th
Thursday, August 15
Yo u n e e d : p e n c i l , c o m p u t e r, b i n d e r / f o l d e r, b e l l r i n g e r s h e e
5
Thursday: Grammar Review Notes
Sentence: Complete thought
My daughter loves to eat Cheese Puffs.
Fragment: Incomplete thought
-Eating Cheese Puffs.
house.
-Through the window in the
Run-on: 2 sentences shoved together
The bee flew up my nose it stung me inside the nostril.
Thursday: Grammar Review
Practice
Identify Sentences as (S), fragments (FR), or Run-ons (RO)
1. Invented Cheetos in 1948.
2. There are 21 types of Cheetos sold in North America Japan
sells Strawberry flavored Cheetos.
3. PepsiCo owns the Cheetos brand.
4. Pepsi and Mountain Dew flavored Cheetos in Japan
5. Flamin’ Hot Cheetos were invented by a janitor the company
stole his idea, and he received no credit for it.
6. The Cheetos mascot first was a mouse and then changed to
a cheetah in 1986.
Thursday: Grammar Review
Practice
Identify Sentences as (S), fragments (FR), or Run-ons (RO)
1. Invented Cheetos in 1948.
2. There are 21 types of Cheetos sold in North America Japan
sells Strawberry flavored Cheetos.
3. PepsiCo owns the Cheetos brand.
4. Pepsi and Mountain Dew flavored Cheetos in Japan
5. Flamin’ Hot Cheetos were invented by a janitor the company
stole his idea, and he received no credit for it.
6. The Cheetos mascot first was a mouse and then changed to
a cheetah in 1986.
Agenda
1. Warm-up
2. Notes w/ video clips
3. Kahoot competition (?)
Objective: We can learn or review short story elements by taking notes. We can
analyze video clips to find these elements.
Short Story
Elements
Notes
Protagonist
-main character
-usually plays the role of the hero or
heroine
Antagonist
-opposes the protagonist
-usually plays the role of the villain
Static vs
Dynamic
Static (or flat):
not complex; little or no
change as the story progresses
Static Examples:
-Squidward
-Some villains
Dynamic (or round):
complex; undergoes an
important inner change
Dynamic Examples:
-the Grinch
-Loki
Characterization
The character is…
Direct
Writer tells the
audience about the
character
tall
nice
witty
angry
impatient
nervous
Direct: Example
“John was an intelligent
and quick-witted
student.”
The author directly tells
the reader about John’s
personality traits.
Characterization
Indirect
Writer indirectly
reveals the personality
of a character by
showing the reader
Indirect:
Example
“Susan was not looking forward
to wearing a frilly dress to the
dance. It simply wasn’t her.”
The author does not tell the
reader anything directly about
Susan, but his words show that
Susan may feel out of place
when she wears a dress.
Speech
Consider what the character says and how they speak.
What does this reveal about their personality?
A person who uses complex language may be intelligent or
educated.
A person who talks a lot may be social or just nervous.
A person who swears a lot may be angry, crude, or hottempered.
Thoughts
Consider what is revealed through the character’s
private thoughts and feelings.
Beth thought to herself that if she had to sit in class for
one more minute she might explode. ‘When will this class
end?’ she wondered.
-Beth’s thoughts indirectly reveal she is impatient
and has very little interest in school.
Effect on Others
Consider how other characters feel or act in reaction to
the character.
The girl glared at her brother as he finished his dessert. He
looked at her apologetically, but this only made her angrier.
and
-This passage reveals that the girl is furious with her
brother for something. It shows she is hot-tempered
unforgiving.
Actions
Consider the character’s action. How do they behave and
what do they do? What does this reveal about their
personality?
She took a deep breath, smiled, and let go of the airplane
doors. The first 10 seconds were a rush she had never felt
before. She pulled the handle and the chute opened.
risk-
-This passage reveals that the woman is a fearless
taker. Her actions and attitude show she gets a thrill
from dangerous activities.
