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H
GCSE
PHYSICS
Higher Tier
Paper 2
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler
• a scientific calculator
• a protractor
• the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed).
Question
Mark
1
2
3
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Pencil should only be used for drawing.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
• Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to
be marked.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
0 1
Figure 1 shows an electric super-car.
Figure 1
0 1 . 1
The battery in an electric car needs to be recharged.
Suggest two factors that affect the distance an electric car can travel before the
battery needs to be recharged.
[2 marks]
1
2
*02*
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Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.2 and 01.3.
0 1 . 2
Write down the equation which links acceleration (a), change in velocity (Δv) and time
taken (t).
[1 mark]
0 1 . 3
The maximum acceleration of the car is 20 m/s2.
Calculate the time taken for the speed of the car to change from 0 m/s to 28 m/s at its
maximum acceleration.
[3 marks]
Time taken =
s
Question 1 continues on the next page
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0 1 . 4
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In a trial run, the car accelerates at 10 m/s until it reaches its final velocity.
2
distance travelled by the car = 605 m
initial velocity of the car = 0 m/s
Calculate the final velocity of the car.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[3 marks]
Final velocity =
*04*
m/s
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Use the Physics Equations Sheet to answer questions 01.5 and 01.6.
0 1 . 5
Write down the equation which links distance (s), force (F) and work done (W).
[1 mark]
0 1 . 6
When travelling at its maximum speed the air resistance acting on the car is 4000 N.
Calculate the work done against air resistance when the car travels a distance of
7.5 km at its maximum speed.
[3 marks]
Work done =
J
Turn over for the next question
*05*
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6
0 2
A student used a ray box to shine a ray of light through air into a glass block.
The student investigated how the angle of refraction varied with the angle of
incidence.
Table 1 shows the results.
Table 1
0 2 . 1
Angle of incidence in degrees
Angle of refraction in degrees
10
5
20
10
30
14
40
19
50
23
60
26
70
28
80
29
Describe a method the student could have used to obtain the results in Table 1.
Your answer may include a labelled diagram.
*06*
[6 marks]
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0 2 . 2
Figure 2 is an incomplete graph of the results.
Figure 2
Complete Figure 2 using data from Table 1.
• Label the axes.
• Plot the remaining data.
• Draw a line of best fit.
[4 marks]
Question 2 continues on the next page
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0 2 . 3
Complete the ray diagram in Figure 3 to show the reflection of light from the surface
of a plane mirror.
You should:
• draw the normal line
• draw the reflected ray.
[2 marks]
Figure 3
*08*
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0 2 . 4
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Two students investigated the reflection of light by a plane mirror.
Figure 4 shows the different equipment the students used.
Figure 4
Explain two ways that Method A is better than Method B.
[4 marks]
1
2
16
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*09*
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0 3
Speed limits on roads increase safety.
0 3 . 1
The braking distance of a car increases as the speed of the car increases.
Give two other factors that increase the braking distance of a car.
[2 marks]
1
2
0 3 . 2
*10*
Explain why the driver’s reaction time affects the thinking distance of a car.
[2 marks]
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0 3 . 3
Scientists have investigated how drinking alcohol affects a person’s reaction time.
Figure 5 shows the results of the investigation.
Figure 5
Which of the following conclusions can be made using Figure 5?
Tick () two boxes.
[2 marks]
Every person’s reaction time increases after drinking alcohol.
Mean reaction time increases after drinking alcohol.
Some people’s reaction time is not affected by drinking alcohol.
The change in reaction time is not the same for all people after
drinking alcohol.
There is a smaller range of reaction times after drinking alcohol.
Question 3 continues on the next page
*11*
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Figure 6 shows some speed cameras on a road.
The speed cameras determine the average speed of cars on the road.
Figure 6
0 3 . 4
The speed limit on the road in Figure 6 is 20 m/s.
The cameras in Figure 6 are 1.5 km apart.
Calculate the minimum time it takes to travel 1.5 km without breaking the speed limit.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[4 marks]
Minimum time =
*12*
s
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0 3 . 5
The average speed of a car between the cameras and the average velocity of the car
between the cameras are different.
Explain why.
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[3 marks]
13
Turn over for the next question
*13*
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There are no questions printed on this page
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
*14*
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0 4
Hailstones are small balls of ice. Hailstones form in clouds and fall to the ground.
Figure 7 shows different-sized hailstones.
Figure 7
A hailstone falls from a cloud and accelerates.
0 4 . 1
Why does the hailstone accelerate?
0 4 . 2
The hailstone stops accelerating and reaches terminal velocity.
Explain why the hailstone reaches terminal velocity.
*15*
[1 mark]
[3 marks]
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16
A scientist investigated how the mass of hailstones affects their terminal velocity.
Figure 8 shows the results.
Figure 8
0 4 . 3
Why does terminal velocity increase with mass?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
As mass increases the cross-sectional surface area of a hailstone
increases.
