Listeria Monocytogenes Mycoplasma Gram POSITIVE - Gram POSITIVE - Info: Psychotropic (grows in cold) Info: Mollicutes (no cell wall), smallest independent growing bacteria Causes: gastroenteritis, neonatal meningitis Causes: (M.Gen) (STD, urethritis in men, endometriosis in women) & (M.Pne) (Walking Pneumonia) Transmission: Zoonotic via food (milk, poultry) Transmission: (M.Gen) sexually, (M.Pne) respiratory Mycobacterium Leprae Enteroccus Faecalis Gram POSITIVE - NO VACCINE Gram POSITIVE Info: Acid-fast bacteria, effects macrophages Info: Gut micro-biome, antibiotic resistant, opportunistic Causes: leprosy (lepromatous, tuberculoid) Causes: UTI, wound infection, endocarditis Transmission: Zoonotic (armadillos), contact, respiratory Transmission: Nosocomial Mocardia Asteroides Propionibacterium Acnes Gram POSITIVE Gram POSITIVE Info: Acid-fast bacteria, soil microorganism, opportunistic Info: Lives in hair follicles and eats subem Causes: Pneumonia, endocarditis, encephalitis Causes: Acne Transmission: Nosocomial Transmission: Micro-biome Actinomyces Israeli Micrococcus Luteus Gram POSITIVE Gram POSITIVE Info: Skin and oral microbiome, opportunistic Causes: gingivitis, wound infections, endocarditis Info: Component of skin micro-biome , can be opportunistic (extremely immune-compromised - HIV) Transmission: Self-inoculation, post-surgical Causes: Endocarditis, Pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis Gardnerella Vaginalis Transmission: Micro-biome Gram POSITIVE - Bactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, Leukonostoc Causes: BV (causes or a sign?) Gram POSITIVE Probiotic Transmission: Antibiotic micro biome disruption Bacto: Found in gastro/vaginal - Ulcerative colitis and common cold Mechanism: Antibiotic treatment -> decreases lactobacilli -> increases pH -> increases G. vaginosis Lacto: Found in vaginal/intestinal/oral – IBD, Crohns, Necrotizing, Enterocolitis, food production (yogurt, beer, etc) Corynebacterium Diphtheria Leuko: Found in environment i.e. skin of foods – Food production (sauerkraut, kefir) Gram POSITIVE - VACCINE (DTAP) Bartonellea Henselae Info: Pharyngitis Gram NEGATIVE Causes: Diphtheria Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever Transmission: Respiratory Causes: Cat scratch fever Mechanism: Toxin inhibits translation which results in cell death forming pseudo-membrane of dead WBC, bacteria and epithelium (inhibits protein synthesis) Transmission: Zoonotic - cats, fleas, ticks Bartonellea Quintana Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Gram NEGATIVE - Gram NEGATIVE - Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever Info: STD Causes: Trench fever Causes: Gonorrhea, neonatal conjunctivitis Transmission: Zoonotic - Lice Transmission: Sexual, congenital Brucella Abortus Neisseria Meningitidis Gram NEGATIVE - Gram NEGATIVE - Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever Causes: Meningococcal meningitis Causes: Brucellosis (Bang’s Disease/Undulant fever), spontaneous abortion Transmission: Respiratory Transmission: Zoonotic – cattle (milk) Bordetella Pertussis Erlichia Gram NEGATIVE - Gram NEGATIVE - Causes: Whooping Cough Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever, intracellular pathogen Transmission: Respiratory Causes: Infects WBC (erlichiosis) Transmission: Ticks Mechanism: Catarrhal (stage 1), Paroxysmal - cilia is destroyed (stage 2), mucus accumulates causing irritation of respiratory responses, Convalescent – pathogen diminishes (stage 3) Coxiella Enterobacteriaciae – Enterobacter Aerogenes Gram NEGATIVE Gram NEGATIVE - Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever, intracellular pathogen, spore forming Info: Enteric pathogen, benign in gut, opportunistic Causes: Q fever Causes: Pneumonia, septicemia Transmission: Zoonotic via milk and ticks Transmission: Nosocomial Rickettsia Enterobacteriaciae – Klebsiella Pneumoniae Gram NEGATIVE - Gram NEGATIVE - Info: Non-hemorrhagic