NURS5043 quiz 2
calcium carbonate, aluminium hydroxide,
magnesium trisilicate
alginate
end in tidine
end in prazole
end in lol
antacids neutralise gastric acid
combine with antacids, physical barrier
H2 receptor agonists, block histamine
receptors reduce secretion
proton pump inhibitors, inactivate proton pump
Beta blockers
block receptors for adrenaline,
noradrenaline
decrease HR, BP, oxygen load
AE: hypotension, bradycardia, fatigue,
bronchospasm
rate limiting CCB
Diltiazem or verapamil
Digoxin
inhibit calcium inflow L channel for
contraction
reduce vascular resistance and O2
requirements
AE: hypotension, bradycardia,
flushing, headahce
lesser used for physically inactive for
rhythm control arrythmia
AE: GI, confusion lethargy,
bradycardia with exertion
Chemical Cardioversion rhythm control
Flecainide and Sotalol
flecainide - pill in pocket strategy
sotalol - beta blocker
amiodarone (2) - 1 if structured heart
disease
anticoagulant
Warfarin
reduce AF stroke risk by 2/3
only one valvular AF can have
limits: increase stroke risk in first
week, need a bridging drug, need INR
readings weekly
Novel oral anticoagulants (NOCAS)
end in an
no bridging needed, less bleeding risk,
less INR readings
CI in valvular AF
aspirin + clopidogel
antiplatlets
Thromboembolic risk in AF
1. NOACs or Warfarin
2. aspirin + clopidogrel
3. aspirin monotherapy
Rate control AF
1. Beta blockers
2. Rate limiting CCB
3. Digoxin
end in pril
ACEIs
block angiotensin 2 (stop
vasoconstriction), reduce Na+
retention
AE: dry cough (buildup of
bradykinins), hypotension, decr. renal
function
ARNI - sacubitril + ARB
Entresto
ARB func (block angiotensin 2) and
boost conc. natriuretic peptide,
increase conc cGMP
inhibit renin and aldosterone release
SGLT2i
end in gliflozin
water follow glucose (dec. BP, inc. CV
outcomes
AEL: euglycemic (acidosis with reg.
gluc. levels
loop diuretics
furosemide
Spironolactone
k+ wasting, remove salt and water
through urine
AE: hyperkalemia, headache,
electrolyte imbalance
in CHF symptom management of
breathlessness and oedema
mineralocorticoid receptor agonist
(aldosterone)
decrease preload (prevent snapping,
cardiac output)
HFrEF
1. ARNI/ACEI/ARB & SGLT2i (ARNI
prefered)
2. beta blockers
3. spironolactone
4. loop diuretics
slow acting nitrate
contain nitrate
prevent angina attack
tolerance need 8-12hr free a day
(enzyme)
AE: hypotension, headache, gastric
reflux
fast acting nitrate
glyceryl trinitrate
stable angina (prevention of angina attack)
acute angina attack management
decrease O2 demand, increase
coronary blood supply
1. beta blockers
2. calcium channel blockers (can’t use
with beta blockers
2. slow acting nitrate (use with
either above)
other drugs: antiplatelets, statins, ACEi
plase suffix
post ACS therapy (fab four)
fibrinolysis - dissolve clot in ACS
1. antiplatelets (plural!!!)
2. B blockers (within 24hr)
3. ACEi (after BB stabilization)
4. statin
statins
end in statin
inhibit cholesterol syntehsising
enzyme (decrease HDL, increase LDL)
primary half max dose, secondary max
dose
stabilize plaques, anti-inflammatory
AE: myopathy, increase creatine
kinase, muscle aches
fibrates
fibra in middle
not used as much but good for high
triglycerides
Ezetimibe
cholesterol absorption inhibitor
often combined with statin
AE: headache, diarrhoea
end in ocumab
PCSk9 inhibitors
reduce liver ability to remove LDL-C
(50% reduction)
expensive so only for high family risk
pts
Dyslipidemia
high LDL
1. statin
2. add ezetimibe, if statin not tollerated
switch to ezetimibe or fibrate
monotherapy
high TG
1. fibrate +- fish oil
2. add nicotinic acid
ARBs
end in sartan
clinically same as ACEi except for
cough
block angiotensin 2 & reduce
aldosterone
AE: hypotension and dec. renal
function
dihydropyridine CCBs
end in dipine
uncomplicated hypertension (use rate
limiting in complicated hypertension)
AE: hypotension, oedema, flushing
thiazide or thiazide like duretics
hydrochlorothiazide
1st line in >65, 2nd line in <65
lower systolic more than diastolic
hypertension
1. ACEi or ARB or CCB or thiazide duretic
1. DHP CCB for uncomplicated,
rate limiting CCB for
complicated
2. Thiazide for >65
2. ACE/ARB + CCB or Thiazide
3. ACE/ARB + CCB + Thiazide
Salbutamol, terbutaline
erol suffix
ICS - inhaled corticosteroids
montelukast
Ipratropium
Tiotropium
SABA - short acting beta agonist
bronchodilator
LABA - long acting beta agonist
bronchodilator & preventer
prevetor
AE: thrush, clean mouth after use
LTRA - leukotriene receptor agonist
SAMA - short acting muscarinic antagonist
bronchodilator
LAMA - Long Acting Muscarinic Antagonist
preventor
Asthma
1. SABA
2. ICS (low dose) or LTRA (+SABA)
3. ICS (high) or ICS + LABA (low) or ICS
+ LTRA (low) (+SABA)
COPD
1. SABA or SAMA (rarely)
2. LAMA or LABA + SABA
3. LAMA + LABA + SABA
4. ICS + LAMA + LABA + SABA
H.pylori with peptic ulcer
proton pump inhibitor (prazole)
clarithromycin
amoxicillin
NSAIDs with peptic ulcer
stop nsaid if possible
proton pump inhibitor (prazole)
misoprostol
Misoprostol
mucosal protective agent
prostaglandin analogue
NSAIDs inhibit PG synthesis
AE: GI severe
Sucralfate
forms complex gel with mucous
not absorbed by body
must be taken every 6hr
AE: GI severe