C O MPL E TE G E O G R APH Y F O R C AMB R I D G E I G C SE ® & O L E V EL
Exam-style questions
Chapter 1: Population
Question 1
(a)Fig. 1.1 is a diagram showing the structure of the population of Gaborone, the
capital of Botswana.
Age
85+
80 – 84
75 – 79
Percentage of total males
Percentage of total females
70 – 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
0–4
20%
15%
10%
5%
0
0
5%
10%
15%
20%
Source: Statistics Botswana 2014
Fig. 1.1
(i) Name the type of diagram shown in Fig. 1.1.
[1]
(ii)Identify the largest age group in the population of Gaborone in 2011 and
calculate its percentage share of the total population. (Note that total
males and total females are 100% each, so divide your calculation by 2.)
[2]
(iii) Describe the main features of the structure of Gaborone’s population.
[3]
(iv) Suggest reasons for the structure of Gaborone’s population.
[4]
1
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Chapter 1 Exam-style questions
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(b) Fig. 1.2 is a map that shows variations in population density in South America.
Barranquilla
Caracas
Cartagena Maracaibo
Maracay
Valencia
Bucaramanga
Medellín
Bogotá
Cali
Equator
Belém
Quito
0°
São Luis
Manaus
Guayaquil
Fortaleza
Natal
João Pessoa
Recife
Maceio
Lima
Salvador
La Paz
Brásília
Goiânia
Cochabamba
Santa Cruz
Belo Horizonte
Population density
Major cities
people per square kilometre
population in millions
over 200
100–200
10–100
Vitoria
pricorn
Tropic of Ca
Asunción
over 3
Campinas
São Paulo
Curitiba
Joinville
Florianópolis
1–3
1–10
0.5–1
under 1
0.1–0.5
Rio de
Janeiro
Porto Alegre
Córdoba
Valparaíso
Santiago
Rosario
Buenos Aires
Montevideo
Fig. 1.2
(i)Describe the distribution of cities with over 3 million inhabitants in
South America.
[3]
(ii)Suggest reasons for the areas of lowest population densities
shown on Fig. 1.2.
[5]
(c)For a named densely populated area or country you have studied, describe
variations in population density within the area or country and explain the
factors which have influenced its areas of high population density.
[Total: 25]
2
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[7]
Chapter 1 Exam-style questions
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Question 2
(a) Fig. 1.3 shows information about immigration into the UK between 1991 and 2016.
People (thousand)
750
People (thousand)
750
500
500
250
250
0
0
–250
–250
–500
–500
1995
2000
Net
2005
Immigrants
2010
2015
Emigrants
Fig. 1.3
(i) Give the number of immigrants to the UK in 2008.
[1]
(ii) Using data from Fig. 1.3, explain net migration.[2]
(iii) Describe the trend in net migration between 1991 and 2016 in the UK.
[3]
(iv)Suggest the impacts the migration shown in Fig. 1.3 will be likely
to have on the UK in the future.
[4]
3
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Chapter 1 Exam-style questions
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C AMB
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CO
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(b)Fig. 1.4 shows the countries of birth of people living in the UK, April 2007
to March 2008.
United Kingdom
200 000 +
100 000 — 199 000
50 000 — 99 999
21 000 — 49 999
Less than 21 000
Fig. 1.4
(i)Describe the locations of the three areas in which more than 200 000
migrants living in the UK in March 2009 were born.
[3]
(ii)Suggest reasons why so many migrated from the countries
in which more than 100 000 migrants living in the UK were born.
[5]
(c)For an international migration you have studied, name the country
and countries of origin of its migrants and assess the extent to which
the impacts of the immigration were positive.
[7]
[Total: 25]
4
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Chapter 1 Exam-style questions
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Question 3
(a)Fig. 1.5 shows the average annual world population increase for each ten-year
period since 1750 and the actual growth of the total population of the world. (Values
for the period from the present day to 2050 are estimated.)
Millions
100
Billions
10
Population
increase
8
60
6
40
4
20
Total world
population
2
50
20
00
20
19
50
00
19
18
00
18
50
0
50
0
17
Population size
Annual increase
80
Source: United Nations Population Division
Fig. 1.5
(i)Give the ten-year period which had the greatest annual population
increase and estimate the annual increase during that period.
[2]
(ii)Give the approximate actual total population of the world in the
middle of the decade you have chosen for your answer to (i).
[1]
(iii)Describe the trends in average annual population increase
per decade shown on the graph.
[3]
(iv)Calculate the expected growth in the total population of the world
from 1980 to 2050.
[1]
(b)Suggest one reason why the total world population is expected
to continue to increase to 2050 while the annual average increase
in population is reducing.
[Total: 8]
5
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[1]
Chapter 1 Exam-style questions
CO
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C AMB
C SE
CO
MPL
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E OE O
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R APH
Y YF OF O
R RC AMB
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® & O L E VVEL
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Question 4
(a)Fig. 1.6 shows the percentages of children, adults and elderly in the populations of
several countries and the world average.
0
90
10
Increasing
level of
economic
development
80
20
70
30
60
EN
40
60
HIL
50
DR
TS
UL
AD
50
%C
%
40
KENYA
30
70
MEXICO
WORLD
20
80
USA
JAPAN
10
90
UK
0
FRANCE
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
% ELDERLY
Fig. 1.6
(i) Complete the table using information from Fig. 1.6.
Children (%)
Adults (%)
Elderly (%)
[3]
World population
(ii)Identify a country with lower levels of economic development
than the world average.
[1]
(iii)Identify a country with a higher percentage of young dependents
than the world average.
[1]
(iv) Calculate the dependency ratio of France. Show your working.
[2]
(b) Name the type of diagram shown in Fig. 1.6.
[Total: 8]
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