1. Why might you find differences between a phylogenetic tree of arthropods
published in 2010 and another tree that uses the same species that was
published in 2020?
a. The arthropod species in the tree in 2010 most likely have gone extinct
and the data from these species can't be used
b. New or improved data was most likely available that could improve the
tree.
c. The relationship of arthropods was determined as a fact in 2010, so there
would be no difference between the two trees.
2. According to the 2019 paper by Giribet and Edgcombe, which of these organisms
are most similar to the subphylum Hexapoda?
a. A velvet worm
b. A lobster
i.
Yes, hexapods and crustaceans are grouped together in Pancrustacea in
this phylogeny.
c. A spider
3. Which of these characters would you expect to find in insects? Select all that
apply.
a. Deuterostome development
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Only 6 legs
Exoskeleton
Biramous appendages
One pair of antennae
Ventral nerve cord
Bilateral symmetry
Pedipalps
4. If you were going to draw a new "species scape diagram" which individual would
you draw the largest in your image?
a. A spider
b. A tree
c. An insect
d. A bacterial cell
5. The three tagmata of insects are: ____, _____, and _____.
a. Head, thorax, abdomen.
6. In which of these insects would you find a haustellate mouthpart?
a. A carabid beetle attacking and eating other insects
b. A bed bug feeding on human blood
c. Mosquito larvae filtering food from standing water
7. Match the type of antennae with the correct descriptor: Filliform, Moniliform,
Flabellate, geniculate.
a. Linear and slender
b. “String of beads”
c. Fan-shaped
d. Elbowed
8. Match the type of legs with the correct function: Saltatorial, scansorial, cursorial,
fossorial.
a. Jumping
b. Clinging
c. Running
d. Digging
9. Match the part of the exoskeleton with the correct descriptor: Exocuticle,
Endocuticle, Epicuticle, Epidermis:
a. Hard, stiff, dark
b. Soft and pale
c. Impermeable
d. Cell monolayer
10. Which type of muscle innervation would be needed for an insect that needs to
make fast and powerful movements?
a. Single terminal innervationCorrect!
b. Fast axons
c. Slow axons
11. If an insect has indirect muscular control of their wings, which structure is moved
by the flight muscles?
a. Coxa
b. Thorax
c. Wings
12. Because insects are relatively small, compared with humans, they:
a. they have a relatively low surface area:body volume ratio, and as small
creatures, can become trapped by surface tension.
b. they did not evolve hormonal mechanisms for bodily homeostasis.ct!
c. have a comparatively high surface area:body volume ratio, which makes
terrestrial insects prone to desiccation.
13. The 3 main types of hormones in insects:
a. are also found in humans.
b. all originate in brain neurosecretory centers.
c. are neuropeptides, juvenile hormones, and ecdysteriods.
14. Which is NOT a feature of the insect circulatory system?
a. distribution of blood cells & nutrients
b. encapsulation of parasitesCorrect!
c. circulation of oxygen
d. coagulation of hemolymph
15. Match the structure with its description or function: Peritreme, tracheole, ostia,
pulsatile organs.
a. Reduce water loss
b. Deliver oxygen directly to cells
c. Openings in insect heart
d. Blood circulation to legs, wings, antennae
16. Identify the FALSE statement below:
a. In insects, both the foregut and hindgut are lined with cuticle but the
midgut is not.
b. Insects such as cicadas, which ingest excessive amounts of fluids, have
evolved a filter chamber associated with the midgut.t!
c. The site of nutrient absorption in humans is the stomach and in insects it
is the midgut.
17. Match the term on the left with its function/identifier: Malpighian tubules,
cryptonephredial complex, osmoregulation, excretion, ammonia, uric acid.
a. Primary urine production
b. Resorb water
c. Maintenance of homeostatic salt and water levels
d. Removal of toxins and metabolic waste products
e. Most toxic nitrogenous waste product
f. Nitrogenous waste product of terrestrial insects
18. Match the term with the correct descriptor: Spermatheca, aedeagus (intromittent
organ), vitellogenesis, traumatic (hemocoelic) insemination, parthenogenesis,
polyembryony.
a. Where sperm is stored in the female insect
b. Insect penis
c. Production of egg yolk proteins
d. Weird characteristic of bed bugs
e. Development from an unfertilized egg
f. Subdivision of one egg into many more
19. Which statement below is TRUE?
a. Male insects do not have any spermCorrect!
b. If a male honey bee mates with a queen bee, he will die due the act of
mating
c. Most insects use external fertilization
20. Insect trachea may be modified into air sacs, which differ from trachea by the
lack of what structural component?
a. Spiracles
b. Gills
c. Taenidia
21. Insect secondary urine differs from primary urine in which way?
a. Secondary urine is only created when an insect consumes blood
b. Secondary urine is made of ammonia, but primary urine is notCorrect!
c. Secondary urine is the form that leaves the insect body through the anus,
primary urine does not
22. Insects like mosquitoes can have modified digestive systems that include a food
canal with a diverticulated _____.
a. Crop
23. Select ALL the nervous systems components you could find in both Humans
and Insects:
a. Synapse
i.
