time taken for the mass or activity of a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay t half its value. region where a charged object experiences a force due to the presence of another charged object. electric shock lazer printers 10+10= 20 V 8s f=1/T 1/8= 0.125Hz the energy required to change 1 kg substace by 1 degree temperature the energy required to change a substance by 1 degree temperature C= c x m Force is directly proportional to extension given that the elastic limit is not exceeded. primary coil iron core primary voltage secondary coil step-up transformer Vp/Vs = np/ns