Elje Sky J. Nuevo 1-N
Pre-Assignment 1:
Read Chapters 1 & 2 (book of Udan, Josie (2020). Theoretical Foundation in
Nursing, pp 3 to 35). You may also use other TFN books for reference or search at
any website. Answer the following questions: (20 points)
What are the significant events that highlight in the history of nursing theory?
a. Florence Nightingale
- The earliest nursing theory is presented in "Notes on Nursing."
that emphasize modifying surroundings to increase the benefits of the
patient.
b. The Columbia School (1950s)
- Administrative & faculty positions was recognized. The significance of
graduate-level nursing students' preparation for
Faculty and administrative roles were acknowledged.
c. The Yale School (1960s)
- The importance of theoretical reasoning changes from
problem/need and functional role that center on the nurse-patient
interaction.
d. The 1970’s
- First presented were a number of nursing theories. These theories have
mostly been updated from when they were first presented.
e. 1980s
- The results of the research led to the revision of several nursing concept.
extended them
f. 1990s
- Numerous research projects were conducted to evaluate and expand nursing
theories.
What were the highlights in the following Eras of Nursing Knowledge?
Curriculum Era
- It put the importance of the courses that are part of nursing programs and
how the development of specialized knowledge and higher education is the
goal.
Research Era
- The focus of this era is on the role of nurses and what requires research.
Graduate Education Era
- The focus is on establishing a foundation and an advanced position for
profession of nursing.
Theory Era
- The newly established objective is for theories to influence nursing practice
and research.
- The emerging objective is for theories to direct nursing practice and research.
Theory Utilization Era
- Nursing theory guides practice, research, instruction, and
administration.
Pre-Assignment 2:
Differentiate Discipline and Profession.
A discipline is a field of study or body of knowledge that concentrates on creating
and comprehending theories and concepts. A profession is a line of work involving
the use of information and abilities in everyday life, real-world situations and
requiring specific education and training.
What is/are the significance of nursing theory for the Discipline?
Nursing theory provides an organized framework for comprehending and
expanding nursing knowledge, it is essential to the field. It offers a starting point
for creating evidence-based procedures and directs research to improve patient
outcomes.
What is/are the significance of nursing theory for the Profession?
Nursing theory is essential to the field since it provides an organized structure for
comprehending and enhancing patient care procedures. It improves clinical
decision-making and provides information for the creation of treatments based on
evidence. Theories ensure that nurses are equipped to manage complicated
patient requirements by providing guidance for education and training. Moreover,
nursing theory promotes a distinct professional identity for nurses by articulating
and reiterating their special function within the healthcare system.
What are the historical views of the nature of science according to:
Rationalism
Rationalism holds that some facts may be learned apart from sensory experience
and that the essence of science is based on the use of reason and logical reasoning
to acquire knowledge.
Empiricism
Empiricism asserts that sensory experience and observation are the foundation of
science and that knowledge is obtained using firsthand interaction with the outside
world.
What is the view of science and theory during the early 20th century?
The emergence of logical positivism and empiricism in the early 20th century had a
significant impact on science and theory, highlighting the need of logical coherence
and validation by evidence. Significant progress was made during this time in the
creation of scientific theories that questioned conventional concepts of
determinism and absolute knowledge. During this period, the idea that scientific
theories are definitive or absolute truths began to give way to models or
frameworks that are continually improved through research and observation.
What are the emergent views of science and theory in the late 20th century?
Emergent perspectives on science and theory in the late 20th century, as expressed
by Thomas Kuhn, highlighted the significance of paradigms and scientific
revolutions, emphasizing that scientific knowledge changes through theoretical
framework shifts rather than through linear progress.