IFC® and IBC® Hazardous
Materials Provisions
Based on the 2018 International Fire Code® (IFC®) and the
2018 International Building Code,® (IBC®)
Module 1: Overview - Welcome
 Meet the instructor
 Why are you here?
 What specifics would you
like addressed?
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
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Hidden Slides
 Printed handouts
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Description
This seminar
addresses
requirements for:
 buildings utilizing
hazardous
materials, and,
 requiring
coordination
between fire and
building codes.
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Goal
 Examine the application of code requirements in
the 2018 IFC and IBC to determine compliance
for the storage use, handling and dispensing of
hazardous materials.
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Objectives
Upon completion, you will be able to:
 Locate and describe applicable hazardous
materials in the 2018 IFC and 2018 IBC.
 Classify materials as to their appropriate hazard
and determine allowable quantities for each
material.
 Explain conditions which exempt a structure
from Group H occupancy classifications.
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Objectives
Upon completion, you will be able to:
 Define control areas and identify when control
areas can be applied as an alternative to a
Group H classification.
 Define the Group M display and Group S
storage option for certain hazardous materials
as an alternative to a Group H classification.
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Objectives
Upon completion, you will be able to:
 Determine when a building or structure should
be classified as Group H occupancy.
 Describe how each Group H classification
impacts corresponding height and area
limitations, mixed uses, and means of egress for
a building or structure.
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Module 1
Hazardous Materials and
the I-Codes
Hazardous Materials and the I-Codes
 Hazardous materials code requirements are
based on both the IFC and IBC.
 IBC requirements are driven by the Group H
occupancy classification assigned to a building.
 IFC requirements are driven by the specific materials
stored or used.
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IBC Requirements
 Occupancy classification.
 Fire protection.
 Means of egress.
 Occupancy separation
 Construction type.
 Allowable area and height.
 Control area construction.
 Structural and environmental loads and designs.
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Group H Classification
 There are 17 items in IBC §307.1 listing conditions
that are exempt from Group H because of:
- Material quantity.
- Precautions taken to prevent fire
- Specific requirements set forth in the IFC, IMC, or IFGC.
- Material packaging.
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1. Flammable Finishes
 Spray painting operations within buildings are
exempt from Group H occupancy.
 All operations in accordance with
 IBC §416,
 NFPA 33,
 NFPA 34, and,
 IFC Chapter 24.
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2. Wholesale/Retail Flam/Com Liquids
 See IBC Table 414.2.5.2, NFPA
30 and IFC Chapter 57.
 Amount permitted based on:
 Liquid class,
 Storage arrangement, and
 Level of sprinkler protection
provided. (IFC §5704.3.4.1).
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3. Closed Piping Systems
 Used for the operation of
machinery or equipment.
 Not open to the atmosphere.
 Prevents flammable or
combustible liquids or vapors
from direct exposure to external
ignition sources.
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4. Dry Cleaning
 Exempt if a closed system is used for all
combustible liquid solvents with a flash point at
or above 140oF, and,
 Individual pieces of equipment are listed, as
opposed to the entire system.
 Equipment label of approved agency and installed in
accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
instructions.
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5. Dry Cleaning
 Cleaning with liquid
solvents with a flash
point at or above
200oF is exempt.
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6. Liquor Stores
 Without bulk storage.
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7. Refrigeration Systems
 Flammable or toxic refrigerants do not change
the occupancy classification of the building if the
system is installed in accordance with the 2018
IMC and 2018 IFC.
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8. Agricultural Materials
 Materials used for on-site
agricultural purposes.
 Storage in stationary tanks,
pressure vessels or
cylinders are required to
comply with the IFC and its
adopted standards.
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9. Stationary Storage Battery Systems
 Battery storage rooms
used as part of an
operating system.
 Ventilation must meet
2018 IMC.
 Fire controls per IFC
Chapter 12.
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10. Corrosives (Retail)
 Item allows the maximum
allowable quantities
(MAQs) in IBC Table
307.1(2) for corrosives to
be exceeded in the retail
display area.
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11. Corrosives (Building Materials)
 The storage or manufacture
of commonly used building
materials, such as Portland
cement,
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12. Aerosols (Storage)
 Buildings and structures
used for storage of aerosol
products are exempt
provided they are protected
in accordance with the
provisions of NFPA 30B
and Chapter 51 of the IFC.
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13. Group M/Group S
 Products found in mercantile and
storage occupancies that may be
comprised of hazardous
materials are allowed to exceed
the MAQs of IBC Tables 307.1(1)
and 307.1(2).
 Solids or liquids that are
nonflammable or noncombustible.
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14. Explosives
 Permits storage of black powder,
smokeless propellant and small
arms primer in mercantile
occupancies and residential
occupancies with not more than
two dwelling units.
 Required to comply with IFC
Chapter 56 and NFPA 495.
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15. Fuel Cell Power Systems
 Stationary fuel cell power systems, which
comply with IFC §1205 are not classified as a
Group H occupancy.
 Must also be installed and manufactured in
accordance with the applicable provisions of NFPA 2,
NFPA 70 and NFPA 853.
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16. Capacitor Energy Storage Systems
 Capacitor energy storage systems used to
provide standby, emergency power or similar
capabilities consist of capacitors, chargers,
controls and associated electrical equipment.
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17. Higher Education Laboratories
 Laboratories used for both educational and
research purposes in universities and colleges
which store, use and handle chemicals
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Module 2
Classifying Hazardous
Materials
IBC §414.1.3 - Technical Report
 Report shall be submitted:
 Maximum anticipated haz mat amounts
 Use in open or closed systems
 Protection methods
 Control areas
 Fire protection systems and equipment
 Qualified person, firm or corporation
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Classifying Hazardous Materials
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Classification Sources
 Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
 DOT Emergency Response Guide
 USCG CHRIS Manual
 WISER®/HMEX® apps
 Scientific journals
 Third-party consultants
 Commercial laboratories
 High schools, colleges and universities
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Classification Assistance
IBC §414.1.3 and IFC §105.2
 Requires “sufficient information” be provided to
the code official to issue either construction or
operational permits.
IFC §104.7.2
 Authorizes fire code officials to obtain technical
assistance.
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What is a Hazardous Material?
Chemicals or substances
which are:
 physical hazards, and/or,
 health hazards, and,
 defined and classified in
Section 202, whether the
materials are in usable or
waste condition.
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Definition: Physical Hazard
A chemical that is a
• combustible liquid,
• cryogenic fluid,
• explosive,
• flammable (solid, liquid or gas),
• organic peroxide (solid or liquid),
• oxidizer (solid or liquid),
• oxidizing gas, pyrophoric (solid, liquid or gas),
• unstable (reactive) material (solid, liquid or gas) or
• water-reactive material (solid or liquid).
