Chapter 21: Organization of the Body KEY TERMS Anatomy Physiology Homeostasis Atom Matter Molecules Organelles Cells Organs Tissues Organ systems Organism Epithelial tissue Endocrine gland Exocrine gland Connective tissue Matrix Muscular tissue Voluntary Involuntary Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue neurons Anatomical position Cranial Caudal Superior Inferior Ventral (anterior) Dorsal (posterior) Medial Lateral Superficial Deep Proximal Distal Frontal (coronal) plane Sagittal plane Midsagittal (median) plane Transverse plane Mediastinum Diaphragm Chemistry Metabolism Compound Electrolytes Ions Acid Base Neutral pH scale Biochemistry Organic Inorganic Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic acid DNA Plasma membrane Semi-permeable Nucleus Chromosome Gene Cytoplasm Cilia Flagella Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Mitochondria Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Passive transport Active transport Diffusion Osmosis Filtration Mitosis Meiosis Cytokinesis Parent cell Daughter cells Gamete DNA Fingerprinting Heredity Chromosome number Sex chromosomes Albinism Cystic fibrosis Trisomy 21 Fragile X syndrome Klinefelter’s syndrome Hemophilia Phenylketonuria