Eliz Markowitz, MS, MS MOT
 What is the
PPR?
 Who administers
the PPR?
 What is a CAT?
How does it
work?
 How many questions are on the PPR?
 __ Scored
 __ Experimental
 How many domains of knowledge are tested?
 Competencies?
 You have __ hours to complete the exam
 How long should the test take?
 4 Domains
 13 Core Competencies
Domain
% of PPR
I
Designing instruction and assessment to promote student learning
34%
II
Creating a positive, productive learning environment
13%
III
Implementing effective, responsive instruction and assessment
33%
IV
Fulfilling professional roles and responsibilities
20%
 OMGZ. You found out that you have to take the
PPR in three days. (EEK!) You’ve decided that you
should focus your time studying material in three
domains.
 WHICH
DOMAINS DO
YOU
CHOOSE?!?
 Describe these types of questions.
 Single Questions
 Questions with Stimulus Material
 Clustered Questions
 Decision Sets
 Are some question types easier than others?
 Do some questions require less time?
 What type of question is it?
 Put the question in your own words.
 Why bother having the activity?
 What do YOU think the answer is?
 Which answer best matches your answer?
 What can you eliminate?
Cross out (A) because it would not guarantee that misconceptions
would be eliminated. Eliminate (C) because having students examine
two sides does not necessarily ensure that students’ will base final
conclusions on reason. Eliminate (D) because students are not
generating new ideas; rather, students are simply considering two
sides of an issue. Accordingly, (B) is the best answer; it is soft and
does not use extreme language.
 What’s the story?
 What are the
keywords?
 WHY bother having a
meeting?
 How would YOU
answer the question?
Eliminate (B) because the passage
never discusses rewarding effective
teaching practices.
Choice (C) can be eliminated
because the purpose of meeting is
to discuss strategy, not compare
and/or rank teaching methods.
Eliminate (D) because, while
teachers MAY counsel each other
when frustrated, the primary
purpose was to discuss strategy.
Since teachers meet to discuss
strategies for struggling students,
(A) is the correct answer.
 If you have a passage, read it FIRST.
 What is the main idea?
 What are some key words in the passage?
 Translate the question into your own words.
 What are some key words? What is important?
 What do YOU think the answer is?

Which answer best matches your answer?
Cross out (B) and (D) because teachers cannot neither determine the
amount of time to devote to individual/classroom instruction or the
presentation materials prior to determining how to sequence and pace
instruction. Eliminate (C) because teacher-parent communication does not
effect classroom learning. Accordingly, (A) is the best answer because it
addresses an immediate need.
 Do you NEED to
read the story
again?
 Put the question into your own words.
 What needs to happen?
 What do YOU think the answer is?
 Which answer best matches your answer?
In order to ensure that instruction will proceed smoothly, it is essential that the two
teachers maintain contact throughout the entirety of the unit. While communication
prior to the start of the instruction is important, creating a plan and identifying
teacher tasks fails to account for the specific learner abilities; accordingly, eliminate
(A) and (C). Eliminate (D) for three reasons: the time commitment would be
enormous, pre-fabricating instruction fails to allow flexibility in the classroom, and
jointly creating lessons defeats the purpose of utilizing the skill-sets of both teachers.
Accordingly, (B) is the best answer because it allows for continual communication.
 What are some key
words?
 What do you know
about Piaget’s
stages of cognitive
development?
Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
In order to answer this
question correctly, you
MUST know Piaget’s stages
of cognitive development.
According to Piaget, a
student in the formal
operational stage of
development is capable of
abstract thought. Thus, (A)
is the correct answer.
1. Test bias refers to whether or
not
 What is a test?
 What is a bias?
 Put it together and
what do you get?
1. Test bias refers to whether or not
A. a test measures what it
purports to measure.
B. a test consistently measures
what it purports to measure.
C. the test discriminates between
students who are intelligent or
lacking intelligence.
D. the test discriminates among
students on the basis of race,
ethnicity, gender, cultural or
socio-economic background, or
other ideographic
characteristics.
 Eliminate answer
choices that fail to
address the concept
of bias.
 Eliminate answer
choices that go
beyond the scope of
the question.
1. Test bias refers to whether or not
A. a test measures what it
purports to measure.
B. a test consistently measures
what it purports to measure.
C. the test discriminates between
students who are intelligent or
lacking intelligence.
D. the test discriminates among
students on the basis of race,
ethnicity, gender, cultural or
socio-economic background, or
other ideographic
characteristics.
Eliminate (A) because test validity
refers to whether or not a test
measures what it purports to
measure.
Eliminate (B) because test reliability
refers to whether or not a test
consistently measures what it
purports to measure.
Eliminate (C) because a test that
discriminates based on intelligence
is the objective of an intelligence
test.