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Physical Hazard
Class of Physical Hazard Material
Hazard
Explosives and Blasting Agents
Detonation or Deflagration; Burn
Flammable and Combustible Liquids
Burn; Deflagration
Flammable Solids and Gases
Burn; Deflagration
Organic Peroxides
Burn; Deflagration
Oxidizers
Accelerate burning
Pyrophoric
Burn; Deflagration
Unstable (Reactive)
Burn; Deflagration
Water Reactive
Burn; Deflagration
Cryogenic Fluids and Compressed
Gases
Burn; Deflagration in addition to stored
potential energy
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Physical Hazard
 Hazardous materials are assigned numerical
designations based upon their hazard potential.
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Health Hazard
 Chemical for which
there is statistically
significant evidence
that acute or chronic
health effects can
occur in exposed
persons.
 toxic,
 highly toxic, and,
 corrosive.
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Health Hazard
 The classification of materials as either toxic or
highly toxic is determined by the:
- Lethal dose to 50 percent of a group of test
animals (LD50).
- Lethal concentration to 50 percent of a group
of test animals (LC50).
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Health Hazard
 Corrosive materials cause damage to human
tissue that results in visible destruction or
irreversible alterations based on a single
four-hour exposure.
 Based on the US Department of Transportation
classification for corrosive materials.
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Health Hazard Evaluation
 Lethal concentration and dose values published
in scientific sources and journals are based on
pure chemicals or mixtures.
 IFC §5001.2.1 requires mixtures to be classified
as a whole.
 The amount of material that is either highly toxic
or toxic can influence the material’s
classification.
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Health Hazard Mixtures
For materials with lethal concentration values, the
proper classification criteria are found in:
 2018 IFC Appendix E, Section E103.1.3.1, which
references Compressed Gas Association
Standard P-20, Standard for Classification of
Toxic Mixtures.
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Summary
 Physical or health hazards
 All hazards must be considered
 Mixtures classified as a whole
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Module 3
Hazardous Material
Environments
Storage: Hazardous Materials
 Keeping, retention or leaving
of hazardous materials in:
 closed containers, tanks,
cylinders, or similar
vessels; or,
 vessels supplying
operations through closed
connections to the vessel.
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Closed-Use System
- Solid or liquid material in a
closed vessel or system
that remains closed during
normal operations
- where emitted vapors
emitted by the product not
released outside of the
vessel or system, and,
Unloading DOT tanker through closed
use system of hoses, piping and
pump.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
- product is not exposed to
the atmosphere during
normal operations
- All compressed gases uses.
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Open-Use System
 Solid or liquid hazardous material involving a
vessel or system that is continuously open to the
atmosphere during normal operations.
 Dispensing from or into open
beakers or containers
 Dip tank
 Plating tank operations.
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Handling
 Deliberate transport by any
means to point of storage or
use.
 Hand-carry
 Carts/Hand trucks
 Motorized trucks
 Forklifts
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Module 4
Determining MAQ for Each
Hazardous Material
Maximum Allowable Quantity
Maximum amount of hazardous materials allowed to be
stored or used within a control area inside a building or
an outdoor control area without creating a Group H
occupancy.
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Maximum Allowable Quantity
 MAQ values for indoor storage and use are located:
 IBC Table 307.1(1) and IFC Table 5003.1.1(1) for
physical hazard hazardous materials.
 IBC Table 307.1(2) and IFC Table 5003.1.1(2) for health
hazard hazardous materials.
 Outdoor control area MAQ are located in IFC Tables
5003.1.1(3) and (4).
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IBC Table 307.1(1) – Physical
Hazard Hazardous Materials (excerpt)
2018 IBC
Table
307.1(1)
p.48-49
2018 IFC
Table
5003.1.1(1)
p.353-354
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IBC Table 307.1.(2) – Health Hazard
Hazardous Materials
2018 IBC
Table
307.1(2)
p.50
2018 IFC
Table
5003.1.1(2)
p.356
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Allowable MAQ Increases
For indoor control areas
 Tabular quantity may be increased when isolated
and/or protected by an approved sprinkler
system.
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Permissible MAQ Increases
 Note “d” in
IBC Table 307.1(1) and
IFC Table 5003.1.1(1)
with an approved
automatic sprinkler
system.
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Permissible MAQ Increases
Note “e” in IBC Table
307.1(1) and IFC Table
5003.1.1(1) for physical
hazard materials
Day Box
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Permissible MAQ Increases
 Note “e” is included in IBC
Table 307.1(2) and IFC
Table 5003.1.1(2) for
 approved storage
cabinets,
 gas cabinets, or,
 exhausted enclosures.
 Both footnotes “d” and “e”
may be applied.
Gas Cabinet
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Ethane Storage and Use
Given: A business stores and uses ethane for its
manufacturing process.
The one-story building is protected throughout by
an automatic sprinkler system and the cylinders
are stored in ventilated gas cabinets.
Q. What is the MAQ if the building is a single
control area?
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Ethane Storage and Use
1. Ethane is classified as a compressed flammable gas.
2. Compressed flammable gas MAQ for storage and closed
use: 1,000 ft3@ NTP.
 (IBC Table 307.1(1) and IFC Table 5003.1.1(1).
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Ethane Storage and Use
3. Note “d” permits a 100% MAQ increase when the
building is protected by an automatic sprinkler system:
(100%)(1,000 ft3) + (1,000 ft3) = 2,000 ft3
 (IBC Table 307.1(1) and IFC Table 5003.1.1(1))
4. Note “e” of the same tables allow additional 100%
increase when storage is in an approved gas cabinet:
(100%)(1,000 ft3) + (1,000 ft3) = 2,000 ft3
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Ethane Storage and Use
Sprinklers: (100%)(1,000 ft3) + (1,000 ft3) = 2,000 ft3
Cabinets: (100%)(1,000 ft3) + (1,000 ft3) = 2,000 ft3
Total = 4,000 ft3 MAQ
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MAQ Activity
 Purpose: To apply the knowledge of determining
the MAQ per control area.
 Directions: For each case below, use IBC Tables
307.1(1) and 307.1(2) or IFC Tables 5003.1.1(1)
and 5003.1.1(2) to determine the maximum
allowable quantity per control area.
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MAQ Activity
1. Class IB flammable liquids in 5-gallon containers are stored
in a one-story nonsprinklered building without approved
storage cabinets.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Physical hazard: Table 307.1(1) ___ Health hazard: Table 307.1(2)
Stored ______ Closed system ______ Open system ______
Solid ______ Liquid ______ Gas ______
Tabular MAQ per control area: ________________________
What if the building was fully sprinklered?
What if the liquids were stored in approved storage cabinets?
MAQ per control area if both conditions met: ______________
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MAQ Activity
A. __Physical hazard: Table 307.1(1) __ Health hazard: Table 307.1(2)
B. Stored ______ Closed system ______ Open system ______
C. Solid ______ Liquid ______ Gas ______
D. Tabular MAQ per control area:
E. What if the building was fully sprinklered?
F. What if the liquids were stored in approved storage cabinets?
G. MAQ per control area if both conditions met:
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MAQ Activity
2. Corrosive liquids are used in a plating process system
within a fully sprinklered building.
