2024
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
WORKSHOP
GRADE 9
TERM 1
MANUAL
GRADE 8
TERM 3+4
INDEX
TERM 3
ITEM
PAGE
1.
Workshop Programme
4
2.
Annual Teaching Plan
5
3.
Monitoring tool for content coverage
6-7
4.
SUPPORT MATERIAL:
4.1
Teaching tips for term 3
8-9
4.2
Summary of topics
10-16
4.3
INFORMAL ACTIVITIES
4.3.1 Activities
17-24
4.3.2 Marking guidelines
25-30
4.4
Glossary of terms
31-32
5.
ASSESSMENT
5.1
Programme of Assessment
33
5.2
Blooms Taxonomy and analysis grid
34-35
5.3
Guidelines for setting Term 3 project
36
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
2
TERM 4
6.
Annual Teaching Plan
37
7.
Monitoring tool for content coverage
38-39
8.
SUPPORT MATERIAL5
8.1
Teaching tips
40-41
8.2
Summary of topics
42-44
8.3
Informal activities
8.3.1 Activities
45-58
8.3.2 Marking guidelines
59-66
8.4
Glossary of terms
67
9.
ASSESSMENT
9.1
Framework for setting November paper 1+2
68-69
9.2
Question analysis for November test in order to draft SPIP
70-71
9.3
Recording sheets
72-73
9.3
SPIP format to be completed per term
74
9.4
Annexures
75-78
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
3
LitikoleTemfundvoUmnyangoweFundoDepartement van OnderwysUmnyangowezeMfundoLefapha la Thuto
GR. 8 WORKSHOP PROGRAMME FOR TERM 3 (2024)
1.
OPENING AND WELCOME
2.
PURPOSE OF THE WORKSHOP
3.
ITEM ANALYSIS
4.
SUBJECT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLAN (SPIP)
5.
EXPECTATIONS FOR 2024 (TERM 3+4)
5.1
UNPACKING CONTENT FOR TERM 3 + 4
• Annual Teaching Plan - Term 3 + 4
• Monitoring tool for content coverage v/s ATP
5.2
ASSESSMENT
• Informal: (2 activities per week.)
• Formal: As per Annual Assessment programme
• Guidelines for setting of a project for term 3
• Framework for setting of quality November Exam papers
5.3
RECORDING IN EMS
• Recording in both SA-SAMS and EMS recording sheet
5.4
6.
MODERATION
• School based moderation (SBA)
• District/provincial based moderation
SAMPLING OF SCRIPTS FOR ANALYSIS
7.
ANNOUNCEMENTS AND CLOSURE
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
4
Week 1
Week2:
Week 3
Week4:
2023/24 ANNUAL TEACHING PLANS – ECONOMIIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES: GRADE 8 (TERM 3)
Week5:
Week 6
Week7:
Week 8:
Week 9:
CAPS TOPICS
Entrepreneurship
s
Forms of
ownership
Entrepreneurships Entrepreneurships Entrepreneurship
Forms of
Forms of ownership
Forms of
ownership
ownership
CORE
CONCEPTS
,SKILLS
Sole Trader
Partnership
Characteristics
Private
Public
Companies
Characteristics
REQUISITE PRE- Sole trader
Partnership
KNOWLEDGE
Private and
Public
companies
RESOURCES Grade 8 item Grade 8
(OTHER THAN bank
TEXTBOOKS)T
item bank Tips
O ENHANCE
for teachers
Tips for
LEARNING
Lesson plans
teachers
Lesson plans
Informal
Home work Home work
assessment
Class work Class work
Case Studies Case Studies
Financial literacy Cash Financial literacy Cash Financial literacy
Payments Journal
Accounting
Payments Journal
(Service documents
Equation
(Service business)
used)
Financial Literacy
The Economy
Cash Receipts Journal Markets
& Cash Payments
Journals
Comparison of The role of forms Formats and uses Entering of cash
Effect of Cash
Entering combined
the four forms of of ownership in of the columns.
transactions in the
transactions on the CPJ Payments on the
ownership
Accounting Equation CRJ & CPJ
sustainable job Source documents
Closing off CRJ &
Characteristics creation and use used
CPJ
of natural
Effect of cash
resources
transactions on the
Equation.
Characteristics Their role in
Concepts of CPJ Source
Cash Payments
CPJ and CRJ
sustainable job
documents
Journal
creation
Grade 8 item
bank Tips for
teachers
Lesson plans
Grade 8
Grade 8 item
bank
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Class test
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Projects
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Week 10
The Economy
Markets
Types of Markets
Factor markets
(Labour and
Financial market)
Types of Markets
(Goods and services
markets)
Types of markets Factor Markets
Grade 8 item bank Grade 8 item bank Grade 8 item bank Grade 8 item bank Grade 8 item bank
Tips for teachers Tips for teachers Tips for teachers Tips for teachers
Lesson plans
Lesson plans
Lesson plans
item bank Tips
Tips for teachers Lesson plans
for teachers
Tips for teachers Lesson plans
,Lesson plans Lesson plans
SBA
(Formal
Assessment)
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
Project/Case Study
Marks: 50
Week: 8-9
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Week
11
5
Home work
Class work
Case Studies
REVISION
TERM 3
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
MONITORING TOOL FOR CONTENT COVERAGE
GRADE 8
TERM 3
Expected week
curriculum coverage
NAME OF SCHOOL
Actual week curriculum
coverage
Teacher:
Surname & initials
Number of Gr 8
learners
Term and date of
visit
Percentage curriculum
coverage
Week no. (of visit)
NB: Minimum of 2 informal activities per week
TERM 3 TOPICS
WEEK
TOPICS AND CONTENT
TOPICS
Completed
Week
Entrepreneurship:
Forms of ownership
Activities
(Expected/Actual
Y
N
EXP.
ACT.
)
(All sub-topics and cognitive
levels covered. Progression
visible per topic e.g., tasks per
topic from easier to more
complex.)
[8]
1
Sole trader, Partnerships
Definitions and characteristics
2
2
Private and Public Companies
Definitions and Characteristics
2
3
Comparison of the four forms of
ownership.(Characteristics)
2
4
The role of forms of ownership in
sustainable job creation and use of
natural resources.
2
Financial Literacy:
Cash
Payments Journal of a service
business
QUALITY
NUMBER OF
INFORMAL
[8]
Formats and uses of the columns.
Source documents used
5
6
2
Entering of cash transactions on the
Cash Payments Journal
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
2
6
7
8
Entering of cash transactions on the
Accounting Equation (Payments)
2
Entering combined transactions in the
CRJ and CPJ. Closing off of CRJ and
CPJ. Effect of cash transactions on
the Accounting Equation
2
Week The Economy
Markets
9
[5]
Types of Markets
Factor Market
(labour and financial markets)
1
FORMAL ASSESSMENT:
Case study /Project on CRJ , CPJ
and forms of ownerships
10
11
Case study/Project: 50
marks
Types of markets
(Goods and Services)
2
1
REVISION
Informal test
TOTAL NUMBER OF ACTIVITIES
Use of EMS support material
20
Yes
No
Remarks
Use of glossary
EMS Accounting posters
Radio lessons
Use of activities from the manual
Accounting workbooks
FINDINGS / COMMENTS:
1. ________________________________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
SIGNATURE
DATE
TEACHER
PRINCIPAL/ HOD
OFFICIAL
School stamp
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
7
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
MEDIATION OF ATPs AND PROGRAMME OF ASSESSMENT –
2024 GRADE 8 - TERM 3
WEEK
TOPIC
General tips
for all grades
TEACHING TIPS
Structuring of learners’ workbooks:
1. It is advisable to cover all EMS workbooks together as one. This way
learners will always have the correct workbook at school.
2. Begin each term with a front page which indicate the term and the major
topics that will be treated during the term.
3. Learners should write down the definitions from the glossaries, for the
concepts taught during the lesson.
4. Make sure learners write the following before they do any written work:
4.1 The date
4.2 The main topic, e.g. Cash Receipts Journal
4.3 The sub-topic, e.g. Source documents used to complete the CRJ.
This will make it easier to count the number of activities per topic when
monitoring content coverage.
Informal assessment:
5. Plan the number of activities per topic, by following the guidelines on the
“Monitoring tool for content coverage and informal assessment”. E.g. for
Cash Journals and equation 6-7 activities are expected for the 6 hours
prescribed.
6. Plan for at least 2 informal activities per week
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
RESOURCES
1 exercise book 8 money
column and Double Ledger.
ATP
EMS glossaries in the
TERM 3 and 4 workshop
manual.
Monitoring tool for content
coverage and informal
assessment – Term 3 and 4
8
Week 1-4
8 hours
Week 5-7
6 hours
Week 8
2 hours
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Forms of ownership
FINANCIAL
LITERACY
Cash Payments Journal
and Equation
FINANCIAL
LITERACY
Cash Receipts Journal
and Cash Payment
Journal
Week 9-10
4 hours
The Economy
Markets
Week 11
2 hours
Revision
Name the factors that must be considered when choosing a form of
ownership
 Define the different forms of ownership
 Give learners a case study to select the best form of ownership and
justify the reasons for selection
 Explain the characteristics
 Distinguish/ tabulate/ compare different forms of ownership
Explain the role of different forms of ownership in sustainable job
creation
 Payments made are recorded in the Cash Payment Journal
 In Grade 8 we focus on the CPJ of a service business
 Each amount should be written twice in the CPJ: once in the bank
column, as the total of the purchases, as well as in one of the
analysis columns.
 Show the effect of cash payments on the accounting equation
 The following information is recorded in the journals: the document
number, date of transactions, parties involved in the transactions,
amount involved and the reason for the transactions.
 The following information is taken from the source documents and
recorded in the journals: date of transactions, the document number,
parties involved in the transactions, amount involved and accounts
affected.
 Goods and services in the grade 7 term 1 content and factors of
production, form part of prior knowledge.
 Illustrate on the board the interaction between the goods and
services market as well as the factor market.


