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1. An Introduction to the Human Body
1. is the study of the larger structures of the body, those visible without the aid of magnification
(A) Gross anatomy
(B) Microscopic anatomy
(C) Macroscopic anatomy
(D) Physical anatomy
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 8
2. The word “anatomy” comes from a Greek root that means “........... ’’
(A) To cut apart
(B) To fix with
(C) To view inside
(D) To study exterior
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 8
3. Dissection is still used in ………….
(A) Medical schools
(B) Pathology labs
(C) Anatomy courses
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Easy
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4. Microscopic anatomy includes ………….
(A) Histology
(B) Cytology
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Easy
Page 8
5................ is the study of the structures that make up a discrete body system—that is, a group of
structures that work together to perform a unique body function.
(A) Regional anatomy
(B) Systematic anatomy
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(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 9
6. Human physiology is the scientific study of the ........... of the structures of the body and the ways in
which they work together to support the functions of life.
(A) Chemistry
(B) Physic
(C) Both Above
(D) None of Above
Ans C
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Page 9
7. Homeostasis is the state of steady -------- maintained by living things.
(A) Internal Condition
(B) External conditions
(C) Both Above
(D) None of Above
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 9
8. An organ is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of ---------- tissue types.
(A) One
(B) Two
(C) Two or more
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 11
9. In ------------ organisms, including humans, all cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body
work together to maintain the life and health of the organism.
(A) Unicellular
(B) Bicellular
(C) Multicellular
(D) None of above
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Ans C
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Page 14
10. The different organ systems each have different functions and therefore ----------roles to perform in
physiology.
(A) Unique
(B) Different
(C) Both Above
(D) None of Above
Ans C
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Page14
11. A human body consists of trillions of cells organized in a way that maintains distinct ……….. .
(A) Internal compartments
(B) External compartments
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
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12. The organism level is the ............ level of organization
(A) Lowest
(B) Highest
(C) Medium
(D) Extreme
Ans A
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Page 14
13. Which of the following mechanism is involved in releasing energy?
(A) Catabolism
(B) Anabolism
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 14
14. Every cell in your body makes use of a chemical compound, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to ………. .
(A) Store energy
(B) Release energy
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(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 15
15 .............. is the ability of an organism to adjust to changes in its internal and external environments
(A) Responsiveness
(B) Movement
(C) Locomotion
(D) All of above
Ans A
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Page 15
16. Anatomic structures and physiological processes allow runners to coordinate the action of muscle
groups and sweat in response to rising internal ……….. .
(A) Body temperature
(B) Blood pressure
(C) Hormone level
(D) All of above
Ans A
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Page 16
17 .............. is all of the changes the body goes through in life.
(A) Development
(B) Growth
(C) Reproduction
(D) All of above
Ans A
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18. Development includes the process of ………. .
(A) Differentiation
(B) Growth
(C) Repair
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Medium
Page 16
19. Humans have been adapting to life on Earth for at least the past …………. .
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(A) 100000 years
(B) 200000 years
(C) 300000 years
(D) 400000 years
Ans B
Diff Hard
Page 17
20. Atmospheric air is only about ............ percent oxygen, but that oxygen is a key component of the
chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP
(A) 20
(B) 30
(C) 40
(D) 60
Ans A
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Page 17
21. Controlled hypothermia often is used, for example, during open-heart surgery because it...........the
metabolic needs of the brain, heart, and other organs, reducing the risk of damage to them.
(A) Decreases
(B) Increases
(C) Remains constant
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 18
22. In the emergency department, the physician induces coma and lowers the patient’s body
temperature to approximately 91 degrees. This condition, which is maintained for 24 hours ............. the
patient’s metabolic rate
(A) Slows
(B) Enhances
(C) Neutralizes
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 18
23. The pressure of the nitrogen gas in your blood would be much ......... than the pressure of nitrogen in
the space surrounding your body
(A) Higher
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(B) Lower
(C) Equal
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 19
24. Decompression sickness (DCS) is a condition in which gases dissolved in the blood or in other body
tissues are no longer dissolved following a reduction in pressure on the body. This condition affects
……….