As mass increases the volume of a hailstone increases.
As mass increases the weight of a hailstone increases.
*16*
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0 4 . 4
Explain the difference in the maximum kinetic energy of a hailstone with a mass of
10 g and a hailstone with a mass of 20 g.
[3 marks]
0 4 . 5
The kinetic energy of a hailstone is measured in joules.
Which of the following is the same as 1 joule?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
1 Nm
1 N/m
1 N/m2
1 N m2
Question 4 continues on the next page
*17*
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Figure 8 is repeated below.
Figure 8
0 4 . 6
A hailstone hit the ground at its terminal velocity of 25 m/s.
The hailstone took 0.060 s to stop moving.
Determine the average force on the hailstone as it hit the ground.
Use information from Figure 8.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[3 marks]
Average force =
*18*
N
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
*19*
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0 5
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Figure 9 shows a balance used to measure the mass of five tomatoes.
Figure 9
0 5 . 1
What is meant by ‘centre of mass’?
0 5 . 2
Calculate the mean weight of a tomato in Figure 9.
[1 mark]
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg
[3 marks]
Weight =
*20*
N
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0 5 . 3
The balance in Figure 9 contains a spring that compresses when the tomatoes are
placed on the balance.
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Figure 10 shows the spring with no force acting and with a 6.0 N force acting.
Figure 10
Determine the spring constant of the spring.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[3 marks]
Spring constant =
0 5 . 4
N/m
Explain one property of the spring that makes it suitable for use in the balance.
[2 marks]
9
*21*
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0 6
Galaxies contain billions of stars.
0 6 . 1
Compare the formation and life cycles of stars with a similar mass to the Sun to stars
with a much greater mass than the Sun.
[6 marks]
*22*
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The points on Figure 11 represent galaxies that are moving away from the Milky Way.
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Figure 11
Each arrow represents the velocity of the galaxy relative to the Milky Way.
0 6 . 2
Light from all galaxies represented in Figure 11 is red-shifted.
Describe what is meant by red-shift.
0 6 . 3
Explain how Figure 11 provides evidence for the Big Bang theory.
0 6 . 4
Sometimes scientists have to change theories about the universe.
Give the reason why.
[2 marks]
[2 marks]
[1 mark]
11
*23*
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0 7
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The National Grid uses transformers to change potential difference (pd).
Figure 12 shows a transformer.
Figure 12
0 7 . 1
Identify the parts of the transformer labelled in Figure 12.
[2 marks]
A
B
C
0 7 . 2
There is an alternating input pd of 230 V.
Determine the output pd.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[3 marks]
Output pd =
*24*
V
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0 7 . 3
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The input pd causes an alternating current.
Explain why there is an alternating current in the output when the transformer is
connected to a circuit.
[3 marks]
Question 7 continues on the next page
*25*
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Figure 13 shows a large cable supported by two wooden poles. The cable is
connected to an electricity supply.
Figure 13
0 7 . 4
There is a force on the cable due to the Earth’s magnetic field when the current is in
the direction A to B.
What is the direction of this force?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
Down
Left
Right
Up
*26*
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0 7 . 5
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The cable experiences a force of 0.045 N due to the Earth’s magnetic field.
magnetic flux density = 60 µT
current = 50 A
Calculate the length of the cable between A and B.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[4 marks]
Length =
0 7 . 6
State one assumption you made in your calculation.
m
[1 mark]
14
Turn over for the next question
*27*
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0 8
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Diving bricks sink to the bottom of a swimming pool.
Figure 14 shows a diving brick.
Figure 14
Swimmers practise diving to the bottom of the swimming pool to pick up the
diving brick.
0 8 . 1
*28*
Explain why the forces on the brick at the bottom of the pool cause the brick to be
stationary.
[3 marks]
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0 8 . 2
When the brick from Figure 14 is at the bottom of the pool, the top surface of the brick
is 2.50 m below the surface of the water.
The force acting on the top surface of the brick due to the weight of the water is
637 N.
gravitational field strength = 9.8 N/kg
Calculate the density of the water in the swimming pool.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
[6 marks]
Density of water =
kg/m3
Question 8 continues on the next page
*29*
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0 8 . 3
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Professional divers are trained in a very deep swimming pool.
The density of the water in this pool is not the same as the density of the water in
Question 08.2
The diving brick was dropped into the very deep swimming pool.
When the brick was at a depth of 2.50 m, the force due to the weight of the water on
the top surface of the brick was 618 N.
Figure 15 shows the diving brick at the bottom of the very deep swimming pool.
Figure 15
*30*
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Determine the force due to the weight of the water on the top surface of the brick
in Figure 15.
Use the Physics Equations Sheet.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
Force (3 significant figures) =
[3 marks]
N
END OF QUESTIONS
*31*
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ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
*32*
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Question
number
*33*
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number
*34*
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number
*35*
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Question
number
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Additional page, if required.
Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.
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