Give an informal test as a form of revision for all the content for
Term 3. NB Test not to be recorded as it is Informal.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Examples of local
businesses Information
on relevant statistics
Previous Term 3
manuals
Previous Term 3
workshop manuals
Examples of various
source documents.
Accounting House
Previous Term 3
workshop manuals
Examples of various
source documents
Text book
Term 3+4 Manual
Text book
Term 3+4 Manual
9
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
FORMS OF OWNERSHIPS
CRITERIA
SOLE TRADER
PARTNERSHIP
PRIVATE OMPANY
PUBLIC
Name of business
No legal
requirements
No legal requirements
The name of the
business must end with
(PTY) Ltd
The name of the
business must end with
Ltd
Management
Managed by the
owner
Partners share the
management
responsibilities between
partners
One director or a board of A minimum of three
directors are responsible directors are required for
for the daily operations.
the overall management.
Number of owners
One owner
A minimum of two
partners and no
limitations on the
maximum
A minimum of one
shareholder with no
limitation to the maximum
of shareholders.
A minimum of one
shareholder with no
limitation to the maximum
of shareholders.
Legal formation
procedure and
documentation
No legal
requirements
No legal requirements,
however a partnership
agreement is required
A Memorandum of
Incorporation and the
Notice of Incorporation
are required.
A Memorandum of
Incorporation and the
Notice of Incorporation
are required.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
10
Liability of debts
The owner has
unlimited liability for
debts
The partners have
unlimited liability for
debts.
The shareholders have
limited liability for the
debts.
The shareholders have
limited liability for the
debts.
Legal entity
Not a separate
legal entity
Not a separate legal
entity
A separate legal entity
A separate legal entity
Continuity
Limited continuity
Limited continuity
Unlimited continuity
Unlimited continuity
Sharing of profits
Owner receives all
the profits
Profits are shared
according to stipulations
in the partnership
agreement
Dividends are paid out
according to the number
of shares owned.
Dividends are paid out
according to the number
of shares owned.
Acquiring capital
Own or borrowed
Own or borrowed
Issue shares to the public
Issue shares to the
public.
Income Tax
The owner pays tax
in the owner’s
personal capacity
The partners pay tax in
their personal capacity
The company pays 27%
company tax on profits
and a further 20%
dividend tax on dividends
distributed to
shareholders.
The company pays 27%
company tax on profits
and a further 20%
dividend tax on dividends
distributed to
shareholders.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
11
ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE JOB CREATION

Unemployment is a major problem in South Africa. The unemployment rate in
South Africa was 32, 10% in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Skill shortage is another big problem in South Africa.

Unemployment is bad for the economic growth. Today 41% of companies say that
a shortage of skills is the biggest reason why they cannot grow their businesses.

Job creation is an important part of reducing inequality and poverty by getting
more people to participate in the economy.

For job creation to continue to have positive effects on the economy, it has to be
sustainable.

Entrepreneurship is an important method of job-creation in South Africa
THE ROLE OF FORMS OF OWNERSHIPS IN SUSTAINABLE JOB CREATION
SOLE TRADER
When the sole trader starts and run a business, they create jobs for themselves.
PARTNERSHIP
When a partnership is started, a minimum of 2 and more partners get involved in the
sharing of profits.
Other jobs are created for people who will work in the business formed by the partners.
COMPANIES
When a company is formed, millions of jobs are created and more people get employed.
This includes unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled labour.
THE ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES
SOLE TRADER
They must store and save resources that are not used immediately for future production.
PARTNERSHIP
They must use less expensive operative resources in production.
Example: Use of solar system for electricity.
COMPANIES
Distribution of natural resources across the country for further production.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
12
Example: Distribution of sugar canes from KZN to Free State for sugar production
GRADE 8: LATEST PAYMENT METHODS
Exemplar EFT Transactions
Banks have discontinued the use of cheques as a means of making payments.
All cash transactions will be done through EFT (electronic funds transfer). Electronic
Funds Transfer is used to move money from one bank account to another from within a
single financial institution or across multiple banks. However, some customers can still
prefer to pay by actual cash.
METHODS OF EFT PAYMENTS (CPJ)
-
Direct deposit
Phone payments (scan to pay)
ATM transactions
Card transactions (swipe, dip or entry of card and tapping, QR Scan) - Internet
transactions, etc.
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL
Cash Payments Journal (CPJ) is also called the subsidiary book or book of first entry.
It is step 2 of the Accounting Cycle under Journals.
CPJ is used to record all cash payments made by business either using cash of EFT
transactions.
It is important to start teaching learners the Format of the CPJ before entering transactions.
The ATP needs you to give an activity on the use of columns and therefore it is important
to teach the format and use of columns.
The owner of the business can also take cash from the business or use the business bank
card for own or family use. That transaction is recorded as Drawings in the CPJ.
In the CPJ the amount is recorded twice unlike CRJ where it is sometimes recorded three
times.
At the end of the month the CPJ is closed off and the totals posted into the General
Ledger. CPJ is done simultaneously with the other Journals
TYPES OF SOURCE DOCUMENTS USED TO RECORD TRANSACTIONS IN THE
CPJ:
-Bank statement for cash payments and EFT reference numbers
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
13
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
CHEQUES VERSUS EFT
NEW TRANSACTIONS AND TERMS
EXISTING TRANSACTIONS AND TERMS
CASH RECEIPTS IN CRJ
TRANSACTION
SOURCE DOCUMENT
TRANSACTION
SOURCE DOCUMENT
Cash received for services rendered
Cash register roll
Debit and credit card sales are entered as
Cash register roll
cash received
Receive the monthly rent per cheque
Duplicate receipt
Tenants pay the rent by EFT
Bank statement
CASH PAYMENTS IN CPJ
CASH PAYMENTS IN CPJ
TRANSACTION
SOURCEDOCUMENT
TRANSACTION
SOURCE DOCUMENT
Payments made by cheque
Cheque counterfoil
Payments by EFT
EFT reference number (is renumbered and written in
numerical order)
Cash cheque issued for payment of wages or
Cheque counterfoil
top-up of the Petty cash reserve
Cash withdrawal made at the bank for the
Bank statement
payment of Wages or top-up of the Petty
cash reserve
Cheques for salaries and wages
Cheque counterfoil
Businesses pay salaries and wages through
EFT in workers’ bank accounts
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
EFT reference number (Bank
Statement)
14
FORMAT AND USES OF COLUMNS IN THE CPJ
Format for the CPJ has more columns as compared to CRJ.
Columns to be opened in the CPJ are determined by the frequency use of the account.
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF SITHOLE PLUMBERS – JUNE 2022
Doc.n
o.
Day
2
3
Name of payee
4
Fol.
5
Bank
6
Sundry accounts
Service
Material
7
CPJ1
Wages
Stationery
Amount
8
9
10
11
1. The name of business and the month of the transactions
2. Source document number used as reference to the transaction
3. The day in which the transaction took place.
4. Name of person or business to whom money was paid.
5. Folio is the reference number to be used when posting to the General Ledger.
6. Amount used to make payment on daily basis.
7-9 Accounts used regularly (MORE THAN ONCE) by the business has to offered a column.
10-12 Sundry accounts is any other accounts that are not used regularly
This refers to the situation or condition in which buyers and sellers meet to
determine prices and quantities of goods and services to be bought and
sold.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Fol
15
Detail
12
TYPES OF MARKETS
CONSUMER MARKET
This is the market in which consumers buy goods and services from
businesses/producers.
Goods and services bought from this market are used satisfy human needs and
Wants
Examples of consumer markets
Goods market
In this market only goods are sold to consumers, e.g. food market, clothes
market, furniture market, cars market, etc.
Services market
In this market only services are sold to consumers, e.g. plumbers, electricians, dry
cleaning, hairdressing, car washing, dentist, lawyers, teachers, etc.
FACTOR MARKET
This is the market in which households sell factors of production to
producers.
Factors of production bought from this market are used to produce goods and
services.
Examples of factor markets
Labour market
In this market only labour is sold to producers or businesses.
This refers to employment of workers by businesses.
Financial market
This is the market in which money is bought and sold.
Other people sell money (investors) and other buy money
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
16
ACTIVITIES
FORMS OF OWNERSHIP
ACTIVITY 1
Study the pictures below before answering the questions that follow.
Picture A
Picture B
1.1 Identify the form of ownership in picture B.
Picture C
(2)
1.2 Explain in your own words why you would classify it as this specific form of ownership
(2)
1.3 Picture A (Warner Bros Pictures) is an example of a partnership. List any FIVE
characteristics of a Partnership
(5)
ACTIVITY 2
Read the scenario below and answer the questions that follow:
Scenario
SIZWILE MANUFACTURERS (PTY) Ltd known as SM (Pty) Ltd specializes in the
production of winter clothes for both males and females. The management of SM
(PTY) Ltd wants to convert the company into a form of ownership that will enable them
to sell shares to the public. This will enable them to raise sufficient capital for
expansion.
2.1 Identify the form of ownership represented by Sizwe Manufacturers (PTY) Ltd.
Motivate your answer by quoting from the scenario.
(2)
2.2 Is Sizwe Manufacturers legible to sell their shares to the public? Motivate your
answer
2.3 List 3 differences between private and public company.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
(2)
(6)
17
ACTIVITY 3
3.1 Explain how businesses can contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources. (6
3.2 Explain how businesses can contribute to the sustainable job creation.
(6)
FINANCIAL LITERACY
ACTIVITY 4 : RECORDING OF TRANSACTIONS IN THE CPJ
Nina started her own Hair Salon, “Hair by Nina” on 1 February 2021 to render services to
the people in her own community.
1. Record only the applicable transactions into her Cash Payments Journal for February
2021 with the columns for: Bank; Service Material; Wages and Sundry Accounts.
DAY
1
2
3
6
11
18
18
19
25
TRANSACTION
Nina made an EFT payment to the Lekwa Municipality for trading license,
R2000,EFT number 01
Issued business bank card to “Salon Equip” to pay for hair dryers, chairs and
trolleys, R18 700
She bought shampoos and conditioners from “Hair Wholesalers” with EFT no.
03, R11 500.
Nina transferred money an amount of R1 150 for new hair colour products
bought at “Hair Wholesalers”.
Withdrew money from ATM to pay wages, R500.
ATM withdrawal made for R600 to pay wages, including an amount of R100
for a temporary worker.
Paid for oil treatments by EFT to “Hair Remedies”, R800.
Purchased stationery from “Office Printers” and pay by business bank card,
R1 300.
Withdrew cash from ATM for wages, R500.
(29)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
18
ACTIVITY 5: CRJ, CPJ AND ACCOUNTING EQUATION
Sophia Marais started a cyber/internet café business specializing in printing, faxing
e-mailing and high-speed internet access, Sophia Printers on 1 June 2021.
REQUIRED:
13.1
Record the following transactions in the Cash Receipts Journal for June 2021.
Provide analysis columns for analysis of receipts, bank, current income and
sundry accounts. Close off the journal at the end of the month.
(18)
Record the following transactions in the Cash Payments Journal for June 2021.
Provide analysis columns for bank, equipment, wages, Stationery and sundry
accounts. Close off the journal at the end of the month.
(36)
Analyse transactions1, 2, 3, 4 and 7
(32)
13.2
13.3
DAY
TRANSACTION
1 Sophia Marais deposited R200 000 into the business bank account as
capital contribution. Issued receipt 001
2 Paid the City council R6 800 by EFT 001 for the trading license.
3 Paid R90 000 with business debit card to City Properties for a building
4 Bought the following from Computer Suppliers and paid by debit card;
 2 Computers and a photocopier, R75 000
 Paper for the printer, R420
7 Withdrew cash from ATM for wages, R840
8 Cash received for services rendered, R6 700.
Part of the shop is rented to Sally Stols to do nails. Received R4 000 from
her for the month’s rent. Issued receipt 002
11 Bought office furniture from Snow Distributors and paid with debit card ,
R18 000
13 Transferred money to Gauteng Insurers for the annual insurance premium,
R8 800
15 ATM cash withdrawal made for the following:
 Wages, R850
 Cash float, R600
17 Bought office equipment from GM Suppliers and paid with debit card,
R4 800
Cash received for services rendered, R11 800.
21 Transferred money to Telkom R2 600 for the telephone account and Wi-Fi
24 Bought stationery from Computer Suppliers with debit card for R1 050
26 Cash received for services rendered, R14 600
27 Paid the water and electricity account to the City council with EFT, R3 300
29 ATM cash withdrawal made for wages, R900
30 Transferred money for salary of R. Mabena, R8 500
The owner used business debit card for personal use, R5 200.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
19
ANSWER SHEET FOR ACTIVITY 4
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF HAIR BY NINA - FEBRUARY 2021
Doc.
no.
Day
Name of payee
Fol.
Bank
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Material
cost
CPJ1
Sundry accounts
Wages
Amount
Fol
Detail
20
ANSWER SHEET ACTIVITY 5
Cash Receipts Journal of Sophia Printers – June 2021
Doc Day
Details
Fol
Analysis
of
Receipts
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Bank
Current
income
CRJ 1
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol
Details
21
Cash Payments Journal of Sophia Printers – June 2021
Doc Day
Name of payee
Fol
Bank Equipment
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Wages Material
cost
Amount
CPJ 1
Sundry accounts
Fol
Details
22
Accounting Equation of Sophia Printers
No
Source
document
ACCOUNTS AFFECTED
Account 1
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Account 2
Accounting equation
A
E
L
23
Activity 6
Markets
Activity:
6.1 What are exchanged in the two major markets.
(3)
6.2 Who are the main role players in a market?
(2)
6.3 Why do we say that exchange in a market refers to supply and demand?
(2)
6.4 Name 3 various systems used to trade in a market.
(3)
6.5 Who are the buyers in the goods and services market and in the factor market? (3)
6.6 Draw the following table in your book and indicate in which market the following
products can be bought and sold.
No.
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
6.6.9
Product
Car
Manager
Gym contract
Insurance
Cleaner
Insurance
Electricity
Loan
Airtime
Market
(9)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
24
Marking Guide
ACTIVITY 1
1.1 Sole Trader 
1.2 The name of the business 
1.3 There are no legal requirements in starting a partnership except the drawing up of
a partnership agreement. 