(A) Underwater divers
(B) Pilots
(C) Mountaineers
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 20
25. The most common symptom of DCS is ………….. .
(A) Pain in the joints
(B) Headache
(C) Vision disturbances
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 20
26. The brain triggers the thyroid gland in the endocrine system to release thyroid hormone, which ………
metabolic activity and heat production in cells throughout the body.
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remains constant
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 21
27. Childbirth and the body’s response to blood loss are two examples of .................. Loops that are
normal but are activated only when needed.
(A) Positive feedback
(B) Negative feedback
(C) Both of above
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(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page
22
28 ............. position describes a position in a limb that is nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk
of the body
(A) Proximal
(B) Distal
(C) Medial
(D) Lateral
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 25
29. A plane is ................. surface that passes through the body.
(A) Two dimensional
(B) Three dimensional
(C) Imaginary two dimensional
(D) Imaginary three dimensional
Ans C
Diff Hard
P age 25
30. The ............ is the largest cavity in the body
(A) Abdominopelvic cavity
(B) Thoracic cavity
(C) Cranial cavity
(D) Spinal cavity
Ans A
Diff Hard
2. The Chemical Level of Organization
1. Human chemistry includes …….. .
(A) Organic molecules
(B) Elements
(C) Biochemical
(D) All of above
Page 27
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Ans D
Diff Easy
Page 42
2. In glucose, there are always six carbon and six oxygen units for every ......... hydrogen units.
(A) Three
(B) Six
(C) Twelve
(D) Eighteen
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 43
3. The percentage of potassium in human body is ………….
(A) 0.2
(B) 0.3
(C) 0.4
(D) 0.5
Ans C
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Page 43
4. Uranium (U), is referred to as a heavy metal and it contains .......... neutrons
(A) 238
(B) 92
(C) 146
(D) 240
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 44
5. The number of protons and neutrons ………….
(A) May be equal for some elements
(B) Are equal for all elements
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 45
6. An isotope is one of the different forms of an element, distinguished from one another by different
numbers of …………. .
(A) Electrons
(B) Protons
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(C) Neutrons
(D) All of above
Ans C
Diff Easy
Page 46
7. Excessive exposure to radioactive isotopes can cause ………….. .
(A) Damage of human cells
(B) Birth defects
(C) Cancer
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
Page 46
8. If you take a look at the periodic table of the elements, you will notice that hydrogen and helium are
placed alone on either sides of the top row; they are the only elements that have ……….. .
(A) One electron shells
(B) Two electron shells
(C) Three electron shells
(D) Four electron shells
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 47
9. The most common example of ............. in the natural world occurs between molecules of water
(A) Ionic bonding
(B) Covalent bonding
(C) Hydrogen bonding
(D) All of above
Ans C
Diff Hard
Page 53
10 ................ is the energy of position, or the energy matter possesses because of the positioning or
structure of its components.
(A) Kinetic energy
(B) Chemical energy
(C) Potential energy
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Easy
Page 54
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11. The full spectrum of ............. is referred to as the electromagnetic spectrum.
(A) Radiant energy
(B) Electrical energy
(C) Mechanical energy
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 55
12. An exchange reaction is a chemical reaction in which both synthesis and decomposition occur,
chemical bonds are both formed and broken, and chemical energy is ……….. .
(A) Absorbed
(B) Stored
(C) Released
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
Page 56
13. The most important catalysts in the human body are ……….. .
(A) Enzymes
(B) Proteins
(C) Lipids
(D) Carbohydrates
Ans A
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Page 57
14. An inorganic compound is a substance that does not contain ………….
(A) Carbon
(B) Hydrogen
(C) Both of above
(D) None of the above
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 58
15. In the bloodstream of humans, glucose concentration is usually measured in milligram (mg) per
deciliter (dL), and in a healthy adult averages about ………
(A) 10 mg/dL
(B) 100 mg/d
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(C) 1000 mg/dL
(D) None of above
Ans B
Diff Hard
Page 59
16. A buffer is a solution of a ………………….
(A) Weak acid and its conjugate base
(B) Strong acid and its conjugate base
(C) Weak base and its conjugate acid
(D) Strong base and its conjugate acid
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 63
16. Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis?
(A) Lung disease
(B) Aspirin overdose
(C) Shock
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Medium
Page 64
17. Which of the following functional groups is involved in dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis
reactions?