A. Physical hazard: Table 307.1(1) _____ Health hazard: Table
307.1(2)
B. Stored _____ Closed system _____ Open system _____
C. Solid _____ Liquid _____ Gas _____
D. Tabular MAQ per control area:___________________
E. MAQ per control area:___________________________
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MAQ Activity
2. Corrosive liquids are used in a plating process system
within a fully sprinklered building.
A. Physical hazard: Table 307.1(1) _____
Health hazard: Table 307.1(2)_______
B. Stored _____ Closed system _____ Open system _____
C. Solid _____ Liquid _____ Gas _____
D. Tabular MAQ per control area:
E. MAQ per control area:
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MAQ Activity
3. A toxic compressed gas is used in a closed
system in a nonsprinklered building.
A. MAQ per control area:
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MAQ Activity
4. A flammable solid is being stored and used within
a fully sprinklered building. All storage occurs
within approved cabinets.
A. Tabular MAQ in storage per control area: _____
B. MAQ in storage per control area: _____
C. Tabular MAQ in use per control area: _____
D. MAQ in use per control area: _____
E. Total allowable quantity in both use and storage per
control area:____
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MAQ Activity
4. A flammable solid is being stored and used within
a fully sprinklered building. All storage occurs
within approved cabinets.
A. Tabular MAQ in storage per control area:
B. MAQ in storage per control area:
C. Tabular MAQ in use per control area:
D. MAQ in use per control area:
E. Total allowable quantity in both use and storage per
control area: (see Note b, IBC Table 307.1(1))
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MAQ Activity
5. Class I oxidizers are used in the manufacturing
process in a fully sprinklered building.
A. MAQ per control area: _____________________
6. Class 4 oxidizers are stored in approved
storage cabinets in a nonsprinklered building.
A. MAQ per control area:_____________________
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MAQ Activity
7. A fully-sprinklered building contains quantities of Class
1A, 1B and 1C flammable liquids in an open-use
condition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Tabular MAQ of Class 1A liquids per control area: __________
MAQ of 1A liquids per control area: ___________
Tabular MAQ of Class 1B liquids per control area: __________
MAQ of 1B liquids per control area: __________
Tabular MAQ of Class 1 C liquids per control area: __________
MAQ of 1C liquids per control area: ______
Total MAQ of Class 1A, 1B and 1C liquids per control area:
________
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MAQ Activity
7. A fully-sprinklered building contains quantities of Class
1A, 1B and 1C flammable liquids in an open-use
condition.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Tabular MAQ of Class 1A liquids per control area:
MAQ of 1A liquids per control area:
Tabular MAQ of Class 1B liquids per control area:
MAQ of 1B liquids per control area:
Tabular MAQ of Class 1 C liquids per control area:
MAQ of 1C liquids per control area:
Total MAQ of Class 1A, 1B and 1C liquids per control area:
(See Note h, IBC Table 307.1(1))
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Group M and S Occupancies
 Specific MAQ values
for nonflammable and
noncombustible solid
and liquid hazardous
materials located within
control areas of Group
M and Group S
occupancies.
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IBC §414.2.5(1) and IFC §5003.11.1
75
2018 IBC
Table
414.2.5(1)
p.82
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Additional Group M and S
Requirements
 IFC § 5003.11.3 has specific requirements for
storage of hazardous materials in Groups M and
S occupancies.
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Flammable and Combustible
Liquids in Group M Occupancies
 IBC Table 414.2.5(2) establishes the MAQs of in
a Group M occupancy.
 (See Exception 2, IBC § 307.1)
 Similar provisions are in IFC Table 5704.3.4.1.
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Flammable and Combustible
Liquids in Group M Occupancies
2018 IBC
Table
414.2.5(2)
Page 83
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Module 5
Applying Control Areas
Requirements
What is a Control Area?
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Control Areas
 Amount of hazardous materials stored and used
in a control area must be equal to or less than
the MAQ.
- The MAQ can be modified as permitted by the
I-Codes.
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Permissible MAQ Increases
 Space where up to MAQ can be stored/used
without becoming a Group H.
 All tabular materials can be increased and share the
same control area.
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Control Area Benefits
 Regulate the quantity of
hazardous material.
 Two or more provide
sufficient protection.
 Offer another means of
allowing additional indoor
hazardous materials use
or storage.
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Control Areas: Section 414.2
 Building does not have to be rated
2015 IBC Fire Resistance and Hazardous Uses
85
Construction Requirements
 IBC §414.2.1 requires control areas to be
separated from each other by fire barriers or
horizontal assemblies.
 Number of control areas and the MAQ for each
story inside a building is based on the control
area location above or below grade plane.
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Fire-rated Separations
 Fire walls.
 Fire barriers.
 Fire partitions.
 Smoke barriers.
 Exterior walls.
 Horizontal assemblies.
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87
Fire
Partition
Fire
Wall
Fire
Wall
Horizontal
Assembly
Fire
Barrier
Exterior
Wall
Fire
Barrier
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Smoke
Barrier
Smoke
Partitions
(Not rated)
88
IBC Table 414.2.2
2018 IBC
Table 414.2.2
p. 81
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Two Control Areas: One-Story Building
CAN BE NON-RATED
CAN BE NON-RATED
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Control Areas: Section 414.2.4
2015 IBC Fire Resistance and Hazardous Uses
91
Applying MAQ and Control
Areas
 Four variables must be considered when
determining the indoor MAQ:
1. Hazardous material classification(s).
2. Hazardous material physical state.
3. Hazardous material environment.
4. Control area location(s) if building is more than one
story in height or has one or more basements
levels.
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MFG Manufacturing
 MFG Manufacturing has
developed a new product
requiring hazardous material
storage and use.
 Both
 Class IC flammable, and,
 Class 1 Unstable (Reactive)
liquid.
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MFG Manufacturing
 Hazardous material will be received in metal
containers and dispensed using a closed system
to blending vessels that mix other ingredients.
 Other ingredients are formulated so they are not
hazardous and remain so after mixing.
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MFG Manufacturing
MFG Manufacturing will erect the manufacturing
process inside an existing two story, Type IIA building.
 Building features include:
 Group B/F-1/S-1 occupancy.
 Automatic sprinkler protection throughout the building.
 Six blend vessels are proposed.
 Each vessel is located within its own room separated by onehour fire barriers and horizontal assemblies.
 Four vessels are proposed on the first floor and two vessels will
be located on the second floor.
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MFG Manufacturing
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MFG Manufacturing
 Control Area(s) Analysis
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MFG Manufacturing
 Control Areas Analysis (cont’d)
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Control Area Requirements
1.
What is the fire-resistance rating of a floor assembly supporting a
control area in a building of Type IIB construction?
2.
What percent of the MAQ would be allowed in each control area on
the third floor?
3.
How many control areas are allowed on the
 first floor?_________
 the second floor?______
 the fifth floor?________
4.
What is the required fire-resistance rating of fire-barrier assemblies
used to separate control areas in a building greater than three stories
in height?