1.4
Partners combine capital and may also borrow capital from financial institutions. 
Profit is shared according to the partnership agreement. 
Partners share responsibilities and they are all involved in decision making 
Partners have unlimited liability and are jointly and severally liable for the debts of the
business (Any 5 )
No legal requirements regarding the name of the business.
No legal formalities to start, only a written partnership agreement is required.
Partnership has no legal personality and therefore has no continuity.
The partnership does not pay income tax, only the partners in their personal
capacities.
Partners share responsibilities and are all involved in decision making
ACTIVITY 2
2.1 Private company 
Reason: The name ends with (PTY) Ltd 
2.2 No,  because it is a private company. 
2.3
PUBLIC COMPANY
Name ends with Ltd 
Can sell shares to the public to raise capital 
Subjected to publish their Financial Statements

PRIVATE COMPANY
Name ends with (PTY) Ltd 
Is not allowed to sell shares to the public 
Financial Statements do not need to be
publish 
ACTIVITY 3
3.1 Explain how businesses can contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources.


Products need to be designed with resources use in mind - Less packaging or
packaging that is recyclable, smaller quantities of materials. 
Business operations’ and factories need to use fewer resources. Such as water,
paper, and electricity. 
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
25

Businesses should try to reduce their distances over which their products and raw
materials are transported. .
Businesses need to find ways of generating less waste
Businesses should employ leaders who know about sustainability and are
committed to making it work.
(Any 3 relevant and correct explanations for 2 marks each)


3.2 Explain how businesses can contribute to the sustainable job creation.
 create jobs for themselves as well as others
 Provides people with new skills. 
 Companies employs a large number of people who are either unskilled, semiskilled and skilled. 
 Promotion of entrepreneurship. 
(Any 3 relevant and correct explanations for 2 marks each)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
26
MARKING GUIDE
ACTIVITY 4 : CPJ
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF HAIR BY NINA - FEBRUARY 2021
Doc.
no.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
Day
Name of payee
1
2
3
6
11
18
√
19
25
Lekwa Municipality
Salon Equip
Hair Wholesalers
Hair Wholesalers
Cash
Cash
Hair Remedies
Office Printers
Cash



Fol
Bank
2000
18 700
11 500
1150
500
600
800
1300
500
37 050
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Material
cost
CPJ1
Wages
Amount
2000
18 700
Sundry accounts
Fol
Detail
Trading License
Equipment
11 500
1150
500
600
800
1300
13 450
500
1 600
Stationery
22 000
27
ACTIVITY 5: CRJ, CPJ AND ACCOUNTING EQUATION
Cash Receipts Journal of Sophia Printers – June 2021
Doc Day
Details
F
Analysis
Bank
ol
of
Receipts

001 1
Sophia Marais
200 000
√
8
Services Rendered
6 700
002
Sally Stols
4 000
10 700
√
17
Services Rendered
11 800
11 800
√
26
Services Rendered
14 600
14 600


237 100
Cash Payments Journal of Sophia Printers – June 2021
Fol
Doc Day
Name of payee
Bank
Equipment
Current
income
CRJ 1
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol
Details
200 000
Capital
6 700
4 000
11 800
14 600
33 100
Wages
Rent income
200 400
CPJ 1
Sundry accounts
Stationery
Amount
001
002
003
004
005
006
007
008
009
010
011
012
013
014