(A) Carboxylic group
(B) Hydroxyl group
(C) Methyl group
(D) Phosphate group
Ans B
Diff Hard
Page 65
18. A triglyceride is one of the most common dietary ............ , and the type found most abundantly in
body tissues
(A) Lipid groups
(B) Carbohydrate groups
(C) Carbohydrate groups
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 69
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19 .............. are compounds in which the hydrophobic triglycerides are packaged in protein envelopes for
transport in body fluids.
(A) Glycolipids
(B) Fatty acids
(C) Lipoproteins
(D) All of above
Ans C
Diff Hard
Page 70
20. One reason that the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish are beneficial is that they stimulate the
production of certain .......... that help regulate aspects of blood pressure and inflammation, and thereby
reduce the risk for heart disease
(A) Prostaglandins
(B) Sterols
(C) Phospholipids
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 71
21. Proteins include the keratin in the epidermis of skin that protects …………….
(A) Collagen
(B) Underlying tissues
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 72
22. If a particular essential amino acid is not available in sufficient quantities in the amino acid pool,
however, synthesis of proteins containing it can ………… .
(A) Slow
(B) Cease
(C) Increase
(D) A and B
Ans D
Diff hard
Page 73
23. In protein shapes, the most common secondary structure is a spiral called ……….
(A) An alpha-helix
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(B) Beta-pelated sheet
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Hard
Page 74
24. A nucleotide is one of a class of organic compounds composed of ………….
(A) One or more phosphate groups
(B) A pentose sugar
(C) A nitrogen containing base
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 76
25. A............. is a nitrogen-containing molecule with a double ring structure, which accommodates
several nitrogen atoms.
(A) Purine
(B) Pyrimidine
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 76
26. Humans have almost.......... genes in their DNA, locked up in the 46 chromosomes inside the nucleus
of each cell (except red blood cells which lose their nuclei during development).
(A) 10000
(B) 12000
(C) 20000
(D) 22000
Ans D
Diff Medium
27. The nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is composed of ……….. .
(A) Ribose sugar
(B) An adenine base
(C) Three phosphate groups
(D) All of above
Page 77
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Ans D
Diff Hard
Page 77
28. ATP is classified as a ……………….
(A) High energy compound
(B) Low energy compound
(C) Medium energy compound
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 77
29. Which of the following bases is found in RNA only?
(A) Cytosine
(B) Thymine
(C) Uracil
(D) All of above
Ans C
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Page 76
30. Any given enzyme catalyzes ……………. .
(A) One type of reaction
(B) Two types of reactions
(C) Three types of reactions
(D) Multiple type reactions
Ans A
Diff Medium
3. The Cellular Level of Organization
1. Primary responsibility of each cell is to contribute to ………. .
(A) Homeostasis
(B) Reproduction
(C) Sustainability
(D) Protection
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 88
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2. An amphipathic molecule is one that contains ……….. .
(A) Hydrophilic region
(B) Hydrophobic region
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 88
3. The phospholipid bilayer consists of two adjacent sheets of phospholipids, arranged ……….
(A) Tail to tail
(B) Head to tail
(C) Head to head
(D) Head to tail
Ans A
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Page 89
4is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular
energy.
(A) Passive transport
(B) Active transport
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 91
5is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
(A) Active transport
(B) Passive transport
(C) Diffusion
(D) Concentration gradient
Ans C
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Page 91
6. Facilitated diffusion of substances crossing the cell (plasma) membrane takes place with the help of
……………. .
(A) Channel proteins
(B) Carrier proteins
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(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 92
7................ brings fluid containing dissolved substances into a cell through membrane vesicles.
(A) Endocytosis
(B) Phagocytosis
(C) Pinocytosis
(D) All of above
Ans C
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Page 95
8. Cells of the stomach and pancreas produce and secrete digestive enzymes through ……….. .
(A) Endocytosis
(B) Exocytosis
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans B
Diff Medium
Page 95
9. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease well known for its damage to the …….. .