Since bias is a prejudice towards a
certain item or group, (D) is the
correct answer.
 What is the
question asking?
 What are some key
words?
 How would YOU
answer the
question?
 Do NOT eliminate
an answer choice
just because you
don’t understand a
word.
 Word association
 Vocational
 Metacognitive
Eliminate (B) because the purpose
of the assignment is not to focus on
vocational, or occupational, skills.
Choice (C) can be eliminated
because students are simply
creating documents, not thinking
about their thought processes.
Eliminate (D) because neither a
résumé nor job application are used
to identify instructional goals.
•
Meta means ‘about.’
•
•
Metadata  Data about data
Metacognition  Thinking about thinking
Here, students are being assessed
on the ability to utilize skills gained
in the “career and technology” class
for real world skills. Thus, (A) is the
correct answer.
1.
Alternative Assessment
A.
2.
Criterion Referenced
Assessment
Measuring skill acquisition by
means of a standardized test
B.
Monitoring progress pre- and
post-learning in order to
identify necessary adjustments
C.
Formal or Informal evaluation
occurring post-instruction
D.
A standardized measure of
specific skill or content
mastery
E.
Evaluation using means other
than conventional testing
3.
Formal Assessment
4.
Formative Assessment
5.
Summative Assessment
1.
Alternative Assessment
A.
2.
Criterion Referenced
Assessment
Measuring skill acquisition by
means of a standardized test
B.
Monitoring progress pre- and
post-learning in order to
identify necessary adjustments
C.
Formal or Informal evaluation
occurring post-instruction
D.
A formal assessment that
compares a student’s test
score to a list of skills.
E.
Evaluation using means other
than conventional testing
3.
Formal Assessment
4.
Formative Assessment
5.
Summative Assessment
1) E
2) D
3) A
4) B
5) C
1. Didactic Instruction
A.
Instruction that adapts to meet student needs
by allowing a variety of assignment types
B.
Teacher-center instruction based on structured
delivery and task completion
4. Learner-Centered Instruction
C.
Teaching via lecture; little student interaction
5. Interdisciplinary Instruction
D.
Self-paced instruction
E.
Instruction that incorporates multiple subjects
F.
The best instruction for a given student
G.
Learning that occurs via means other than
focused instruction and/or study
H.
Instruction that focuses on the individual learner
and promotes higher-order thinking
2. Indirect Learning
3. Differentiated Instruction
6. Direct Instruction
7. Programmed Instruction
8. Appropriate Instruction
1. Didactic Instruction
A.
Instruction that adapts to meet student needs
by allowing a variety of assignment types
B.
Teacher-center instruction based on structured
delivery and task completion
4. Learner-Centered Instruction
C.
Teaching via lecture; little student interaction
5. Interdisciplinary Instruction
D.
Self-paced instruction
E.
Instruction that incorporates multiple subjects
F.
The best instruction for a given student
G.
Learning that occurs via means other than
focused instruction and/or study
H.
Instruction that focuses on the individual learner
and promotes higher-order thinking
2. Indirect Learning
3. Differentiated Instruction
6. Direct Instruction
7. Programmed Instruction
8. Appropriate Instruction
1) C
5) E
2) G
6) B
3) A
7) D
4) H
8)F
1. Behaviorism
2. Cognitive Learning Style
3. Constructivism
A.
The way in which an individual acquires
knowledge.
B.
Students collaborate to learn & acquire skills
C.
Learning that moves from general to specific
ideas.
D.
A set of proposed theories regarding the way in
which individuals learn.
E.
Learning that involves interaction with the
environment and its objects.
F.
The idea that all behaviors are acquired through
conditioning.
G.
The learner builds his/her own understanding
based on prior experiences and knowledge.
4. Cooperative Learning
5. Deductive Learning
6. Discovery Learning
7. Learning Theory
1. Behaviorism
2. Cognitive Learning Style
3. Constructivism
A.
The way in which an individual acquires
knowledge.
B.
Students collaborate to learn & acquire skills
C.
Learning that moves from general to specific
ideas.
D.
A set of proposed theories regarding the way in
which individuals learn.
E.
Learning that involves interaction with the
environment and its objects.
F.
The idea that all behaviors are acquired through
conditioning.
G.
The learner builds his/her own understanding
based on prior experiences and knowledge.
4. Cooperative Learning
5. Deductive Learning
6. Discovery Learning
7. Learning Theory
1) F
5) C
2) A
6) E
3) G
7) D
4) B
 Review the domains
 Review vocabulary
 Google PPR Vocabulary
 Some fine people already made quizzes for you to
take!
 Don’t Panic
 You will rock this test out. No doubt.
 Ask ‘em
 The State of Texas.