2
3
4
7
11
13
15
17
21
24
27
29
30

City council
City properties
Computer suppliers
Cash
Snow Distributors
Gauteng Insurers
Cash
GM Suppliers
Telkom
Computer suppliers
City council
Cash
R. Mabena
Sophia Marais
6 800
90 000
75 420
840
18 000
8 800
1 450
4 800
2 600
1 050
3 300
900
8 500
5 200
227 660
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
75 000
Fol
Details
6 800
90 000
Trading license
Land and buildings
8 800
600
Insurance
Cash float
2 600
Telephone
Stationery
Water and electricity
420
840
18 000
850
4 800
1050
3 300
900
97 800
2 590
1 470
8 500
5 200
125 800
Salaries
Drawings
28
Accounting Equation of Sophia Hairdressers
No
1
Duplicate receipt
ACCOUNTS AFFECTED
Account 1
Account 2
Bank
Capital
2
Bank Statement
Trading license
Bank
-6 800
-6 800
0
3
Bank Statement
Bank
0
Bank Statement
0
0
Bank Statement
Stationery
Bank
+90 000
-90 000
+75 000
-75 000
-420
0
4
Land and
buildings
Equipment
-420
0
Bank Statement
Wages
Bank
-840
-840
0
7
Source document
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Bank
Accounting equation
A
E
L
+200 000 +200 000
0
29
Markets
Activity 6
6.1 Goods, services and labour 
6.2 Buyers and sellers 
6.3 We refer to exchange in a market as supply and demand because there is a supply of
goods and services by suppliers and a demand for these goods and services by
consumers. 
6.4 Post, fax, internet, email, telephone or cell phone. 
6.5 Households, businesses and government. 
6.6
No.
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
6.6.6
6.6.7
6.6.8
6.6.9
Product
Car
Manager
Gym contract
Insurance
Cleaner
Insurance
Electricity
Loan
Airtime
Market
Goods and services
Labour
Services
Financial
Labour
Financial
Services
Financial
Services
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
30
GLOSSARY – TERM 3
1.
Casting/Totalling
Adding columns of the Cash Journals vertically.
2.
Private Company
3.
Public Company
4.
5.
6.
8.
9.
Shares
Shareholders
Employment
contract
Sole Trader/
Proprietor
Partnership
Legal entity
A business that can have a minimum of 1 shareholder with no limitation to the
maximum shareholders. It does not sell its shares to the public.
A business that can have a minimum of 7 shareholders and a maximum equal to
the number of shares issued. It sells shares to the public.
Portions into which the capital of the company is divided. .
People who own shares in a company.
The document that stipulates the terms and conditions of employment.
10.
Unlimited liability
11.
Limited liability
12.
Dividend
13.
Prospectus
14
Stock exchange
15
Sustainable job
creation
Company Tax
7.
16.
Someone who is the only owner of a business or a one-man business concern.
A business owned by 2 and more partners (no limitation to the maximum)
A business that has legal standing, (rights and responsibilities in the eyes of the
law) and which can sue or be sued in its own name.
Means that the owner is personally responsible for the debts of the business.
The owner of a business can lose his /her personal possessions when the
business is insolvent and liquidated
The owner cannot lose his/her personal possessions when the business is
liquidated
A portion of the profit that a company distributes to shareholders in relation to
number and value of shares held.
An invitation to the public to buy shares that are offered for sale in a public
company
A place where shares in a public company are bought and sold ;in South Africa
this the Johannesburg Stock Exchange ( JSE)
Provision of jobs which are ongoing and permanent
A form of income tax paid by businesses on their profits.
17
Entrepreneurship The skill or ability to combine the other factors of production to
produce goods and services.
18.
Cash Payments
Journal
19.
Subsidiary journals
20.
21.
22.
23.
A subsidiary book used to record all cash payments made by a business
The books of first entry. Journals used to record transactions from the information
on source documents.
Accounting equation Assets = Owner’s equity + Liability
This means that what the business owns, must always equal the amount that the
business owes, whether they owe it to the owner (owner’s equity), or to outside
businesses (Liabilities)
Owner’s equity
The interest of the owner in the business. Owner’s
equity = Capital – Drawings.
Assets
Possessions of the business with a monetary value. What a person or business
owns.
Fixed assets or
Possessions of a business available to be used for more than a year e.g.
land and buildings, vehicles and equipment.
noncurrent assets
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
31
24
Current assets
25.
Goods
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Possessions of a business that can be converted into cash within a year.
These assets are temporary in nature, e.g. trading stock, debtors, bank etc.
Tangible things (things that we can touch) that we use to satisfy our
needs and wants, e.g. desks, books, food.
Services
Intangible things (things that we cannot touch) that satisfy needs and
wants, e.g. education, nursing.
Goods and
The market where household and businesses come together to
Services Market exchange goods and services.
Factor Market
The market where people buy and sell the factors of production.
Labour Market
The market where workers are offering their skills and services for
remuneration.
Financial Market Are markets where people and companies trade financial assets such
as stocks, shares etc.
Households
The owners of the factors of production and consumers of goods and
services.
Business revenue Money received as income for Businesses.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
32
GRADE: 8
Term
1
2
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
PROGRAMME OF ASSESSMENT
YEAR: 2024
EDUCATOR: ……………………………...……
Topic/s
Form of assessment
Total
Weighting
Final
Marks 100
60 weighting
Data response with rubric/marking grid
shouldcover sub-topics:
 Government
 National budget 2022/23
Test should include among others:
 Accounting concepts
 Source
documents
 Standard of
living
Cognitive
levels:
Data Response
(rubric/
memo/marking grid)
Controlled Test must include all topics
covered in Term 1 and 2.
Term 1 work = 30% content covered Term 2 work =
70% content covered
Mid-year Controlled
Test
(memo and analysis
grid)
Paper 1: Financial Lit = 50%
Paper 1:
Financial Literacy
3

