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Test Bank Anthony’s Textbook
of Anatomy & Physiology
21st Edition Patton
Chapters 1 - 48
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
Chapter 01: Organization of the Body
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 21st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following describes anatomy?
a. Using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure
b. Investigating human structure via dissections and other methods
c. Studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli
d. Examining the physiology of life
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Anatomy and Physiology
REF: p. 3
2. Systemic anatomy is a term that refers to:
a. physiological investigation at a microscopic level.
b. anatomical investigation that begins in the head and neck and concludes at the feet.
c. anatomical investigation that uses an approach of studying the body by
systems—groups of organs having a common function.
d. anatomical investigation at the molecular level.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Anatomy and Physiology
3. Physiology can be subdivided according to the
a. type of organism
b. organizational level
c. systemic function
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Physiology
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 4
studied.
REF: p. 4
4. Physiology:
a. recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things.
b. investigates the body’s structure.
c. is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization
such as cells and systems.
d. is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Physiology
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 4
5. One of the basic principles of the standardized terminology is the avoidance of
terms that are based on a person’s name.
a. homonyms
b. antonyms
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, or
c. eponyms
d. synonyms
ANSWER: C
Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 5
TOP: Language of Science and Medicine
6. Metabolism refers to:
a. the chemical basis of life.
b. the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body.
c. an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function.
d. a subdivision of physiology.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 5
TOP: Characteristics of Life
7. From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are:
a. organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle.
b. chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
c. organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical.
d. chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Organization
REF: p. 6
8. The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:
a. molecules.
b. cells.
c. organelles.
d. atoms.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Organization
REF: p. 7
ilU
arRcS
ellIs N
thG
atTaB
re.sC
peO
ciM
alized to perform a certain function is
9. An organization of many simN
called a(n):
a. tissue.
b. organism.
c. system.
d. organ.
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ANSWER: A
TOP: Tissue Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
10. An organ is one organizational level lower than a(n):
a. system.
b. cell.
c. organelle.
d. tissue.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Organ Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
11. The reproductive system includes all of the following except the:
a. testes.
b. ovaries.
c. ureter.
d. penis.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Body Systems
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8
12. The lungs are located in the:
a. thoracic cavity.
b. mediastinum.
c. abdominal cavity.
d. cranial cavity.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 12
13. The mediastinum contains all of the following except the:
a. trachea.
b. venae cavae.
c. right lung.
d. esophagus.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
14. The gallbladder lies in the:
a. abdominal cavity.
b. pelvic cavity.
c. dorsal cavity.
d. mediastinum.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Cavities
REF: p. 12
REF: p. 13
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15. The number of abdominal regions is:
a. three.
b. five.
c. seven.
d. nine.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions
REF: p. 14
16. The abdominal region in which the urinary bladder is found is the:
a. hypogastric.
b. epigastric.
c. right lumbar.
d. left iliac.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions
REF: p. 15
17. A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the
a. right lumbar
b. right hypochondriac
c. hypogastric
d. umbilical
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions
region.
REF: p. 14
18. The abdominal region in which the appendix is found is the:
a. hypogastric.
b. right iliac.
c. right lumbar.
d. right hypochondriac.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions
REF: p. 15
19. Popliteal refers to the:
a. calf.
b. ankle.
c. cheek.
d. area behind the knee.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions
REF: p. 16
20. A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:
a. sagittal.
b. frontal.
c. coronal.
d. transverse.
ANSWER: A
DIF: MN
emoR
rizatIionG B.CM
O
TOP: Body Planes and Sections U S N T
REF: p. 16
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21. The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint?
a. Umbilicus
b. Pubic bone
c. Xiphoid process
d. Iliac crest
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Abdominopelvic Quadrants
REF: p. 13
22. Humans have similar right and left sides of the body, at least superficially. This is an example
of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
anatomical position.
anterior symmetry.
ipsilateral position.
bilateral symmetry.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
TOP: Anatomical Position
Memorization
REF: p. 8
23. Two major cavities of the human body are:
a. ventral/dorsal.
b. inferior/superior.
c. visceral/parietal.
d. axial/appendicular.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 9
24. A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:
a. sagittal.
b. median.
c. coronal.
d. transverse.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Planes and Sections
REF: p. 10
25. The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the:
a. brain.
b. spinal column.
c. spinal cord.
d. thyroid gland.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 12
26. The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the
a. sagittal
b. frontal
c. transverse
d. superficial
plane.
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ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Planes and Sections
REF: p. 11
27. A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique is called a(n):
a. endomorph.
b. mesomorph.
c. ectomorph.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
TOP: Body Type and Disease
REF: p. 17, Connect It
28. A somatotype characterized by a thin, fragile physique is a(n):
a. ectomorph.
b. mesomorph.
c. endomorph.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Type and Disease
REF: p. 17, Connect It
29. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:
a. kidneys.
b. gallbladder.
c. right lung.
d. urinary bladder.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 13
30. Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life?
a. Digestion
b. Balance
c. Conductivity
d. Circulation
e. Reproduction
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Characteristics of Life
Memorization
REF: p. 5
31. An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a:
a. fact.
b. theory.
c. concept.
d. hypothesis.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Science and Society
Memorization
REF: p. 3
32. Molecules are:
a. atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates.
b. electrons orbiting nuclei.
