NS172/272 PEDS Growth & Development
Student Name:
Infant age (birth - 12
months)
Patient Initials/Age:
Student -B
Developmental Stage (Erickson’s) & Developmental Milestones
gross motor skills develop from cephalocaudal
fine motor skills develop from proximidistal
2 mo: keep head steady when held, bring head
forward on stomach
4 mo - sit w/o support, grasp objects w/ hand, roll
over to 1 side
6 mo - roll both ways, sit upright, transfer hands
from 1 hand to another
9 mo - sit unsupported, crawl, hold objects between
thumb and index finger
12 mo - throw objects, stand by themselves, walk
w/ hands held
social developmental milestones:
2 mo: smile and recognize parents
4 - 6 mo: copy facial expressions, initiate
simple actions,
6 - 12 mo: cooperate w/ dressing,
understand simple commands, feel
separation anxiety
Erickson's developmental stage:
Trust vs mistrust where trust is
developed through physical comfort and
reliable care whereas mistrust is
developed through mistreatment or if
basic needs are not met
Physical Development (Growth)
Cognitive Development (Piaget)
Age-Appropriate Activities/Play
very large head and lanugo at 1 month
45.7 - 60 cm to double the height at 12
months
average 3.5 kg to 3x birth weight at 12
months
average 35 cm of head circumference at
birth to an increase of 10 cm at 12
months
posterior fontanelle (soft spot on baby's
head) < 1 cm and anterior fontanelle is
average of 2.1 cm at birth;
posterior fontanelle closes at 2 months
and anterior fontanelle closes at around
9large
- 18amount
monthsof cognitive growth,
respiratory rate becomes regular and
rhythmic, HR decreases, BP increases,
stomach capacity increases, urinate
frequently,
sensorimotor stage where they learn by
using senses and manipulating objects
begin to develop object permanence
around 7 - 8 mo.
2 mo - turn head when someone is
speaking, coo, preference for caregiver,
attention to new sounds or things, look at
objects when they reach midline,
4 mo - laugh, squeal, say "ga," feel, taste,
smell objects,
6 mo - babble
9 mo - make words like "mama" or
"dada"
12 mo - use other words like "no" or
"yes"
Immunizations Routine Health Screenings
HepB 1st dose at birth; 2nd dose at
1-2 mo; 3rd dose at 6-15 mo
Rotavirus 1st dose at 2 mo; 2nd
dose at 4 mo; and possible 3rd dose
(when using 3 dose series) at 6 mo
DTap 1st dose at 2 mo; 2nd dose at
4 mo; and 3rd dose at 6 mo
Haemophilus influenzae type b 4dose series (3-dose primary series at
age 2, 4, and 6 months, followed by
a booster dose* at age 12–15
months) or 3-dose series (2-dose
primary series at age 2 and 4
months, followed by a booster dose
at age 12–15 months)
Pneumococcal conjugate 4 dose
series (2, 4, 6, 12-15 mo)
Inactivated poliovirus 3 dose series
(2, 4, 6 - 15 mo)
COVID-19 (2- or 3-dose primary
series at 6 - 15 mo)
Influenza (1 or 2 doses; 6 - 15 mo)
regular screening (newborn, 3-5
days, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 mo) for height,
weight, head circumference,
weight, body mass index, blood
pressure, vision, hearing,
developmental surveillance,
behavioral, social, emotional
screening, and immunizations
newborn blood, bilirubin,
congenital heart defect, and
check risk for hep B virus
infection at newborn;
check risk for TB at 1 mo and 6
mo, anemia at 4 mo, and lead at 6
mo, 9 mo; check oral health and
fluoride supplementation at 6 mo
and 9 mo
Tummy time helps build your baby’s neck and
shoulder muscles to support sitting, crawling, and
eventually walking.
2 to 3 tummy time sessions each day for a short
period of time (3 to 5 minutes).
Play with infant get on the floor eye to eye with
your baby. Make faces, wiggle your fingers, slowly
move a colorful object in front of your baby’s eyes
from about 10–12 inches away.
Offer your baby safe objects to mouth. Watch as
they gaze at the object that interests him, reaches
for it, and then mouths it to figure out what it is!
Sing, chat, tickle, count toes
Make faces, smile, laugh, roll your eyes or poke out
your tongue.
Offer different objects to feel – soft toys, rattles or
cloth books with pages of different textures are lots
of fun to explore.
Read to your baby. Use silly voices, point out
pictures and colors.
Nutrition
Injury Prevention
first 6 mo: all nutrients needed in
breast milk; 6 mo - 12 mo: breast
milk can be supplemented with
other food and teeth begin to erupt
rear-facing car seat in back seat,
place baby on back to sleep on a
firm surface with no soft bedding;
give "tummy time" when awake to
prevent flattening of the head
newborns have smaller stomachs
and require smaller, more frequent
feedings than older, make sure to
burp the baby, make sure baby has
6-8 wet diapers/day
try 1 single ingredient food at a time
and wait 3-5 days at a time b/w each
new food to identify allergens
foods should be mashed, pureed,
strained to have a smooth texture
avoid hard foods like carrots,
apples, or grapes since they can
cause choking
cleaning products, medicine, toxic
materials, etc. out of reach of baby
and preferably placed in locked
cabinet;
keep number for poison control
near;
never leave infant unattended in
bathtub or in changing table; place
gates at top and bottom of stairs to
prevent falls; ensure water heater is
≤120 degrees F or 49 degrees C to
prevent accidental scalding