Project/ Case Study: Rubric/marking grid
should accompany the worksheet
It should cover only TERM 3 AND 4
topics taught for the year.
10
3
Controlled test
(memo and analysis
grid)
50
marks
(1hour)
16.67%
10
10
SBA 60%
50
Marks
(1hour)
50
Marks
(1hour)
Paper 2:
The Economy
(25 marks)
Entrepreneurship
(25 marks)
Project/ Case study
(rubric/
memo/marking grid)
End of year
Examination
(memo and analysis
grid)
Paper 2:
Entrepreneurship (50
marks)
………………………………………………….
DEPARTMENTAL HEAD
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
50
Marks
(1hour)
10-11
20
33.33%
20
9
50
Marks
(1hour)
Paper 1:
Financial Lit.
5
Planned
date
16.67%
33.33%
Paper 2: The Economy = 25%
Entrepreneurship = 25%
4
50
Marks
(1hour)
Week
50
Marks
(1hour)
100
40
Exam
40%
8-10
……………………………………
DATE
33
BLOOMS TAXONOMY: DEFINITIONS AND ACTION VERBS FOR SETTING
OF SBA TASKS
Basic thinking skills (e.g., factual recall,
low level application and low level
comprehension)
Moderately high
thinking skills (e.g.,
more advanced
application,
interpretation, and lowlevel analysis.
30%
High order thinking skills
(e.g., advanced analytical
skills, syntheses and
evaluation)
50%
20%
Remembering
Understanding
Applying
Analyzing
Evaluating
Creating
Exhibit memory of
previously learned
material by
recalling facts,
terms, basic
concepts.
Demonstrate
understanding of
facts and ideas by
organising,
comparing,
translating, and
interpreting giving
descriptions and
stating main ideas.
Solve
problems to
new
situations by
applying
acquired
knowledge,
facts,
techniques,
and rules in
a different
way.
Examine and
break
information into
parts, by
identifying
motives or
causes. Make
inferences and
find evidence to
support
generalization.
Present and
defend
opinions by
making
judgments
about
information
validity of
ideas, or
quality of work,
based on a set
of criteria.
Compile
information
together in a
different way
by
combining
elements in
a new
pattern or
proposing
alternative
solutions.
Action verbs Action verbs
Action
verbs
Action
verbs
Action
verbs
Action
verbs
Choose
Define
Find
List
Match
Name
Select
Show
Apply
Choose
Develop
Identify
Organise
Select
Solve
Analyse
Classify
compare
Distinguish
List
Simplify
Choose
Compare
Conclude
Determine
Evaluate
Explain
Interpret
Opinion
Prove
Recommend
Select
Support
Solve Test
Choose
change
Combine
Compile
Construct
Create
Design
Develop
Discuss
Improve
Propose
Solution
Classify
Compare
Demonstrate
Explain
Illustrate
Interpret
Summarise
Show
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
34
COGNITIVE LEVELS (According to EMS CAPS errata!)
COGNITIVE LEVEL
DESCRIPTOR
Lower order questions
Assessing remembering and
understanding
Assessing application and
analysing
Assessing evaluating and
creating
Middle order questions
Higher order questions
PERCENTAGE (%)
30%
50%
20%
QUESTION ANALYSIS GRID FOR CONTROLLED
Creating
Evaluating
Analysing
Applying
Understanding
Remembering
Question
No.
Level of Question
Total
Marks
allocated
to
Question
Time
allocated
to
Question
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3
4.1
4.2
5.
6.
TOTALS
Lower:
30%
Middle:
Higher:
50%
20%
% of
total
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
35
GUIDELINES ON SETTING
TASK 4 PROJECT
A project is a form of assessment that is an alternative to a test. It allows learners to
engage with learning in a more concreate way. Instead of merely studying theory a
hands-on project asks learners to apply what they have learned to an in-depth
explanation of a topic Theory is put into practice.
 Explain the project to learners and outline expectations
 Develop a rubric /memorandum /checklist/marking guidelines
 Set a submission date
Exemplar questions for a project
(25 MARKS MUST BE FROM JOURNALS)
(25 MARKS MUST BE FROM FORMS OF OWNERSHIP)
Journals
Forms of ownership
Forms of ownership
Forms of ownership
Learners can be required to record cash transactions from
provided source documents (Receipts, CRR, Cash invoices,
and Bank statements) in the CRJ or CPJ of a service
rendering business.
Transaction can also be given as a Case study
The teacher may develop a questionnaire and let learners
visit local businesses and conduct an interview with the
owners. (questions such as; name of business, form of
ownership, date established, name of the owner), reasons
why they have chosen the specific form of ownership. can be
included.
Learners may be required to search for names of existing
businesses in the internet or telephone directory yellow
pages and indicate the forms of ownership of each. E.g. five
partnerships, 5 private companies, and 3 public companies)
and complete a questionnaire. Learners can also be required
to explain the characteristics of each.
Learners may be required to think of a new business that
they can establish in their own community. They should give
reasons why they choose a specific form of ownership for
this new business. They need to give reasons that will
include characteristics of the specific form of ownership.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
36
EMS: Grade 8 Term 4
Term 4
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
CAPS Topic
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Core
Concepts,
Skills and
Values
Levels and
functions of
management
Levels and
functions of
management
Levels and
functions of
management
Week 4
Financial
Literacy
General Ledger
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Financial Literacy
Revision
Revision
General Ledger
General
Ledger and
Trial Balance
Revision
End of the year
Week 10
Promotion
schedules
and closing.
Examinations
Different levels of
management
Management
tasks such as
Planning,
Organising,
Leading and
Control (POLC)
Characteristics
of good
management
Double entry
principle, T
accounts, Format
of the General
Ledger and
sections within the
General ledger.
Opening accounts in
the General Ledger,
Posting / recording of
transactions from CRJ
and CPJ of a service
business to General
Ledger.
Balancing of
the General
Ledger,
preparing of a
Trial Balance
of a service
business.
Term 3 – 4
content
Resources
(other than
textbook) to
enhance
learning
Grade 8 item bank
Tips for teachers Lesson
plans
Grade 8 item
bank
Tips for teachers
Lesson plans
Grade 8 item
bank
Tips for teachers
Lesson plans
Grade 8 item
bank
Tips for teachers
Lesson plans
Grade 8 item bank Tips
for teachers Lesson
plans
Grade 8 item
bank Tips for
teachers
Lesson plans
Grade 8 item
bank
Informal
Assessment
Class tests and
activities
Class tests and
activities
Class tests and
activities
Class tests and
activities
Class tests and
activities
Class
tests and
activities
Requisite
PreKnowledge
Week 8-9
SBA
(Formal
Assessment)
End of the year
Examinations
Promotion
schedules
and
closing
Final Controlled Test =
Minimum of 100 marks;
Paper 1: Financial Literacy: 50
marks
Paper 2: Entrepreneurship (50
marks)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
37
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
GRADE 8 MONITORING TOOL FOR CONTENT COVERAGE
TERM 4
Expected week
curriculum coverage
Actual week curriculum
coverage
NAME OF SCHOOL
Teacher:
Surname & initials
Number of Gr 8
learners
Term of visit
Percentage curriculum
coverage
Week no. (of visit)
NB: Minimum of 2 informal activities per week
TERM 4 TOPICS
WEE
K
TOPICS
TOPICS AND CONTENT
Completed
Y
Week
1
Entrepreneurship: Levels and
functions of management:
Different levels of management
2
3
Week
Management tasks Planning,
Organising, Leading and
Controlling (POLC)
Characteristics of good
management
Financial Literacy: General
Ledger
Double entry principle, T
accounts Formats of the General
Ledger and sections within the
General Ledger.
Opening accounts in the
General Ledger
,Posting/recording of
transactions from CRJ and CPJ
of a service business to the
General Ledger.
Balancing of the General
Ledger ,preparing a Trial
Balance of a service business
4
5
6
Week
7
Revision Term 3 – 4 content
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
N
NUMBER OF
INFORMAL
Activities
(Expected/Actual)
EXP.
ACT.
QUALITY
(All sub-topics and cognitive
levels covered. Progression
visible per topic e.g., tasks
per topic from easier to
more complex.)
[5]
1
2
2
[7]
2
2
2
1
38
Y
week
N
EXP.
ACT
End of year Examination:
100 marks
Comprising of term 3 & 4
content.
Paper 1: Financial Literacy
(50 marks)
Paper 2:
Economy (25)
Entrepreneurship: (25)
End of year Examinations
8-9
10
QUALITY
Promotion schedules and closing
Use of EMS support material
Use of glossary
EMS accounting posters
Radio lessons
Use of activities from the manual
Accounting workbooks
Yes No
12
Remarks
FINDINGS / COMMENTS:
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
NAME
SIGNATURE
DATE
TEACHER
PRINCIPAL/
HOD
OFFICIAL
School stamp
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
39
MEDIATION OF ATPs AND PROGRAMME OF ASSESSMENT
2024 GRADE 8 - TERM 4
WEEK
TOPIC
Week 1-3 ENTREPRENEURSHIP
5 hours Levels and Functions of
management
Week 4-5
4 hours
FINANCIAL
LITERACY
General Ledger
TEACHING TIPS
RESOURCES
Gather your resources (newspapers, magazines, internet) and
Relevant
newspaper,
plan how you will integrate them in teaching this topic
magazines
Encourage your learners to find and bring their own resources
Internet
about management to the class
articles
Explain to learners the different levels of management
Previous
Ask learners to identify the functions of management from their
Term 4
resources and explain to them the functions of management that
workshop
the business require to be successfully
manuals
Explain to learners the characteristics of good management and
the different styles of management
Revise the double entry principle learnt in the Accounting concepts Accounting
and introduce the T accounts.
house poster,
Outline the two sections of the General Ledger and introduce the
‘DEAD’ and
posting of the CRJ and CPJ to the General Ledger.
‘CLIC’ codes
Explain posting to the Bank Account.
Previous
Emphasis to learners that they must always write the heading,
Term 4
date and folios in the ledger accounts Explain posting to the
workshop
Bank Account
manuals
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
40
Week 6
2 hours
FINANCIAL
LITERACY
General Ledger and
Trial Balance
Explain the rules for balancing the ledger accounts
Describe what a Trial Balance is
Explain the main purpose of a Trial Balance
Explain the format of a Trial Balance
Explain the sequencing of accounts in a Trial Balance
Explain errors that could be revealed by preparing a Trial Balance
Explain errors that would not be revealed by preparing a Trial
balance
Week
7
Revision of Term 3+4
Content
Give an informal test to revise work done in Term 3+4
Week
8-10