Insects and humans both have nerves which are separated from each
other by small gaps called synapses. Our nerve structure is very similar
to insects.
b. Reflex Arc
i.
Immediate sensory input via reflex arcs are critical for humans and
insects to respond immediately to stimuli
c. Motor neuron
i.
In order to move in response to a stimuli both humans and insect have
motor neurons
d. Ganglia
i.
Ganglia, or the clusters of nerve cell bodies are present in both humans
and insects. In humans, you can find them outside of the central nervous
system, and in insects the ganglia help parts of the insect body to function
based on degrees of fusion.
e. A spinal cord protected by a backbone
f. Neurotransmitters
i.
Insects and humans both have nerves which are separated from each
other by small gaps called synapses. Neurotransmitters are chemicals
that help electrical impulses travel across the synapse. Our nerve
structure is very similar to insects.
24. Electroantennograms can help researchers develop what type of products?
a. Pheremone based mating disruption products
b. An insect call that replicates tymbaling
c. UV cameras to see flower patterns meant for insects
25. In which scenario would an insect most likely use a sensory neuron?
a. To produce a hormone to indicate mating statusCorrect!
b. To receive the signal that something is touching it
c. To move away from a threat
26. Identify the FALSE statement:
a. Insects use their tympanal organs to make noise, just as a drum
("tympani") makes noise.
b. Higher sound frequencies have shorter wavelengths, and lower
frequencies have longer wavelengths.
c. Chordotonal organs, which receive vibrations, enable insects to perceive
sounds and are quite widespread.
d. Sound is a form of energy caused by a vibration that is transmitted
through a medium, which can be either air, liquid, or solid.
e. Stridulation is the most common method of sound production in insects.
27. Semiochemicals are communication chemicals. Match the type of
semiochemical with the correct descriptor: Pheromone, synomone, kairomone,
allomone.
a. For communication among individuals of the same species
b. Benefits producer and receiver
c. Benefits receiver disadvantages producer
d. Benefits producer, neutral for recipient
28. Identify the FALSE statement below regarding vision in insects and humans.
a. Without instruments or some other form of assistance, humans can only
see in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum.
b. Many insects see in the ultraviolet portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum.Correct!
c. Unlike humans, insects generally have visual pigments that enable them
to see in the green portion of the visible spectrum.
d. In a praying mantis, different regions of the compound eye provide
different resolutions (visual acuity), and the region with the greatest acuity
(fovea) enables the insect to strike its prey with great accuracy
29. Match the insect orders with a key characteristic of that order: Ephemeroptera,
Odonata, Orthoptera, Mantodea, Dermaptera, Neuroptera, Raphidiophtera,
Siphonaptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera.
a. Triangular shaped fore wing, 2-3 caudal filaments
b. Nymphs have gills either in their rectum or attached to end of the
abdomen
c. Adults have leathery straight front wing and wider hind wing, males
produce songs for females
d. Raptorial forelegs and heart shaped face
e. Leathery front wings, pincer like cerci on abdomen
f. Four even sized wings with lots of fine veins, many are predatory
g. Elongated prothorax, long and flat head, thickened and colored wing cells
h. Sucking mouthparts, no wings, hind legs for jumping
i. One pair of wings one pair of halteres, typically large compound eyes
j. Fringed wings
30. Match the the Hemipteran suborder to an insect that you would find in that
suborder: Sternorrhyncha, Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha.
a. Aphid
b. Stink bug
c. Cicada
31. If an insect is molting from the first instar larval form to the second instar larval
form, what do we know about the insect at that time?
a. Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone are both high
b. Ecdysone is low, Juvenile Hormone is highYou Answered
c. Ecdysone is high, Juvenile Hormone is Low
d. Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone are both low
32. In the metamorphosis lecture, you were given several examples of degrees of
metamorphosis. Using your knowledge of metamorphosis and taxonomy, match
the orders with the best term to describe their development: Orthoptera,
Odonata, Lepidoptera, Strepsiptera.
a. Paurometabolous insect
b. Hemimetabolous insect
c. Triphasic holometabolous insect
d. Radical heterometabolous metamorphosis
33. What is this tiger beetle doing, and why?
a. Push ups, to raise the internal body temperature in response to cool
ambient temperature.Correct!
b. Stilting, in response to very high temperature of the substrate (likely sand).
c. Basking in the sun to warm up, in response to cool ambient temperatures.
34. What is happening in this photo?
a. Female tsetse fly is "giving birth" to her large larva
b. Parasitic fly has emerged from her host
c. Female parasitoid is laying her egg into a grub