N
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
c. a complex of electrons a r r aU
ng eS
d inNconTcentricOshells.
d. composed of cellular organelles.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Chemical Level: Basis for Life
REF: p. 6
33. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of:
a. molecules.
b. cytoplasm.
c. organelles.
d. plasma membranes.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Organization
REF: p. 7
34. When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function, it is referred to as a(n):
a. tissue.
b. organelle.
c. organ system complex.
d. organism.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Tissue Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
35. Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n):
a.
b.
c.
d.
plasma membrane.
organ.
organism.
organ system.
ANSWER: B
TOP: Organ Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
36. Blood production is a function of which system?
a. Reproductive
b. Respiratory
c. Skeletal
d. Lymphatic
ANSWER: C
TOP: System Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
37. The dorsal cavity contains the:
a. brain and spinal cord.
b. heart and lungs.
c. reproductive organs.
d. digestive organs.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 12
38. The ventral cavity contains the:
a. thoracic and abdominope lvic cavitie s.
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b. heart and lungs only.
c. digestive and reproductive organs.
d. brain and spinal cord.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 12
39. The axial portion of the body consists of the:
a. arms, neck, and legs.
b. neck, torso, and arms.
c. torso, arms, legs, and head.
d. head, neck, and torso.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Body Regions
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 15
40. The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:
a. stomach.
b. pancreas.
c. heart.
d. reproductive organs.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 13
41. Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?
a. Heart
b. Intestines
c. Lungs
d. Spinal cord
ANSWER: B
TOP: Body Cavities
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 13
42. A sagittal section divides the body into
a. upper and lower
b. right and left
c. front and back
d. proximal and distal
portions.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Planes and Sections
43. A frontal section divides the body into
a. upper and lower
b. right and left
c. front and back
d. cortex and medullary
REF: p. 10
portions.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Planes and Sections
REF: p. 10
44. Axilla is a term referring to which body region?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Anterior elbow
Armpit
Posterior knee
Groin
N R I G B.C M
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ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Latin-based Descriptive Terms for Body Regions
REF: p. 15
45. The
tissue is not a major tissue of the body.
a. cutaneous
b. epithelial
c. connective
d. nervous
ANSWER: A
TOP: Tissue Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
46. “Apple-shaped” and “pear-shaped” usually describe subtypes of what major body type?
a. Mesomorph
b. Ectomorph
c. Endomorph
d. Polymorph
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Body Type and Disease
REF: p. 17, Connect It
47. Which of the following does not describe anatomical position?
a. Head pointing forward
b. Body standing erect
c. Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up
d. All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
TOP: Anatomical Position
Memorization
REF: p. 9
48. An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n):
a. system.
b. cell.
c. organelle.
d. tissue.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Organ Level
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 7
49. Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following?
a. The location of the heart and chambers of the heart
b. Muscles of the arms and legs
c. The nucleus of the cell
d. All of the above would be studied.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Anatomy
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 4
50. The parietal pleura covers t h eN:
a. lungs.
b. heart.
c. walls of the thoracic cavity.
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 13
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TOP: Body Cavities
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
of the organ.
51. The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called the
a. cortical part
b. lumen
c. medullary part
d. apical part
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Terms Related to Organs
REF: p. 9
52. The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called the
a. cortical part
b. lumen
c. medullary part
d. apical part
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
of the organ.
REF: p. 10
TOP: Terms Related to Organs
53. Which of the following is not a directional term of the body?
a. Apical
b. Proximal
c. Superficial
d. Deep
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Terms Related to Organs
REF: p. 9
54. What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface?
a. Deep
b. Distal
c. Proximal
d. Superficial
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 9
TOP: Directional Terms
55. An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the
abdominopelvic regions must be included?
a. Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac
b. Right hypochondriac, right lumbar, and right iliac
c. Right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac
d. Right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 13
TOP: Abdominopelvic Regions
56. As a nurse, you are assisting N
aU
phRyS
siIciN
anGwTitB
h.thC
eO
exMamination of a patient. The physician asks
you to tell the patient, who is lying on the examination table, to assume the anatomical
position. How would you instruct the patient to assume this position?
a. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing forward,
with hands and feet facing forward.
b. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing posteriorly,
with hands and feet facing forward.
c. Have the patient stand up and place his arms behind him, palms facing to the side,
with feet facing forward.
d. Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing down, with
feet facing forward.
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ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 8
TOP: Anatomical Position
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57. During a routine physical examination, a patient with an endomorphic somatotype with a
large waistline and overall “apple shape” should be advised that such a distribution of fat
may lead to what conditions?
a. Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and colitis
b. Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes
c. Heart disease, stroke, low blood pressure, and colitis
d. Prostate cancer, low blood pressure, and diabetes
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
TOP: Body Type and Disease
REF: p. 17, Connect It
58. If your reference point is “farthest from the trunk of the body” versus “nearest to the trunk of
the body,” where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle?
a. Distal
b. Proximal
c. Superficial
d. Superior
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 9
TOP: Directional Terms
59. The study of microscopic anatomy might include:
a. systemic anatomy.
b. cytology.
c. histology.
d. both B and C.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Anatomy
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 4
60. The structure that is called the “powerhouse” of the cell is the:
a. cytoplasm.
b. endoplasmic reticulum.
c. mitochondria.
d. Golgi apparatus.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Organization
REF: p. 7
61. How many main tissue typesN
aU
r eRfoSuIndNiG
nT
thB
e .huCmOaM
n body?
a. 4
b. 8
c. 11
d. 6
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Organization
62. The mediastinum is located in the
a. dorsal
b. abdominal
c. ventral
d. Both B and C are correct.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 7
cavity.
REF: p. 12
TOP: Body Cavities
63. Another term for posterior is:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
ventral.
dorsal.
inferior.
proximal.
Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Directional Terms
Memorization
REF: p. 9
64. The term most nearly opposite cortical would be:
a. peripheral.
b. apical.
c. medullary.
d. basal.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Terms Related to Organs
REF: p. 9
65. Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of:
a. excretion.
b. growth.
c. responsiveness.
d. secretion.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 5
TOP: Characteristics of Life
MATCHING
Match each organ to its corresponding system.
a. Respiratory
b. Digestive
c. Urinary
d. Reproductive
e. Endocrine
f. Cardiovascular
g. Integumentary
h. Muscular
i. Skeletal
j. Nervous
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Tendons
Pituitary gland
Skin
Capillaries
Ligaments
Spinal cord
Bronchial tree
Testes and ovaries
Large and small intestines
Ureters
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H
ANS Body Systems
WER:
TOP:
2. E
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
3. G
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
4.
F
ANSWER
:
1.
TOP: Body Systems
5. I
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
6. J
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
7. A
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
8. D
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
9. B
ANSWE Body Systems
R:
TOP:
10 C
. ANSWER: Body Systems
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
Match each term to its associated region.
a. Abdominal
b. Brachial
c. Cervical
d. Coxal
e. Cutaneous
f. Digital
g. Femoral
h. Lumbar
11. Thigh
12. Arm
13. Anterior torso
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
Lower back between ribs and pelvis
Fingers and toes
Hip
Skin
Neck
11 G
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
12 B
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
13 A
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
14 H
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
15 F
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
16 D
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
17 E
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
18 C
. ANSWER: Body Regions
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 16, Table 1-4
Match each term to its correct corresponding statement.
a. Superior
b. Inferior
c. Anterior
d. Posterior
e. Medial
f. Lateral
g. Proximal
h. Distal
i. Superficial
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
The great toe is
to the little toe.
The skin is
to the muscles beneath it.
The vertebrae are located on the
aspect of the body.
The hand is
to the shoulder.
The abdomen is
to the head.
The lungs are
to the intestines.
The nose is located on the
surface of the head.
The knee is
to the ankle.
The ear is on the
aspect of the head.
19. ANS
WER
20 :
.
TOP:
:
E
MeDmIFo:rization
ANS WER
DIF:
Directional Terms
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I
Mem
oriza
tion
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RE p. 9
F:
p. 9
RE F:
TOP: Directional Terms
21 ANS: D
DIF:
.
TOP: Directional Terms
22 ANS: H
DIF:
.
TOP: Directional Terms
DIF:
23. ANS: B
TOP: Directional Terms
DIF:
24. ANS: A
TOP: Directional Terms
25. ANS: C
DIF:
Memorization
REF:
p. 9
Memorization
REF:
p. 9
Memorization
REF: p. 9
Memorization
REF: p. 9
Memorization
REF: p. 9
NURSINGTB.COM
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Match each set of functions with its corresponding system or systems.
a. Reproduction and development
b. Processing, regulation, and maintenance
c. Outer protection
d. Support and movement
e. Communication, control, and integration
f. Transportation and defense
28. Nervous system
29. Muscular system and skeletal system
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30.
31.
32.
33.
Circulatory system and lymphatic system
Respiratory system, digestive system, and endocrine system
Reproductive system
Integumentary system
28 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
29 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
30 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
31 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
32 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
33 ANS
.
WER
:
TOP:
DIF:
E
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
D
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
F
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
B
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
DIF:
A
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
C
DIF:
Body Systems
Memorization
REF: p. 8, Table 1-2
Match each characteristic of life with the correct descriptive phrase.
a. Conductivity
b. Excretion
c. Growth
d. Circulation
e. Respiration
f. Responsiveness
g. Digestion
h. Absorption
NURSINGTB.COM
i. Secretion
j. Reproduction
34. Movement of digested nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract into body fluids for
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
transport to the cell
Permits an organism to sense, monitor, and respond to changes in the external environment
Production and release of specialized substances to support diverse body functions
Responsiveness and this characteristic are highly developed in nerve cells
Movement of body fluids and other substances from one part of the body to another
Removal of waste produced by many body functions
Comes about as a result of a normal increase in size or number of cells
Exchange of gases between the organism and the environment
Formation of new individuals
Process by which complex food substances are broken down into simple substances that can
be absorbed by the cells
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34. ANS
WER
:
TOP:
35 ANS
.
WER
:
H
DIF: Memorization
Characteristics of Life
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
DIF:
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
F
Memorization
Characteristics of Life
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
36 ANS I
.
WER
Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
37. ANS A
WER:
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
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TOP: Characteristics of Life
38. ANS D
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
39. ANS B
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
40. ANS C
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
41. ANS E
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
42. ANS J
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
43. ANS G
DIF: Memorization
WER Characteristics of Life
:
TOP:
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
REF: p. 5, Table 1-1
Match each term related to an organ to its definition or explanation.
a. Medullary
b. Basal
c. Apical
d. Cortical
e. Lumen
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Base or widest part of the organ
Outer region or layer of an organ
Hollow part of an organ or tube of the body
Inner region of an organ
Narrow part or point of an organ
p. 10
N UoRr i Sz aIt i oNnG T B.C O MREF:
44. ANSWER:
B
DIF: M e m
TOP: Terms Related to Organs
DIF: Memorization
45. ANS D
REF: p. 9
WER Terms Related to Organs
:
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
46. ANS E
REF: p. 9
WER Terms Related to Organs
:
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
47. ANS A
REF: p. 9
Terms
Related
to
Organs
WER
:
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
48. ANS C
REF: p. 10
Terms
Related
to Organs
WER
:
TOP:
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
Match each level of organization with its description.
a. Chemical
b. Organelle
c. Cellular
d. Tissue
e. Organ
f. System
g. Organism
49.
