CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROGRAM
Table of Contents
1.0
PURPOSE
2.0
SCOPE
3.0
DEFINITIONS
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
4.0
Acceptable Entry Conditions
Attendant
Authorized Entrant
Blanking or Blinding
Engulfment
Entry
Entry Permit
Entry Supervisor
Hazardous Atmosphere
Immediately Dangerous To Life and Health
Inerting
Isolation
Job Plan Required
Oxygen-Deficient
Oxygen-Enriched
Rescue Service
Prohibited Condition
Retrieval System
Testing
PERMIT SYSTEM
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Evaluation of Work Places
Entry Permit Use
Issuance, Use and Cancellation of Permit
Entry Team
Definition of Confined Space
4.5.1 Size
4.5.2 Entrance / Exit
4.5.3 Occupancy
4.6
Definition of Permit Required Confined Space
4.6.1 Hazardous Atmosphere
4.6.2 Potential for Engulfment
4.6.3 Internal Configuration
4.6.4 Other Hazards
4.7
4.8
Definition of Alternate Permit Confined Space
Definition of Non-Permit Required Space
4.8.1 General Hazards
4.8.2 Atmospheric Hazards
4.9
4.10
Non-Permit Space Entry
Permit Spaces in Pollution Abatement
4.10.1 ABC Scrubbers
4.10.2 Fume Scrubbers
4.10.3 Fume Ducts
4.10.4 Hopper Modules
4.10.5 Lathe Exhaust Ducts
4.10.6 Acid Storage Vessels
4.10.7 Weak Acid Storage
4.10.8 Neutralization and Miscellaneous Storage
4.10.9 Caustic Tanks
4.10.10 Waste Silos
4.10.11 Bulk Chemical W Storage
4.10.12 Lift Station Sumps
4.10.13 Stacks
4.10.14 Chemical Transfer Station
4.10.15 Dike Sump
4.10.16 Acid Farm Dike Sump
4.10.17 T-150 Dike Sump
5.0
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.0
HAZARDS OF PERMIT SPACES
6.1
6.2
7.0
Monitoring Requirements
Monitoring Personnel
Monitoring Sequence
Potential Hazards
Hazards Peculiar to PA Permit Spaces
DUTIES AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS OF PERSONNEL
7.1
Authorized Entrants
7.1.1 Knowledge of Hazards
7.1.2 Use of Equipment
7.1.3 Detection of Prohibited Conditions During Entry Operations
7.2
Attendants
7.2.1 Duties
7.2.2 Knowledge of Hazards
7.2.3 Detection of Prohibited Conditions During Entry Operations
7.2.4 Record of Entrants
7.2.5 Monitor Permit Space Activities
7.2.6 Rescue
7.2.7 Communicate with Entrants
7.2.8 Monitor Permit Space Activities
7.2.9 Summon Rescue Services
7.2.10 Unauthorized Entrants
7.2.11 Use of Equipment
7.3
Entry Supervisors
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.5
7.3.6
7.3.7
7.3.8
7.4
Knowledge of Hazards
Certification of Permit
Posting of Permit
Availability of Permit
Cancellation of Permit
Rescue Services
Unauthorized Entrants
Transfer of Supervisory Responsibilities
Rescue Service Members
7.4.1 Rescue Practice
7.4.2 Trained in First Aid /CPR
7.4.3 Non-Entry Rescue
7.5
8.0
Refresher Training
CONTRACTORS
8.1
Communication with Contractor
8.11
8.1.2
8.1.3
8.1.4
Use of a Confined Space Program
Potential Hazards
Inform Contractor of Procedures
Debrief Contractor
9.0
USE OF ALTERNATE PROCEDURES
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
10.0
RECLASSIFYING PERMIT SPACES
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
11.0
Approval for Use of Alternate Procedures
Proof of Safe Atmosphere
Develop Monitoring and Inspection Data
Removing Entrant Cover
Guard Openings From Falling Objects
Testing Instrumentation
Exit Space During Hazardous Atmosphere
Continuous Forced Air Ventilation
Reevaluation When Configuration Changes
Reclassification If No Hazards
Reclassification After Permit Entry Performed
Document Basis For Reclassification
Annual Reevaluation
ATTACHMENTS
1.0
PURPOSE
To comply with the requirements of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 concerning
Confined Space Entry and Operations. This document is the property of
ACME, Incorporated and its authorized joint ventures. The document
contains proprietary information. All unauthorized reproduction is therefore
prohibited.
2.0
SCOPE
This document details the requirements and responsibilities of all personnel
working in or around Confined Spaces located in the Pollution Abatement
Department.