(A) Lungs
(B) Liver
(C) Pancreas
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Medium
Page 95
10. Which of the following is organelle of the endomembrane system?
(A) Endoplasmic reticulum
(B) Golgi apparatus
(C) Vesicles
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
Page 98
11. One of the main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is in the synthesis of ……….. .
(A) Lipids
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(B) Proteins
(C) Carbohydrates
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
Page 99
12. Which of the following organelles is the “energy transformer” of the cell.
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Nucleus
(D) Endoplasmic reticulum
Ans B
Diff Hard
Page 101
13. Peroxisomes perform a function of ……………….
(A) Lipid metabolism
(B) Chemical detoxification
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Medium
Page 102
14. Due to their ................................ , ROS can set off chain reactions where they remove electrons
from other molecules, which then become oxidized and reactive, and do the same to other molecules,
causing a chain reaction
(A) Characteristic paired electrons
(B) Characteristics unpaired electrons
(C) Characteristic free radicals
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 101
15. Which of the following versions of free radical theory is more widely accepted?
(A) Aging process itself is a result of oxidative damage
(B) Oxidative damage causes age related diseases
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
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Ans B
Diff Hard
Page 103
Diff Medium
Page 104
16. The cytoskeleton consists of …………. .
(A) Microtubules
(B) Microfilaments
(C) Intermediate filaments
(D) All of above
Ans D
17. The .......... is a region of the nucleus that is responsible for manufacturing the RNA necessary for
construction of ribosomes.
(A) Nucleolus
(B) Nuclear envelop
(C) Nuclei
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 105
18. In the step of.......... Of DNA replication, each strand becomes a template along which a new
complementary strand is built.
(A) Initiation
(B) Elongation
(C) Termination
(D) All of above
Ans B
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Page 109
19. One of the most important classes of proteins is ........... , which help speed up necessary biochemical
reactions that take place inside the cell
(A) Enzymes
(B) Lipoproteins
(C) Lysozyme
(D) Oligosaccharides
Ans A
20.
Diff Medium
Gene expression begins with the process called ………….
(A) Transcription
Page 110
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(B) Initiation
(C) Elongation
(D) Termination
Ans A
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Page 111
21 is a type of RNA that, together with proteins, composes the structure of the ribosome
(A) rRNA
(B) mRNA
(C) tRNA
(D) all of above
Ans A
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Page 113
22 is the period of the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing
(A) Interphase
(B) Mitosis
(C) Cytokinesis
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 116
23. A........... is a point in the cell cycle at which the cycle can be signaled to move forward or stopped
(A) Checkpoint
(B) Cyclin
(C) Cyclindependent kinase
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 119
24. The process of cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final …………. .
(A) Morphology
(B) Physiology
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
Diff Easy
Page 121
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25. A pluripotent stem cell is one that has the potential to differentiate into any type of human tissue
but cannot support the full development of an organism
(A) Pluripotent
(B) Oligopotent
(C) Unipotent
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
P age 121
26. Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action is called ………. .
(A) Autolysis
(B) Cell cycle
(C) Anticodon
(D) Autophagy
Ans A
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Page 126
27 ........... is one of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing
(A) Codon
(B) Exon
(C) Anticodon
(D) Chromatin
Ans B
Diff Hard
P age 127
28. G2 phase is the .......... phase of the cell cycle, after the DNA synthesis phase
(A) First
(B) Second
(C) Third
(D) Fourth
Ans C
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Page 127
29 is the fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels
(A) Interstitial fluid
(B) Intracellular fluid
(C) Intron
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(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 128
30 is the diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across a selectively
permeable membrane.
(A) Osmosis
(B) Mitosis
(C) Pinocytosis
(D) Phagocytosis
Ans A
Diff Medium Page 129
4. The Tissue Level of Organization
1. The body contains at least........... distinct cell types
(A) 100
(B) 200
(C) 300
(D) 400
Ans B
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Page 135
2.............. , refers to the sheets of cells that cover exterior surfaces of the body, lines internal cavities
and passageways, and forms certain glands
(A) Epithelial tissues
(B) Connective tissues
(C) Nervous tissues
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
Page 136
3. Synovial membranes surround the joints of the ……….
(A) Shoulder
(B) Elbow
(C) Knee
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(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Medium