50.
51.
52.
Highest level of organization
Includes mitochondria
Composed of the smallest structure that possesses the basic characteristics of living matter
Level at which the tissues work together to perform a specific function
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53. Composed of macromolecules
54. Cells working together to perform a specific function
55. Level at which a group of organs work together to perform specific complex functions
DIF: Memorization
49. ANS G
WER Levels of Organization
:
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
50 ANS B
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 8
REF: p. 7
TOP:
51 ANS C
DIF: Memorization
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 7
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
52 ANS E
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 7
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
53 ANS A
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 6
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
54 ANS D
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 7
TOP:
DIF: Memorization
55 ANS F
.
WER
Levels of Organization
:
REF: p. 7
TOP:
OTHER
1. In simple terms, what are the characteristics of life?
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p.N
5
P:.C
ChOarMacteristics of Life
URSINGTO
TB
2. Discuss the principle of complementarity of structure and function.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 16
TOP: Interaction of Structure and Function
3. Explain one way in which culture has affected science. Explain one way in which science has
affected culture.
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ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 3
TOP: Science and Society
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4. Describe the levels of organization from chemical to system.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 6
TOP: Levels of Organization
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5. Describe anatomical position. Give examples of structures that are ipsilateral and contralateral
to each other.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 8
TOP: Anatomical Position
6. List the directional terms, and use them to describe the relationship between two structures in
the body.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 9
TOP: Anatomical Directions
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Chapter 02: Homeostasis
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 21st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Of the 11 major body systems, which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis?
a. Circulatory
b. Endocrine
c. Lymphatic
d. Reproductive
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 25, Table 2-1
TOP: Homeostatic Functions of Body Systems
2. Homeostasis can best be described as:
a. a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms.
b. a state of relative constancy.
c. adaptation to the external environment.
d. changes in body temperature.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 31
TOP: Homeostasis
3. The normal reading or range of normal is called the:
a. sensor point.
b. set point.
c. effector point.
NURSINGTB.COM
d. integrator point.
ANSWER: B
TOP: Set Point
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 24
4. Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?
a. Effector mechanism
b. Transmitter
c. Sensor
d. Integrating center
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms
REF: p. 27
5. The body’s thermostat is located in the:
a. heart.
b. cerebellum.
c. pituitary.
d. hypothalamus.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms
REF: p. 27
6. The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of
a. negative
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feedback.
Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
b. positive
c. inhibitory
d. deviating
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Positive Feedback in Control Systems
REF: p. 29
7. Negative-feedback mechanisms:
a. minimize changes in blood glucose levels.
b. maintain homeostasis.
c. are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is
higher than body temperature.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Negative Feedback in Control Systems
REF: p. 28
8. Pathogenesis can be defined as:
a. a specific disease.
b. a group of diseases.
c. the course of disease development.
d. a subgroup of viruses.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
TOP: Disease Terminology
Memorization
REF: p. 32
9. Isno tm
raect eim
llue slabr yp a rlaispiotepsrothteaitn ceonnvsei lsot poef aDreNcAalolerdR:NA surrounded by a protein coat and
a.
b.
c.
d.
viruses.
bacteria.
fungi.
protozoa
.
N R I G B.C M
USNT
O
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
REF: p. 34
10. The term that literally means self-immunity is:
a. autoimmunity.
b. homoimmunity.
c. passive immunity.
d. active immunity.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
11. Epidemiology is the study of the
a. occurrence
b. distribution
c. transmission
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
TOP: Disease Terminology
Memorization
REF: p. 34
of diseases in human populations.
REF: p. 32
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12. Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease?
a. Environment
b. Stress
c. Lifestyle
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
REF: pp. 34-35
13. Negative-feedback control systems:
a. oppose a change.
b. accelerate a change.
c. have no effect on the deviation from set point.
d. establish a new set point.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Negative Feedback in Control Systems
REF: p. 28
14. Positive-feedback control systems:
a. have no effect on the deviation from set point.
b. accelerate a change.
c. ignore a change.
d. do not exist in human systems.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Positive Feedback in Control Mechanisms
REF: p. 28
bU
odRyS
teImNpG
era
ur.e C
baO
ckMto normal would be an example of:
15. Shivering to try to raise yourN
TtB
a. the body trying to maintain homeostasis.
b. a positive-feedback mechanism.
c. a negative-feedback mechanism.
d. both A and C.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 27
TOP: Negative Feedback in Control Systems
16. Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the
cause of mad cow disease?
a. Virus
b. Bacteria
c. Prion
d. Protozoan
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Pathogenic Organisms
REF: p. 33
17. Of the pathogenic organisms, which of the following are the most complex?
a. Viruses
b. Tapeworms
c. Bacteria
d. Protozoa
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ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Pathogenic Organisms
REF: p. 34
18. If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative-feedback control loop,
what effect would it have on uterine contractions?
a. Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions.
b. Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
c. There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions.
d. Uterine contractions would initially be weak and then gain strength after the
release of the hormone.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 28
TOP: Positive Feedback in Control Systems
19. Intrinsic control:
a. usually involves the endocrine or nervous system.
b. operates at the cellular level.
c. is sometimes called autoregulation.
