucleotides</span> essential for?"- heritability (storage of genetic info)<br>- energy production (ATP synthesis)<br>- second messengers (cAMP, cGMP)<br>- proteinsynthesis<br>- cell proliferation<br>- components of co-enzymes (FAD, NAD, Coenzyme A)<br>- enzyme regulation in metabolic &amp; signalling pathways
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide MetabolismExplain the components of nucleotides &amp; their names"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 00.28.56.png"" width=""404""><br>base is nitrogenous base"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide MetabolismExplain the structure of nucleotides"- nitrogenous base (A, T, C, or G), (always pentose - 5C) sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate group<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 01.00.40.png"" width=""302"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide Metabolism<b>Define:</b><br>a) nucleoside<br>b) nucleotide<br>c) nucleic acid"a) sugar + base<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 17.56.57.png"" width=""178""><br>b) phosphate + sugar + base<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 17.57.10.png"" width=""173""><br>c) nucleotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 17.57.24.png"" width=""181"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide MetabolismWhat are the chemical linkages between monomer units of nucleic acids called?phosphodiester bonds
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide MetabolismHow are 2 diff nucleic acids linked together?"weak <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">H bonds</span> between complementary nucleotide bases"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::11.. Nucleotide Metabolism"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">catabolism</span>"the&nbsp;<b>breakdown of complex molecules</b> in living organisms&nbsp;to form <b>simpler ones</b>, together w the <b>release of energy</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. destructive&nbsp;metabolism.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection"Define bacterial <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">colonisation</span>"presence of bacteria in or on host w <b>growth</b> &amp; <b>multiplication</b> but wo <b>invasion</b><br>- <b>may</b> lead to infection when changes in host occurs and/or as a consequence of bacterial factors
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection"Define <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">infection</span>"- involves colonisation &amp; invasion by pathogen
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionBriefly describe the course of a disease<a><div><div>1. Exposure&nbsp;</div><div>2. Colonisation through adherence (adhesion) - bacteria binds to human surface it encounters (e.g skin, gut, mucosa).&nbsp;</div><div>3. Once adhered can invade and cause infection</div></div></a>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection<a><div><div>What are the 3 possible consequences of infection?&nbsp;</div></div></a><a><div><div>- no illness (recovery)</div><div><br></div><div>- acute illness (carrier)</div><div><br></div><div>- chronic illness (can lead to death or carrier state (long-term carrier))</div></div></a>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionWhat mechanisms in our body prevent us from becoming infected w pathogens?"1. lysosymes in tears (&amp; other secretions)<br>2. cilia in nasopharynx which remove particles<br>3. mucus lining trachea<br>4. skin surface: physical barrier, fatty acids, normal flora<br>5. stomach (pH 2)<br>6. rapid pH change from pH 2 (in stomach) to pH 8 in duodenum (frst part of small intestine, attached to stomach)<br>7. normal flora in gut<br>8. flushing of urinary tract (urination)<br>9. innate + adaptive immune systems<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 23.21.12.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionWhat are the routes of transmission for infection?1. respiratory tract (aerosols &amp; droplets)<br>2. food or by faecal/oral route<br>- e.g. salmonella<br>3. cuts, scratches, abrasions &amp; bites (breakages of the skin)<br>- e.g. pasteurella (common infection following cat bite)<br>4. urinary / reproductive tract<br>- e.g. UTIs, STIs<br>5. vectors (e.g. mosquitoes)<br>- e.g. malaria
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection"State the diff between <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">aerosol</span> &amp; <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">droplet</span> transmission"size of infectious particle - aerosol smaller (so can travel further distance), droplet larger
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionWhat are the 4 types of transmission?1. <b>direct</b><br>- human to human<br>- e.g. SARS-CoV-2, TB<br><br>2. <b>vector-vertebrate</b><br>- vector (e.g. mosquito) to vertebrate (e.g. rats) or humans<br>- e.g. plague, yellow fever<br><br>3. <b>vector</b><br>- biting arthropod to human<br>- e.g. malaria<br><br>4. <b>vertebrate</b><br>- vertebrate (dog) to other vertebrates or humans<br>- e.g. rabies
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection<a><div><div>For humans, when does the body start getting colonised?</div></div></a>from birth
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionWhat types of bacteria may colonise you?1. commensal bacteria<br>2. opportunistic bacteria<br>3. highly pathogenic bacteria
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionHow do bacteria adhere (i.e. stick) to host cells &amp; resist removal?"they have specific proteins on their surface (e.g. pili, fimbriae, adhesins, biofilms) that actively bind to tissue within human body<br><img src=""Screenshot 2023-01-07 at 23.50.25.png"" width=""276"">*diff to flagella!"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Invasiveness&nbsp;</span>(of a pathogen):</b><br>a) define<br>b) determined by what factors?"a) ability of a pathogen to invade host<br><br>b) 1. colonisation factors<br>2. certain factors (e.g. toxins) which allow them to invade host cells &amp; cause disease&nbsp;<br>3. evasion of immune system