3.0
DEFINITIONS
Facilitate the understanding of terminology used in the PA Confined Space
Entry Program. Quotations are directly from the preamble to OSHA
1910.146.
3.1
Acceptable Entry Conditions
"The conditions that must exist in a Permit Space to allow Entry and
to ensure that employees involved with a Permit Required Confined
Space Entry can safely enter into and work within the space. No
unreasonable Permit Space hazards of any kind may be present
when Entry is authorized."
3.2
Attendant
"An individual who is stationed outside a Permit Space who monitors
the Authorized Entrants and who performs all duties assigned to the
Attendant by the employer's permit program."
3.3
Authorized Entrant
"An employee who is authorized by the employer to enter a Permit
Space."
3.4
Blanking or Blinding
"The absolute closure of a pipe, line or duct by the fastening of a solid
plate that completely covers the bore and can withstand the maximum
pressure with no leakage beyond the plate."
3.5
Engulfment
"The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or
finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to
cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that exerts
enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation,
constriction or crushing."
3.6
Entry
An act by which a person passes through an opening into a Permit
Space. Entry is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of
the Entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.
Entry, under OSHA Final Rule, does not apply to Non-Permit
Required Spaces. Only Permit Required Confined Spaces are
covered under this definition.
3.7
Entry Permit
The written or printed document that is provided by the employer to
allow and control Entry into a Permit Space and that contains certain
critical information. Each permit in the Attachments Section of this
document contains specific critical information pertaining to
Acceptable Conditions that must be present and maintained before
and during Entry.
3.8
Entry Supervisor
The person such as (the employer, foreman, or crew chief)
responsible for determining if Acceptable Entry Conditions are present
at the Permit Space where Entry is planned, for authorizing entry and
overseeing Entry operations, and for terminating Entry as required by
this document.
3.9
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere that may expose personnel to the risk of death,
incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, serious injury or
acute illness due to:
3.9.1 Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of the lower
flammable limit.
3.9.2 Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that exceeds its
lower flammable limit.
3.9.3 Atmospheric oxygen concentration that is less than 19.5% or
greater than 23.5%.
3.9.4 Atmospheric concentration of any substance for which a dose
or a permissible exposure limit is published in Subpart G or
Subpart 2 of Part 1910 General Industry Standards, or found
on the Material Safety Data Sheet associated with each
chemical used; that could result in employee exposure above
the accepted limit and
3.9.5 Any other atmospheric condition recognized as immediately
dangerous to life or health.
3.10
Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health - (IDLH)
Any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that
could cause irreversible adverse health effects or that could interfere
with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a Permit Space.
3.11
Inerting
The displacement of the atmosphere in a Permit Space by a noncombustible gas (e.g., nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting
atmosphere is non-combustible. Inerting the atmosphere within a
bulk Chemical W 4 storage vessel will be necessary prior to entry.
3.12
Isolation
The process by which a Permit Space is removed from service and
completely protected against the release of energy and materials into
the space by such means as blanking, misaligning or removing
sections of lines, pipes or ducts, a double block/bleed system,
lockout/tagout of all sources of energy, or blocking/disconnecting all
mechanical linkages.
3.13
Job Plan Required
The hazards associated with Entry into the Permit Confined Space
are extreme. Work in these spaces requires all groups involved to sit
down together and plan out in detail all aspects of the work, with
special emphasis on safety and rescue. The Confined Space Entry
Permit will list those spaces which require a Job Plan. (All bulk
Chemical W storage tanks and Tank-146.)
3.14
Oxygen-Deficient
An atmosphere containing less than 19.5% oxygen by volume. An
Oxygen-Deficient atmosphere is an unacceptable entry condition.
3.15
Oxygen-Enriched
An atmosphere containing more than 23.5% oxygen by volume. An
Oxygen-Enriched atmosphere poses a fire/explosion hazard when
exposed to a potentially flammable condition.
3.16
Rescue Service
An in-plant (and outside -plant, if necessary) team trained to rescue
personnel from Confined Spaces.
3.17
Prohibited Condition
Any condition in a Permit Space that is not allowed by the permit
during the period when Entry is authorized. Examples include:
atmosphere unacceptable, physical or mechanical conditions cannot
be controlled, or required support personnel/equipment unavailable.
3.18
Retrieval System
The equipment (including a retrieval line, chest or full-body harness,
wristlets, if appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor) used for nonentry rescue of persons from Permit Spaces. Wristlets are not
ordinarily acceptable for use alone. A retrieval system is required
unless the retrieval system would increase the risk to Entrants or the
system would not contribute to rescue. The appropriate safety
equipment will be listed on the Entry Permit.