d. operates at the system or organism level.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Levels of Homeostatic Control
REF: p. 31
MATCHING
Match each term with its corresponding definition or explanation
a. Prion
b. Tumor
NURSINGTB.COM
c. Fungi
d. Gene mutation
e. Bacteria
f. Virus
g. Protozoa
1. An intracellular parasite that consists of an RNA or DNA core surrounded by a protein coat
2. A type of protein that converts normal protein in the nervous system into abnormal proteins
that cause loss of function
3. A tiny, primitive cell that lacks a nucleus and can cause infection
4. An abnormal growth or neoplasm
5. Altered DNA that causes abnormal proteins to be made that do not perform their
intended function
6. A one-celled organism whose DNA is organized into a nucleus that can parasitize human
tissue
7. Simple organisms that are similar to plants but lack chlorophyll, which allows plants to make
their own food; because these organisms cannot make their own food, they parasitize human
tissue
1. ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
2. ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 34
REF: p. 33
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TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
DIF:
Memorization
3. E
ANSWE Basic Mechanisms of Disease
R:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
4. B
Basic
Mechanisms
of
Disease
ANSWE
R:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
5. D
Basic
Mechanisms
of
Disease
ANSWE
R:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
6. G
Basic
Mechanisms
of
Disease
ANSWE
R:
TOP:
DIF:
Memorization
7. C
Basic
Mechanisms
of
Disease
ANSWE
R:
TOP:
REF: p. 34
REF: p. 34
REF: p. 33
REF: p. 34
REF: p. 34
SHORT ANSWER
1. Diagram a homeostatic control mechanism, including the three basic components.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 26
TOP: Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
2. How does childbirth demonstrate positive feedback?
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p.N
29 R I GT OB
P :. PCo s iM
t ive Feedback in Control Systems
USNT
O
3. Give an example of how categories of risk factors or predisposing conditions could overlap.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 34-35
TOP: Basic Mechanisms of Disease
4. Explain the feed-forward control system, and give an example of one in the body.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 34
TOP: Feed-Forward in Control Systems
ESSAY
1. Give an example of a system, either living or nonliving, that is designed to maintain a
relatively constant condition by using a negative-feedback mechanism. Explain briefly how
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the system works to accomplish this.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary.
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DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 28-29
TOP: Basic Components of Control Mechanisms
2. Explain how your set point can change under varying circumstances.
ANSWER:
Answers will vary
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: pp. 29-30
TOP: Changing the Set Point
NURSINGTB.COM
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
Chapter 03: Chemistry of Life
Patton: Anatomy and Physiology, 21st Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following represents a trace element in the body?
a. Sulfur
b. Chlorine
c. Iron
d. Phosphorus
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 40, Table 3-1
2. The kind of element is determined by the number of:
a. protons.
b. neutrons.
c. mesotrons.
d. electrons.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
REF: p. 41
3. Atomic mass is determined by the number of:
a. protons and electrons.
b. neutrons and electrons.
c. neutrons, protons, and eleNcU
t roRnS
s.INGTB.C OM
d. protons and neutrons.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
REF: p. 41
4. Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is:
a. two.
b. four.
c. six.
d. eight.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 41-42
TOP: Energy Levels
5. The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
6. A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n):
a. orbital.
b. proton.
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c. neutron.
d. electron.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
Memorization
REF: p. 40, Table 3-1
7. When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share:
a. electrons.
b. protons.
c. neutrons.
d. nuclei.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Attractions Between Atoms
8. An ionic bond is formed by:
a. two or more positive ions combining.
b. two or more negative ions combining.
c. a positive and a negative ion attracting each other.
d. sharing of a pair of electrons.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 43-44
TOP: Ionic Bonds
9. An example of an element would be:
a. Ne.
b. CO2.
c. C6H12O6.
d. H2O.
C. 4 0M, Table 3-1
ANSWER: A
DIF: ApNpU
licR
aS
tioIn NGRT
EB
F:.p
TOP: Elements and Compounds
10. An isotope of an element contains different numbers of
from other atoms of the same
element.
a. electrons
b. protons
c. neutrons
d. both protons and neutrons
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Isotopes
11. The study of metabolism includes examination of:
a. catabolism.
b. anabolism.
c. ATP requirements.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
12. An example of a catabolic process is:
a. hydrolysis.
b. dehydration synthesis.
c. formation of a peptide bond.
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d. both B and C.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
13. Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element?
a. Hydrogen
b. Helium
c. Oxygen
d. Carbon
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 42
TOP: Attractions Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds
14. The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of:
a. one proton.
b. one proton and one neutron.
c. two protons and one neutron.
d. one proton and two neutrons.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Isotopes
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42, Figure 3-7
15. Which of the following bonds are the weakest?
a. Ionic
b. Hydrogen
c. Electrovalent
d. Covalent
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
N R I GTB.COM
U SN
Memorization
REF: p. 44
16. The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is
called a(n)
reaction.
a. reversible
b. exchange
c. synthesis
d. decomposition
ANSWER: C
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
Memorization
REF: p. 45
17. The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?
a. Synthesis
b. Decomposition
c. Exchange
d. Reversible
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
18. Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called:
a. acids.
b. bases.
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c. buffers.
d. salts.
ANSWER: B
TOP: Bases
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 49
19. Acids:
a. are proton donors.
b. taste sour.
c. release hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution.
d. All of the above are true of acids.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 48
TOP: Acids
20. A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions
(H+) is a(n)
solution.
a. acidic
b. alkaline (basic)
c. neutral
d. Not enough information is given to determine the character of the solution.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 49
TOP: Bases
21. In the presence of a base, red litmus paper will:
a. stay red.
b. turn blue.
c. turn green.
d. turn yellow.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
N R I GTB.COM
U SN
Memorization
REF: p. 49, Figure 3-14
22. The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are):
a. air.
b. water.
c. proteins.
d. nucleic acids.