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Control Areas Activity
Purpose: To apply the knowledge of control areas.
Directions: Using the example, complete the MAQ per
control area and the number of control areas allowed.
 This two-story building has the following characteristics:
- Group F-1.
- Type IIB construction.
- Sprinkler protection as an alternate solution.
- Hazardous material: Solid Class II oxidizers.
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100
Control Areas Activity
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
101
Control Areas Activity
250 lbs.
75% × 250 lbs. =
187.5 lbs.
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102
Summary
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
103
Module 6
Special Occupancy
Limitations
What are “Special Occupancy
Limitations”?
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105
“Special Limitations”
 Specific limits or conditions based on
occupancy.
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106
Special Limitations
IFC Chapter
58
61
Topic
Affected Occupancies
Flammable Gases - Flammable
Cryogenic Fluids
• A,E, I, R
• B offices
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
• F, I
• B or E educational
uses
60
Highly Toxic - Toxic Materials
62
Organic Peroxides
63
Oxidizers, Oxidizing Gases - Oxidizing
Cryogenic Fluids
66
Unstable (Reactive) Materials
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
• A, E, I, U, R
• B, F, M S offices,
retail sales or
classrooms
107
Module 7
IBC Requirements
Group H Occupancies
 H-1 – Detonation hazards
 H-2 – Deflagration hazards
 H-3 – Conflagration/highly combustible
 H-4 – Health hazard
 H-5 – Semiconductor manufacturing
 Comparable R and D operations.
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IBC §415: Group H Occupancies
 Group H classification
required when
quantities exceed MAQ
 “Control areas” don’t
apply
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110
IBC §307.3: Group H-1
Materials that present a
detonation hazard:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explosives, blasting agents,
fireworks (other than consumer
fireworks) and black powder.
Unclassified detonable organic
peroxides.
Class 4 oxidizers.
Class 4 or Class 3 detonable
unstable (reactive) materials.
Detonable pyrophoric
materials.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
Type 1 Explosives Magazine
111
IBC § 307.4: Group H-2
Occupancies with materials that present a
deflagration hazard or a hazard from accelerated
burning.
1. Class I, II or IIIA liquids used or stored in normally
open containers or systems, or in closed containers
or systems pressurized more than 15 psig.
2. Combustible dusts manufactured, generated or used
so the concentration and conditions create a fire or
explosion hazard.
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Group H-2 (cont’d)
3. Cryogenic fluids —flammable.
4. Flammable gases.
5. Class I organic peroxides.
6. Class 3 oxidizers that are used or stored in normally
open containers or systems, or in closed containers or
systems pressurized at more than 15 psig.
7. Pyrophoric liquids, solids and gases — nondetonable.
8. Class 3 nondetonable unstable (reactive) materials.
9. Class 3 water-reactive materials.
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113
IBC §307.5: Group H-3
Materials that readily support combustion or
present a high physical hazard.
1. Class I, II or IIIA flammable or combustible liquids that
are used or stored in normally closed containers or
systems pressurized at 15 psig or less.
2. Combustible fibers.
3. Consumer fireworks (1.4G).
4. Cryogenic fluids — Oxidizing.
5. Flammable solids.
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IBC §307.5: Group H-3 (cont’d)
6. Class II and III organic peroxides.
7. Class 3 oxidizers that are used or stored in normally
closed containers or systems pressurized at 15 psig
or less and Class 2 oxidizers.
8. Oxidizing gases.
9. Class 2 unstable (reactive) materials.
10.Class 2 water-reactive materials.
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115
IBC §307.6 Group H-4
 Materials that are health
hazards:
1. Highly toxic materials.
2. Toxic materials.
3. Corrosives
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116
IBC § 307.7: Group H-5
 Semiconductor fabrication
facilities and comparable R
and D.
 Use hazardous production
materials (HPM), and,
 Aggregate quantity exceeds
IBC Tables 307.1(1) and
307.1(2).
 Must meet IBC §415.11.
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117
IBC §307.8 Multiple Hazards
 Materials possess more than one Group H, highhazard characteristics, structure must be
designed to protect against all relevant highhazard threats.
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118
IBC §415: Groups H-1 through -5
 Minimum fire separation distances
 Minimum separation distances for buildings
containing explosives.
 Detached building requirements.
 Special provisions for Group H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4 and
H-5 occupancies.
 Special provisions for buildings or fire areas
containing combustible dusts, flammable liquids or
liquefied petroleum gases.
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119
IBC §415.6 Separation Distances
- With the exception of
small use, dispensing and
mixing rooms or liquid
storage rooms, Group H-2
and H-3 occupancies
must be located so at
least 25% of the perimeter
is an exterior wall.
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Plan View
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121
IBC §415.6.1 Separation Distances
 To lot lines and public ways:
- Group H-1: Not less than 75 feet and not less than
that required by the IFC.
- Group H-2: Not less than 30 feet for buildings over
1,000 ft² when not required to be detached storage.
- Group H-2 or H-3 detached storage: not less than
50 feet.
- For all other Group H occupancies: see IBC
Table 602.
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123
Detached Building
A separate single-story
building, without a
basement or crawl
space, used for the
storage or use of
hazardous materials
and located an
approved distance from
all structures.
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124
Detached Buildings
2018 IBC Table 415.6.2
p. 86
2018
Edition
Page 86
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125
Interior Fire Separation
Requirements: IBC Table 508.4
 Required fire separation ratings for Groups H-1,
H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5.
 Fire-resistance rating based on anticipated fire
hazard severity of each occupancy.
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126
Interior Fire Separation
Requirements: IBC Table 508.4
 Group H-1 occupancies contain explosive materials
 Intended to be in separate detached buildings.
 Mixed-use occupancies not permitted.
 Group H-2, H-3, H-4 and H-5 fire separations dependent on the
adjacent occupancies.
 Minimum four hours between Group H and Group I or R due to
occupants’ incapacity or sleeping accommodations.
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127
Fire Separation Requirements:
IBC Table 508.4
2018 IBC
Table 508.4
p. 115
f. Occupancy separations that serve to define fire area limits
established in §901.7 requiring fire protection systems also shall
comply with §707.3.10 and Table 707.3.10 meeting §901.7.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
128
§903.2.5.1: Sprinklers
 Group H occupancies to be protected
throughout by an automatic sprinkler system.
 Throughout entire building with any Group H-5.
 Alternative automatic fire extinguishing systems
may be warranted where water application of
water may constitute a serious life or fire hazard.
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129
Group H: Height and Area Limits
Condition
IBC Table
Allowable height in feet
Table 504.3
Allowable stories above grade plane Table 504.4
Allowable area factor
Table 506.2
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130
Feet: Table 504.3
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131
Stories: Table 504.4
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132
Area Factor: Table 506.2
Table 506.2,
Pages 109111
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133
Height and Area Limits
Occupancy
Limits
Table
H-1, H-2, H-3 or H-5 No height increase
Table 504.3
H-1, H-2, H-3 or H-5 No story increase
Table 504.4
H-1, H-2 or H-3
Table 506.2
No area increase
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134
IBC §507/8: Unlimited Area Building
 Group H-2, H-3 and H-4 occupancies in unlimited area
buildings
- Aggregate floor area shall not exceed 10% percent of unlimited
area building nor the area limitations in IBC Table 506.2.