3.19
Testing
The process by which the hazards that may confront Entrants of a
Permit Space are identified and evaluated. Specific required tests are
listed on the Entry Permit.
4.0
PERMIT SYSTEM
4.1
Evaluation of Work Places
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 requires employers to evaluate their work
places and identify Confined Spaces along with the hazards they
pose. In addition to the evaluation process, employers are required to
develop entry procedures which will control the hazards employees
face when entering Confined Spaces.
4.2
Entry Permit Use
The control process is accomplished through the use of Entry
Permits. Each Permit Required Confined Space in the Pollution
Abatement Department has an associated Entry Permit. (See
Attachments section of this document for specific space permits.)
4.3
Issuance, Use and Cancellation of Permit
When the need to enter into a Permit Required Confined Space has
been determined, the Entry Supervisor will select the appropriate
permit, ensure that it is filled out properly, collect the required
signatures and conduct the Entry operation per the requirements of
this document. When the Entry is complete or the Permit has
expired, the Permit will be cancelled and filed.
4.4
Entry Team
The Entry team includes three classifications of entry team members:
the Entry Supervisor, Authorized Entrant(s) and Attendant(s). The
Entry Supervisor may also serve as the Authorized Entrant or
Attendant, requiring only two persons for a lawful entry.
4.5
Definition of Confined Space
4.5.1 Size
A space which is large enough and so configured that a person
can bodily enter and perform assigned work or;
4.5.2 Entrance / Exit
A space having limited or restricted means of Access / Egress
or;
4.5.3 Occupancy
A space which is not designed for continuous worker
occupancy.
4.6
Definition of Permit Required Confined Space
A space which meets all of the requirements to be a "Confined
Space" plus one or more of the following conditions:
4.6.1 Hazardous Atmosphere
Contains or has a potential to contain a Hazardous
Atmosphere (e.g., Oxygen-Deficient, Oxygen-Enriched,
flammable, or toxic atmosphere).
4.6.2 Potential for Engulfment
Contains a material with the potential for engulfment of an
Entrant.
4.6.3 Internal Configuration
Has an internal configuration such that an Entrant could be
trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls, or a floor
which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section.
(Any configuration that would make it difficult for self-rescue.)
4.6.4 Other Hazards
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.
(e.g., mechanical hazards, radiation, noise, extreme heat/cold.)
4.7
Definition of Alternate Permit Confined Space
The employer can demonstrate that forced air ventilation alone will
control all hazards in the space.
4.8
Definition of Non-Permit Required Space
4.8.1 General Hazards
A Confined Space that does not contain any hazard capable of
causing death or serious physical harm AND,
4.8.2 Atmospheric Hazards
A Confined Space that does not have the potential to contain any
atmospheric hazard.
4.9
Non-Permit Space Entry
Entry into a Non-Permit Space does not require a permit.
4.10
Permit Spaces in Pollution Abatement defined in accordance with and OSHA
1910.146:
4.10.1
4.10.2
4.10.3
4.10.4
4.10.5
4.10.6
4.10.7
4.10.8
4.10.9
4.10.10
4.10.11
4.10.12
4.10.13
4.10.14
4.10.15
4.10.16
4.10.17
5.0
ABC Scrubbers # 1 through # 7
Fume Scrubbers # 1 through # 7
Fume Ducts (All)
Hopper Modules (All)
Lathe Exhaust Ducts
Acid Storage Vessels: T-135, T-136, T-137, T-140, T-141, T142, T-143, T-144, T-145
Weak Acid Storage: T-150
Neutralization and Miscellaneous Storage: Soft Water Backflush
Tank, T-172, T-173, T-130, T-131, T-132, T-133, T-134
Caustic Tanks:, T-201, T-111
Waste Holding Silos: Waste Silo Hopper 1, Waste Silo Hopper
4, Reclaim Waste Silo, Landfill Waste Silo, North Waste Silo
Hopper 4, South Waste Silo Hopper 4
Bulk Chemical W4 Storage Vessels: T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-11, T12, T-13, T-14
Lift Station Sumps
Stacks 1,2, 3
Chemical Transfer Station
Dike Sump A
Acid Farm Dike Sump
Dike Sump B
ATMOSPHERIC TESTING
5.1
Monitoring Requirements
Each Confined Space atmosphere shall be tested for oxygen content,
flammability and toxic chemical contamination prior to Entry. If
Acceptable Conditions are present, Entry can be made, but constant
oxygen, flammability, and toxic chemical contamination monitoring is
required.