ANSWER: B
TOP: Water
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 47
23. Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult is water?
a. 40%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 70%
ANSWER: B
TOP: Water
DIF:
Memorization
24. AB + CD
AD + CB is an example of a(n)
a. synthesis
b. exchange
REF: p. 47
_ reaction.
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c. decomposition
d. reversible
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 47
TOP: Chemical Reactions
25. Which of the following represents properties of water?
a. High specific heat
b. High heat of vaporization
c. Strong polarity
d. All of the above
ANSWER: D
DIF:
TOP: Properties of Water
Synthesis
REF: p. 48, Table 3-2
26. The approximate pH of gastric fluid is:
a. 10.
b. 8.
c. 4.
d. 2.
ANSWER: D
TOP: The pH Scale
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 49
27. The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called:
a. hydrolysis.
b. oxidation.
c. decomposition.
d. dehydration synthesis.
NURSINGREF:
TB.Cp.O46M
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Synthesis
TOP: Anabolism
28. The study of metabolism includes examination of:
a. catabolism.
b. anabolism.
c. ATP requirements.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: D
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
29. An example of a catabolic process is:
a. hydrolysis.
b. dehydration synthesis.
c. formation of a peptide bond.
d. both B and C.
ANSWER: A
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
30. Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body?
a. Oxygen
b. Zinc
c. Carbon
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d. Potassium
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 40, Table 3-1
31. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle?
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Radon
d. Neutron
ANSWER: C
DIF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
Memorization
REF: p. 40, Table 3-1
32. The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of:
a. neutrons orbiting the atom.
b. protons plus the number of neutrons in its nucleus.
c. protons in its nucleus.
d. ions in its nucleus.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Energy Levels
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 41
33. An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains
electrons.
a. eight
b. nine
c. two
N R I G B.C M
d. Both A and C are correct. U S N T
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Synthesis
O
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
34. Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the:
a. sharing of electrons between molecules.
b. donation of protons from one atom to another.
c. transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
d. acceptance of neutrons from one atom by another.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Ionic Bonds
35. Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called:
a. ionic.
b. covalent.
c. hydrogen.
d. isotopic.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Covalent Bonds
Memorization
REF: p. 44
36. The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _
a. synthesis
b. decomposition
c. exchange
reaction.
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d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to require energy.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
Memorization
REF: p. 45
37. The elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up which percentage of the
human body?
a. 50%
b. 69%
c. 78%
d. 96%
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 52
38. Which subatomic particles carry a charge?
a. Protons and neutrons
b. Neutrons and electrons
c. Protons and electrons
d. Neutrons only
ANSWER: C
DIF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
Memorization
REF: pp. 40-41
39. The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8, which means it contains:
a. four protons and four neutrons.
b. eight protons.
c. eight neutrons.
N R I G B.C M
d. four protons and four elect rUonsS
.NT
O
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Synthesis
REF: p. 41
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
40. For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion, it must:
a. gain an electron.
b. gain a proton.
c. lose an electron.
d. lose a proton.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Ionic Bonds
REF: p. 44
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
41. A molecule that is polar:
a. can form a hydrogen bond.
b. must be ionic.
c. has an unequal charge.
d. is both A and C.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
42. The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a:
a. hydrogen bond.
b. synthesis reaction.
c. decomposition reaction.
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d. None of the above is correct.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
43. Electrolytes are:
a. organic compounds.
b. called cations if they have a negative charge.
c. called cations if they have a positive charge.
d. both A and B.
ANSWER: C
TOP: Electrolytes
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 48
44. A weak acid:
a. dissociates very little in solution.
b. dissociates almost completely in solution.
c. will cause the pH of the solution to rise above 7.
d. does both B and C.
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 48
TOP: Acids and Bases
45. Salts:
a. can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases.
b. are electrolytes.
c. will form crystals if the water is removed.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 50
TOP: Salts
NURSINGTB.COM
46. Hydrolysis
a water molecule.
a. joins compounds by removing
b. breaks down compounds by removing
c. joins compounds by adding
d. breaks down compounds by adding
ANSWER: D
TOP: Catabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
47. As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases, the:
a. solution becomes more basic.
b. solution becomes more acidic.
c. pH rises.
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 48
TOP: Acids and Bases
48. As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases, the:
a. solution becomes more basic.
b. solution becomes more acidic.
c. pH rises.
d. Both A and C are correct.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 49
TOP: Acids and Bases
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49. A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12, an atomic mass of 25, and a +2 charge. This
atom would contain
protons,
neutrons, and
a. 12; 25; 2
b. 12; 13; 14
c. 12; 13; 10
d. Not enough information is given to answer the question.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 41
electrons.
TOP: Atomic Structure
50. The octet rule refers to the:
a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight.
b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than
protons.
d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Energy Levels
51. The type of reaction most likely to release energy is a(n)
reaction.
a. synthesis
b. decomposition
c. exchange
d. All of the above reactions are equally likely to release energy.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
52. Which of the following is not true of all isotopes of oxygen?
a. They can all react with twN
oUhR
ydSroIgN
enGaTtoBm.s toOform water.
b. They have the same number of protons.
c. They have the same atomic mass.
d. All of the above are true of isotopes of oxygen.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Isotopes
53. Hydrogen can form only when the hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to:
a. an oxygen atom.
b. a nitrogen atom.
c. a fluorine.
d. any of the above.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Attractions Between Molecules/Hydrogen Bonds
REF: pp. 44-45
54. A strong acid:
a. holds on strongly to its hydrogen atoms, releasing very few in solution.