- Area limitation increases allowed by IBC § 506.3 - for
percentage of perimeter wall fronting street or lot lines - are
permitted.
- Group H occupancies not located at a perimeter wall are limited
to 25% of the allowable area specified in IBC Table 506.2.
- Group H occupancies shall be separated in accordance with IBC
Table 508.4.
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Group H in Unlimited Area Building
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140
Group H in Unlimited Area Building
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141
IBC Chapter 9
 Fire protection systems
 Sprinklers
 Fire alarms
 Emergency alarms
 Portable fire extinguishers
 Gas detection
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142
Group H: Egress
 IBC Chapter 10 specific requirements for Group
H means of egress:
- Stairways in Groups H-1 through H-5 require 0.3
inches/occupant.
- Revolving, accordion, folding, and horizontal sliding
doors in the egress path are prohibited.
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143
Group H: Egress
- All means of egress doors require
panic hardware.
- Egress through an intervening
Group H room or space permitted
if adjacent spaces are same or
lesser hazard group.
- Common path of egress travel in
Groups H-1 through H-3 are
limited to 25 feet.
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144
Group H: Egress
- H-1 through H-3 with occupant load of 3 or less are
allowed one exit access or exit.
- H-4 and H-5 occupancies at 10 or less are
permitted one means of egress.
- Travel distance limits must comply with IBC Table
1017.2.
- Corridors as a means of egress component require
minimum one-hour fire-resistance rating.
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145
Table 1017.2
2018 IBC
Table
1017.2
p.285
 Footnotes “c” and “d” require IBC/IFC §903.3.1.1 (NFPA 13)
sprinkler design.
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146
IBC §1604.5: Seismic Design
Seismic
Design
Category
III
IV
Conditions
Buildings and other structures -- not included in Risk
Category IV -- containing greater than MAQ of toxic or
explosive materials which pose a threat to the public if
released.
Buildings and structures containing greater than MAQ
amounts of highly toxic materials which pose a threat to
the public if released.
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147
IBC §1705.12.6: Special Inspections
Seismic Categories C, D, E or F
 Mechanical ventilation systems
designed to carry hazardous
materials.
 Piping systems and their associated
mechanical units conveying
hazardous materials.
 Anchoring electrical equipment used
for emergency or standby power
systems.
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148
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149
Module 8
IFC Requirements
IFC Requirements
 Classification and identification.
 Process equipment and piping.
 Containment and drainage systems.
 Fire protection.
 Ignition prevention and process controls.
 Explosion control.
 Post-release treatment systems.
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151
Combustible Dusts / Fibers
 Dusts: IFC Chapter 22.
 Fibers: IFC Chapter 37.
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152
IFC Chapters 50 – 67
 Chapter 50: General
hazardous materials
requirements.
 Chapters 51 through 67:
 Used in conjunction with
Chapter 50, and,
 Material-specific
requirements
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153
§5001: Hazardous Materials General
 Material classification.
 Performance-based design alternatives.
 Retail and wholesale storage and display.
 Hazardous Material Management Plans and
Hazardous Material Inventory Statements.
 See also §407.
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154
§5001.1 Hazardous Materials Exceptions
 Cosmetics and medicines
 Refrigeration systems (§605)
 Alcoholic beverages less than
1.3 gallons in retail or
wholesale
 Stationary storage battery
systems(§1206.2)
 Fireworks (Chapter 56)
 Pesticide and agricultural
product application
 Corrosives in M occupancies
 Off-site haz mat transportation
 Distilled spirits and wine in
wooden barrels
 Building materials
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
 Wall-mounted hand sanitizer
dispensers (§5705.5)
155
§5003: General Requirements
 Storage, use and handling less than MAQ: §5001
and §5003.
 Storage and use more than MAQ: §5003 - §5005.
.
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156
IFC §5004 and 5005
 §5004: engineering
controls for storage.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
 §5005: engineering
controls for use,
dispensing and
handling.
157
Containers, Cylinders and Tanks
 IFC § 202 defines:
- Container.
- Cylinder.
- Tank.
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158
§5003.2.1: Design and Construction
Vessel
Design/Construction Standards
UL 58 Steel Underground Tanks for Flammable/ Combustible Liquids
UL 142 Steel Aboveground Tanks for Flammable/ Combustible Liquids
Tanks
UL 2085 Protected Aboveground Tanks for Flammable/ Combustible
Liquids
UL 1316 Fiberglass Reinforced Underground Tanks
CGA P-18 Bulk Inert Gas Systems
Cylinders
ASME – BPVC Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.101 Compressed Gases
UL 2152 Special Purpose Nonmetallic Containers and Tanks
Containers
ASTM F852 Portable Gasoline Containers
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
159
Piping, Tubing, Valves and Fittings
 §5003.2.2: Piping,
tubing, valves, and
fittings:
 designed with adequate
strength, and,
 materials compatible
with the material
contained.
Shutoff valves at the point of use and source
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160
Piping, Tubing, Valves and Fittings
 Piping identified in
accordance with ASME
A13.1.
 Check valves or similar
means of backflow
prevention if a backflow
could cause an
unauthorized discharge.
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161
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162
Piping, Tubing, Valves and Fittings
 §5003.2.2.2: Piping with an
NFPA 704 health hazard
ranking of “3” or “4” include:
 Compliance with ASME B31.3.
 Pipe is assembled using welded,
flanged or threaded fittings.
 Pipe not permitted in corridors and fireresistance-rated means of egress.
 Pipe not permitted in concealed spaces
in areas not classified as Group H.
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163
§5003.2.4 Tanks
 ASTs located in accordance
with the applicable
requirements for outdoor
storage.
 Refer to NFPA 30 – Chapter 22
for flam/com.
 USTs must have secondary
containment or be vaulted
ASTs.
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164
§5003.2.7 Liquid-Level Limit Controls
 Any atmospheric tank more than 500 gallons.
 Protect against overfilling.
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165
§5003.2.9: Testing
 At a minimum, annual testing is required for:
- Gas or vapor detection systems required for toxic or
highly toxic gases.
- Temperature, pressure and liquid limit controls.
- Emergency alarm systems (including supervising)
circuits.
- Manual shutoff controls for compressed gas systems
conveying pyrophoric gases.
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166
Testing Exceptions
 Test will damage or destroy
the device, so long as it is
maintained in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Devices are equipped with
self-diagnostic features.
 System activates and
performs its function within its
approved schedule.
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167
Hazardous Materials Release
 §5003.3: Hazardous
materials release
prohibited unless allowed
by environmental permit.
