Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns.
They answer what kind, how many, or which one.
What kind?
alert, beautiful, broken, calm, delicate, empty, famous, green, hilarious,
important, kind, new, rapid, serious, smooth, tense, unusual, witty, young
How many?
all, countless, couple, dozen, eight, enough, few, four, half, hundreds,
little, lots, many, much, numerous, one, several, single, some
Which one?
first, last, that, these, this, those*
Predicate adjectives are found in the predicate of a sentence.
They follow state of being verbs like seems, looks, or feels.
The elephants are enormous.
My dad seems ready.
The chimp looks confused.
Sheila feels isolated.
Is Elsa excited?
Donors were generous.
Demonstrative adjectives (this, that, these, those)
precede a noun. They answer which one.*
this
This computer has quite a bit of memory.
that
Did you see that flash of light?
these
John gave me these flowers for my birthday.
those
Those toys are not yours!
*Possessive pronouns (e.g., her, my, our) can also answer which one. See the Pronouns 1 lesson for more information.
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Articles
An article is a word that signals a noun.
The articles are a, an, and the.
a
an
the
A is used to refer to an
unspecified noun and comes
before a noun that begins
with a consonant sound.
An is used to refer to an
unspecified noun and
comes before a noun that
begins with a vowel sound.
The is used to refer to a
specific noun or a previously
mentioned noun.
a book
a grapevine
a lamp
a porcupine
a zookeeper
an author
an event
an igloo
an octopus
an umpire
the Prime Minister
the sun
the biography (that we read)
the road (to our cabin)
the assignment
The Prime Minister is visiting.
I like to read a book
before bed.
A grapevine grows in
our backyard.
She bought a lamp for
her sister.
A porcupine crosses
the road.
My uncle is a zookeeper.
My dream is to be an author.
The sun is behind a cloud.
The birth of my brother is
an event I will never forget.
We built an igloo on our
snow day.
He made an octopus out
of clay.
I volunteer as an umpire
on Saturdays.
The biography that we read
was about Miriam Makeba.
The road to our cabin is
closed for repairs.
My teacher gave us an
assignment for homework.
The assignment is due
on Monday.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Nouns
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea.
Person
Place
boy
officer
senator
cabin
auditorium
airport
Thing
Idea
cupcake
sock
camel
wisdom
slavery
envy
Singular vs. Plural Nouns
Common vs. Proper Nouns
ocean Pacific
building Gateway Arch
girl Simone
car
lion
fox
ê cars
ê lions
ê foxes
ê
ê
ê
Sample Sentences with Nouns
The lion roars.
Grasshoppers jump.
A car zooms.
Justice is for all.
The fox dashes.
Jonathan dances.
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Simple Sentences
Simple Sentence =
Subject (tells who or what the sentence is about) +
Predicate (tells what the subject does or is)
Simple Subject
one word that tells who or what
the sentence is about
bats
Simple Predicate
one word that tells what the
subject does or is
fly
Complete Subject
all the words that tell who or
what the sentence is about
nocturnal bats
Complete Predicate
all the word that tell what the
subject does or is
fly in the moonlight
Compound Subject
two simple subjects joined by
a conjunction
Tom and Ann
Compound Predicate
two simple predicates joined by
a conjunction
swam and snorkeled
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Verbs
Verbs show action or state of being in a sentence.
Every sentence must have a verb.
Sample Sentences with Action Verbs
Sample Sentences with Verbs of Being
The clock ticks.
The father seemed excited.
Spiders climb.
A window looked cracked.
A tourist snorkeled.
The hats were cozy.
An octopus floats.
A customer is unhappy.
The hotel stands.
The baby feels light.
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Phrases & Clauses
Phrases are groups of words that cannot stand alone.
A phrase is missing a subject or a predicate or both.
Examples of Phrases
Phrases in Sentences
above the clouds
the tall buildings
flew away
until tomorrow
by the time
The eagle soared above the clouds.
The tall buildings looked stately.
The untied balloon flew away.
We cannot go until tomorrow.
By the time we are done, the movie will be over.
A clause has a subject and a predicate. Independent clauses
can stand alone, but dependent clauses cannot. Dependent
clauses begin with a subordinating conjunction.
Independent Clauses
Dependent Clauses
flowers bloom and grow
you should come inside
we will win the game
when they are given proper sunlight
before dinner gets cold
because Blake can pitch well
Combining Independent and Dependent Clauses
Flowers bloom and grow when they are given proper sunlight.
You should come inside before dinner gets cold.
We will win the game because Blake can pitch well.