5.2
Monitoring Personnel
Atmospheric testing shall be performed by the Entry Supervisor or
his/her designee with a direct reading meter.
5.3
Monitoring Sequence
First, test for oxygen, then flammable gas and vapors, then toxic gas
and vapors.
6.0
HAZARDS OF PERMIT SPACES
6.1
Potential Hazards
Hazards that may be encountered in Confined Spaces must be listed
on the permit and verified in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146.
6.1.1 Potential hazards particular to each Permit Space are listed in 6.2
below.
6.1.2 Entry personnel must also consider other potential hazards that could
occur as a result of cleaning chemicals or other incidental chemicals
that may be used in the space. Sufficient research should be
undertaken to determine compatibility of such incidental chemicals
with routine process chemicals.
6.1.3 The potential for Oxygen-Deficient atmospheres exists in all Permit
Spaces.
6.1.4 It should be noted that unexpected hazards may occur from spills,
leaks or other sources not related to the Permit Space.
6.1.5 Hazards other than atmospheric hazards may exist and should be
noted.
6.2
Hazards Particular to PA Permit Spaces
6.2.1 ABC Scrubbers # 1 through # 7
One should expect the potential presence of ABC as an irritant to skin
and an inhalation hazard.
6.2.2
Fume Scrubbers #1 through #7
One should expect the potential presence of liquid ABC and Chlorine
vapors as an irritant to skin and/or an inhalation hazard.
6.2.3
Fume Ducts (All)
One should expect the potential presence of liquid ABC and Chlorine
vapors as an irritant to skin and/or an inhalation hazard.
6.2.4 Hopper Modules (All)
One should expect the potential presence of Chemical W 4 enriched
soot and dust as an irritant to skin and an inhalation hazard, as well
as the potential for extreme heat.
6.2.5 Lathe Exhaust Ducts
One should expect the potential presence of Chemical W 4 Enriched
soot as an irritant to skin and an inhalation hazard as well as extreme
heat and ABC vapors.
6.2.6 Acid Storage Vessels: T-135, T-136, T-137, T-140, T-141, T-142, T143, T-144, T-145
One should expect the potential presence of ABC as an irritant to skin
and an inhalation hazard.
6.2.7 Weak Acid Storage: T-150
One should expect the potential presence of ABC as an irritant to skin
and an inhalation hazard.
6.2.8 Neutralization and Miscellaneous Storage: Soft Water Backflush
Tank, T-172, T-173, T-130, T-131, T-132, T-133, T-134
One should expect skin exposure to potentially acidic or caustic liquid
as well as limited means of access or egress.
6.2.9 Caustic Tanks: , T-201, T-111
One should expect skin exposure to and potential inhalation of NaOH
liquid.
6.2.10 Waste Holding Silos:
Waste Silo Hopper 1, Waste Silo Hopper 4, Reclaim Waste Silo,
Landfill Waste Silo, North Waste Silo Hopper 4, South Waste Silo
Hopper 4.
One should expect inhalation and potential skin irritation from
Chemical W 4 and enriched soot. There also exists an
Engulfment/Entrapment hazard and a Vertical Entry.
6.2.11 Bulk Chemical W 4 Storage Vessels: T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-11, T-12, T
-13, T-14.
One should expect skin exposure and inhalation of Chemical W 4
liquid and ABC vapor. There also exists a Vertical Entry.
6.2.12 Lift Station Sumps
One should expect the potential of methane gas(CH 4), H2S and an
Oxygen-Deficient atmosphere. There also exists a Vertical Entry.
6.2.13 Stacks 1,2,3
One should expect the potential presence of ABC and Chlorine as an
irritant to skin and an inhalation hazard as well as sediment waste and
methane gas (CH4).
6.2.14 Chemical W Transfer Station
One should expect the potential presence of whichever chemical is
being handled at the time of Entry. One should be familiar with the
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for that particular substance, and
address the requirements for safe Entry based on that data.
6.2.15 Dike Sump
One should expect a possible Engulfment hazard by liquid NaOH.
6.2.16 Acid Farm Dike Sump
One should expect the potential presence of acids as an irritant to
skin and an inhalation hazard and a possible Engulfment hazard.
6.2.17 Dike Sump B
One should expect the potential presence of acids as an irritant to
skin and an inhalation hazard and a possible Engulfment hazard.
7.0
DUTIES AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS OF PERSONNEL
7.1
Authorized Entrants
The personnel authorized to perform all Entrant duties are listed in the
attached section "Authorized Personnel".
7.1.1 Knowledge of Hazards
Authorized Entrants are required to be trained and
knowledgeable about Permit Space hazards. Authorized
Entrants shall review the Entry Permit before entering the
Permit Space.