 §5003.3.1.4: Owner is
ultimately responsible for
the costs associated with
the cleanup of the release.
Accidental release of concentrated nitric acid
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
168
§5003.5: Identification Signs
 NFPA 704 placard for
stationary containers,
aboveground tanks and
locations storing
hazardous materials in
excess of permit
quantities.
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169
§5003.8: Construction Requirements
 Match IBC requirements:
 Control areas
 Groups M and S storage
 Detached structures
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170
§5003.8.6: Gas Cabinets
 Allows 100% MAQ
increase per control area
when gases are stored in
approved gas cabinets.
 §5003.8.6.1: Minimum
gas cabinet construction
requirements.
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171
Gas Cabinet Construction
- Minimum 12-gage steel.
- Self-closing, limited-access
windows.
- Self-closing doors.
- Mechanical ventilation
designed for minimum
average face velocity of 150
linear feet/minute.
- Limited to 3 cylinders/cabinet.
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172
§5003.8.7: Haz Mat Storage Cabinets
 Cabinets shall be listed as
meeting UL 1275 or be
constructed of 18-gage steel.
 Similar features to flammable
liquid cabinets.
 Self-closing, latching doors.
 Liquid-tight two-inch sill.
 Non-reactive coatings.
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173
§5003.9: General Safety
 Personnel training and procedures.
 Fire department Liaison.
 Security.
 Vehicle impact protection.
 Protection from light or mechanical shock.
 Electrical safety and shock protection.
 Separation of incompatible hazardous materials.
 Shelf storage.
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174
§5003.9.10:Safety Cans
 100% MAQ increase when
flammable or combustible liquids
are stored in approved safety
cans.
 UL 30 to achieve 100% MAQ
increase for flammable and
combustible liquids.
 UL 1313 for all other classes of
liquid hazardous materials, but not
flammable and combustible liquids.
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175
§5003.9.8: Incompatible Materials
 Materials that, when mixed, have the potential to react in
a manner which generates heat, fumes, gases or
byproducts which are hazardous to life or property.
 Separation of incompatible materials:
 Containers more than 5 pounds,
 0.5 gallon, or,
 any amount of compressed gases.
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176
Separation
 20-foot spatial separation.
 Noncombustible barrier
that extends 18 inches above
and beyond sides of
stored materials.
 Liquids or solids in approved
cabinets.
 Gases in gas cabinets or
exhausted enclosures.
 Incompatible materials not in same
cabinet or exhausted enclosure.
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177
Courtesy UMDearborn.edu
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
178
IFC 5004—Storage over MAQ
 Spill control, drainage control and secondary
containment.
 Mechanical ventilation.
 Automatic sprinkler system design.
 Explosion control.
 Standby or emergency power.
 Limit controls.
 Emergency alarms.
 Weather protection.
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179
§5004.2.1: Spill Control
 IFC Table 5004.2.2: Solid or liquid hazardous
materials.
 Spill control when:
 individual vessel capacity exceeds 55 gallons, or,
 aggregate exceeds 1,000 gallons.
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180
§5004.2.2: Secondary Containment
 IFC Table 5004.2.2.
 Liquid capacity exceeds than 55 gallons/container or
aggregate exceeds 1,000 gallons.
 Solids capacity exceeds 550 pounds/container or the
aggregate exceeds10,000 pounds.
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181
§5004.2.2.1: Approved Methods
 Secondary containment or drainage.
- Liquid tight sloped, diked or recessed floors.
- Sumps and collection systems.
- Drainage systems.
- Engineered systems.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
182
Approved Methods
Diked floor for secondary containment
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
Drainage scupper to drainage trench
183
§5004.2.2.3: Design Requirements
 Area of Group H occupancy or automatic
sprinkler system design area, whichever is
smaller.
 Volume of the largest container.
 Sprinkler discharge density for 20 minutes .
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
184
§5004.2.2.4: Design Requirements
 Outdoor systems
designed for
volume of largest
container plus the
rainfall from a 24hour/25-year storm.
Drainage trench ending at outdoor containment area
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
185
Containment Calculation
Given:
 A 3,000-gallon tank of a Class III organic peroxide.
 Sprinkler density: 0.45 GPM/ft²
 Design area: 3,000 ft²
 H-3 occupancy area: 2,450 ft²
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
186
Containment Calculation
Determine minimum containment depth (D).
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
187
Containment Calculation
 Step 1: Calculate containment volume
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
188
Containment Calculation
 Step 2: Calculate containment depth
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
189
§5004.3: Mechanical Ventilation
 Minimum continuous exhaust
rate of 1 cfm/ft².
 Manual emergency shutoff
switch.
 Exhaust within 12 in. of floor or
roof, depending vapor density.
 Air cannot be recirculated.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
190
§5004.5: Automatic Sprinklers
 Comply with
§903.3.1.1. (NFPA 13).
- Minimum density for
Group H:
- 0.17 gpm/ft² over
3,000 ft².
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
191
Special Conditions
 Physical hazard
hazardous materials (or
mixtures) that generally
require higher sprinkler
demand include:
 Class I, II and IIIA liquids.
 Flammable and pyrophoric
gases.
 Organic peroxides.
 Oxidizers.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
In-rack sprinklers protecting flammable liquids in
plastic packaging
192
§5004.6: Explosion Control
2018 IFC
Table 911.1
p.142
 Storage rooms and use areas must be
provided with explosion control in
accordance with IFC Table 911.1.
 Method is material or process dependent,
but could include
 deflagration venting,
 explosion prevention systems, or,
 barricade construction.
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
193
Explosion Control
2018 IFC
Table 911.1
p.141
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
194
§5004.7: Standby/Emergency Power
 Standby or emergency
power when these are
required:
 Mechanical ventilation
systems.
 Post release treatment
systems.
 Temperature controls.
 Alarm and detection systems.
 Other electrically operated
systems.
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195
What’s the
difference among
standby,
secondary and
emergency power?
2018 IFC and IBC Hazardous Materials Provisions
196
§5004.7: Standby/Emergency Power
Exemptions:
 Mechanical ventilation for storage:
 Class IB and Class IC flammable liquids, and,
 Class II and III combustible liquids in closed
containers not exceeding 61/2 gallons capacity.
 Class 1 and 2 oxidizers.
 Class II, III, IV or V organic peroxides.
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197
§5004.7: Standby/Emergency Power
Exemptions (cont’d)
 Asphyxiant, irritant and radioactive gas storage.
 Approved fail-safe designs installed for:
 mechanical ventilation,
 post-release treatment, and,
 temperature control systems.
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198
§5004.8 and 5005.1.4: Limit Controls
 Designed to limit:
- Liquid level (both high and low).
- Temperature.
- Pressure.
Liquid Level Control
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§5004.8.2: Limit Controls
 Pressure control by for pressure relief devices, such
as safety relief valves or burst discs.
Pressure control devices: burst discs
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§5004.13: Weather Protection
 IBC § 414.6.1:
 Noncombustible construction.
 Area of a nonsprinklered
canopy is limited to 1,500 ft².