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection"<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">T3SS:</span></b><br>a) stands for?<br>b) what?<br>c) explain how it works?<br>d) ex. of bacteria that uses this mechanism?""a) type III secretion system<br><br>b) ex. of mechanism allowing bactera to invade host cell<br><br>c) 1. bacteria has type III secretion system, allowing it to puncture host cell &amp; inject effector proteins (proteins w particular function) into cell<br>- when inside host cell, bacteria may use <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">actin polymerisation</span>&nbsp;(where they develop an <span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">actin tail</span>) allowing them to <b>move</b> v slowly thru cell, until it gets to <b>edge</b> of cell where it can <b>protude and invade next cell </b>(that's adhered to infected cell)*<br><br>d) salmonella enteritica<br><br>*they usu do this from surface of host cell, but can also do it from inside if they enter cell via endocytosis"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionExplain the mechanism bacteria that causes gonorrhoea uses to invade a host cell1. adhere to (using pili &amp; opa) microvilli of, and invade non-ciliated columnar epithelial cells<br>2. replicate in basement memb
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & Infection<b>Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus):</b><br>a) gram +ve/-ve?<br>b) causes what disease?<br>c) explain mechanism of how it causes infectiona) +ve diplococci<br><br>b) mainly pneumonia (but also meningitis &amp; others)<br><br>c) 1. first exposed to bacteria via droplet<br>2. interacts w host's complement proteins so it impairs its neutrophil recruitment<br>3. bacteria uses pili to bind to epithelial surface in nose<br>4. mucus degradation<br>5. bind to host cell's receptors<br>6. causes interruption to ciliary clearance
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionT/F:<br>the microbiome of the gut is distinct to that of the lungT
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::11. Bacterial Colonisation & InfectionT/F:<br>symptoms bookmark the start of infectiousnessF - some ppl don't have symptoms
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::❓Physiology::02.. BiomembranesPhospholipids can be described as&nbsp;{{c1::amphipathic}}&nbsp;bc a portion (the head) of the molecule is charged (polar) &amp; € hydrophilic, while the rest (the tail) is uncharged (non-polar) &amp; € hydrophobic
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & AbsorptionWhy are most oral drugs absorbed in the small intestine?it has ^ villi SA &amp; blood flow<br>- € not absorbed in stomach instead
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane PotentialV_m for neurons and muscles?-70mV
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">synapse where cells are&nbsp;<b>almost touching</b>. channels called&nbsp;connexons&nbsp;run thru x's, quickly allowing&nbsp;<b>ions</b>&nbsp;to move from one cell to next</span>"gap junctions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::04. Ion Distribution & Membrane Potential"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">potential diff / voltage between inside &amp; outside of cell (across cell memb) @ rest</span>"resting memb potential
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10.. Cell-cell Communication 2 - Synaptic Transmission"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">process where post-synaptic potentials integrate (add together) to determine whether or not action potential triggered (if voltage has reached threshold potential)</span>"summation
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">level of nutrient that is sufficient for majority of pop</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">reference nutritent intake (RNI)<br></span>- (type of DRV)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">amount of energy person requires</span>""<span style=""background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44); color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">estimated avg requirement (EAR)</span><br>- (type of DRV)"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::09. Nutritional Requirements"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">measure of nutritional inadequacy, if ur deficient</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI)</span><br>- type of DRV"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::вќ“Physiology::10. Physiology of Autonomic Nervous Systemseparate NS that's branch of ANS &amp; controls digestive tractenteric NS
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"What graph is used to&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">work out enzyme's affinity for its substrate (measure of how well a substrate fits the enzyme active site)?</span>"Michaelis-Menten plot
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">max reaction velocity (RoR), at which all enzymes are saturated w substrate</span>""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">V_max</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🍳 Nutrition & Metabolism::08. Enzymes"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">substrate conc at which enzyme works @ half its max rate<br>- € means that&nbsp;half of max velocity (RoR) is reached</span>""half&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"">V</span>_max&nbsp;<b>/</b> Michaelis-Menten constant"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¤’ Immunology::09. Immunology of Vaccination"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">toxoid</span>"inactivated toxin that&nbsp;retains the property of stimulating formation of antibodies
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structure"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">substructures produced by part of polypeptide that can fold independently into a compact stable conformation (structure/shape)</span>"protein domains
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧬 Genetics::08. Protein Structuresignals that direct proteins to specific organelles during protein transportprotein localisation signals
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)"<b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">In SSTI:<br></span></b>thin-walled&nbsp;sac&nbsp;filled with a&nbsp;fluid, usu clear and small<br>- aka blister<br><img alt=""Vesicles Information | Mount Sinai - New York"" src=""2046.jpg"" width=""279"">""<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">vesicle</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)"<b>In SSTI:</b><br>flat, distinct,&nbsp;discolored&nbsp;area of skin less than 1cm wide<br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">-&nbsp;doesn't involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin<br>- areas of discoloration that are ^ than or = to 1cm are referred to as patches</span><br><img alt=""Macule: Identification, Causes, and Treatments"" src=""Sunspot-1296x728-gallery_slide4.jpg"" width=""366"">"macule
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::10. Skin & Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI)"<b>In SSTI:</b><br>a&nbsp;raised area&nbsp;of skin tissue that's less than 1cm around<br>-&nbsp;can have distinct or indistinct borders, can appear in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes<br><img alt=""Skin-Colored Papules on the Chest | Federal Practitioner"" src=""fdp03511038_f.png"" width=""403""><img alt=""Papule - Wikipedia"" src=""Fibrous_papule_of_the_nose_01.jpg"" width=""328"">"papule