Page 139
4. Epithelial tissues provide the body’s first line of protection from ............. wear and tear
(A) Physical
(B) Chemical
(C) Biological
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 141
5. Epithelial tissues are classified according to the ……….. .
(A) Shape of the cells
(B) Number of the cells
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page 143
6. Squamous cell nuclei tend to be …………. .
(A) Flat
(B) Horizontal
(C) Elliptical
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 143
7............... is a type of epithelium that appears to be stratified but instead consists of a single layer of
irregularly shaped and differently sized columnar cells
(A) Pseudo stratified epithelium
(B) Simple columnar epithelium
(C) Goblet cells epithelium
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 144
8. Which of the following is examples of endocrine glands?
(A) Anterior pituitary
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(B) Thymus
(C) Adrenal cortex
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
Page 147
9. Breast milk is an example of ……….
(A) Endocrine glands
(B) Exocrine glands
(C) Glandular structures
(D) None of above
Ans B
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Page 147
10. Exocrine glands can be classified by their ……….. .
(A) Mode of secretion
(B) Nature of substances released
(C) Structure of the glands
(D) All of above
Ans D
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Page 148
11. The process of............... involves the rupture and destruction of the entire gland cell.
(A) Holocrine secretion
(B) Apocrine secretion
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 149
12. Bone and cartilage are examples of .......... that provide structure and strength to the body
(A) Dense connective tissues
(B) Loose connective tissues
(C) Supportive connective tissues
(D) None of above
Ans C
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Page
151
13 .............. are fixed cells, which means they remain within the connective tissue
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(A) Fibrocytes
(B) Adipocytes
(C) Mesenchymal cells
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Easy
Page 151
14. The brown adipocytes store lipids as many droplets, and have ...........metabolic activity
(A) High
(B) Low
(C) Moderate
(D) None of above
Ans A
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Page 152
15 contains the protein elastin along with lesser amounts of other proteins and glycoproteins
(A) Elastic fiber
(B) Collagen fiber
(C) Reticular fiber
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Easy
Page 152
16 is most abundant and it can appear yellow and owes its color to carotene and related
pigments from plant food
(A) White adipose tissue
(B) Brown adipose tissue
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Medium
17. The dermis of the skin is an example of …………….
(A) Dense irregular connective tissues
(B) Dense regular connective tissues
(C) Loose irregular connective tissues
(D) Loose regular connective tissues
Page 153
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Ans A
Diff Hard
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18. Persons whose jobs and hobbies involve performing the same movements over and over again are
often at the greatest risk of ………….
(A) Tendinitis
(B) Rickets
(C) Arthritis
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
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19., is the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen
fibers and contains large amounts of proteoglycans
(A) Hyaline cartilage
(B) Fibrocartilage
(C) Elastic cartilage
(D) None of above
Ans A
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20. Menisci in the knee joint and the intervertebral discs are examples of ………..
(A) Fibrocartilage
(B) Hyaline cartilage
(C) Elastic cartilage
(D) None of above
Ans A
Diff Hard
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21. Bone is the ………….. .
(A) Hardest connective tissue
(B) Highly vascularized tissue
(C) Short recovering tissues
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
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22 ............ , are responsible for defending against potentially harmful microorganisms or molecules.
(A) Erythrocytes
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(B) Leukocytes
(C) Platelets
(D) All of above
Ans D
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23. Which of the following is fluid connective tissues?
(A) Blood
(B) Lymph
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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24. The contraction of your pupil in bright Light is an example of ............ movement
(A) Voluntary
(B) Involuntary
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans B
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160
25 ............... tissue contraction is responsible for involuntary movements in the internal organs
(A) Skeletal muscle
(B) Smooth muscle
(C) Cardiac muscle
(D) All of above
Ans B
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26. The cell body of a neuron, also called the soma, contains the …………. .
(A) Nucleus
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Golgi bodies
(D) A and B
Ans D
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27 ............... produce myelin in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
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(A) Oligodendrocyte cells
(B) Schwann cells
(C) Astrocytes
(D) All of above
Ans A
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28. is programmed cell death, a normal step-by-step process that destroys cells no longer needed
by the body?
(A) Inflammation
(B) Apoptosis
(C) Necrosis
(D) None of above
Ans B
Diff Hard
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29. Which of the following is hallmark of cancer?