 Area increases are permitted
in accordance with IBC § 506.
 At least 75% open.
 Separated as required by the
IFC for outdoor hazardous
material storage.
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IFC § 5005 — Use, Dispensing and
Handling
 Use-closed and use-open systems of hazardous
materials that exceed the MAQ in one or more
control areas.
 Used in conjunction with the requirements in IFC §
5001 and 5003.
 Dependent on whether operation is indoors or
out.
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§5005.1.4.2: Low-liquid-level Limit
Controls
 Prevent tank or contents overheating.
Low-liquid-level limit
controls
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§5005.1.10: Liquid Transfer
 Products with NFPA 704 ranking of 3 or 4:
 Safety cans, complying with UL 30.
 Approved closed piping system.
 Via pumps from the top of the container.
 Engineered liquid transfer systems.
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Gravity Transfer
 From containers or tanks through
approved self- or automaticclosing valve when area
equipped with spill control and
secondary containment.
 Highly toxic liquids cannot
be gravity dispensed.
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§5005.2.1: Indoor Dispensing and
Use Systems
Use-open and –closed systems be provided with:
 Process limit controls.
 Mechanical ventilation.
 Explosion control.
 Spill control and secondary containment.
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Indoor Dispensing and Use-Open
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Indoor Dispensing and Use-Closed
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Summary: Chapter 50
1. IBC Tables 307.7(1) and 307.7(2) identify the
maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) of
hazardous material permitted in a single control
area.
True or False
2. Safety Data Sheets are required only when
hazardous materials exceed maximum
allowable quantities.
True or False
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Summary: Chapter 50
3. A 20-foot spatial separation is an acceptable
method for storing incompatible materials.
True or False
4. Secondary containment is required for the
aggregate indoor storage of 1,200 gallons of
Class 2 oxidizers.
True or False
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Summary: Chapter 50
5. Barricade construction is not required for Class
4 oxidizer liquids and solids.
True or False
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Module 9
Material-Specific Requirements
212
IFC Chapter 51 - Aerosols
 Storage and manufacturing
 Level 1 (water base)
 Level 2 (alcohol [polar] base)
 Level 3 (hydrocarbon [nonpolar]
base)
 Refer also to NFPA 30B
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Aerosol Storage
 Dependent on aerosol
 Classification,
 Level of sprinkler protection,
 Storage environment, and,
 Rack/Shelf
 Chain link enclosure
 Separate room/warehouse
 Aerosol product quantity.
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§5104: Indoor Storage
Code
Section
Conditions
§5104.2
Group A, B, E, F, I and R occupancies
§5104.3
General purpose Group S-1 warehouses
• Nonsegregated or segregated storage
§5104.4
Aerosol product warehouses
§5104.5
Flammable liquid storage rooms
§5104.6
Flammable liquid warehouses
§5106
Group M retail display
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IFC Chapter 53 - Compressed Gases
 Storage, use and handling of all compressed gases,
whether flammable or nonflammable.
 Addresses potential and kinetic energy contained in lowand high- pressure gas storage containers, cylinders and
tanks.
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§ 5303: General Requirements
 Design and construction.
 Marking.
 Security.
 Valve protection.
Cylinder Nesting
Plan View
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§ 5303: General Requirements
 Separation from
hazardous conditions.
 Wiring and equipment.
 Service and repair.
 Unauthorized use and
fire exposure.
 Leaks, damage or
corrosion.
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Cross References
Must also comply with chapter that addresses
specific hazard(s), including:
 IFC Chapter 54 for corrosive materials.
 IFC Chapter 58 for flammable gases.
 IFC Chapter 60 for highly toxic and toxic materials.
 IFC Chapter 63 for oxidizers.
 IFC Chapter 64 for pyrophoric materials.
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§5306 – Medical Gases
 Patient care, inhalation or
sedation.
 Veterinary clinics
 NFPA 99 Health Care
Facilities Code.
 Indoor and exterior storage
rooms.
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§5307 – CO2 Beverage Dispersing
 More than 100 pounds used in
beverage dispensing:
 adequate mechanical ventilation, or,
 emergency alarm system.
 NFPA 55, Compressed Gases and
Cryogenic Fluids Code.
 §5307.8 “CO2 enrichment systems”
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IFC Chapter 54 – Corrosive
Materials
 IFC Chapter 54 addresses
the requirements for
corrosive materials.
 Health hazard materials
that cause visible
destruction, or irreversible
alterations, in living tissue
by a chemical action at the
point of contact.
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Corrosives
222
IFC Chapter 55 — Cryogenic Fluids
 Cryogenic fluids are gases
with a boiling point less than 130°F at absolute pressure.
 The primary concern with
cryogenic fluids include:
- Low temperature.
- High pressure due to large
expansion ratio.
- Asphyxiation.
- Primary hazard does not change
due to liquefaction.
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§5503 — General Requirements
 Container design and
construction.
 Pressure relief
devices.
 Relief vent piping.
 Container marking.
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§5503 — General Requirements
 Transfer pad
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§5503 — General Requirements
 Container protection
 Electrical wiring and
equipment.
 Service and repair.
 Unauthorized uses,
leaks and damage.
 Illumination.
Pressure relief device operating:
cryogenic nitrogen container
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IFC Chapter 56 — Explosives
and Fireworks
Explosives
and
Fireworks
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IFC Chapter 56 — Explosives
and Fireworks
Storage and use of explosives and
fireworks.
 Record keeping and reporting.
 Manufacturing, assembling and testing.
 Small arms ammunition.
 Blasting.
 Firework displays.
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§5601.1.3 — Explosives/Fireworks
 Prohibits fireworks’
possession, manufacture,
storage, sale, handling and
use unless in compliance with:
 one of the listed exceptions, or,
 preempted by an applicable law
of a superior jurisdiction, most
typically the state.
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IFC Chapter 57 — Flammable and
Combustible Liquids
 Storage, handling, use, and
dispensing of Class I, II, and III
flammable/combustible liquids.
 NFPA 30, Flammable and
Combustible Liquids Code, for
specific additional provisions.
 Motor vehicle fuel dispensing is
regulated by IFC Chapter 23
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§5703 — General Provisions
 Classified electrical
(hazardous) locations.
 Fire protection.
 Spill control and
secondary containment.
 Labeling and signs.
 Piping systems.
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§5704 — Storage
 Tank design and
construction.
 Vaulted tanks.
 Above-ground storage
tanks.
 Drainage and diking.
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§5704 — Storage
 Underground storage tanks.
 Container and portable tank
storage.
 Wholesale and retail storage
and display.
 Outdoor storage.
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§5705 — Dispensing, Use, Mixing
and Handling
 Dispensing and use inside
and outside of buildings.
 Use, dispensing and mixing
rooms.
 Process vessels.
 Cleaning and listed cleaning
machines.
 Solvent distillation units.
 Alcohol based hand rubs.
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§5706 — Special Operations
 Farms and
construction sites.
 Well drilling and
operations.
 Bulk plants and
terminals.
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§5706 — Special Operations
 Bulk transfer and process
transfer operations.
 Tank vehicles and
their operation.
 Refineries.
 Vapor-processing
and vapor recovery
systems.
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IFC Chapter 58 — Flammable Gases
and Flammable Cryogenic Fluids
 Gases that are ignitable in air at a
volume of 13% or less, or,
 Have flammable range of at least
12%, regardless of its lower limit.
 LP-gases: Chapter 61
 Pyrophoric gases: Chapter 64.
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§5806: Flammable Gases and
Flammable Cryogenic Fluids
 Storage limitations for
flammable cryogenic
fluids
 Installation requirements
for both above-ground
and underground tanks
of liquid hydrogen.
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IFC Chapter 59 — Flammable
Solids
 Combustible metals
including aluminum,
magnesium, titanium, and
zirconium.
 Solid is considered
flammable due to its
chemical properties.
 Certain combustible dusts
(e.g., iron powder) can
also be flammable solids
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IFC Chapter 60 — Highly Toxic and
Toxic Materials
 Storage, handling and use of highly toxic or toxic solids,
liquids and gases.
 Intended to protect occupants, emergency responders and those
in immediate area of the building and/or facility.
 Material classification as either highly toxic or toxic is
based on:
 LD50 or LC50 value
 Exposure mechanism
 Oral
 Inhalation
 Ingestion
 Contact
Nitric and ferric acid release
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§6003.1.4.2: Highly Toxic and Toxic
Solids and Liquids
 Isolation in an approved
hazardous materials cabinet.
 Highly toxic liquids in use
require a post-release
treatment system.
 Scrubber
 Flaring
 Dilution
 Neutralizer
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§6004: Highly Toxic and Toxic
Compressed Gases
If MAQ is exceeded, additional controls may be warranted
such as:
 Containment vessel for
leaking cylinders.
 Post release treatment
system – or – shutoff
valves integrated with gas
detection system.
 Gas detection system.
 Emergency power.
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Cylinder containment vessels
249
IFC Chapter 61 — LP Gases
 NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
 Bulk facility siting
 Transfer operations
 Safety precautions
 Smoking and open flame
 Operator training
 Fire protection equipment
 Retail exchange
 Retail sales limits
 200 lbs
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IFC Chapter 62 — Organic Peroxides
All organic peroxides exhibit one or more of these
properties:
 Sensitive to heat.
 Release of heat upon decomposition.
 Formation of free radicals upon decomposition.
 Sensitive to contamination.
 Formation of gases or mists upon decomposition.
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IFC Chapter 63 — Oxidizers, Oxidizing
Gases and Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluids
 Principal hazard is ability to support
combustion by yielding oxygen.
 Do not burn, they accelerate burning.
 Examples:
 Liquid hydrogen peroxide
 Nitric acid and solids
 Sodium chlorite and calcium
hypochlorite
 Swimming pool/spa treatment
chemicals
 Chlorine
 Ammonium nitrate (fertilizer)
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IFC Chapter 64 — Pyrophoric
Materials
 Because of their capacity to ignite
spontaneously at low
temperatures, pyrophoric
materials pose unusual
deflagration and detonation
hazards to building occupants
and fire-fighting personnel.
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IFC Chapter 64 — Pyrophorics
 Autoignite in air at temperatures of 130oF
or less.
 Note g of the indoor MAQ table (IFC Table 5003.1.1(1)),
requires building be sprinklered before pyrophoric
materials are introduced.
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IFC Chapter 64 — Pyrophorics
 Silane gas, and gas
mixtures with a silane
concentration of 1.37%
percent or more by volume
must also comply with CGA
G-13.
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IFC Chapter 64 — Pyrophoric Gas
Storage
 IBC §415.6.1.3: building
be located a minimum
of 50 feet from property lines
and other buildings when
the volume of pyrophoric
gases exceed 2,000 ft3.
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IFC Chapter 65 – Pyroxylin
(Cellulose Nitrate) Plastics
 Used in industrial applications, such as shoe heels,
housewares and lacquers.
 Pre-safety film X-ray and movie reels (“celluloid”)
 Shock and fire sensitive
 Aggressive burning with toxic gases
 Automatic sprinkler system required when exceed
100 lbs.
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IFC Chapter 66 — Unstable
(Reactive) Materials
 Materials that can be self-reactive or polymerize
or decompose
 Especially if heated, cooled or pressure is applied.
 Extreme energy release
 Spontaneous ignition
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IFC Chapter 66 — Unstable reactives
(Examples)
Material
Reaction
Detonation or explosive decomposition under conditions of
strong heat, confinement, or a strong shock
Perchlorates
Halogens
Inorganic nitrates
Will also react violently with most organic compounds,
powdered metals, sulphur, phosphorus, boron, silicon, and
carbon
Violent reactions can occur when strong oxidizers are mixed
with combustibles such as wood or paper.
White phosphorus
Alkali metals
(potassium, sodium,
cesium)
Finely divided metal powders that do not have a protective
oxide coat may ignite when a specific surface area is
exceeded.
Nickel, zinc and
titanium dusts
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IFC Chapter 67 — Water Reactive
Solids and Liquids
 Solid or liquid at normal temperatures and
pressures.
 Reaction heat may produce sufficient energy
to ignite adjacent combustibles.
 All Class 3 and some Class 2 water-reactives
-- exceeding the MAQ --require deflagration
venting.
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IFC Chapter 67 — Water Reactive
Solids and Liquids (Examples)
Material
Reaction
Acetic anhydride
May boil explosively
Acetyl chloride
Violently decomposes to hydrochloric and acetic acid
Butyl lithium
Ignites on contact with water
Calcium carbide
Emits acetylene gas
Calcium hydride
Emits hydrogen gas
Lithium metal
Powder reacts explosively with water
Potassium amide
Violent reaction that may cause ignition
Trichloro silane
Emits toxic and corrosive fumes
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Summary
 Locate and describe applicable hazardous
materials in the 2018 IFC and 2018 IBC.
 Classify materials as to their appropriate hazard
and determine allowable quantities for each
material.
 Explain conditions which exempt a structure
from Group H occupancy classifications.
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Summary
 Define control areas and identify when control
areas can be applied as an alternative to a
Group H classification.
 Define the Group M display and Group S
storage option for certain hazardous materials
as an alternative to a Group H classification.
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Summary
 Determine when a building or structure should
be classified as Group H occupancy.
 Describe how each Group H classification
impacts corresponding height and area
limitations, mixed uses, and means of egress for
a building or structure.
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Final Reflection
 What? What happened and what was observed
in the training?
 So what? What did you learn? What difference
did this training make?
 Now what? How will you do things differently
back on the job as a result of this training?
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International Code Council is a Registered Provider with The American
Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on
completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available on
request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or
construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of
construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials,
methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
281
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Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of
the presentation without written permission of the speaker is
prohibited.
© International Code Council 2016
282
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