7.1.1.1
Acute Effects of Atmospheric Hazards
The Authorized Entrant shall be knowledgeable
of the mode, signs, symptoms and
consequences of exposure of any hazard
potentially encountered in the Permit Space.
Particular knowledge of the acute effects of
potential atmospheric hazards is required. In the
event the Authorized Entrant is not familiar with
said acute effects he/she shall consult the
appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet or other
resources and notify the Entry Supervisor.
7.1.2 Use of Equipment
Authorized Entrants shall be proficient in the proper use of all
personal protective equipment, other safety equipment, and
testing equipment listed on the Confined Space Entry Permit.
In the event an Authorized Entrant does not possess said
knowledge he/she shall immediately notify the Entry
Supervisor.
7.1.2.1
Harness and Lifeline
All personnel entering Permit Required Confined
Spaces shall utilize a full body harness with
lifeline attached or other approved rescue
retrieval system, unless such equipment would
interfere with rescue procedures.
7.1.2.2
Vertical Entry
In the case of a Vertical Entry into any
Confined Space all personnel entering
the Permit Space shall utilize a full body
harness with an approved rescue retrieval
system, unless such equipment would
interfere with rescue procedures.
7.1.3 Detection of Prohibited Conditions During Entry Operations
7.1.3.1
Exit Space
If a Prohibited Condition or any potential acute effect of
exposure is detected the Entrant must exit the space at
once. The Entrant is required to exit the Permit Space
as quickly as possible whenever the Attendant or Entry
Supervisor orders evacuation.
7.1.3.2
Cancellation of Permit
If during Entry operations, a Prohibited Condition is
detected, the Permit is automatically cancelled and any
further Entry will require issuance of a new Permit.
7.1.3.3
Alert Attendant
The Entrant is required to alert the Attendant when the
Entrant recognizes any warning sign or symptom of
exposure to a dangerous or Prohibited Condition and to
exit the Permit Space immediately.
7.2
Attendants
The personnel authorized to perform all Attendant duties are
listed in the attached section "Authorized Personnel".
7.2.1 Duties
7.2.1.1
7.2.1.2
7.2.1.3
7.2.1.4
7.2.1.5
7.2.1.6
7.2.1.7
To monitor the safety and condition of the Entrants
To keep unauthorized persons out of the Permit Space
To remain alert for hazards and issue warnings
To order evacuation upon detection of any Prohibited
Condition
To perform Non-Entry Rescue of Entrants
To provide information to Rescue Services
To perform other duties such as may be required that
do not interfere with or prevent constant monitoring of
the Entry.
7.2.2 Knowledge of Hazards
Attendants are required to be trained and knowledgeable of
Permit Space hazards. Attendants shall review the Entry
Permit before Entrants enter the Permit Space.
7.2.2.1
Acute Effects of Atmospheric Hazards
The Attendant shall be knowledgeable of the mode,
signs, symptoms and consequences of exposure to any
hazard potentially encountered in the Permit Space.
Particular knowledge of the acute effects of potential
atmospheric hazards including their behavioral effects is
required. In the event the Attendant is not familiar with
said acute effects he/she shall consult the appropriate
Material Safety Data Sheet or other resources as
needed and notify the Entry Supervisor.
7.2.3 Detection of Prohibited Conditions During Entry Operations
7.2.3.1
Evacuation of Space
If a Prohibited Condition or any potential acute effect of
exposure is detected the Attendant must order
immediate evacuation of the space by all personnel.
7.2.3.2
Cancellation of Permit
If, during Entry operations, a Prohibited Condition is
detected the Permit is automatically cancelled and any
further Entry will require issuance of a new Permit.
7.2.4 Record of Entrants
Attendants are required to maintain a continuous accurate
record of all Authorized Entrants in the Permit Space.
7.2.5 Remain Outside Permit Space
Attendants are required to remain outside the Permit Space
during Entry operations until he or she is relieved by another
Authorized Attendant.
7.2.6 Rescue
When needed, the Attendant shall perform Non-Entry Rescue
including the use of the rescue-retrieval system, life lines, or
other appropriate means. The Attendant may attempt a
rescue requiring Entry of the Permit Space only if he/she is
trained and authorized in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146
and this Confined Space Entry Program, and if he/she is
relieved by another properly Authorized Attendant.
7.2.7 Communicate with Entrants
Attendants are required to communicate with Entrants as
necessary to monitor Entrant status and to alert Entrants of the
need to evacuate the space. Communication procedures shall
be determined by the Entrants and the Attendant(s) prior to
Entry.