b. would cause a drop in the pH of a solution.
c. would cause a rise in the pH of a solution.
d. is both A and C.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 48
TOP: Acids
55. If the pH of a person’s blood is 7.4, it would be described as:
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a.
b.
c.
d.
strongly acidic.
neutral.
slightly acidic.
slightly alkaline.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 48
TOP: Bases
56. When sodium (Na) gives up an electron to chlorine, the result is the formation of a sodium ion
(Na+) with a positive charge. This happens because there is then one more
a. proton; electron
b. electron; proton
c. proton; neutron
d. electron; neutron
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 44
than
TOP: Ionic Bonds
57. If an atom with a total of nine electrons were to ionically bond with an atom with a total of
three electrons, what would occur?
a. The atom with nine electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom.
b. The atom with nine electrons would lose one of its electrons, and the atom with
three electrons would accept it.
c. The atom with nine electrons would accept one of the electrons from the atom with
three electrons.
d. The atom with three electrons would share one of its electrons with the other atom.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 43-44
TOP: Ionic Bonds
58. The carbon-containing molecNulesR fo rm
d b yBli.vC
in g M
things are often called:
I eG
a. buffers.
USNT
O
b. inorganic molecules.
c. organic molecules.
d. salts.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Application
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
REF: p. 47
59. The term that is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells is:
a. catabolism.
b. metabolism.
c. synthesis.
d. anabolism.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 46
TOP: Metabolism
60. When your body is building larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller
subunits, what is occurring?
a. Anabolic reactions that expend energy
b. Anabolic reactions that require energy
c. Catabolic reactions that expend energy
d. Catabolic reactions that require energy
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 46
TOP: Metabolism
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Anthony’s Textbook of Anatomy & Physiology 21st
61. Which type of radiation consists of an electron that is released by the nucleus of an atom?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It
REF: p. 42, Connect It
62. Which type of radiation consists of electromagnetic radiation, a form of light energy?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma
ANSWER: D
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It
REF: p. 42, Connect It
63. Which type of radiation consists of two protons and two neutrons?
a. Alpha
b. Beta
c. Delta
d. Gamma
ANSWER: A
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It
REF: p. 42, Connect It
64. A + B
AB is an example oNf a (Rn) I GreBact
io n.M
.C
a. decomposition
U SNT
O
b. reversible
c. exchange
d. Both A and B are correct.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
Memorization
REF: p. 46
65. The octet rule refers to the:
a. stability of the nucleus when the protons are in a multiple of eight.
b. stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level.
c. stable configuration of the nucleus when there are eight more neutrons than
protons.
d. principle that one atom can combine with a maximum of eight other atoms.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
66. The “coat” of water that forms around charged solutes is often called a(n):
a. dehydration shell.
b. hydration shell.
c. colloid.
d. aqueous solution.
ANSWER: B
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Solutions and Colloids
REF: p. 47
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67. Particles slightly larger than molecules can become dispersed in water without settling out.
This type of watery mixture is called a(n):
a. solvent.
b. solute.
c. colloid.
d. aqueous solution.
ANSWER: C
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Solutions and Colloids
REF: p. 47
68. The body can dissipate excess heat and maintain normal temperature by evaporation of
water by the property of:
a. transportation.
b. specific heat.
c. polarity.
d. heat of vaporization.
ANSWER: D
DIF:
TOP: Properties of Water
Application
REF: p. 48, Table 3-2
TRUE/FALSE
1. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom determines its atomic mass.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
REF: p. 41
NURSINGTB.COM
2. The positively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the nucleus of an atom.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
TOP: Atomic Structure
Memorization
REF: p. 40, Table 3-1
3. Two shared pairs of electrons represent a single covalent bond.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 44
TOP: Covalent Bonds
4. The digestion of food is an example of a decomposition reaction.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
5. The number and arrangement of electrons orbiting in an atom’s outer shell determine its
chemical activity.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 41
TOP: Energy Levels
6. An atom is chemically inert if its outermost shell has two pairs of electrons.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
7. An isotope of an element contains the same number of neutrons but different numbers of
protons.
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ANS: F
TOP: Isotopes
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 42
8. Electrovalent and ionic bonds are the same.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Ionic Bonds
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 43
9. Radiation results from the breaking apart of the nucleus of an atom.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Radioactivity/Connect It
REF: p. 42, Connect It
10. Radioactivity can cause an atom of one element to change to that of another element.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Radioactivity
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 42, Connect It
11. Gamma radiation has less mass than alpha or beta radiation.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Radioactivity
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42, Connect It
12. A substance that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added is called a buffer.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 50
TOP: Buffers
N R I G B.C M
13. The chemical reaction of an a cU
id wSith N
a baT
se w
ill O
pr oduce a salt and water.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 50
TOP: Salts
14. Water acts as a very effective solvent.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Water
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 47
15. Electrolytes include acids, bases, and salts.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Electrolytes
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 48
16. By definition, inorganic compounds do not contain carbon.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
REF: p. 47
17. Electrolytes are characterized by having either a positive or a negative charge.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Electrolytes