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Platelets"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">process whereby haemorrhage (bleeding) following vascular injury (damage to blood vessels) is stopped</span>"haemostasis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletsfibrinolysisanti-clotting cascade that&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;<b>excess thrombus doesn't form</b>, otherwise $ed blood supply may cause tissue injury
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::10. Tumour Biology"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-color: rgb(44, 44, 44);"">gene that inhibits tumour cell growth or promote apoptosis of tumour cell</span>"tumour suppressor gene
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ“Љ Medical Statistics::05. Medical Statistics IIstatistical procedure comparing observed data with a hypothesis<br>- the truth of which is being assessedsignificance tests
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerAbsolute cancer riskSize of a person's risk of developing cancer over a given time period<div>E.g. the risk of a woman getting breast cancer is 14%</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::в™‹пёЏ Oncology::01. Introduction to CancerRelative cancer riskCompares risk in two different groups of people<div>Shows how much a specific factor can increase risk</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionEndogenousFrom own body
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::03. The Language of Human NutritionExogenousFrom diet
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are Eicosanoids?"- 20 carbon fatty acids that have 4 double bonds.<div><font color=""#ff3b30"">- Polyunsaturated fatty acids</font></div><div><img src=""paste-15cbd6d3254a0d2a319ccdb865412fcd658e38f3.png""><br></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are the characteristics of a plasma cell receptor?Extracellular domain (binds chemical messenger with high affinity)<div>- Membrane spanning domain (a-helices)</div><div>- Intracellular domain (initiates signal transduction)</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are the effects caused by activation of a Plasma cell receptor?"- Rapid and immediate effects on cellular ion levels or activation/inhibition of enzymes<div>- Slower changes in rate of gene expression for a specific set of proteins</div><div><font color=""#ff3b30"">- Often signal transduction pathways can diverge to produce both effects</font></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is the action pathway of Nitric Oxide?"- Acts locally by diffusing through cell membrane (lipophilic) and activating guanylyl cyclase which converts GTP to the second messenger CGMP.<div><br></div><div>- cGMP then activates a kinase which phosphorylates target proteins to elicit the relaxation of the smooth muscle and so an inflow of blood -&gt; vasodilation</div><div><br></div><div><font color=""#ff3b30"">-Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is an intracellular enzyme that degrades cGMP</font></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction<b>G Protein Coupled Receptors:</b><div>a) structure of receptor?</div><div>b) specificity?</div><div>c) kinase activity?</div><div>d) number of subunits?</div><div>e) how many types?</div>a) Receptor has 7 membrane spanning (a helix) domains &amp; binds a G protein<div>b) Extracellular binding domain is specific</div><div>c) No kinase activity - signal is transduced through the G protein</div><div>d) G proteins are heterotrimers having a, Гџ and y subunits</div><div>e) Many different G proteins - may be stimulatory and inhibitory</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is the pathway of G protein Coupled Receptor activation?- Primary signalling molecule binds its specific receptor<div>- Upon ligand binding, associated protein changes GDP for GTP</div><div>- The activated G protein stimulates an effector molecule e.g. adenylyl cyclase</div><div>- Second messengers e.g. CAMP, are created</div><div>- Second messengers can activate downstream proteins e.g. protein kinase A</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionHow is Cyclic AMP(cAMP) formed?Activated adenylyl cyclase(AC)converts adenosine triphosphate(ATP) into cyclic adenosine monophosphate(CAMP)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhy is cAMP vital as a second messenger?- Responds to hormones.<br>- Activate diverse cell functions.<br><br>- Acts via Protein Kinase A to:<br>alter cytosolic enzyme activity.<br>modify gene expression.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal Transduction<b>Signal Amplification:</b><div>a) what molecules used?</div><div>b) how many G-proteins activated by RL complex?</div><div>c) how many Adenylyl cyclases activated by G proteins?</div><div>d) role of Adenylyl cyclases?</div><div>e) target enzyme activation process?</div><div>f) how is it stopped?</div>a) G proteins and other enzyme linked receptors use chain of other protein messengers to amplify signal as it is being relayed.<br><br><div>b) One receptor-ligand complex can activate many G-proteins</div><div><br></div><div>c) Each G protein can activate multiple adenylyl cyclases</div><div><br></div><div>d) Each adenylyl cyclase will convert multiple ATP molecules into cAMP</div><div><br></div><div>e) Each cAMP can then activate protein kinases which activate several molecules of target enzyme.</div><div><br></div><div>f) Switched off by enzymatic degradation; GTP to GDP by G proteins and of cAMP by phosphodiesterases</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionHow can disease arise from G proteins?"- Sometimes the G-protein receptor is defective and sometimes it is the associated G-protein which is defective<div><img src=""paste-00a7f11878a0ae649efbbd904b97a4305e32a0a7.png""><br></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat are the characteristics of Tyrosine Kinase receptors?"- Receptor Tyrosine Kinases are activated by growth and differentiation factors (e.g. EGF) or by metabolic regulators such as insulin.<div><font color=""#ff3b30"">- Note the tyrosine kinase receptor proteins are in their inactive monomer form</font></div><div><img src=""paste-78996f38fe49ab2640847e9f9643d1e064fa38d3.png""><font color=""#ff3b30""><br></font></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is the Tyrosine Kinase receptor activation pathway?"