Intermolecular Forces (Chapter 12)
Solids, Liquids, Gases
●​ Density affects freedom of movement, this is why liquids take up the shape of their containers
and why gasses can be compressed easily, whereas liquids cannot.
○​ Solid (definite shape, definite volume), liquid (indefinite shape, definite volume), gas
(indefinite shape, indefinite volume)
●​ Solids can be either crystalline (composing atoms or molecules are arranged in a well ordered
three-dimensional order) or amorphous
●​ Changes between states
○​ Solids have most IMF (keeping the molecules close together), while gasses have less (the
molecules are more spread out)
Intermolecular Forces
●​ Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that hold condensed states together
○​ At room temperature:
■​ Strong IMF forces tend to result in solids and liquids
■​ Weak IMF forces tend to result in gasses
●​ Dispersion Force
○​ Present in all molecules and atoms
○​ Result of electron presence/distribution
○​ Factors that affect dispersion force
■​ Molar mass
■​ Surface area and molecular shape