Writing of end of year
examination
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Accounting
house poster,
‘DEAD ‘and
‘CLIC’ codes
Previous
Term 4
workshop
manuals
Previous
Question
Papers
Text Book
41
SUMMARY OF TOPICS
LEVELS AND FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
What is Management?
Management is the process dealing with, controlling and directing things or people
towards reaching certain goals.
It can also be defined as the process of getting people together to accomplish goals and
objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively.
Different levels of management.
Top level management
The top level of management consists of the board of directors, chief executive officer
(CEO) or managing director (MD).
Gives direction and clarifies the vision of the business
Set long-term goals for the business, for example, expansion or growing of the business
in long term.
Ensure that departments are working towards the businesses’ goals.
Gives instructions to various departments about aspects such as budgets, policies and
schedules and ensure all departments keep to their budgets.
Middle level management
They are the link between the top level management and lower level management.
Middle level management comprises of managers of different departments, such as
financial, administration, human resources, finance and operations.
They execute the plans of the organization according to the policies and directives of top
management.
They develop short-term goals and set monthly targets. For an example; human resource
may fill vacant jobs with skillful personnel within a period of six months
Lower level management:
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
42
They are also known as the supervisory or operative level of management.
They are involved in the day-to-day operation of the business.
Supervisors work with smaller teams and are involved with problem-solving and decision
–making in relation to the daily activities of their teams.
Other responsibilities include preparing reports on performance of workers and
motivating workers
Opening Balances in the General Ledger:
It is important to take note of the fact that an existing business (not the first month of
doing business) will already have balances b/d in the General Ledger from the previous
month. It is then important to start the current month’s General Ledger with these
amounts.
In the Balance Sheet section these amounts are referred to as ‘Balances b/d’ (brought
down) while in the Nominal Accounts section they are referred to as ‘Total b/d’.
To determine which side the balance should be on, use the rules CLIC and DEAD…
DEAD:
CLIC:
C = Credit
D = Debit
L = Liabilities
E = Expenses
I = Income
A = Assets
C = Capital
D = Drawings
*These only apply to balances!!*
Example of an opening balance:
Barnes Traders had an opening balance of R100 000 on the 1st October 2016.
Oct
Nov
1
General Ledger of Barnes Traders
Balance Sheet Section
Bank
B1
31 Total Payments
CPJ
150 000
-
Balance
c/d
150 000
-
300 000
-
Balance
31 Total Receipts
Receipts
b/d
100 000
-
CRJ
200 000
-
300 000
-
1
b/d
150 000
-
Balance
Oct
Balancing a General Ledger Account:
At the end of each month, every General Ledger account needs to be balanced or
totalled.
Steps to Balancing a General Ledger Account:
1. Find the biggest side. In the example above, it is the debit side with R300 000.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
43
2. Write this amount on both sides (debit and credit) on the same line.
Don’t forget to skip a line.
3. Calculate the amount missing from the smaller side. Fill it in and write, Balance c/d
(carried down).
4. For every debit there is a credit and vice-versa. Post this balance to the other side.
In the example above, this is the debit side. Write the first day of the next month
and Balance b/d.
5. If the account is a nominal account, total the amounts and draw a line above and
below the totalled amounts.
TRIAL BALANCE
A trial balance is prepared at the end of each month to ensure that certain errors have
not been made when recording the transactions of a business. The totals or balances of
each ledger account are listed, showing debit balances in the debit column and credit
balances in the credit column. The two columns are totalled and compared – they should
be equal.
If the debit and credit totals are not equal, then an error has been made in
•
•
•
•
•
Adding the trial balance columns.
Copying the balances from the general ledger.
Calculating the ledger balances.
Posting to the ledger.
Journalizing the transactions.
The error should be found and corrected.
SEQUENCING OF ACCOUNTS IN THE TRIAL BALANCE
Note the sequencing of accounts in the General Ledger:
The Trial Balance is divided into two sections:
1. BALANCE SHEET ACCOUNT SECTION
 Owner’s Equity
Capital and Drawings
 Fixed Assets
Land and Buildings, Vehicles and Equipment
 Current Assets
Bank, Trading Stock, Debtors and items of cash
2. NOMINAL ACCOUNTS SECTION
 Income
 Sales (Trading Business)
 Current Income (Services Business)
 Other Incomes
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
44
 Rent Income and Interest received
 Expenses
 Wages, Stationery, Fuel, Packing Material etc.
ACTIVITY 1.
Study the diagram and answer the questions which follow:
A
B
C
1.1 Define the term management
(2)
1.2 Name the levels of management labelled A, B and C.
A.
B.
C.
(3)
1.3 List the type of decisions made on each level of management.
A.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
45
B.
C.
(3)
ACTIVITY 2.
2.1 Briefly discuss the four management tasks.
(8)
ACTIVITY 3
Read the following case study and answer the following questions
Many of us have worked for a manager who may have lacked the qualities of a confident,
capable leader. For some, the desire to escape such an environment and be one’s own
boss was a main motivator for starting a small business.
At some point, however, most successful small business owners are likely to find
themselves bringing in one or more employees. When that happens, you aren’t just your
own boss anymore; you’re also the boss of whomever you’ve hired to help your business
grow. In smaller office environments, it’s especially hard to withstand clashes and
personality conflicts with your staff, so it’s important to lead effectively.
In order to avoid becoming the boss you always resented, make sure you understand
and take every opportunity to adopt characteristics that make good managers, know
about different levels of management and the different tasks to be done by managers.
At The UPS Store, we believe this is the future of the business.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
46
3.1 Define the term “manager”
(2)
3.2 Explain “leading” and “organizing” as part of the management tasks.
(4)
3.3 Adopting the characteristics that make good management is a key to the UPS store.
List any FIVE characteristics that are important for managers to have
(5)
Posting to the General Ledger
ACTIVITY 1
Use the information from the given Journals to post to the General Ledger of KK
Welding’s for March 2022. Balance the accounts at the end of the month. Use the
answer sheet provided as a guide.
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL OF KK WELDINGS FOR MARCH 2022
DOC
DAY
DETAILS
001
01
CRR1
07
CRR2
002
21
KK de Villiers
Services
Rendered
Services
Rendered
KK de Villiers
ANALYSIS OF
RECEIPTS
BANK
CURRENT
INCOME
50 000 3 675 1 075 10000 -
3 675 -
CRJ 1
SUNDRY ACCOUNTS
AMOUNT
Fol
DETAILS
50 000
B1
Capital
10 000 60 000
-
B1
Capital
3 675 1 075 -
11 075 64 750 B4
4 750 N1
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF KK WELDINGS FOR MARCH 2022
DOC
DAY
001
01
002
003
004
005
3
5
10
NAME OF
PAYEE
Mopani
Municipality
GG Real
Estates
Cash
Cash Build
P Jones
CPJ 1
SUNDRY ACCOUNTS
BANK
MATERIAL
EQUIPMENT
250 3 550
130
2 440
1 500
-
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
2 440
AMOUNT
Fol
DETAILS
250 -
N3
Trading License
3 550 130 -
N4
B5
Rent Expense
Cash Float
1 500 -
N5
Salaries
-
47
006
007
008
13
23
30
Builders
Warehouse
Bradlows
Clicks
3 000
5 000
2 000
17 870
B4
-
3 000
5 000 -
5 440 N2
2 000 7 430 -
5 000 B3
B2
Drawings
General Ledger of KK Welding’s
Balance Sheet Section
Dr
(O/E -)
Month
Day
Dr
Month
Dr
Month
Details
Fol
Amount
(O/E - )
Day
Dr
Month
Capital
Details
Drawings
Fol
Amount
(Asset +)
Day
Details
Details
Day
B2
Day
Details
Month
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Amount
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Month
Cr
Fol
Amount
Fol
Amount
Cr
(Asset -)
B3
Details
Bank (Asset -)
Fol
B1
Details
(O/E + )
Equipment
(Asset +)
Day
Month
(O/E + )
Cr
Fol
Amount
Fol
Amount
B4
Day
Details
48
Nominal Accounts Section
Dr (-)
Month
Day
Current Income
Details
Fol
Dr (+)
Day
Details
Fol
Dr (+)
Day
Day
Details
Amount
Fol
(+)
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Dr ( + )
Month
Details
Fol
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Details
Day
Amount
Month
Day
Rent Expense
(-)
Amount
Month
Day
Amount
Month
Amount
N2
Details
Details
Cr
Fol
Amount
N3
Cr
Fol
Amount
N4
Details
(-)
Day
Cr
Fol
(-)
Salaries
Day
N1
(-)
Trading License
Month
Month
Month
Material
Month
Dr
Amount
(+)
Details
Cr
Fol
N5
Amount
Cr
Fol
Amount
49
ACTIVITY 2
Use the information from the given Journals to post to the General Ledger of PP Electricians for April 2022. Balance the accounts at the end of the month.
Use the answer sheet provided as a guide.
CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL OF PP ELECTRICIANS - APRIL 2022
Doc.
Day
Details
no.
Fol.
Analysis of
receipts
Bank
06
1
Daisy Morris
60 000-
60 000-
07
08
09
5
11
20
P. Putter
S. Sithole
G. Naidoo
5 6007 2004 800-
5 6007 2004 80077600B4
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
CRJ 2
Sundry accounts
Current
income
Amount
60 000-
5 6007 2004 80017 600-
Fol.
Details
B1 Capital
60 000-
N1
50
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF PP ELECTRICIANS - APRIL 2022
CPJ 2
Doc.
Cleaning
Day
Name of payee
Fol.
Bank
Wages
no.
materials
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol.
Details
102
1
Soap Suppliers
3 410
103
7
Cash
3 000
104
11
B&M Motors
25 000
105
14
Cash
3 000
106
18
AB Wholesalers
7 645
107
21
Cash
3 000
108
26
Telkom
914
914 N5 Telephone
Safety Insurers
870
870 N4 Insurance
109
110
28
Cash
3 410
3 000
25 000 B5 Vehicles
3 000
7 645 B3 Equipment
3 000
3 000
3 000
49 839
12 000
3 410
B4
N3
N2
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
34 429
51
General ledger of PP Electricians
Balance Sheet section
Dr
(O/E -)
Month
Day
Dr
Month
Dr
Month
Details
Fol
Amount
(O/E - )
Day
Dr
Month
Capital
Details
Details
Fol
Details
Day
Details
