CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
(Intro about the chapter)
This chapter will include description of the research design, research
locale and participants, research instrument and the data gathering procedure
and data analysis that will utilize in the study. Additionally, trustworthiness of the
study and ethical consideration will be discussed and provided.
Research Design
Description of the design (cite author)
The study is a qualitative type of research. It is a type of research that
describe the population, situation, or phenomenon that is being studied. This
research is more concerned with what rather than how or why something has
happened. Therefore, observation and survey tools are often used to gather
data (Gall, Gall & Borg, 2007).
Reason why employ the said design
The researchers choose qualitative type of study for it provide narrativesa rich data and in-depth information that is detailed and widely applicable to
answer the research question about the perspective of Nurses when dealing with
culturally diverse patient.
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Research Locale and Participants
Describe the location where the study will be conducted
The research will be conducted at Kidapawan City and the participants are
the Nurses from different health institutions in North Cotabato.
Describe who will be your respondents/participants
The participants of the study will be selected according to the
following criteria:
a.) Nurses that are currently working on an health institutions/hospitals,
b.) and has willingness to participate in the study
how you will select them (sampling)
The participant of the study will be determined with the use of purposeful
sampling technique or also known as purposive and selective sampling.
According to Statistic Solution (2021), purposeful sampling is a sampling
technique that qualitative researcher use to recruit participants who can provide
in-depth and detailed information about the phenomenon under investigation.
Research Instrument
Describe your research instrument
Quali- interview guide questions
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Quanti-survey questionnaire
In gathering data, the researchers will utilize an interview guide
questionnaire as instrument to collect in-depth information for the study. The
interview questions are open ended. The questions will compose of three (3)
main questions and probing questions. Main question is to the answer the
research questions and probing questions are to ask for more details and often a
follow-up question to help clarify a point or to understand the point of the
participants.
Data Gathering Procedure
Enumerate and describe the steps on how you will gather data
The researcher will be guided by the following guidelines in conducting the
data gathering:
Asking permission to conduct a study. The researchers will formulate an
informed consent duly noted by their research adviser and will be sent to the
prospective participants to inform them about the study and ask for the
participants coordination.
Conduct of Interview. A proper setting will be chosen for the conduct of the
interview. The purpose of the interview will be fully explained and the researcher
will fully assur the confidentiality of their responses. Due to COVID-19 pandemic
the interview will be done using Google platforms to follow the COVID-19
protocols disallowing face-face meetings. The online survey interview will provide
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guide questions to allow the participants the degree of freedom and adaptability
to answer the online interview.
Data Analysis
Enumerate and discuss how you will analyze the data
Thematic analysis (quali) steps…
The data that will gather through the online interview and will undergo
analysis and interpretation using thematic analysis. The narrative analysis will be
guided by the frequency of dominant terms and this terms will be coded and will
interpret accordingly. Words, phrases that appeared to be similar will be grouped
into the same category. These categories will be gradually evaluated to
determine how they’re link.
Trustworthiness of the Study (for quali only)
Research about CREDIBILITY, CONFIRMABILITY, TRANSFERABILITY AND
DEPENDABILITY (give definition by citing author and then in the next
paragraph discuss how you will apply it in your study)
In constructing a qualitative study project, there are several elements to
the design that can be included to improve whole feature or trustworthiness
(Baxter & Jack 2008). Also, to make sure that sufficient detail will be kept. In this
study, researchers will make certain that the case study research question will be
clearly written, and the questions will be validated and appropriate for the
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research
question,
data
will
be
gathered,
completed,
and
evaluated
systematically (Baxter & Jack, 2008).
Credibility, according to Dzakiria (2006 ) referred to the conscious effort to
established confidence in an accurate understanding of the significance of the
data or the setting in a believable way. Researchers will address credibility in this
study through building and ensuring that the research interview questions will be
validated. In particular, interview questions will be validated by the research
adviser.