(A) Uncontrolled growth
(B) Colonization of other organs
(C) Invasion into adjacent tissues
(D) All of above
Ans D
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30 .............. is a star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or
breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier
(A) Astrocyte
(B) Apical
(C) Atrophy
(D) Areolar
Ans A
5. The Integumentary System
Diff Hard
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1. In the adult human body, the skin makes up about ..............of body weight
(A) 6 %
(B) 16 %
(C) 26%
(D) 36 %
Ans B
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2. Dermal papillae ......... the strength of the connection between the epidermis and dermis
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Neutralizes
(D) None of above
Ans A
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3. The stratum lucidum is a smooth, seemingly translucent layer of the epidermis
(A) Stratum lucidum
(B) Stratum granulosum
(C) Stratum coneum
(D) None of above
Ans A
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4. The .................. is a layer directly below the dermis and serves to connect the skin to the underlying
fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles
(A) Hypodermis
(B) Reticular layer
(C) Papillary layer
(D) None of above
Ans A
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5. Eumelanin exists as ................ , whereas pheomelanin provides a red color
(A) Black
(B) Brown
(C) Green
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(D) A and B
Ans D
Diff Easy
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6. Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of ……….. .
(A) Skin
(B) Hair
(C) Eyes
(D) All of above
Ans D
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7. Which of the following is not accessory structure of the skin?
(A) Hair
(B) Nails
(C) Sweat glands
(D) None of above
Ans D
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8. The medulla forms the central core of the hair, which is surrounded by the ……….
(A) Cortex
(B) Cuticle
(C) Follicle
(D) None of above
Ans A
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9. The hair follicle is made of multiple layers of cells that form from basal cells in the ………….
(A) Hair matrix
(B) Hair root
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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10. The catagen phase of hair growth lasts only ........... , and marks a transition from the hair follicle’s
active growth
(A) 1 to 2 weeks
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(B) 2 to 3 weeks
(C) 3 to 4 weeks
(D) 4 to 5 weeks
Ans B
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11. The nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body forms the ............. , also called the
eponychium.
(A) Nail body
(B) Nail tip
(C) Nail bed
(D) Nail cuticle
Ans D
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12 is type of gland that produces a hypotonic sweat for thermoregulation
(A) Eccrine glands
(B) Sweat glands
(C) Sudoriferous glands
(D) None of above
Ans A
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13 are a primary component of thermoregulation in humans and thus help to maintain
homeostasis.
(A) Eccrine glands
(B) Sweat glands
(C) Sudoriferous glands
(D) None of above
Ans A
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14. A............. is a type of oil gland that is found all over the body and helps to lubricate and waterproof
the skin and hair
(A) Sebaceous gland
(B) Eccrine gland
(C) Sweat gland
(D) Sudoferous gland
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Ans A
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15. The fatty acids of sebum also have antibacterial properties, and prevent water loss from the skin in
…………… environments
(A) Low humidity
(B) High humidity
(C) Moderate humidity
(D) All of above
Ans A
Diff High
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16. Which of the following danger is associated with tattoo or body piercing?
(A) Allergic reactions
(B) Skin infections
(C) Blood borne diseases
(D) All of above
Ans D
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17. A person with tattoos should be cautious when having a …………….
(A) MRI
(B) CT Scan
(C) ECG
(D) All of above
Ans A
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18. The skin acts as a sense organ because the ..............contain specialized sensory nerve structures that
detect touch, surface temperature, and pain
(A) Dermis
(B) Hypodermis
(C) Epidermis
(D) All of above
Ans D
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19. During strenuous physical activities, such as skiing or running, the dermal blood vessels ........... and
sweat secretion increases
(A) Dilate
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(B) Contract
(C) Enlarge
(D) None of above
Ans A
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20. The epidermal layer of human skin synthesizes .......... when exposed to UV radiation
(A) Vitamin B
(B) Vitamin C
(C) Vitamin D
(D) All of above
Ans C
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21. The absence of sun exposure can lead to a lack of vitamin D in the body, leading to a condition called
……………. , a painful condition in children where the bones are misshapen due to a lack of calcium,
causing bowleggedness
(A) Rickets
(B) Osteomalacia
(C) Hypercalcimia
(D) Hypocalcaemia
Ans A
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22. In addition to its essential role in bone health, vitamin D is essential for general immunity against
……………. Infections
(A) Bacterial
(B) Viral
(C) Fungal
(D) All of above
Ans D
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23 ................. Involves the clogging of pores, which can lead to infection and inflammation, and is often
seen in adolescents
(A) Eczema
(B) Acne
(C) Impetigo
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(D) Scabies
Ans B
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24 ............ may be accompanied by swelling of the skin, flaking, and in severe cases, bleeding
(A) Eczema
(B) Acne
(C) Impetigo
(D) Scabies
Ans A
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25. The sebum, when oxidized by exposure to air, turns ………….