fever, obligate intracellular pathogen Info: Enteric pathogen, benign in gut Causes: R.Rickettsii – Rocky Mountain spotted fever rash, R. Akari – Rickettsialpox, R. Prowazekii - typhus Causes: Lobar pneumonia, wounds/soft tissue infections, UTIs Transmission: Respiratory, nosocomial Transmission: Zoonotic – ticks, mites, lice Enterobacteriaciae – Proteus Mirabilis Chlamydia Trachoamtis Gram NEGATIVE Gram NEGATIVE Info: Enteric pathogen, benign in gut Info: Obligate intracellular pathogen, Second most common STD Causes: UTI Causes: Chlamydiasis, Trachoma (neonatal conjunctivitis) Transmission: Nosocomial Transmission: Sexual, congenital Enterobacteriaciae – Serratia Marcescens Yersinia - Pestis Gram NEGATIVE - Gram NEGATIVE – ANNENUATED VACCINE Info: Enteric pathogen, benign in gut Info: Starts as bubonic plague without treatment turns to pneumonic Causes: UTIs, wound infections, catheter-assc. bacteremia Causes: Plague (bubonic - necrosis/pneumonic - septicemic) Transmission: Nosocomail, environment Transmission: Zoonotic via fleas that feed on rodent and bite humans, pneumonic from human to human E.Coli – Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) Yersinia - Enterocolitica Gram NEGATIVE Gram NEGATIVE Info: Enteric pathogen, benign in gut, main causes of neonatal meningitis, due to shiga toxin Causes: Hemorrhagic colitis, dysentery (blood in stool), hemolytic uremic syndrome (stool in blood), diarrhea, UTI (leading cause of UTI) Causes: Gastroenteritis, Orphan disease Transmission: Feral-ish dogs/cats, poop Francisella Tularensis Transmission: Nosocomail, water/food-borne Gram NEGATIVE - Shigella Causes: Tularemia (cutaneous-rabbit fever or respiratory-vaporized) Gram NEGATIVE Transmission: Zoonotic via respiratory, direct contact, tick bite Info: Shiga toxin inhibits translation causing cell death (s.Dysenteriae most severe form) Helicobacter Pylori Causes: Shigellosis - dysentery, hemolytic uremic syndrome Gram NEGATIVE - Transmission: Zoonotic via food (milk, poultry) Info: Microaerophilic, in gut microbiome, destroys mucus infecting epithelium resulting in inflammation and damage, AB cures ulcers Salmonella Causes: Gastric (peptic) ulcer Gram NEGATIVE Transmission: Fecal-oral, human primary reservoir Info: Can be carried asymptomatically Legionella Pneumophila Causes: Enteritis, septicemia, typhoid fever Gram NEGATIVE - VACCINE Transmission: Zoonotic via food (milk, poultry) Info: Naturally in amoeba, infects alveolar macrophages Vibrio - Vulnificus Causes: Legionellosis (atypical pneumonia), Pontiac fever Gram NEGATIVE Transmission: Air conditioning/Water spray, non-communicable Causes: Wound infections with tissue necrosis Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Transmission: Contaminated water, brackish water, crustaceans Gram NEGATIVE - VACCINE Vibrio - Cholerae Info: AB resistant Gram NEGATIVE Causes: Skin infections (green nail/hot tub), UTI, GI, pneumonia in cystic fib. Info: Toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase which increases cAMP levels and ion excretion Transmission: Nosocomial, opportunistic Causes: Cholera (profuse diarrhea) Haemophilus Influenza Transmission: Contaminated water, crustaceans Gram NEGATIVE – VACCINE MANDATED (loves blood) Causes: Meninitis, otitis media, pharyngitis Transmission: Respiratory, community acquired Treponema Pallidum Diderm spirochetes Info: Stage 1 – mucosa (chancre), Stage 2 – rash and fever, Stage 3 – destruction of organs and tissues Causes: Syphilis, bejel, yaws Transmission: Sexual via mucous membranes Borrelia Burgdorferi Diderm spirochetes Info: Causes: Lyme disease (bullseye rash), chronic disease – arthritis, myocarditis, neuropathy (neurologicall damage) Transmission: Zoonotic (ticks) Leptospira Interrogans Diderm spirochetes – VACCINE FOR DOGS Causes: Leptospirosis, whale syndrome progresses to kidney and liver failure Transmission: Zoonotic (dogs) via animal urine acquired by humans