Looks
A character’s appearance can reveal information about a
person, but it can sometimes be deceptive. Consider the
character’s expression, body language, and dress.
The little girl, covered in dirt, left the game with
slumped shoulders and a frown on her face. She
knew it was over.
-The girl’s body language shows that she is
disappointed with her or her team’s performance.
It also suggests that she is a competitive person.
Example:
The Breakfast Club
Plot
Organized
sequence of events
that make up a
story: main
storyline
Plot
Diagram
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
EXPOSITION
Starts the story. Characters, setting, main conflict are introduced.
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
© Presto Plans
RISING ACTION
Majority of the action takes place. Conflict begins to develop. Interest
and suspense are built.
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
© Presto Plans
CLIMAX
Turning point of the story. Most intense / emotional point. The main character
will often change in some way. Focus switches from the problem to the solution.
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
© Presto Plans
FALLING ACTION
Loose ends of the plot are tied up. Conflict and climax start to
be resolved.
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
© Presto Plans
RESOLUTION
Story comes to a conclusion. Conflict is completely resolved or is
determined unsolvable.
CLIMAX
RISING ACTION
EXPOSITION
FALLING ACTION
RESOLUTION
© Presto Plans
Mood
The emotion that the
readers feel while reading
about the subject.
Determine the
mood
“Attic Panic” by David F. Sandberg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrGMENN1i
aY
Tone
The author’s or
narrator’s attitude
towards the
audience, the
subject, or character.
The tone influences
the story’s
mood/atmosphere.
Movie Tone
HOW TO FIND TONE
Tone is not stated directly. You must read between the lines to see what
the author’s or narrator’s attitude is on the subject. Tone can be
revealed through:
- Dialogue between characters
- Descriptions
- Author’s diction (word choice)
- The themes that emerge
© Presto Plans
Which tone is more
cheerful?
Which tone is more
judgmental?
WHAT IS THEME?
It is a significant idea/statement the story is
making about society, human nature or the
human condition. Lesson learned
© Presto Plans
© Presto Plans
FINDING THEME
Theme is not directly
stated in a reading.
The reader must make
inferences
and draw conclusions.
© Presto Plans
© Presto Plans
SUBJECT VS. THEME
Subject: topic
Theme: lesson
Subject
Theme
Dreams
Dreams are necessary for a
happy life.
Courage
Courage is not absence of fear,
but the mastery of fear.
© Presto Plans
© Presto Plans
THEMATIC STATEMENT
Writing a thematic statement:
Connect a story’s topic with what
the story reveals about the topic.
Topic + learned about topic
Ambition in excess leads to a persons downfall
Story Topic
Revelation on the topic
(theme)
© Presto Plans
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
Simile: compares two things using like or as
She eats like a pig when she’s hungry.
Metaphor: compares two things (no like or as)
She is a pig when she’s eating.
Personification: giving human characteristics
Love is blind.
Alliteration: occurrence of the same letter or sound at
the beginning of words (tongue twister)
“With blinding sight/ blind eyes could blaze”
Allusion: makes a reference to something
historical, cultural, or with literature significance.
-You don’t need a man to save you; you’re not
Cinderella.
-Even though he’s only five years
old, he’s quite the Einstein.
Hyperbole: extreme exaggeration
-I’ve seen this movie a million times.
-I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!
Paradox: seemingly contradictory statement
but actually makes sense
-Less is more.
-This is the beginning of the end.
-There is nobody poorer than a rich man.
Which figurative language is represented?
1.You need to be cruel to be kind.
2.He was aware that Death was knocking on his door.
3.Sara is the apple of her father’s eye.
4.My shoes are killing me!
5.“With bloody blameful blade he bravely broached”
6.Completing a triathlon is a Herculean task, but I think
that Toby is up to it.
7.Cindy’s skin is like porcelain.