Phrases and Clauses in Sentences
The falcon clutched the dove in its claws before it escaped.
independent clause
phrase
dependent clause
After we finish the game, Dad will pick us up in the parking lot.
dependent clause
independent clause
phrase
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Prepositions
Prepositions show relationships.
Common prepositions
about, above, across, after, along, around, at, before,
behind, below, beside, between, by, down, during,
from, in, into, near, off, on, onto, out, over, since,
through, to, toward, under, until
Prepositional phrases answer where or when.
Where examples
above the clouds, behind the door, between the
windows, in the basement, off the coast, under the sea
When examples
after lunch, at noon, before school, during the night,
since yesterday, until tomorrow
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence.
Subject Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
that, which, who, whom, whose
Object Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
this, that, these, those
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
my, mine, your, ours, his, its, her, hers,
our, ours, their, theirs
Singular (take singular verb)
another, anybody, anyone, anything,
each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody,
no one, nothing, one, other, somebody,
someone, something
Interrogative Pronouns
what, which, who, whom, whose
Plural (take a plural verb)
both, few, many, others, several
Reflexive Pronouns
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Either
all, any, more, most, none, some
Examples
She gave it to him. It is not yours. It belongs to us. We bought it for ourselves.
My brother took the ball. He wanted it for himself. We drove your car to their house.
What do you want? That smells sweet. Anyone can come in. He said something.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Adverbs
Adverbs can describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
They answer how, when, where, or to what degree.
How
When
Where
To What
Degree
accidentally, bravely, carefully, deeply, excitedly, fast, freely,
heartily, openly, quickly, respectfully, swiftly, thoroughly, warmly
afterward, always, beforehand, daily, first, monthly, nightly,
now, often, quarterly, regularly, then, today, usually
anywhere, away, behind, downstairs, everywhere, here, inside,
nowhere, out, somewhere, there, underground, upstairs, westward
absolutely, almost, completely, enormously, enough, fully,
greatly, hardly, just, quite, really, somewhat, too, very
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Compound Sentences
Compound sentences join two complete sentences
into a more sophisticated sentence.
Use coordinating conjunctions (BOYFANS)
to create compound sentences.
Compound sentences use this format:
complete sentence + comma + coordinating conjunction + complete sentence.
Coordinating Conjunction
(BOYFANS)
Purpose:
When do I use this coordinating conjunction?
But
to show contrast
Or
to present an alternative
Yet
to show contrast that logically follows the
preceding idea
For
to explain cause
And
to add one idea to another
Nor
to present an additional negative idea
So
to indicate effect
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions (BOYFANS) combine words, phrases, and sentences.
Coordinating Conjunction (BOYFANS)
Purpose: When do I use this coordinating conjunction?
But
to show contrast
Or
to present an alternative
Yet
to show contrast that logically follows the preceding idea
For
to explain cause
And
to add one idea to another
Nor
to present an additional negative idea
So
to indicate effect
Paired conjunctions combine two words, phrases, or sentences.
Paired Conjunctions
Purpose: When do I use this paired conjunction?
both ... and
to connect two related ideas
either ... or
to contrast two alternative ideas
neither ... nor
to connect two negative ideas
not only ... but also
to connect two related ideas
whether ... or
to contrast two alternative ideas
Subordinating conjunctions combine an independent clause and a dependent clause.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Purpose: When do I use this subordinating conjunction?
rather than, whether
to indicate a choice
although, even if, even though, if, in spite
of, provided that, though, unless, while
to indicate a condition
where, wherever
to indicate a location or place
as if, in order that, so, so that, that
to explain a purpose or result
as, as much as, because, inasmuch as, in
order that, since, whereas
after, as, as soon as, before, once, since,
until, when, whenever, while
to explain a reason or cause
to indicate time
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Subject-Verb Agreement
In a sentence, the subject and verb must agree, or match, in number.
A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a
plural verb. Examples of subject-verb agreement specific to collective
nouns, compound subjects, and indefinite pronouns are also given.
Subject
Verb
Example
(subjects underlined; verbs circled)
The pilot checks the controls.
Singular subject
Singular
He loves to eat rutabagas.
Her dog barks at the mailman.
The flight attendants are in the cabin.
Plural subject
Plural
We enjoy swimming in the lake.
Scholars meet at the conference.
Collective noun*
(people or things that
act together and take
a singular verb)
The crowd cheers for the runners.
Singular
Our group works on the project.
Carlos and his brothers rehearse for the concert.
Compound subjects
joined by and*
Plural
Compound subjects
joined by or/nor*
Take verb that
agrees with
subject closest
to it
Indefinite pronouns that
end in one, thing, and
body*
Indefinite pronouns
such as many, all, most*
The committee looks for volunteers.