Transferability is the point to which the results can apply or convey beyond
the boundaries of the study (Gomm, Hammersley & Foster, 2000). In this study,
transferability was established through the audit trial. In fact, all answers from the
online interview will be kept. Likewise, researchers ensured that all transcripts
were properly coded for easy transferability of information.
Dependability is within the main issue that in which the study performed
consistency across time (Gasson, 2004).In this study, this was address through
ensuring that the data will be gather through online interview will be reviewed and
validated by pool of experts for the other researchers’ bases in their studies.
Likewise, researchers consulted varied sources of literatures to support the
discussion.
Conformability research represented the situation being researched
(Bailey, 2013).This was addressed through presenting answers from online
survey to the participants after the conduct of the interview and their response to
the informed consent will use for the verification.
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Ethical Considerations
Discuss about Informed consent · Voluntary participation; Do no harm ·
Confidentiality; Anonymity; and discuss how you will apply this in your
study)
Informed Consent. Informed consent is one of the founding principles of
research ethics. Its intent is that human participants can enter research freely
(voluntarily) with full information about what it means for them to take part, and
that they give consent before they enter the research (University of Oxford,
2021).
In this study, an informed consent will be given to the respondents to
ensure their confidentiality and to secure the information they request not to
expose. Their participation will be obtained after, and they will guarantee that the
information collected from them will handle with the strictest confidence. This will
be carried out to promote trust within the researcher and the participants.
REFERENCES
6
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Wilkins.
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cultural
competence:
A
practical framework
for
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Bailey, K., Pemberton, J., & Frankfurter, C. (2013). Understanding academic
clinicians’ varying attitudes toward the treatment of childhood obesity in
Canada:
A
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qualitative
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Cross TL, et al. Towards a culturally competent system of care: a monograph on
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APPENDICES
Informed Consent
INFORMED CONSENT STATEMENT
Introduction
This study is entitled “CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN PATIENT CARE: THE
PERSPECTIVE OF NURSES”.
Purpose
This study is in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the program:
Bachelor of Science in Nursing.
Process
The focal point of this study is the perception of the Medical practitioners
specifically the nurses in dealing with patients who have different cultures or
norms. The main participants are nurses who are experienced patients with
various cultures inside the hospitals during their time of duty.
Participant Confidentiality
Any data collected for the study like your personal details and opinions will
be strictly held with utmost confidentiality. This will not be used for any purposes
other than this study.
Cancellation of Consent and Authorization
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The participation in this study is voluntary. You may inform the researcher
if you wish not to participate or to answer the survey questionnaire.
Participant Certification
I have read and had the opportunity to ask questions on the kind of data
asked from me. I am granting my permission to utilize my answers as part of the
data to be used in this research.
ACCEPTED AND AGREED
Signature:____________________ Date:_______________
Printed Name: ________________________________________
Contact Number:_____________________________
Address: ______________________________________________
Interviewed by: _________________________________________________
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Research Instrument
Interview Question Guide
Interview Questions
Research Objectives



determine
the
practices of nurses in
dealing with culturally
diverse patients;
find
out
the
challenges
encountered
by
nurses in dealing
with culturally diverse
patients; and
find out how nurses
cope
with
the
challenges
they
encountered
in
dealing with culturally
diverse patients.
Main Question
1. How do you deal
with
culturally
diverse patients?
2. What are the
challenges
you
encounter when
dealing
with
culturally diverse
patient?
3. What are your
ways on coping
with
the
challenges
in
dealing
with
culturally diverse
patients?
Probing Question
1. If you have patients
whom you notice have
different culture than
the majority, what do
you usually do?
2. If
you
have
miscommunication with
the patients, what do
you usually do?
3. If patient care is
affected with the culture
of your patient, what do
you do?
4. Can you cite instances
when you deal with
patients of different
culture?
5. What resources have
you proved helpful in
caring cultural diverse
patient?
6. What problems have
you encountered in
patient care?
7. How do you deal with
these problems?
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