Month
Amount
Fol
Amount
Cr
(O/E + )
B2
Day
Details
(Asset -)
B3
Month
Equipment
(Asset +)
Day
B1
Vehicles
(Asset +)
Day
(O/E + )
Month
Day
Fol
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Amount
Month
Amount
Fol
Amount
Fol
Amount
Fol
Amount
Cr
Cr
Details
Bank (Asset -)
Fol
B4
Day
Details
52
Nominal Accounts Section
Dr (-)
Month
Day
Current Income
Details
Fol
Dr (+)
Amount
Month
Telephone
Mont
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
(+)
Day
N1
Details
Fol
(-)
Month
Day
Cr
Details
Amount
N2
Cr
Fol
Amount
N3
Cr
h
Dr (+)
Month
Dr
Insurance
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
(+)
Month
Day
(-)
Month
Wages
Details
Fol
Amount
Day
Details
(-)
Month
Fol
N4
Day
Amount
Cr
Details
Fol
Amount
(34)
Dr ( + )
Month
Cleaning Materials
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Month
(-)
Day
Details
N5
Cr
Fol
Amount
53
TRIAL BALANCE OF A SERVICE ENTERPRISE
ACTIVITY 1
The following balances were found in the books of “Modern Hair Salon”, at the end
of November 2021:
Draw up the Trial Balance for the 30th November 2021.
Savings account
Repairs
Electricity and Water
Cash Float
Bank (Dr.)
Capital
Equipment
Drawings
Stationery
Wages
Salaries
Rent Expense
Material
Current Income
R5 075
R62
R175
R100
R1 550
R15 612
R1 700
R220
R140
R2 550
R2 200
R3 300
R12 750
R14 210
Trial Balance of Modern Hair Salon on 30 November 2021
Fol
Debit
Credit
Balance Sheet Section
Nominal Accounts Section
(16)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
54
ACTIVITY 2
SUMMARY OF ALL POSTED ACCOUNTS:
GENERAL LEDGER OF SPIC-N-SPAN CLEANERS
Use the balances /totals from the General Ledger accounts below to draw up the
Trial Balance for the 30th April 2019
Dr
CAPITAL
Date
Details
Fol.
Amount
B1
Date
Cr
Details
Fol.
Amount
Balance
b/d
40 000-
Bank
CRJ3
60 000-
2019
1
April
100 000-
Dr
DRAWINGS
Date
Details
Fol.
Balance
b/d
Amount
B2
Date
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
2019
1
9 000-
April
Dr
VEHICLES
Date
Details
Fol.
Bank
CPJ3
Amount
B5
Date
Cr
Details
Fol.
Amount
2019
11
25 000-
April
Dr
EQUIPMENT
Date
Details
Fol.
Balance
b/d
Amount
Date
B3
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
2019
1
21 365-
April
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
55
18
Bank
CPJ3
7 64529 010-
Dr
BANK
Date
Details
Fol.
Amount
Balance
b/d
B4
Date
2019
Details
2019
1
12 164-
April
Total
receipts
CRJ3
Fol.
Total
30
payments
April
30
Cr
77 600-
Balance
Amount
CPJ3
49 839-
c/d
39 925-
89 764May
1
Balance
b/d
89 764-
39 925-
NOMINAL ACCOUNTS SECTION
Dr
CURRENT INCOME
Date
Details
Fol.
Amount
N1
Date
Cr
Details
Fol.
Amount
1
Balance
b/d
29 450-
30
Bank
CRJ3
17 600-
2019
April
47 050-
Dr
CLEANING MATERIALS
Date
April
Details
Fol.
Amount
1
Balance
b/d
7 155
30
Bank
CPJ3
11 055
Date
N2
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
18 210
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
56
Dr
WAGES
Date
April
Details
Fol.
Amount
1
Balance
b/d
18 000-
30
Bank
CPJ3
12 000-
N3
Date
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
30 000-
Dr
INSURANCE
Date
April
Details
Fol.
Amount
1
Balance
b/d
870-
26
Bank
CPJ3
870-
N4
Date
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
1 740-
Dr
TELEPHONE
Date
April
Details
Fol.
Amount
1
Balance
b/d
896-
26
Bank
CPJ3
914-
Date
N5
Details
Cr
Fol.
Amount
1 810-
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
57
Trial Balance of Modern Hair Salon on 30 November 2021
Fol
Debit
Credit
Balance Sheet Section
Nominal Accounts Section
(12)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
58
MARKING GUIDELINES
ACTIVITY 1
1.1 Definition of management are activities that managers carry out to direct the
business towards achieving its objectives .
1.2 Levels of management
A. top level management
B. Middle level management 
C. Lower level management
1.3 Types of decisions
Top level: strategic decisions 
Middle level: tactical decisions
Lower level: operational decisions 
ACTIVITY 2.
2.1 Planning 
• The setting of goals and objectives 
• Need to establish future goals and objectives
• Need to plan strategies to achieve the goals and objectives
2,2 Organising
• Refers to how the plan will be carried out 
2.3 Leading 
• Giving employees direction to what has to be achieved. 
2.4 Control 
• Ensuring that the plans are successful 
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
59
ACTIVITY 3
3.1 A Manager is the person responsible for planning, organizing, leading and controlling
an organisation or a business. 
3.2
Leading: Managers direct and motivate the workers to work as efficiently and
effectively as possible.  OR
Lead by example in the workplace by being on time, paying attention to details.
Organizing: Managers are responsible for organising the activities in a business. OR
Organising is the process of giving tasks to different people or groups so that goals can
be achieved.  OR
It is the step after planning and anything that is well organised stands much more chance
of being successful.
3.3
3.3.1 Confidence 
3.3.2 Self-motivated 
3.3.3 Goal driven
3.3.4 Hard working
3.3.5 Calm 
3.3.6 Optimistic
(Accept any other relevant answer)
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
60
Posting to the General Ledger
Activity 1
General Ledger of KK Welding’s
Balance Sheet Section
Dr
(O/E -)
Month
Day
Capital
Details
Fol
Amount
(O/E +)
Month
B1
Cr
Amount
Day
Details
Fol
31
Bank
CRJ 1
2022
60 000
-
March
Dr
(O/E - )
Month
Drawings
Day
Details
Fol
31
Bank
CPJ 1
2022
Amount
2 000
(O/E + )
Month
-
March
Day
B2
Details
Cr
Fol
Amount
B3
Cr
Fol
Amount
m
20Mar
ch
2022
Dr
(Asset +)
Month
2022
Equipment
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Bank
CPJ 1
5 000
Month
(Asset -)
Day
Details
March
Dr
(Asset +)
Bank (Asset -)
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
2022
31
Total Receipts
CRJ 1
64 750
March
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Total Payments
CPJ 1
17 870
Balance
C/d
46 880
2022
March
64 750
April
B4
1
Balance
b/d
64 750
46 880
2022
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
61
Dr
(Asset +)
Cash Float
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
2022
31
Bank
CPJ 1
130
(Asset -)
Month
Day
B5
Cr
Fol
Amount
N1
Cr
Details
March
Nominal Accounts Section
March
Dr (-)
Month
Day
Current Income
Details
Fol
Amount
(+)
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Bank
CRJ 1
4 750
N2
Cr
2022
March
March
Dr (+)
Month
2022
Material
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Bank
CPJ 1
5 440
(-)
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
March
Dr (+)
Month
2022
Trading License
Day
Details
Fol
31
Bank
CPJ 1
Amount
Month
(-)
Day
Details
N3
Cr
Fol
Amount
250
March
Dr
Month
2022
(+)
Rent Expense
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Bank
CPJ 1
3 550
Month
(-)
Day
N4
Details
Fol
Cr
Amount
March
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
62
-
Dr ( + )
Month
2022
Salaries
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
31
Bank
CPJ 1
1 500
(-)
Month
Day
N5
Details
Cr
Fol
Amount
March
ACTIVITY 2
Posting to the General Ledger
General Ledger of PP Electricians
Balance Sheet Section
Dr
(O/E -)
Month
Day
Capital
Details
Fol
Amount
(O/E + )
B1
Day
Details
Fol
30
Bank
CRJ 2
60 000
Fol
Amount
Month
Cr
Amount
2022
April
Dr
Month
(O/E - )
Vehicles
Day
Details
Fol
30
Bank
CPJ 2
2022
Amount
25 000
Month
(O/E + )
B2
Day
Details
-
Cr
-
April
Dr
Month
(Asset +)
Equipment
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
30
Bank
CPJ 2
7 645
2022
Month
(Asset -)
Day
Details
B3
Cr
Fol
Amount
April
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
63
Dr
(Asset +)
Bank (Asset -)
B4
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
2022
30
Total
CRJ 2
77 600
2022
30
Total
CPJ 2
49 839
c/d
27 761
April
Receipts
Payments
April
Balance
77 600
2022
Balance
b/d
77 600
27 761
April
Nominal Accounts Section
Dr (-)
Month
Day
Current Income
Details
Fol
Amount
(+)
Month
2022
N1
Cr
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
30
Bank
CRJ 2
17 600
April
Dr (+)
Month
Telephone
Da
Details
Fol
Amount
Bank
CPJ 2
914 
(-)
Month
N2
Day
Details
Cr
Fol
Amount
y
2022
30
April
Month
2022
Dr
(+)
Insurance
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
30
Bank
CPJ 2
870
Month
(-)
N3
Day
Details
Cr
Fol
Amount
April
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
64
Dr
(+)
Wages
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
2022
30
Bank
CPJ 2
12 000
(-)
Month
N4
Day
Cr
Details
Fol
Amount
April
Dr ( + )
Cleaning Materials
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
2022
30
Bank
CPJ 2
3 410
Month
(-)
Day
Details
N5
Cr
Fol
Amount
April
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
65
ACTIVITY 1
Trial Balance
Trial Balance of Modern Hair Salon on 30 November 2021
Fol
Debit
Balance Sheet Section
Capital
B1
Drawings
B2
220
Equipment
B3
1 700
Bank
B4
1 550
Savings Account
B5
5075
Cash float
B6
100
Credit
15 612
Nominal Accounts Section
Current income
N1
14 210
Repairs
N2
62
Stationery
N3
140
Wages
N4
2 550
Salaries
N5
2 200
Rent expense
N6
3 300
Material
N7
12750
Telephone
N8
175
29 822
29 822
Activity 2: Trial Balance
Trial Balance of Spic-N-Span Cleaners on 30 November 2021
Fol
Debit
Balance Sheet Section
Capital
B1
Drawings
B2
9 000 
Vehicles
B3
25 000 
Equipment
B4
21 365 
Bank
B5
39 925 
Credit
100 000
Nominal Accounts Section
Current income
N1
47 050
Cleaning Material
N2
18 210 
Wages
N3
30 000 
Insurance
N4
1 740 
Telephone
N5
1 810 
147 050 
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
147 050 
66
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20
21
22.
GLOSSARY – TERM 4
Management
Activities that managers carry out to direct the business towards
achieving its objectives.
Top Management
A small group of people who are responsible for making long term
strategic planning decisions in the business.
Middle
A group of people who are responsible for carrying out /execute the long
Management
term plans, policies and decisions made by top management.
Lower Management A group of people responsible for day to day activities and tasks of the
particular section of the business.
Manager
The person responsible for planning, organizing leading and controlling
an organization or a business.
Organizing
Working out step by step, the order in which things are done/deciding
who will do what and also about how to use the available resources.
Planning
Working out the way something must be done by having clear
goals/objectives/deciding what you want to make happen and how it
must happen
Leading
A process of driving a business towards achieving its goals by telling
people exactly what to do and to encourage them.
Controlling
Making sure that plans are followed and everyone is doing the right job
