MLSP111
History of Medical
Technology
Profession
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE
OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
LESSON INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES :
At the end of the lesson, the student shall be able to:
• Discuss the history of medical technology on a global context.
• Discuss the history of medical technology in the United States.
• Discuss the history of medical technology in the Philippines.
• Identify important personalities that played a significant role in
the progress of medical technology profession.
• Discuss the historical milestones in Medical Technology
Definition of Medical Technology
Medical Technology defined:
By Heinemann:
• Application of principles of natural, physical and
biological sciences.
• Performance of laboratory procedures
• Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
By Anna Fagelson:
• Performance of laboratory determinations and
analyses
• Diagnosis and treatment of diseases
• Maintenance of health
By Walters
• Health profession concerned with performing
laboratory analyses
• Obtaining information necessary in the diagnosis
and treatment of disease
• Maintenance of good health
According to “The Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969
(RA 5527)”
• “Medical technology is an auxiliary branch
of laboratory medicine which deals with the
examination
by
various
chemical,
microscopic, bacteriologic, and other
medical procedures, techniques which will
aid the physician in the diagnosis, study
and treatment of disease and in the
promotion of health in general.”
HISTORY OF MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY
• 1500 B.C.
• Intestinal parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris
were mentioned in early writings.
• Ebers Papyrus
• Book for treatment of
diseases
containing
description of the three
stages
of
hookworm
infection (Vivian Herrick)
• 300 B.C - Hippocrates
• “Father of Medicine”
• Advocated the use of “mind and
senses” as diagnostic tools.
• Described 4 humors or body
fluids in the human body
• Associated the appearance of
bubbles on the surface of urine to
kidney disease and chronic
illness
• Around 50 A.D – Rufus of Ephesus
• Made the first description of hematuria as
the presence of blood in the urine
• Middle Ages
• Diagnosis by “water
casting” was
popularized.
• 1096-1438 (Medieval period)
• Quacks reaped fortunes
from diagnosing disease
by the appearance of the
urine. (Ruth Williams)
• Hindu doctors made the
scientific observation that
the urine of certain
individuals attracted ants
and that such urine has a
sweetish taste.
• 14th Century
• Italian physician at the University of Bologna
employed Alexandra Giliani to perform certain tasks
which would now be considered those of the
medical technologist.
• She was an anatomist, serving as the first woman
pro-sector or preparer of dissections for anatomical
study.
• Unfortunately, this young lady died of laboratory
acquired infection
• 17th century (1632-1723)
• Anton
van
Leeuwenhoek invented
and
improved
the
compound microscope.
• He was the first to
describe the red blood
cells, to see protozoa,
and to classify bacteria
according to shape.
Frederick Dekkers
• Observed that proteins in
the urine precipitated
when boiled with acetic
acid.
• 1628-1694 – Marcello Malphigi
• Described as the “greatest” of the early
microscopist.
• He was also the “Founder of Pathology”
because of his contributions in the field of
embryology and anatomy.
1847- Rudolf Virchow
• Practiced pathology
• He was the founder of the Archives of pathology in
Berlin, Germany.
1848 – Hermann von Fehling
• Performed the first quantitative test for urine sugar.
19th century
• production of aniline dyes which is used in staining
bacteria for microscopy.
• Era of public health
1861- Louis Pasteur
• Discovered the concepts of
aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
• Discovered that wine spoiling due
to microbes could be prevented
by partial heat sterilization
(pasteurization) at a temperature
of 55̊̊C – 60̊̊C.
• Developed a vaccine against
anthrax in 1881.
Robert Koch
• Formulated the Koch’s postulates
• Specificity of a pathogen can be established if:
• 1. It is present in all cases
• 2. Inoculations of its pure culture produce
disease in animals
• 3. From these cultures, it can again be obtained
• 4. Then it can again be propagated in pure
cultures
The History of Medical
Technology in the United states
The first chemical laboratory related to medicine
was established at the University of Michigan by
Dr. Douglas.
• He pioneered laboratory instruction in this
well-equipped laboratory.
1878, Dr. William H. Welch
• Established another laboratory at the Bellevue
Hospital Medical College.
• He gave the first laboratory course in Pathology
ever offered in an American Medical School.
• 1885, Dr. William H. Welch
• Became the first professor of pathology at the John
Hopkins University
1896, Dr. William Osler
• First clinical laboratory opened at the John Hopkins
Hospital
• Routine examination were carried out
• Special attention being given to the search for malarial
parasites in blood.
1895-1896,
• Clinical laboratory was also opened at the University of
Pennsylvania
• William Pepper Laboratory
1908- Dr. James C. Todd
• Wrote the book “A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis”.
• It was retitled “Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory
Methods” in its 6th edition by Dr. Todd and Dr.
Arthur Sanford.
• This book became the standard reference for
laboratories.
1919 census,
• 100 technicians, all male employed in the United States.
• This increased to 3,500 in 1920.
• In 1922, 3,035 hospitals had clinical laboratories.
1915,
• The state legislature of Pennsylvania enacted a law requiring
all hospitals and institutions to have an adequate laboratory
and to employ a full time laboratory technician.
1922, University of Minnesota• One of the first school to train laboratory workers.
• A course bulletin was titled “ Courses in Medical
Technology for Clinical and laboratoryTechnicians.
1923, University of Minnesota
• first to offer a degree level program.
1940
• United States required a 2 year collegiate education
and a twelve-month actual training in the laboratory for
the preparation of its practice.
1950,
• Standard curriculum was formalized in preparation for
a Bachelor of Science degree.
The History of Medical
Technology in the Philippines
• 6th Infantry Division of the U.S Army – introduced
the Medical technology
• First clinical laboratory: 208 Quiricada St., Sta
Cruz Manila
• October 1, 1945 – Dr. Alfredo Pio De Roda
• Reorganized the deserted laboratory
• Supported by Dr. Mariano Icasiano – Manila City
Health Officer
• The Laboratory was later named Manila Public Health Laboratory
• Dr. Prudencia Sta. Ana – offered a training program to
highschool graduates who were interested to work as medical
technicians (1947)
• 1954- The first four-year Bachelor of Medical Technology
Program was offered by the Philippine Union College and Manila
Sanitarium
• Dr. Jesse Umali- First graduate if the program in the PUC (1956)
• 1957 – University of Santo Tomas offered Medical
Technology as a major in the degree B.S in Pharmacy not B.S
Medical Technology and without the 12-month internship
training
• 1960 – Centro Escolar University (CEU), through the initiative
of President Carmen De Luna and university registrar
Generosa De Leon, delegated dean Purification Suaco to work
for offering the degree B.S. Medical Technology
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