The writer and the illustrator collaborate.
She and I are excited about the dance.
The captains or the coach accepts the medal.
Neither the flight attendants nor the pilot is
ready for take-off.
The pilot or the flight attendants are going to
meet the new pilot.
Everyone enjoys my special dessert.
Singular
Something tastes spicy in this dish.
Is anybody here?
Many support the new legislation.
Plural
All are in the restaurant.
Most like the show.
*More advanced examples of subject-verb agreement
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Verb Tenses
Verbs tenses tell when the action happens.
Tense
How Is It Formed?
Shows Action ...
Sample Sentence
simple present
usually add -s or -es
that currently or regularly happens
She picks apples.
simple future
includes will
that has not yet happened
She will pick apples.
simple past
often ends in -ed
that already happened
She picked apples.
present perfect*
has/have + past tense
form of verb
completed at present time or that
continues at present
She has picked apples.
future perfect*
will have + past tense
form of verb
that will be completed at some
point in future
She will have picked
apples.
past perfect*
had + past tense form
of verb
that was completed in the past and
before something else happened
She had picked
apples.
present
progressive*
is/are + verb ending
in -ing
that is continuous or repeating
She is picking apples.
future
progressive*
will be + verb ending
in -ing
that will be continuous or repeating
She will be picking
apples.
past
progressive*
was/were + verb
ending in -ing
that was continuous or repeating
She was picking
apples.
*More advanced forms of verb tenses
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Complex Sentences
A complex sentence has an independent and a
dependent clause. The dependent clause begins with
a subordinating conjunction.
Purpose: When do I use this
Subordinating Conjunctions
subordinating conjunction?
choice
rather than, whether
condition
although, even if, even though, if, in spite
of, provided that, though, unless, while
location/place
where, wherever
purpose/result
as if, in order that, so that
reason/result or cause/effect
as, as much as, because, in as much as, in
order that, since, whereas
time
after, as, as soon as, before, once, since,
until, when, whenever, while
Sample Dependent Clauses (beginning with subordinating conjunctions)
as soon as
As soon as you finish your homework
whenever
Whenever Max participates in class
while
While Mrs. Stockdale graded exams
Complex Sentence Structures (with subordinating conjunctions)
dependent clause + comma + independent clause.
Even though Jenna could not find
enough sugar, she still made cookies.
independent clause + dependent clause.
Jenna still made cookies even though
she could not find enough sugar.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Run-on Sentences
A run-on sentence has two or more independent
clauses that do not have appropriate punctuation or
a conjunction to join them together.
Run-on Sentence
Examples
Revise with Punctuation Revise with a Comma
(period, semicolon, or colon)
+ Conjunction
The birds perched by
the window they sang a
melody.
The birds perched by the
window. They sang a melody.
or
The birds perched by the
window; they sang a melody.
The birds perched
by the window, and
they sang a melody.
Nurses are rated to
be the most trusted
professionals they are
vastly underpaid.
Nurses are rated to be the most
trusted professionals. They are
vastly underpaid.
or
Nurses are rated to be the most
trusted professionals; they are
vastly underpaid.
Nurses are rated to be the
most trusted professionals,
yet they are vastly underpaid.
Basketball was first
played with peach
baskets, players had to
use a ladder to retrieve
the ball when points
were scored.
Basketball was first played with
peach baskets. Players had to
use a ladder to retrieve the ball
when points were scored.
or
Basketball was first played with
peach baskets: players had to
use a ladder to retrieve the ball
when points were scored.
Basketball was first played
with peach baskets, so
players had to use a ladder
to retrieve the ball when
points were scored.
I would sing every day I
love it.
I would sing every day. I love it.
or
I would sing every day: I love it.
I would sing every day
because I love it.*
*When using a subordinating conjunction in the middle of a sentence, no comma is needed.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Compound Sentences
Compound sentences join two complete sentences
into a more sophisticated sentence.
Use coordinating conjunctions (BOYFANS)
to create compound sentences.
Compound sentences use this format:
complete sentence + comma + coordinating conjunction + complete sentence.
Coordinating Conjunction
(BOYFANS)
Purpose:
When do I use this coordinating conjunction?
But
to show contrast
Or
to present an alternative
Yet
to show contrast that logically follows the
preceding idea
For
to explain cause
And
to add one idea to another
Nor
to present an additional negative idea
So
to indicate effect
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence.