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 48
18. Acids are electrolytes that produce OH+ ions.
NURSINGTB.COM
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ANSWER: F
TOP: Acids
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 48
19. pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
ANSWER: T
TOP: The pH Scale
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 49
20. Metabolism includes the processes of both anabolism and catabolism.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
21. ATP is broken down in an anabolic reaction.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 46
TOP: Catabolism
22. Catabolism and anabolism are major types of metabolic activity.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Metabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
23. Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic bond.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Ionic Bonds
24. The digestion of food is an exNamR
p le of
I aGs y nBt he. Cs i s rMeaction.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
USNT
Synthesis
O
REF: p. 46
TOP: Chemical Reactions
25. The pH scale indicates the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
Memorization
REF: p. 49
26. Litmus paper will turn red in the presence of a base.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
TOP: Acids and Bases
Memorization
REF: p. 49
27. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
REF: p. 41
28. The mass of a proton is almost exactly equal to the mass of an electron.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
REF: p. 41
29. Hydrogen will react with other atoms to get eight electrons in its outer energy level.
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ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: pp. 41-42
TOP: Energy Levels
30. A double covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 44
TOP: Covalent Bonds
31. Synthesis reactions release energy for use by the cell.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
Memorization
REF: p. 47
32. Electrolytes dissociate to form ions.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Electrolytes
33. As the hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value increases.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 49
TOP: Acids and Bases
34. Chemistry can be defined as the science that deals with the structure, arrangement, and
composition of substances and the reactions they undergo.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Introduction
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 39
35. The nucleus of the atom will always have a positive charge.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
ApNplicRationI GREFB:.p. 4M
1
USNT
TOP: Atomic Structure
O
36. If an atom has an atomic number of 12 and an atomic mass of 25, it must have 13 neutrons.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
TOP: Atomic Number and Atomic Mass
REF: p. 41
37. Consider an atom that has an atomic mass of 18. For it to be electrically neutral, it must have
18 electrons.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 41
TOP: Atomic Structure, Atomic Number, and Atomic Mass
38. Atoms become positively charged by gaining protons.
ANSWER: F
TOP: Ionic Bonds
DIF:
Memorization
REF: pp. 43-44
39. Inorganic compounds do not play an important role in living systems.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
REF: p. 47
40. Acids release protons in solution.
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ANSWER: T
TOP: Acids
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 48
41. The “aliveness” of a living organism depends on the mixture of elements of which it is made.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 40
42. Four elements are considered to be the major elements in the body.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 39
43. Dalton named the atom after the Greek word for invisible.
ANSWER: F
TOP: Atoms
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 40
44. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 electrons.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 40
TOP: Atoms
45. A neutral atom that has 22 protons must have 22 neutrons.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 40
TOP: Atoms
46. A neutral atom that has 22 protons could have 25 neutrons.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
N R I G B.C M
Ap pU
licaS
tion N RT
EF: p. O
40
TOP: Atoms
47. Oxygen has eight electrons, but only six of them are in its outermost energy level.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
48. Hydrogen bonds between atoms do not form molecules or compounds.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Attractions Between Molecules
REF: p. 44
49. According to the general formula, in synthesis reactions, the number of reactants is usually
greater than the number of products.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
50. According to the general formula, in decomposition reactions, the number of reactants is
usually greater than the number of products.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
51. According to the general formula, in exchange reactions, the number of reactants and the
number of products are usually equal.
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ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 45
TOP: Chemical Reactions
52. A solution with a pH of 6 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 4.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 49
TOP: The pH Scale
53. A solution with a pH of 3 has 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 5.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 49
TOP: The pH Scale
54. Because oxygen has eight electrons, it has achieved its octet and will not react with other
elements.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 42
TOP: Energy Levels
55. Trace elements in the body make up about 1% of the body weight.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Elements and Compounds
REF: p. 39
56. The atomic number of an atom determines its identity.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
TOP: Atomic Number and Mass Number
REF: p. 41
57. An ionic bond forms crystals whereas a covalent bond forms molecules.
ANSWER: T
DIF: MN
emoR
rization
I T G B.CM O
U
S
N
TOP: Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds
REF: pp. 43-44
58. Electrons surround the nucleus of an atom in areas of probability rather than in defined orbits.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Energy Levels
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 41
59. The idea that electrons are found in areas of probability distribution around the nucleus was
first proposed by Niels Bohr.
ANSWER: F
TOP: Energy Levels
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 41
60. The term atomic weight refers to the average mass number for a particular element based on
the typical proportions of different isotopes found in nature.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Isotopes
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 42
61. A molecule can be an element or a compound.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 43
TOP: Attractions Between Atoms—Chemical Bonds
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62. There cannot be an electrically neutral ion.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Application
REF: p. 44
TOP: Ionic Bonds
63. Ions gain or lose electrons to try to attain four pairs of electrons in their outermost energy
level.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Ionic Bonds
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 44
64. Hydrogen bonds form as a result of the attraction between polar molecules.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
TOP: Hydrogen Bonds
Memorization
REF: pp. 44-45
65. In a formula for a chemical reaction, the substances on the right of the arrow are referred to as
products.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
TOP: Chemical Reactions
Memorization
REF: p. 45
66. A type of chemical reaction called hydrolysis is an example of an anabolic reaction.
ANSWER: F
TOP: Catabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
67. During catabolic reactions, some of the energy is released as heat to help keep the body warm.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Catabolism
DIF:
N R I G B.C M
U
MemorizSatioN
n T
O
REF: p. 46
68. A type of chemical reaction called dehydration synthesis is an example of an anabolic
reaction.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Anabolism
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 46
69. A few inorganic compounds contain both C-C bonds but no inorganic compound has a C-H
bond.
ANSWER: F
DIF:
Memorization
TOP: Organic and Inorganic Compounds
REF: p. 47
70. Fifty percent or more of a normal adult’s body weight is water.
ANSWER: T
TOP: Water
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 47
71. One of the functions of water in the body is that of helping to maintain a constant body
temperature.
ANSWER: T
DIF:
Memorization
REF: p. 47
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