Lesson 1.4.
Classification of
Organic Compounds
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Illustrate the classification of organic compounds.
2. Summarize the different types of functional groups present in
each type of organic molecule.
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
EXAMPLE:
• Isopropanol or isopropyl rubbing alcohol
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
EXAMPLE:
• Isopropanol or isopropyl rubbing alcohol
Lewis Structure
- all atoms and bonds are explicitly drawn
- only practical for small molecule
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
EXAMPLE:
• Isopropanol or isopropyl rubbing alcohol
Partially Condensed Structure
- the C – H bonds are not drawn explicitly
- also only practical for small molecule
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
EXAMPLE:
• Isopropanol or isopropyl rubbing alcohol
Condensed Structure
- none of the bonds are drawn
- group of atoms are clustered together,
when possible
- only practical for small molecule
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
EXAMPLE:
• Isopropanol or isopropyl rubbing alcohol
Molecular Formula
- simply shows the number of each type of
atom in the compound
- no structural information provided
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Molecular Representations
- from the different style of drawing molecules, none are
convenient for larger molecules
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• Bond-Line Structures
- an efficient drawing style that can be used to draw molecules
very quickly
Classification of Organic
Compounds
• How To Read Bond-Line Structures
Bond-line Structures - drawn in zigzag format
- each corner or endpoint represents a C
atom
6C atoms
Classification of Organic
Compounds
How To Read Bond-Line Structures
Bond-line Structures - double bonds are shown with 2 lines, triple
bonds with 3 lines
Double Bonds
Triple Bonds
NOTE: Triple bonds are drawn in
linear fashion (sp - hybridized C
involve a linear geometry).
Classification of Organic
Compounds
How To Read Bond-Line Structures
Bond-line Structures – C-H bonds are not shown because it is
assumed to have a total of four bonds
- all H atoms are
inferred in the
drawing
Classification of Organic
Compounds
PRACTICE:
Consider the structure of diazepam with a trade
name of Valium, a sedative and
muscle
relaxant used in the treatment of anxiety,
insomnia, and seizures.
Identify the no. of C atoms, then fill in all the
missing H atoms.
Classification of Organic
Compounds
PRACTICE:
Number of C atoms = 16 C atoms (highlighted)
Classification of Organic
Compounds
PRACTICE:
Fill in the H atoms in order to give
each C atom a total of four bonds.
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Organic Compounds – FUNCTIONAL GROUP
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
- is a characteristic group of atoms/bonds that possess a
predictable chemical behavior
The chemistry of every organic compound is determined by the
functional groups present in the compound.
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Alkane
Alkene
Alkyne
Example
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Alkyl Halides
Alcohol
Ether
Example
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Thiol
Sulfide
Aromatic
(Arene)
Example
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Ketone
Aldehyde
Carboxylic Acid
Example
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Acyl Halide
Anhydride
Ester
Example
Classification of Organic
Compounds
Functional Group
Classification
Amide
Amine
Example
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
Lesson # 1.4:
QUIZ
1.In aldehydes, the H atom is bonded to the _______ group
highlighted below:
a. Acyl
b. Carbonyl
c. Carboxyl
d. Hydroxyl
2-5. Classify the following functional groups.
2
a. Ethers
b. Thiols
c. Alcohols
3
4
d. Thioesters
e. Esters
f. Sulfides
5
6-9. Classify the following functional groups.
6
a. Disulfides
b. Amides
c. Ethers
7
8
d. Esters
e. Thioesters
f. Sulfides
9
10. Alcohols are Identified by their functional group consisting of a
carbon atom bonded to the oxygen of a ____________ group or OH group.
a. Hydroxyl
b. Carboxyl
c. Acetyl
d. Carbonyl
Lesson # 1.4:
ANSWERS
1. a. Acyl
2. a. Ethers
3. f. Sulfides
4. c. Alcohols
5. b. Thiols
6. b. Amides
7. d. Esters
8. e. Thioesters
9. a. Disulfides
10. a. Hydroxyl