Subject Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
that, which, who, whom, whose
Object Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
this, that, these, those
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
my, mine, your, ours, his, its, her, hers,
our, ours, their, theirs
Singular (take singular verb)
another, anybody, anyone, anything,
each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody,
no one, nothing, one, other, somebody,
someone, something
Interrogative Pronouns
what, which, who, whom, whose
Plural (take a plural verb)
both, few, many, others, several
Reflexive Pronouns
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Either
all, any, more, most, none, some
Examples
She gave it to him. It is not yours. It belongs to us. We bought it for ourselves.
My brother took the ball. He wanted it for himself. We drove your car to their house.
What do you want? That smells sweet. Anyone can come in. He said something.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Compound-Complex
Sentences
A compound-complex sentence combines two or more
independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.
Both coordinating and subordinating conjunctions are used.
after, although, as, as soon as,
even if, even though, if, where
BOYFANS
but, or, yet, for, and, nor, so
[ After the play ended,] the actor took a bow, and he left the stage.
subordinating
conjunction
+ dependent + independent + coordinating +
clause
clause
conjunction
independent
clause
I’ll bring the dog inside [ if he barks,] and you feed him.
independent
clause
+ subordinating + dependent + coordinating + independent
conjunction
clause
conjunction
clause
When you write sentences, remember your SNEEQS!
S — The beginning of a sentence always needs a capital letter.
N — The proper names of people, places, and things always need a capital letter.
E — At the end of a sentence, there is usually a period.
E — When the sentence contains emotion or excitement, use an exclamation
point at the end.
Q — When the sentence asks a question, use a question mark at the end.
S — Use a comma between a series of words and to separate clauses.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Interjections
Interjections show emotions.
They usually stand alone and are followed by a comma
or exclamation mark.
Excitement or Amazement:
Wow! Hurray! Bravo! Awesome! Cheers!
Disgust or Disdain:
Ew! No thanks. Dang! Jeepers! Ugh.
Greeting or Attention Grabber:
Hey! Look! Listen! Hello! Behold! Ahem.
Pain or Mistake:
Oops. Ouch! Whoops! Doh!
Stalling or Thinking:
Um. Er. Well. Huh. Hmm.
ote that many interjections can convey sarcasm or verbal irony in which there is a
N
difference between what is said and what is meant.
Punctuating Dialogue
Keep punctuation inside quotation marks.
“Whoops!” -not- “whoops”!
Start a new paragraph for a new speaker.
“Why on Earth did you do that?” Lisa scolded.
“Um. I just wasn’t thinking!” retorted Jeff.
Use commas to start dialogue and when
spitting dialogue.
Lisa said, “Throwing a ball in the house is a
bad idea.”
“I know,” replied Jeff, “I just got carried away.”
Use ellipses when your speaker’s thoughts
trail off.
“Ugh. What is mom going to say when she
sees…” sighed Lisa.
Use dashes when your speaker gets cut off.
Jeff shouted, “Wait! You can’t tell her I broke--”
“Oh, yes I can!” interrupted Lisa.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun in a sentence.
Subject Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we, they
that, which, who, whom, whose
Object Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
me, you, him, her, it, us, them
this, that, these, those
Possessive Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
my, mine, your, ours, his, its, her, hers,
our, ours, their, theirs
Singular (take singular verb)
another, anybody, anyone, anything,
each, either, everybody, everyone,
everything, neither, nobody,
no one, nothing, one, other, somebody,
someone, something
Interrogative Pronouns
what, which, who, whom, whose
Plural (take a plural verb)
both, few, many, others, several
Reflexive Pronouns
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Either
all, any, more, most, none, some
Examples
She gave it to him. It is not yours. It belongs to us. We bought it for ourselves.
My brother took the ball. He wanted it for himself. We drove your car to their house.
What do you want? That smells sweet. Anyone can come in. He said something.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.
Verbals
Verbals are verbs that function as other parts of speech.
Participles
Gerunds
Infinitives
Function as part of the verb
or as an adjective
Function as a noun
Function as a noun,
adjective, or adverb
verb + -ing or -ed
verb + -ing
to + verb
Part of a perfect verb:
Noun:
Noun:
They had moved away.
Mom’s cooking impressed
our company.
To question is an effective
strategy when reading a
difficult text.
Spiders have scurried
across the ceiling.
Adjective:
He scoured the printed
page for clues.
The children arrived with
the smell of the baking
muffins.
The judge called my
singing superb!
Stretching increases
flexibility and reduces
stress.
Adjective:
The car to own is the one
that never needs repair.
Adverb:
They returned to the hotel
to change.
This material is a component of Lexia PowerUp Literacy™. www. lexialearning.com © 2018 Lexia Learning, a Rosetta Stone company.
Last updated 07/2017 Reprinted for classroom use only. All other rights reserved. Not for resale.