(A) Black
(B) Red
(C) White
(D) Blue
Ans A
Diff Hard
P age 203
26. Acne is a result of over-productive sebaceous glands, which leads to …………….
(A) Formation of blackheads
(B) Inflammation of skin
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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27. Which of the followings is a popular among patients, hoping to reduce the appearance of skin aging?
(A) Botox injection
(B) Laser treatment
(C) Filler injections
(D) All of above
Ans D
Diff Hard
28. A burn results when the skin is damaged by ………. .
(A) Intense heat
(B) Radiation
Page 204
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(C) Electricity
(D) All of above
Ans D
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29. A............ goes deeper and affects both the epidermis and a portion of the dermis
(A) A first degree burn
(B) A second degree burn
(C) A third degree burn
(D) A fourth degree burn
Ans B
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30. When you wear shoes that do not fit well and are a constant source of abrasion on your toes, you
tend to form a .......... at the point of contact
(A) Stretch mark
(B) Corn
(C) Callus
(D) All of above
Ans D
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6. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
1. A well-preserved fossil skeleton can give us a good sense of the ............. of an organism
(A) Size
(B) Shape
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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2. Which of the following critical function is not related to skeletal system for the human body?
(A) Supports the body
(B) Facilitates movement
(C) Protects external organs
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(D) Produces blood cells
Ans C
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3............... often appear in preteens as the result of poor posture, abnormal growth, or indeterminate
causes
(A) Spinal curvatures
(B) Lateral curvatures
(C) Axial curvatures
(D) All of above
Ans D
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4. Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are all produced in the red marrow
(A) Red marrow
(B) Yellow marrow
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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5. The ............ are found in the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles of human skeleton.
(A) Short bones
(B) Long bones
(C) Both of above
(D) None of above
Ans C
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6. A short bone is one that is ........... in shape, being approximately equal in length, width, and thickness.
(A) Cubical
(B) Hexagonal
(C) Rhombohedra
(D) None of above
Ans D
Diff Medium
7. Which of the following is not an example of flat bones?
(A) Cranial
Page 219
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(B) Scapula
(C) Sternum
(D) Patellae
Ans D
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8. Many facial bones, particularly the ones containing sinuses, are classified as …………….
(A) Sesamoid bones
(B) Irregular bones
(C) Flat bones
(D) None of above
Ans D
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9. The .......... is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone
(A) Diaphysis
(B) Epiphysis
(C) Medullary cavity
(D) Compact bone
Ans A
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10. The ..................contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone
(A) Endosteum
(B) Periosteum
(C) Metaphysis
(D) Epiphyseal plate
Ans B
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11 ..................... is the attachment points for tendons and ligaments
(A) Articulation
(B) Projection
(C) Hole
(D) None of above
Ans B
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12. The surface features of bones depend on their …………….
Page 222
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(A) Function
(B) Location
(C) Attachment of ligaments and tendons
(D) All of above
Ans D
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224
13 ............... maintain the mineral concentration of the matrix via the secretion of enzymes.
(A) Osteocytes
(B) Osteoblast
(C) Lacuna
(D) Canaliculus
Ans A
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14. Compact bone is dense so that it can withstand .............. , while spongy (cancellous) bone has open
spaces and supports shifts in weight distribution.
(A) Tensile forces
(B) Compressive forces
(C) Shear forces
(D) All of above
Ans B
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15. Paget’s disease usually occurs in adults over age ………….
(A) 20
(B) 30
(C) 40
(D) 50
Ans C
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16. Bisphosphonates, drugs that .......... the activity of osteoclasts, are often used in the treatment of
Paget’s disease.
However, in a
(A) Decrease
(B) Increase
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