7.2.8 Monitor Permit Space Activities
Attendants are required to monitor activities inside and outside
the Permit Space to determine if it is safe for Entrants to
remain in the space.
7.2.9 Summon Rescue Services
Attendants are required to summon Rescue Services and
other emergency services as soon as it is determined that an
emergency condition exists.
7.2.10 Unauthorized Entrants
Attendants are required to take the following actions when
unauthorized persons approach or enter a Permit Space while
Entry is under way:
7.2.10.1
7.2.10.2
7.2.10.3
Warn unauthorized persons to stay out
Inform the Authorized Entrants and Entry Supervisor if
unauthorized persons enter the space
Order evacuation of all personnel if an unauthorized
person fails to immediately exit the Permit Space.
7.2.11 Use of Equipment
Attendants are required to be proficient in the proper use of all
personal protective equipment, other safety equipment, and
testing equipment described on the Confined Space Entry
Permit.
7.3
Entry Supervisors
The personnel authorized to perform all Entry Supervisor duties are
listed in the attached section "Authorized Personnel".
7.3.1 Knowledge of Hazards
Entry Supervisors are required to be trained and
knowledgeable about Permit Space hazards to include the
mode, signs, symptoms and consequences of exposure.
7.3.2 Certification of Permit
The Entry Supervisor shall complete or cause to be completed
all required verifications of safe Entry on the Confined Space
Entry Permit. The signature of the Entry Supervisor shall
indicate his/her certification that all tests necessary to ensure
safe entry and operations within the space have been
performed and are recorded on the Permit, and that all
procedures (including isolation of the space in accordance with
29 CFR 1910.147 and the PA lockout/tagout procedures) and
equipment necessary to ensure safe Entry and operations
within the space are in place and are recorded on the Permit.
7.3.3 Posting of Permit
The Entry Supervisor shall ensure that the Permit is
conspicuously posted near the Entry to the Permit Space prior
to Entry of any personnel and that said Permit remains posted
until cancelled in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.146 and this
program.
7.3.4 Availability of Permit
The Entry Supervisor shall ensure that the Permit is available
for review to all Authorized Entrants and Attendants prior to
Entry.
7.3.5 Cancellation of Permit
The Entry Supervisor is required to terminate the Entry and
cancel the Permit if a Prohibited Condition is present, if the
Entry Permit has expired or the task is complete.
7.3.6 Rescue Services
The Entry Supervisor is required to verify that Rescue Services
are available and that the means of summoning them are
operable prior to authorizing Entry.
7.3.7 Unauthorized Entrants
The Entry Supervisor is required to remove unauthorized
individuals who enter or attempt to enter the Permit Space
during Entry operations.
7.3.8 Transfer of Supervisory Responsibilities
7.3.8.1
7.4
Whenever responsibility for a Permit Space Entry
operation is transferred, the Entry Supervisor accepting
responsibility shall so indicate by affixing his signature
to the Permit.
Rescue Service Members
7.4.1 If a rescue squad or other group that are not employees of ACME,
Inc. is used for Rescue Services, ACME must:
7.4.1.1
Fulfill responsibility to ensure appropriate service is
available
7.4.1.2
Inform the Rescue Service of the hazards they may
encounter
Provide Rescue Service access to all permit areas to
allow for planning and practice of rescue operations
7.4.1.3
7.4.2 PA Rescue Services
The personnel authorized to perform the duties of Rescue
Service Member are listed in the attached section "Authorized
Personnel".
7.4.3 Summoning Rescue Services
If an emergency situation develops during Entry operations,
the Attendant will summon the PA operators and notify the PA
control room, who will notify Plant Security. Security will call
for the First Responders (and plant nurse if on duty) to the
Pollution Abatement Department. One PA operator will be
standing by to direct the medical personnel to the Entry site.
7.4.4 Removing Entrant from Confined Space
Rescue Services members will enter the Confined Space and,
under the direction of a qualified medical person, remove the
Entrant if possible. When the Entrant is removed, medical
personnel (First Responders / plant nurse) will administer First
Aid if necessary. If the Entrant requires additional treatment at
an offsite medical facility, it shall be the responsibility of the
Entry Supervisor to ensure the Material Safety Data Sheet
covering any Confined Space chemical the Entrant may have
been exposed to, is delivered to the medical facility.
7.4.5 Requirements for Rescue Services:
7.4.5.1
Use of PPE
Personnel assigned as rescuers shall be equipped with
and trained to use all personal protective equipment
and rescue equipment necessary to enable them to
enter and perform rescue operations in the employer's
Permit Required Confined Space.
