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Technology In Action
© 2017 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1
Technology In Action
Chapter 1
Why Computers Matter to You:
Becoming Computer Fluent
© 2017 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
2
Objectives
• Computer fluency
• Computers and careers
• Computer functions
• Data vs. information
• Computer hardware and software
• Societal challenges and computers
• Future technologies
© 2017 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
3
What is Computer Fluency?
• To be computer
fluent you must:
– Understand a
computer’s
capabilities and
limitations
– Know how to use a
computer
© 2017 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
4
Being a Savvy Computer User
and Consumer
• Make good purchase decisions
• Maintain your computer
• Keep abreast of changes in
technology
• Understand the real risks
• Use the Internet wisely
• Avoid online annoyances
• Avoid hackers and viruses
• Protect your privacy
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
5
Computers in your Career?
• Computer careers in:
– Business
– The Arts
– The Medical Field
– Law Enforcement
– Legal Fields
– Education
– The Sciences
– Gaming
– Homes
© 2017 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
6
Computers in Business
• Point of Sale Terminals
• Tracking merchandise
• Data mining
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
7
Computers in the Arts
• Virtual art
• Virtual dance
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
8
Computers in the Medical Field
• Virtual reality in medical applications
• Patient simulator
• Da Vinci Surgical System
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
9
Computers in Law Enforcement
• Computer forensics
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
10
Computers in the Legal Fields
• Surveillance cameras
• Forensic animation
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
11
Computers in Education
• Computers in the
classroom
• Distance Education
• Computerized
research
• The Internet
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
12
Computers and the Sciences
• Supercomputers
• Archeology
• Meteorology
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
13
Computers in Sports
• Training
• Timing and
scorekeeping
• Data storage and
statistics
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
14
Computer Gaming Careers
• Programming
• 3D animation
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
15
Computers at Home
• Robotics
• Smart appliances
Internetconnected
refrigerator
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Robomower
16
Technology of Tomorrow
• Nanoscience
• Biomedical Chip Implants
• Artificial Intelligence
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
17
Nanoscience
• Molecules and nanostructures
• Nanomachines
Fluid flow inside
Nanomachines
5.4n
m
Four-α-helix
protein scaffold
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
18
Biomedical Chip Implants
• Technological solutions to
physical problems
• Identity chips
Retinal Implants
VeriChip
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
19
Artificial Intelligence
• Robots
• Neurons vs Microchips
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
20
Challenges Facing a Digital Society
• Privacy risks
• Personal data
collection
• Monitoring e-mail
• Copyright
infringement
• Software piracy
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
21
Becoming Computer Fluent
• Data processing
• Bits and bytes
• Computer hardware
• Computer software
• Computer platforms
• Specialty computers
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
22
Data vs. Information
• Data vs. Information:
– Data is a representation of a fact or idea
• Number
• Word
• Picture
• Sound
– Information is data that has been organized or
presented in a meaningful fashion.
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
23
Computers are Data
Processing Devices
• Four major functions:
– Input data
– Process data
– Output information
– Store data and information
DATA
IN
INFORMATION
OUT
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
24
Bits and Bytes:
The Language of Computers
• Bit
– Binary digit
– 0 or 1
Microchip
Switch
• Byte
OFF
ON
0
1
– Eight bits
• ASCII
– Each byte represents a
letter, number or special
character
=4
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
=A
0
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
25
How Much is a Byte?
NAME
ABBREVIATION
NUMBER OF
BYTES
RELATIVE SIZE
Byte
B
1 byte
Can hold one character of data.
Kilobyte
KB
1,024 bytes
Can hold 1,024 characters or about half of
a typewritten page double-spaced.
Megabyte
MB
1,048,576 bytes
A floppy disk holds approximately 1.4 MB
of data, or approximately 768 pages of
typed text.
Gigabyte
GB
1,073,741,824 bytes
Approximately 786,432 pages of text.
Since 500 sheets of paper is
approximately 2 inches, this represents a
stack of paper 262 feet high.
Terabyte
TB
1,099,511,627,776 bytes
This represents a stack of typewritten
pages almost 51 miles high.
Petabyte
PB
1,125,899,906,842,624
bytes
The stack of pages is now 52,000 miles
high, or about one-fourth the distance from
the Earth to the moon.
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
26
Computer Hardware
• Input devices
• System unit
• Output devices
• Storage devices
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Input Devices
• Enter data to be processed
– Keyboard
– Scanners
– Mouse
– Trackball
– Touch screen
– Microphone
– Game Controller
– Digital camera
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
28
System Unit
• Cabinet that houses all components
• Motherboard
• CPU
• Memory modules
System Unit
CPU
Memory
Module
Motherboard
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
29
Output Devices
• Enable us to see or hear the processed
information
– Monitor
– Speakers
– Printers
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
30
Storage Devices
• Enable us to store data or information to
be accessed again
Hard Disk Drive
Floppy Disk
CD / DVD Drive
Flash Drive
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
31
Computer Software
• Software - programs
that enable the hardware
to perform different tasks
• Application software
– Tools for getting things
done
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
32
Computer Software
• System software
– Essential for platform operation and support
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
33
Computer Platforms:
PCs and Macs
PC
• CPU – Intel, AMD
• Operating system –
Microsoft Windows
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Mac
• CPU – Motorola
• Operating system –
Apple Mac OS
34
Specialty Computers
• PDA
• Server
• Mainframe
• Supercomputer
• Microcontrollers
PDA
Server
Mainframe
Supercomputer
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
35
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What does it mean to be “computer
fluent”?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
36
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What is a savvy computer user and
consumer?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
37
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• How can becoming computer fluent help
you in a career?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
38
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What are some future technologies?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
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Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What kinds of challenges do computers
bring to society?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
40
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What are a computer’s four main
functions?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
41
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What is the difference between data and
information?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
42
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What are a bit and a byte?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
43
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What hardware does a computer use to
perform its functions?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
44
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What are the two main types of software?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
45
Chapter 1 Summary Questions
• What different kinds of computers are
there?
© 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
46
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