at the right time.
Democratic
A management style where leaders discuss problems with the workers
management style
and ask their input , before they make their final decisions
Autocratic
A management style in which managers make all decisions on their own
management style
,without consulting their workers
Laissez –faire
A management style where workers are allowed to work on their own
management style
without any management or interference. Laissez-faire leaders have a
or free reign style
“do as you please attitude”
Posting
Transferring of a transaction entry from a Journal to the General Ledger
by summarizing the accounts
Capital
Money, as one of the factors of production, provided to start a business.
General Ledger
A collection of accounts in which the business summarizes all
transactions in an orderly way
T-Accounts
Another name used for the General due to the shape with Dr and Cr on
either side.
Debit side
The left hand side of the Ledger Account
Credit side
The right hand side of the Ledger Account
Double Entry
For each debit entry in one account, there is a credit entry in another
Principle
account.
Nominal Section
This section includes all the Incomes and Expenses Account
Balance Sheet
This section includes Capital, Drawings, Assets and Liabilities
Section
Trial Balance
A summary of debit and credit balances from the General Ledger
accounts to check the accuracy of the bookkeeper’s work.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
67
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
GR. 8 FORMAT FOR END OF YEAR CONTROLLED TEST (TASK 5)
PLEASE USE THE FOLLOWING FORMAT, IN ORDER TO HAVE THE SAME ITEMANALYSIS IN ALL SCHOOLS: Include only Term 3 + 4 content
The Controlled test must be structured according to the suggested format below.
PAPER 1: FINANCIAL LITERACY
QUESTION
SECTION A (1 mark each) 15
MARKS
1
Match column A and B
5
2
Multiple choice or True/false
5
3
Fill in the correct word
5
4
SECTION B
Accounting Equation
( Only cash payments
transactions)
35
5
TOPIC
All term 3 and 4 Financial Literacy
topics. Consider all cognitive levels
All term 3 and 4 Financial Literacy
topics. Consider all cognitive levels
All term 3 and 4 Financial
Literacy. Consider all cognitive
levels
Effect of cash payments transactions
on the accounting equation. An
appropriate example done should be
provided always.
5
Cash Journals (Service
16
Entering combined transactions in
enterprise)
the Cash
(CRJ 8 marks ,CPJ 8 marks)
Receipts and Cash Payments
Journal
6
Posting to the General Ledger
14
Provide a completed CRJ or CPJ
&Preparing a Trial Balance
and ask learners to post to two or
(Posting 8 marks)
three accounts. Provide a list of
(Trial Balance 6 marks)
accounts with balances and request
learners to prepare a Trial Balance
or correct a Trial Balance.
TOTAL MARKS
50
60 minutes
PAPER 2 : ENTREPRENEURSHIP
QUESTION SECTION A
15
1
Match column A and B
5
On forms of ownership, levels and
functions of management and
markets. Consider all cognitive
levels
2
Multiple choice or True /False
5
On forms of ownership, levels and
functions of management and
markets. Consider all cognitive
levels
3
Fill in the correct word
5
On forms of ownership, levels and
functions of management and
markets. Consider all cognitive
levels
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
68
SECTION B:ECONOMY
10
4
Markets
10
25
5
SECTION B:
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Forms of ownerships
5
15
Levels and functions of
management
10
TOTAL MARKS
50
A case study on different types of
markets.
Case study or paragraph can be given
and learners are requested to identify
forms of ownership. A table can be
provided and learners compare two or
three forms of ownerships
Name levels and functions of
management. Define concepts and
identify levels and functions from a
provided scenario
60 minutes
PROCEDURE:
1.
Start with Section B (paragraph type questions) first, e.g. Forms of ownership. Then only fill the gaps with
short questions on content that you could not properly cover in Section B and. If you start with Section A,
ensure you do not duplicate the same question in Section B, without noticing it.
2.
Complete all questions (Section B and short questions in Section A) on a specific topic (functions of
management) before starting with the next topic (Forms of ownership) This way your paper will be
balanced!
3.
Use the correct numbering. E.g. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and
USE a, b and c or roman figures!
4.
Each question should have a total. In Section B you should indicate the sub-totals of 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, etc.
SECTION B+C: (2 MARKS PER SENTENCE/ EXPLANATION / REMARK)
(1 MARK EACH FOR LISTING BRIEFLY)
If you only allocate 1 mark for a whole sentence, you are lowering the standard of the paper and
learners might not finish a 50 marks paper within 1 hour.
5.
Indicate the totals per section and the grand total at the end of the paper.
6.
Make sure that the subject, grade, duration, “CONTROLLED TEST – November/December 2024”, (school,
circuit, or district), and total appear on the front page.
7.
Insert a 3-column table initially, and type in the columns, to keep question numbers neatly on the left and
mark allocation on the right. Then delete the lines at the end, by going to “borders” and highlight the
specific lines/frames you want to delete/ hide.
8.
You can use questions from previous papers. Study the format of previous papers and let us have papers
that look professional! E.g. SECTION A, B AND C SHOULD BE IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND BOLDED.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
1.3.1, 1.3.2 for sub-questions. DO NOT
69
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
ANALYSIS OF LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE PER QUESTION/TOPIC
(Should be used to draft the SPIP for term 1 2025)
GRADE: 8 END OF YEAR CONTROLLED TEST 2024 PAPER 1
5
5
7. Posting to
GL
8. Trial
Balance
5
6. CPJ
5
5. CRJ
5
Equation
4. Accounting
5
B
3. Fill in the
correct word
Total per question:
1.Match
column A and
NAMES OF
LEARNERS:
2. True /False
or multiple
choice
(35)
8
8
8
8
8
8
Moderated marks
SECTION B
SECTION A
(15)
Learner’s total
marks
for this paper
Ledger
EDUCATOR: ………...……………….
SCHOOL: ……………………………………….
50
50
6
Above
average1.
2.
Average
3.
4.
Below
average
5.
Totals per question
AVERAGE MARK PER
QUESTION:
AVERAGE % PER
QUESTION:
5
5
6
GRADE AVERAGE for this paper (Including all learners in the grade): ………...%
SIGNATURE OF EDUCATOR:
………………………………..…
SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL/HOD: ………………………………. …..
SIGNATURE OF SUBJECT ADVISOR: ………………………………
DATE:…………………………
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
School stamp
70
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
ANALYSIS OF LEARNERS’ PERFORMANCE PER QUESTION/TOPIC
(Should be used to draft the SPIP for term 1 2025)
GRADE: 8 END OF YEAR CONTROLLED TEST
Paper 2
EDUCATOR: ………...……………….
5
5
5
5
10
15
10
50
10
15
10
5.Forms of ownerships
Learner’s total marks for this paper
5
4. Markets
3.Fill in the correct word
2. True / false or
Multiple choice
NAMES OF
LEARNERS
Total per question:
1.Match Column A and B
(15)
SECTION C
Entrepreneurship
(25)
6. Levels and
Functions of
management
SECTION
B
Economy
(10)
SECTION A
Moderated marks
SCHOOL: ……………………………………….
2024
50
Above
average1.
2.
Average
3.
4.
Below
average
5.
Totals per question
AVERAGE MARK PER
QUESTION:
AVERAGE % PER
QUESTION:
5
GRADE AVERAGE for this paper (Including all learners in the grade): ………...%
SIGNATURE OF EDUCATOR:
………………………………..…
SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL/HOD: ………………………………. …..
SIGNATURE OF SUBJECT ADVISOR: ………………………………
DATE:………………………………….
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
School stamp
71
ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
RECORD SHEET
TEACHER: ………………….…….…….………
Term 1
Task 1
Weighting
16.67%
Task 2
16.67%
Grade:8
Term 2
Term 3
Term 4
Task 3
Task 4
Task 5
SBA 60 %
33.33%
EXAM 40%
Project/ Case Study
Final Exam P1
Final Exam P2
Surname and Initials (in
alphabetical order)
Total of Midyear(P1&P2)
3
2
1
Mid-year Exam P2
4
Mid-year Exam P1
7
6
5
Controlled Test
80 - 100
70 - 79
60 - 69
50 - 59
40 - 49
30 - 39
0 - 29
100%
Data Response
Number
33.33%
SCALE:
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
50
Final Exam Total
SCHOOL: ………...…………….……….………
100
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
72
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
AVERAGES:
Educator
Attach validated quarterly print out from
Educator
Educator
Educator
HOD
HOD
SA-SAMS
HOD
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
HOD
73
ANNEXURES SUBJECT PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT PLAN (SPIP) FOR
TERM 4 ECONOMIC AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
GRADE: 8
NO.
CHALLENGING
TOPICS:
IN TERM 3& 4
BASED ON 2024 TERM 4 ITEM-ANALYSIS OF END- YEAR EXAMINATION
SPECIFY THE EXACT
INTERVENTION
CHALLENGE IN THE STRATEGY / PLANNED
TOPIC
ACTIVITY
RESOURCES
NEEDED
PERFORMANCE
WHO’S
INDICATORS
RESPONSIBILITY?
(after assessment)
TIME
FRAME
DATE
AND
TIME OF
CONTROL
MONITORING
BY HOD/DP
(comment on
progress made)
………….
Date
Comment:
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………..
Signature
………….
Date
Comment:
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………..
Signature
………….
Date
Comment:
……………………
……………………
……………………
……………..
Signature
1.
2.
3.
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
74
CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL OF _____________________________
Doc.
no.
Day
Name of payee
Fol.
Bank
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
CPJ1
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol
Detail
75
Cash Receipts Journal of _____________________________________
Doc Day
Details
Fol
Analysis
Bank
Current
of
income
Receipts
CRJ 1
Sundry accounts
Amount
Fol
Cash Payments Journal of ____________________________
Doc Day
Name of payee
Fol
Bank
CPJ 1
Sundry accounts
Amount
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
Details
Fol
Details
76
General Ledger of ……………………………….
Dr
Month
Cr
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Details
Dr
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Cr
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Details
Dr
Month
Amount
Cr
Dr
Month
Fol
Fol
Amount
Cr
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Month
Day
Details
Fol
Amount
Trial Balance of _______________________________________
Fol
Debit
Credit
Balance Sheet Section
Nominal Accounts Section
GR. 8 EMS – 2024 TERM 3+4 WORKSHOP MANUAL
78