7.4.5.2
Trained to Perform Duties
Members of the Rescue Service are required to be
trained to perform their assigned rescue duties. They
are also required to receive Entrant's training.
7.4.5.3
Rescue Practice
Rescuers are required to practice making Permit Space
rescues at least once every twelve months, by means of
a simulated rescue operation in which they remove
persons from actual Permit Spaces or from
representative Permit Spaces. Representative spaces
must be similar in configuration.
7.4.5.4
Trained in First Aid / CPR
Rescue Service members are required to be trained in
basic First Aid and in CPR. At least one of the
members on site during rescue operations must hold
current certification in First Aid and CPR.
7.4.5.5
Non-Entry Rescue Systems
7.4.5.5.1
A full body harness with a lifeline attached to the
harness and to a hard point outside the space,
or the use of a tripod type rescue/retrieval
system shall be required upon entering the
following spaces:
7.5
7.4.5.5.2
A rescue/retrieval system shall be used at other
times of Vertical Entry or in those spaces with
limited means of access and egress.
7.4.5.5.3
The use of harnesses or retrieval lines in spaces
with obstructions and turns or projections that
could harm the Entrant is not required.
7.4.5.5.4
In Confined Spaces where the entrant is required
to wear a full body harness with retrieval line
attached to a mechanical lifting device, the point
of attachment must be at the center of the
Entrant's back, near shoulder level or above the
Entrant's head so that the Entrant will present
the smallest possible profile during removal. The
retrieval line must be attached to a lifting device
so that rescue can begin as soon as necessary.
Refresher Training
Each of the above positions requires annual refresher training.
8.0
CONTRACTORS IN PA
8.1
Communication with Contractor
When contractors are working in PA Permit Required Confined
Spaces, a PA technician or PA supervisor is required to communicate
the following to the contractor prior to his entering a Permit Required
Confined Space:
8.1.1 Use of a Confined Space Program
Management shall inform the contractor that the workplace has
Permit Spaces. These spaces may be entered only in
accordance with this Confined Space Program and all
requirements of OSHA 1910.146, or an alternate program
approved by ACME management that meets or exceeds the
standard.
8.1.2 Potential Hazards
Management shall provide the contractor with the elements
that indicate that the space in question is a Permit Space (e.g.,
the hazards posed by the space and the host employer's
experience with the space).
8.1.3 Inform Contractor of Procedures
Provision of a copy of this program and the elements required
above shall be deemed to constitute informing the contractor of
the precautions or procedures, if any, that the host employer
has implemented for the protection of employees in or near
Permit Spaces where contractor personnel will be working.
8.1.4 Debrief Contractor
Management shall debrief the contractor at the end of Entry
operations concerning any hazards confronted or created
during Entry operations.
9.0
USE OF ALTERNATE PROCEDURES
9.1
Approval of Use of Alternate Procedure
Use of alternate permit procedures must be approved by
management case by case, based on the following :
9.2
Proof of Safe Atmosphere
The PA Section Supervisor or his designee must be able to
demonstrate that ventilation alone is sufficient to maintain the Permit
Space safe for Entry. After ventilation, the atmosphere may not be
expected to approach a hazardous atmosphere so that, if power is
lost on ventilation equipment, Entrants will have enough time to
recognize the hazard and exit the space.
9.3
Develop Monitoring and Inspection Data
Develop Monitoring and Inspection Data - "The PA Section Supervisor
or his designee must develop monitoring and inspection data that
proves the atmosphere can be made safe (within the guidelines of the
Entry Permit) with ventilation alone. If an initial Entry is made to
gather this data, that Entry must be made under full Permit
procedures. The data gathered must be documented.
9.4
Removing Entrant Cover
Any condition that makes it unsafe to remove an Entrant cover must
be eliminated before the cover is removed. (Examples: high
pressure, high temperature, chemical hazard)
9.5
Guard Openings From Falling Objects
The openings to Permit Spaces must be guarded to prevent objects
falling in on Entrants inside (unless it is configured such that it is
impossible for anything to fall into the space.)
9.6
Testing Instrumentation
The atmosphere in the Permit Space must be tested with a calibrated,
direct-reading instrument before any Entrant enters the space. The
following tests must occur in order -- oxygen content, flammability
gases / vapors, and potential air contaminants.
9.7
Exit Space During Hazardous Atmosphere
Entrants are prohibited from being in the space when a Hazardous
Atmosphere is present. Continuous monitoring of the atmosphere
and space must be conducted to detect any hazards.
9.8
Continuous Forced Air Ventilation
Continuous forced air ventilation must be used to maintain the space
safe for Entry under the following conditions:
9.8.1 Personnel must not enter until the atmospheric hazard is removed by
forced air.