- The primary signalling molecules bind to tyrosine kinase receptors causing them to form a dimer<div>- The formation of the dimer activates the tyrosine kinase portion of the protein - <font color=""#ff3b30"">autophosphorylation occurs at tyrosine residues</font></div><div>- The receptor can now recognise and activate adaptor proteins</div><div>- Activated relay proteins can then pass on the signal within the cell to elicit a cellular response</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is the full MAP Kinase cascade?"<img src=""paste-f8b37e8175bd77f488eeb96ef6edc42346bc5e7b.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is a RAS molecule?- RAS is a small G-protein that is homologous to the Gsa subunit as it has GTPase activity<div>- Functions as a monomer (no Гџ or y subunit)</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat does RAS do in the MAP Kinase cascade&nbsp;and how is it activated?"- SOS protein transfers GTP to RAS causing activation<div>- The length of RAS activation depends on the rate of hydrolysis of GTP to GDP</div><div><font color=""#ff3b30""><br></font></div><div><font color=""#ff3b30"">- Mutations that lock RAS in its active state are the cause of many cancers</font></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџЌі Nutrition & Metabolism::07. Signal TransductionWhat is the full activation cycle of phospholipase C by G proteins?"- GTP-bound G protein activates effector phospholipase C<div>- Phospholipase C breaks down membrane PTI, releasing IP3 and DAG</div><div>- IP3 moves to the endoplasmic reticulum, binding to a receptor and releasing Ca2⁺</div><div>- DAG and Ca2+ activate Protein Kinase C (PKC), triggering a cascade of phosphorylation reactions.<br><div><font color=""#ff3b30""><b>DAG, IP3 and Ca2+ are all second messengers</b></font></div><div><img src=""paste-39d3c4915bf237c753ac827f7980de4c112b2fa5.png""><font color=""#ff3b30""><b><br></b></font></div></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"
Explain the&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction affecting distribution</span>"plasma protein binding<div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- 2 drugs may compete for binding to plasma protein</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ^ free conc (&amp; € pharmacological activity) of 1 or both drugs</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"
Explain the&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction affecting metabolism</span>"<div><b>- induction</b></div><div>- Stimulates specific liver enzymes (like CYP450).<br>- Increases drug metabolism rate.<br>- Leads to faster breakdown of drugs.<br>- Reduces drug effectiveness over time.<br></div><div><br></div><div>or</div><div><br></div><div><b>- inhibition</b></div><div>- Suppresses specific liver enzymes (like CYP450).<br>- Slows down drug metabolism rate.<br>- Increases drug concentration in the bloodstream.<br>- Can potentially elevate drug effects or toxicity.<br></div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug Interactions"
Explain the&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction affecting excretion</span>"- v rare<div>- excretion may be altered by pH in kidney tubule</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsList CYP450 inducers in the CRAP GPS form"<font color=""#007aff"">C</font>arbemazepine (anti-epileptic)<div><font color=""#007aff"">R</font>ifampicin (anti-TB)</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">A</font>lcohol (chronic use)</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">P</font>henytoin (anti-epileptic)</div><div><br></div><div><font color=""#007aff"">G</font>riseofulvin (anti-fungal)</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">P</font>henobarbitone (anti-epileptic)</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">s</font>ulphonylureas (oral hypoglycaemics)</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsList the CYP450 inhibitors in the SICKFACES.COMG form"<font color=""#007aff"">S</font>odium valproate<div><font color=""#007aff"">I</font>soniazid</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">C</font>imetidine</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">K</font>etoconazole</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">F</font>luconazole</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">A</font>lcohol</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">C</font>hloramphenicol</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">E</font>rythromycin</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">S</font>ulfonamides</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">•</font></div><div><font color=""#007aff"">C</font>iprofloxacin</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">O</font>meprazole</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">M</font>etronidazole</div><div><font color=""#007aff"">G</font>rapefruit juice</div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsWhat kinds of drugs can be excreted by pulmonary excretion?- Only volatile compounds (&lt;1% of drugs) in blood can be partly removed from blood by exhalation from the airways e.g:<div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- Alcohol (but mainly in liver)</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp;- Inhaled general anaesthetics</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsWhat kinds of drugs can be excreted via faecal excretion?"Large hepatic metabolites <font color=""#ff3b30"">(&gt;500Da)</font> and glucuronide conjugates (&lt;10% of drugs) may undergo biliary excretion from the gall-bladder into the gut, with faecal excretion.<div><img src=""paste-74cce5a078d25839e1cf10d8560dff4fa300f8a1.png""><br></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsWhat kinds of drugs are excreted via renal excretion?Water-soluble drugs (25%) or small metabolites (&lt;500Da) are excreted in the urine
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic Inflammation<b>Prostaglandins:</b><div>a) produced by?</div><div>b) role?</div>a) - mast cells<div>&nbsp; &nbsp; - leucocytes</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; - endothelial cells</div><div>b) - vasodilation</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; - increased vascular permeability</div><div>&nbsp; &nbsp; - pain or fever</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationWhat is the role of leukotrienes?Neutrophil chemotaxis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::07. Mechanisms of Acute & Chronic InflammationWhat happens during maturation of granulation tissue?"- inflammatory cells leave<div>- increase in collagen</div><div>- new blood supplies</div><div><br></div><div><font color=""#ff3b30"">Results in dense fibrous tissue</font></div>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::💊 Pharmacology::💉Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"How do <font color=""#ff3b30"">enteral formations</font> work?""<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Enteral formulations</span></b><br>- go by the gut, i.e. oral<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>tablets</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- contains&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">enteric coating</span>&nbsp;(ec) - waxy coating that prevents disintegration until passage thru stomach into intestine<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- exhibits&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">sustained/extended/modified release</span>&nbsp;(SR, ER, MR) - structural mechanism of tablet to slow down release of drug<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;- usu to decrease how many times per day u need to take tablet (<b>freq of dosing</b>), € better&nbsp;<b>patient adherence</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- tablet may be big, but actual amount of drug inside is v small - most of the tablet is j a vehicle to transport the drug<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>capsules</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- gelatinous envelope<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- controllable disintegration speed<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- slow- and fast- dissolving particles<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>liquid/syrup</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- possibly faster absorption (bc already in solution)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- can contain sugar or be sugar free<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- usu paediatric (bc kids don't like swallowing tablets)<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>suppository (rectal)</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- torpedo-shaped<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- used for vomiting patients"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"How do <font color=""#ff3b30"">parenteral formulations</font> work?""
<b><span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">Parenteral formulations</span></b><br>- not by the gut, i.e. injectable<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>liquid</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may be in vials, ampoules, cartridges, pre-filled syringes<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- may need diluting (e.g. in IV bag)<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>lyophilized</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- i.e. freeze-dried<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- produces dry powder<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- needs reconstituting w sterile liquid"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::05. Administration & Absorption"How do <font color=""#ff3b30"">topical formulations</font> work?""
<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);""><b>Topical formulations</b></span><br>- i.e. on body surface<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>cutaneous&nbsp;</b>(on skin surface)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- cream - mixture of oil/water<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- ointment - more oily, reduces water loss<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- gel - liquefies on contact w skin<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- paste - powder suspended in a cream<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- patches -&nbsp;pads w adhesive back applied to skin, enters bloodstream &amp; € acts elsewhere on body<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>inhaled</b>&nbsp;(lower airways)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- inhalers<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- nebulisers<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- not an oral drug bc u don't swallow it<br>- e.g.&nbsp;<b>others</b><br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- eye-drops<br>&nbsp; &nbsp;- nasal sprays"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ’Љ Pharmacology::рџ’‰Pharmacokinetics::07. Excretion & Drug InteractionsExplain the process of renal filtration"
1. unbound drug&nbsp;<b>filtered</b>&nbsp;@&nbsp;<span style=""color: rgb(252, 1, 7);"">glomerulus</span><br>2. lipophilic drugs are&nbsp;<b>reabsorbed</b>&nbsp;into&nbsp;<b>blood&nbsp;</b>(can't stay in urine/kidney bc wants to be absorbed in lipids, not water)<br>3. some drugs can be actively&nbsp;<b>secreted</b>&nbsp;into urine<br>4. water-soluble drugs are&nbsp;<b>excreted</b>&nbsp;into&nbsp;<b>urine</b><br><img src=""Screenshot 2022-11-18 at 15.59.15.png"" width=""265""><br><br>&nbsp;&amp; drug metabolites"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is the first step of history taking?"<p><b>Introduction</b></p>
<p>- Hello my name is… I am a 1st year medical student</p><p>- Can I confirm your name and DOB please?</p><p>- What would you prefer to be called?<br></p>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is the second step of history taking?"<p><b>Open Question</b></p>
<p>- How can I help you today?</p><p>If the patient stays quiet then try asking her, ""Tell me a bit more about that?""</p>
<p><font color=""#ff453a"">- Golden minute aka Pause</font></p>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is the third step of history taking?"<p><b>Nature of the symptom</b></p>
<p>- Describe the symptom</p>
<p>- Severity of the symptom</p>
<p>- <font color=""#ff453a"">Pain?</font></p>
<p>- Site?</p>
<p>- Radiation</p>
<p>- Character (sharp, constant etc)</p>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is the fourth step of history taking?"<p> </p>
<p><b>Chronology Factors</b></p>
<p>- When did it start?</p>
<p>- Was it constant/intermittent (over long time)</p>
<p>- What makes it worse or better?</p>
<p>- Happened before?</p><p><b><font color=""#ff453a"">- Are there any associated symptoms?</font></b></p>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeHow do you ask a patient for their perspective?"<p><b>Ideas</b></p>
<p>- Have you had any thoughts about what might be causing your symptoms?</p><p><br></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Concerns</b></p>
<p>- Is there anything that you are worried about?</p><p><br></p>
<p> </p>
<p><b>Expectations</b></p>
<p>- What did you want to get out of this consultation?</p>
<p>- Was there anything you were hoping I’d suggest for you today?</p>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"What is the name for the <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">manufacture</span> of red blood cells?"Erythropoeisis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsHow is erythropoiesis regulated?"- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Erythropoietin</span> stimulates bone marrow for RBC manufacture<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Oxygen sensing</span> by kidneys<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Oxygen rise = less EPO</span>, prevents excess RBCs<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Presence of nutrients (B12, folic acid, iron) and cytokines</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is important about the shape of RBCs?"- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Flexible</span> so can go through microcirculation<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">BC disc</span> so has large SA<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">No nucleus</span> means more Hb synthesis"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is important about the membrane of RBCs?"- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Lipid layer</span> provides structure, flexibility and substance control<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Proteins</span> aid cell signalling, interactions, transport and structure<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Carbohydrates</span> decide blood group, cell interactions and helps with immunity"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat is haemoglobin in RBCs?"- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Haem</span> group, synthesised in mitochondria of RBC<br>- <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Globin</span> protein synthesised in ribosome"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"How are anaemias classified using <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">size of RBC</span>?"Microcytic<br>- smaller than average<br>- iron deficiency (cell has pale colour as there is less Hb)<br><br>Normocytic<br>- normal size<br>- anaemia caused by bleeding or renal disease<br><br>Macrocytic<br>- bigger than average<br>- caused by folate and B12 deficiency
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCs"How are anaemias classified using the <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">journey of RBCs</span>?"Central<br>- problem related to bone marrow that cannot produce the RBC<br><br>Peripheral<br>- RBC produced but destroyed<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - targeted by antibody<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - fragile due to disorder (membrane, metabolism, Hb)<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - turbulent blood flow<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - trapped in spleen<br>&nbsp; &nbsp; - bleeding
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsThalassemiashaemoglobin disorder relating to <b>quantity of Hb</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCshaemoglobinopathyhaemoglobin disorder where the main problem is the <b>quality of haemoglobin</b>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCswhat is the role of myeloid cells?"involved with <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">innate</span> immune response"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCswhat is the role of lymphoid cells?"involved with <span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">adaptive</span> immune response"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsImportance of surface proteins for white blood cells"proteins with specific roles act as identity card for white cells<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">especially important in adaptive response</span>"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::рџ©ёHaematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsNeutrophils:<br>a) number in blood?<br>b) role?<br>c) visual characteristics?a) 1.8 - 7.5 x 10⁹ /L<br>b) innate immune response<br>c) pink-blue granules, nucleus with 3-5 lobes
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::рџ©ёHaematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsLymphocytes:<br>a) number in blood?<br>b) role?<br>c) visual characteristics?a) 1.5 - 3.5 x 10⁹ /L<br>b) adaptive immune response + hypersensitivity reactions<br>c) small round cell round nucleus
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::рџ©ёHaematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsMonocytes:<br>a) number in blood?<br>b) role?<br>c) visual characteristics?a) 0.2 - 0.8 x 10⁹ /L<br>b) innate immune response<br>c) 1 indented nucleus, light blue granules, vacuoles
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::рџ©ёHaematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsEosinophils:<br>a) number in blood?<br>b) role?<br>c) visual characteristics?a) 0.04 - 0.4 x 10⁹ /L<br>b) innate immune response + allergic response + tissue repair<br>c) red granules
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::рџ©ёHaematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsBasophils:<br>a) number in blood?<br>b) role?<br>c) visual characteristics?a) 0.01 - 0.1 x 10⁹ /L<br>b) innate immune response + allergic response<br>c) dense purple granules
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::2. Intro to RBCs & WBCsWhat are the reactions of white cells to different stimuli?<br>a) Neutrophils<br>b) Lymphocytes<br>c) Monocytes<br>d) Eosinphils<br>e) Basophils"<img src=""Screenshot 2023-12-20 at 00.38.07.png"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeSystemic QuestionsQuestions such as how are you feeling:<br><ul><li>If you have a fever?</li><li>Are you tired?</li><li>Have you travelled?</li></ul><br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsHow do platelets contribute to the formation of a clot?- form initial platelet plug<br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsHow platelets form the initial plug?- Adhesion: platelets attach to endothelium and activate<br>- Aggregation: platelets attach to each other<br>- Degranulation: platelets release granule contents
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsDescribe the structure of a platelet"<b><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Membrane:</span></b><br>Contains lipid bilayer crucial for coagulation factor activation. Surface glycoproteins facilitate:<br>- Adhesion of platelets to vessels (requires vWF)<br>- Aggregation between platelets (requires vWF and fibrinogen)<br>- Identification of platelets (e.g., ABO group)<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);""><b>Cytoplasm:<br></b></span>No nucleus, includes:<br>- Enzymes like COX for degranulation<br>- Granules (dense, alpha, lysosomes) that, upon release, amplify the pro-coagulant response by:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt; Enhancing platelet activation, adhesion, and aggregation (for stable plug)<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt; Promoting vessel vasoconstriction<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; -&gt; Stimulating the coagulation cascade."
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletsthrombocytopenialow platelet clount
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletslow platelet countthrombocytopenia
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsWhat are the primary categories for platelet-related issues based on their origin?Central Causes:<br>- Acquired: Bone marrow disorders (e.g., myelodysplasia)<br>- Congenital: Inherited issues (low platelets/abnormal function)<br><br>Peripheral Causes:<br>- Destroyed: Antibody-related (e.g., immune thrombocytopenia)<br>- Consumed: During clotting (e.g., thrombotic thrombocytopenia)<br>- Sequestrated: Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)<br>- Lost: (e.g., bleeding patients)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsWhat happens within the vessel wall when there's an injury, and how does it contribute to the clotting process?Vessel Wall (Endothelium):<br>- Function: Separates subendothelium from circulating blood.<br><br>- Injury Response:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Vessel Contraction: Reduces blood loss (vasoconstriction).<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Exposed Subendothelium: Contains:<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Collagen &amp; von Willebrand Factor: Induces platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation.<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; - Tissue Factor: Triggers coagulation cascade via the extrinsic pathway.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletswhere are coagulation factors produced?Liver
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletswhat is the role of vitamin k?Necessary for the synthesis of specific factors (II, VII, IX, X) and natural anticoagulants (protein C and S)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsIn what form do factors circulate in the blood?Inactive state in blood
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletswhat triggers the initiation of the coagulation cascade in response to injury?<div><strong>Injury Response:</strong></div>- Tissue factor (TF) exposure initiates the coagulation cascade.<br>- Cascade reactions activate coagulation factors, leading to a stable clot formation<br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & Plateletswhat elements are essential for the coagulation cascade to occur on the surface of platelets?<div><strong>Process Details:</strong></div>- Cascade occurs on platelet surfaces, needing phospholipids for activation.<br>- Calcium is essential for the coagulation cascade<br>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::5. Intro to Plasma & PlateletsHow does the body prevent an excess of thrombosis?Coagulation inhibitors<br>- TFPI (tissue factor pathway inactivator)<br>- Antithrombin<br>- Protein C (+ protein S, co-factor of protein C) - vitamin K dependent<br><br>Fibrinolysis<br>- Fibrin destruction (lysis)<br>- Mainly dependent on tissue plasminogen activator (PA), released by endothelial cells<br>- Further enhanced by protein C
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat is our blood made up from?Blood cells<br>- red blood cells<br>- white blood cells<br>- platelets<br><br>Plasma<br>- coagulation factors<br>- serum (contains antibodies)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat makes up the standard ABO blood group system"<img src=""Screenshot 2024-01-08 at 18.45.39.png"" width=""1164"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat are the non-ABO blood group systems?"<span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Rh system</span><br>- D antigen (RhD pos) or no D antigen (RhD neg)<br>- C or c antigen<br>- E and e antigen<br><br><span style=""color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"">Kell</span><br>- K antigen<br>- k antigen"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat are autoantibodies?antibody produced by self, targets own antigen<br>&nbsp;<br>e.g. patient is RhD positive and has an anti-RhD antibody) ‹ patient destroys own blood cells = autoimmune haemolysis
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat is an alloantibody?antibody produced by self, targets foreign antigen<br><br>(i.e. against an antigen the patient doesn't have)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat is a Group and Screen test?A type of blood test<br><br><b>Blood groups:</b><br>- Standard:&nbsp;Identifies ABO and RhD blood groups.<br>- Extended:&nbsp;Includes ABO, Rh, Kell, etc., if antibodies are present.<br><br><b>Screening:</b><br>Checks for significant antibodies.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineWhat is a Cross Match?<b>Matching Process:<br></b>Using G&amp;S, Matches recipient's profile to donor red cells based on:<br>- ABO<br>- RhD<br>- Alloantibodies<br>- Special requirements<br><br><b>Cross Matching:</b><br>- Electronic Issue: Computer matches compatible units without further testing (commonly used).<br>- Serological Crossmatch: Patient's plasma tested against donor red cells (used in antibody presence or high-risk situations)
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🔬Pathology::🩸Haematology::06. Transfusion medicineHow is safe blood provided?- Unpaid volunteer donors encouraged for regular donations.<br>- Completion of medical/lifestyle questionnaires to protect donor and recipient, reduce infection risk.<br>- Mandatory infection screens for all donations.<br>- Measures to minimize disease risk.<br>- ABO RhD typing and screening for relevant antibodies.<br>- Strong regulations ensure safe transfusion practices.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is in stage 2 of history taking?<h3>Past medical history (PM)</h3><div>- do you have any other medical conditions?</div><h3>Drug History (DH)</h3><div>- are you currently taking any other medication?</div><div>- what dosage and how often do you take it?</div><div>- do you have any allergies?</div><div><br></div><div><b>Family History (FH)</b></div><div><b><br></b></div><div>- are there any conditions that are prevalent in your family?</div><div><br></div><div><b>Social History (SH)</b><br></div><div><br></div><div>- do you smoke or drink?</div><div>- do you use any recreational drugs?</div><div>- do you drive?</div>
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-1Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-1-Q.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-1-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-2Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-2-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-2-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-3Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-3-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-3-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-4Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-4-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-4-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-5Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-5-Q.svg"" />""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-5-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"" />"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-6Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-6-Q.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-6-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::рџ¦ Infection::05. Infection & Superbugse76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-7Compare gram +ve and -ve bacteria"<img src=""tmptzwnobg0.jpg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-7-Q.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-7-A.svg"">""<img src=""e76e7999f19d40dd83ca04e972e348e6-ao-O.svg"">"
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicewhat are the general principles of examination for bone?- Expose structure<br>- Assess deformity and tenderness<br>- Assess any altered temperature
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicewhat are the general principles of examination for jointsSwelling <br>- Determine if within or adjacent to the joint<br>- Causes include effusions, synovial thickening (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) and bony deformity. <br><br>Deformity&nbsp;<br>- Results either from misalignment of the bones forming the joint or from alteration of the relationship between the articular ­surfaces<br>- Valgus deformity – deviation of part distal to the joint away from the midline<br>- Varus deformity – deviation of part distal to the joint towards the midline<br>- Subluxation – partial loss of contact of the articulatory surfaces<br>- Dislocation – complete loss of contact of the articulatory surfaces<br><br>Skin changes<br>- Redness of the skin over a joint implies an underlying acute inflammatory process (e.g. gout or septic arthritis)<br><br>Changes of adjacent structure <br>- The most striking change adjacent to a diseased joint is muscle wasting
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicehow is palpation of a joint carried out?During palpation of a joint, assess the nature of any swelling, whether there is tenderness, and whether the joint is hot<br><br>Swelling<br>- Is the swelling: <br>• Hard? – suggesting bone deformities secondary to osteoarthritis<br>• Spongy? – suggesting synovial thickening, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis<br>• Fluctuant? – an effusion can be displaced from one part of the joint to another<br><br>Tenderness <br>- Determine whether any tenderness is focal or diffuse. In an acutely inflamed joint, the whole of the contour is tender. If there is derangement of a single knee cartilage, tenderness is confined to the cartilage margin. <br><br>Temperature <br>- For a small joint, assess temperature with the fingertips<br>- For a larger joint, e.g. the knee, rub the back of your hand across the joint then compare it with its fellow.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicehow do you test movements of a joint?• To define the range of joint movement, start with the joint in the neutral position: <br>– the lower limbs extended with the feet dorsiflexed to 90<br>– the upper limbs midway between pronation and supination with the arms flexed to 90° at the elbows<br><br>• Active joint movement is that initiated by the patient<br>• Passive joint movement is that induced by the examiner<br>• From the neutral position, record the degrees of flexion and extension<br>• If extension does not normally occur at a joint (e.g. the knee) but is present, describe the movement as hyperextension and give its range in degrees<br>• Restricted movement, say of knee extension, is recorded as X° flexion deformity or as X° lack of extension<br>• For a ball-and-socket joint, record flexion, extension, abduction, and internal and external rotation.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicehow does inspection of a muscle take place?Wasting <br>If not due to adjacent joint disease, or a global loss of body weight, wasting reflects either primary muscle disease or disease of its innervating neuron.<br><br>Increased muscle bulk<br>- Rare&nbsp;<br>• True hypertrophy – seen in some forms of congenital myotonia. <br>• Pseudohypertrophy – due to fatty infiltration. The muscle is actually weak. Seen in some forms of muscular dystrophy (e.g. Duchenne’s).<br><br>Spontaneous muscle contractions<br>Seen in both upper and lower motor neuron disorders. <br>• Flexor or extensor spasms – typically affecting the hips, knees or both. Seen with spinal disorders, e.g. multiple sclerosis. <br>• Fasciculation – episodic twitching due to contraction of muscle fibres supplied by a single motor unit. It is seen with motor neuron disease but can also occur in normal individuals.
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in Practicewhat should be done instead of palpation for muscles?look for tenderness
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat are the two main types of chronic pain?Chronic primary pain and chronic secondary pain
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat is chronic primary pain characterized by?Chronic primary pain lacks a clear underlying cause or has a disproportionate impact compared to observable injury or disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat factors should be considered in a person-centered assessment of chronic pain?Factors contributing to pain and its impact, including lifestyle, psychological well-being, social interactions, and employment
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhen should a diagnosis of chronic primary pain be considered?Consider chronic primary pain when there's no clear underlying cause or when the pain's impact is out of proportion to any identifiable injury or disease
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat should healthcare professionals do when communicating normal or negative test results to someone with chronic pain?Be sensitive to the risk of invalidating the person's experience of chronic pain
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat should be discussed when developing a care and support plan for someone with chronic pain?Priorities, abilities, goals, preferred treatment approach, and the balance of treatments for multiple conditions
Southampton Medicine::Year 1::Foundations of Medicine::🧑🏿‍⚕️ Medicine in PracticeWhat should healthcare professionals do if a person presents with a change in symptoms, such as a flare-up of chronic pain?Offer reassessment and review the care and support plan, considering investigating and managing any new symptoms