9.8.2 Must ventilate where the Entrant will work and continue until everyone
leaves.
9.8.3 Ventilation air must be from a clean source.
10.0
RECLASSIFYING PERMIT SPACES
10.1
Reevaluation When Configuration Changes
"Employers are required to evaluate Non-Permit Confined Space
whenever changes in the use or configuration of the space might
endanger Entrants."
10.2
Reclassification If No Hazards
"Employers are allowed to reclassify a Permit Space as a Non-Permit
Confined Space if there are no actual or potential Atmospheric
Hazards, and if all other hazards within the space are eliminated
without Entry into the space."
10.3
Reclassification After Permit Entry Performed
"Employers are allowed to reclassify a Permit Space as a Non-Permit
Confined Space after a Permit Entry is performed to eliminate
hazards within the space." (Example: chemical tanks that are
drained, purged of residual chemicals and venting after purging is
complete.)
10.4
Document Basis for Reclassification
"Employers seeking to reclassify a Permit Space are required to
document the basis for the determination that all Permit Space
hazards have been eliminated through a certification that contains the
date, location and signature of certifying individual.
10.5
Annual Reevaluation
Entry Permits will be retained for one year. At the end of the first
year, and each year thereafter, this program will be reevaluated and
inadequacies corrected.
11.0
ATTACHMENTS
11.1
The following attachments are Entry Permits for those Confined Spaces
outlined in this document.
11.2
Authorized Personnel
11.2.1 Rescue Service Members
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PERMIT
PERMIT MUST BE POSTED ON JOB SITE-GOOD ONLY ON INDICATED DATE
Entry Space: ABC Scrubber # ____
Purpose:________________________________________________
Location:_______________________
________________________________________________
Duration of Permit:
Date:
Time:
________________________________________________
to
to
PERMIT #: _____________
PERSONNEL
AUTHORIZED ATTENDANTS:
AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS:(list or attach roster)
____________________ _____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ _____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ _____________________
____________________ ____________________
____________________ _____________________
____________________ ____________________
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND ISOLATION
HAZARDS OF SPACE (indicate with initials):
ISOLATION PROCEDURES (check after completion):
____ O2 deficient <19.5% ____ Mechanical Hazards
R Pre-entry briefing-specific hazards & control methods
____ O2 enriched > 23.5%____ Electrical shock
R Notification of affected departments
____ Flammable gases or vapors (> 10% LFL)
R Notify contractors of permit & hazard conditions
____ ABC Vapors(> PEL)
R Atmospheric test
R Inert
R Barriers
____ Liquid ABC
R Purge/clean
R Blank/blind
R Ventilate
____ Other:
____ Engulfment
_________________________________
R Lockout/tagout
_________________________________
R Others
_________________________________
_________________________________
COMMUNICATION METHODS/PROCEDURES
EMERGENCY CONTACT:
Service:
Phone:
Method:
___________________ _________ ________________
BETWEEN ATTENDANT/AUTHORIZED ENTRANTS:
___________________ _________ ________________
______________________________________________
Page 2 ABC Scrubber#_____
______________________________________________
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR
ENTRY/WORK/RESCUE
CSE Permit #________ cont'd
Specify as required:
R Personal Protective Equipment:
R Respiratory Protection:
_________________________
____________________ _____________________________
_________________________
R Communication:
R Atmospheric Testing/Monitoring:
____________________
R Rescue Equipment:
Full Body Harness With Lifeline
R Other:
_________________________
____________________ _____________________________
TESTING RECORD
Time
: am/pm
: am/pm
: am/pm
: am/pm
: am/pm
: am/pm
Acceptable
Conditions
Initial
Conditions Result
: am/pm
Result
Result
Result
Result
Result
Tester Initials
O2 Min
19.5 %
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
O2 Max
23.5 %
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
________
Flammability
________
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
ABC Vapors
<50ppm
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
Cl2
________
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
CO
________
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
________
Heat
________
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
Other
________
________
______
______
______
_____
_____
_____
_________
AUTHORIZATION BY ENTRY SUPERVISORS
I CERTIFY THAT ALL REQUIRED PRECAUTIONS HAVE BEEN TAKEN AND NECESSARY EQUIPMENT IS
PROVIDED FOR SAFE ENTRY, WORK AND RESCUE IN THIS CONFINED SPACE.
Name (print)
Signature
Date
Time
_________________________ ________________________________ ____________ ________________
_________________________ ________________________________ ____________ ________________
_________________________ ________________________________ ____________ ________________
POST ENTRY COMMENTS / PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED DURING ENTRY: