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AS 1670.1—2004
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
AS 1670.1—2004
Australian Standard
™
Fire detection, warning, control and
intercom systems—System design,
installation and commissioning
Fire
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Part 1:
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This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee FP-002, Fire Detection, Warning,
Control and Intercom Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards
Australia on 2 March 2004.
This Standard was published on 29 April 2004.
The following are represented on Committee FP-002:
Audio Engineering Society
Australasian Fire Authorities Council
Australian Building Codes Board
Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association
Australian Industry Group
Australian Institute of Building Surveyors
Deafness Forum of Australia
Department of Defence (Australia)
Fire Protection Association Australia
Institute of Security Executives
National Electrical and Communications Association
Property Council of Australia
Scientific Services Laboratory A Business Unit of AGAL
Keeping Standards up-to-date
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Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and
systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and
new
editions
Standards
they
are
are
may
using
published.
also be
a
Between
withdrawn.
current
Standard,
It
editions,
amendments
is important
which
should
that
may
be
issued.
readers assure themselves
include
any
amendments
which
may have been published since the Standard was purchased.
Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web
Shop at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line
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Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each
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Executive, Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001.
This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 02226.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)
Australian Standard
™
Fire detection, warning, control and
intercom systems—System design,
installation and commissioning
Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008
Part 1:
Fire
Originated as part of AS CA15—1961.
Previous edition AS 1670.1—1995.
AS 1670.1—1995 and AS 1670.2—1997 revised, amalgamated and
designated as AS 1670.1—2004.
Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (November 2005).
COPYRIGHT
© Standards Australia
All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by
any
means,
electronic
or
mechanical,
including
photocopying,
without
permission of the publisher.
Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia
ISBN 0 7337 5932 7
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AS 1670.1—2004
2
PREFACE
This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP-002; Fire Detection,
Warning, Control and
Intercom
Systems, to supersede AS 1670.1—1995, Fire detection,
warning,
intercom
systems—System
control
Part 1: Fire,
and
and
AS 1670.2—1997,
Fire
design,
detection,
installation
warning,
and
commissioning,
control
and
intercom
systems—System design, installation and commissioning, Part 2: Local fire (which is being
withdrawn). Its preparation is supported by AS 1603, Automatic fire detection and alarm
systems,
AS 4428,
Control
and
indicating
equipment,
AS 7240,
Fire
detection
and
fire
alarm systems and EN 54, Fire detection and fire alarm systems component Standards used
in
an
automatic
fire
detection
and
alarm
system
and
installed
in
accordance
with
this
Standard.
This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 ( November 2005 ). The changes required by the
Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the
clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected.
This
Standard
will
be
referenced
in
the
Building
Code
of
Australia
2004,
thereby
superseding AS 1670.1—1995 and AS 1670.2—1997, which will be withdrawn 12 months
from the date of publication of this Standard.
For the first time this Standard permits the installation of specific components that comply
A1
with
ISO
intends
equipment
to
review
Standards
the
(issued
application
of
as
AS
Standards)
existing
and
Australian
EN 54.
Committee FP-002
equipment
Standards
where
International Standards exist. This will take effect five years after the publication of the
Australian adoption of the International Standards. Smoke detectors, heat detectors, power
supply units and control and indicating equipment Standards are expected to be among the
A1
first
to
be
reviewed.
Other
parts
of
AS 1603
for
equipment
for
which
no
International
Standard exists will remain current.
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This edition
covers
both monitored and local fire
detection
and
alarm
systems
and also
allows the use of smoke and heat alarms in some instances. Audible warning within the
building now specifies signals conforming to ISO 7731, Ergonomics—Danger signals for
work
places—Auditory
evacuation
signal.
The
danger
signals
building
may
and
have
a
ISO 8201,
sound
Acoustics;
system
for
Audible
emergency
emergency
purposes
that
complies with AS 1670.4, Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Sound
systems
and
emergency
warning
intercom
warning
and
systems
system
for
emergency
installation
intercommunication
purposes.
requirements
systems
in
AS 1670.4
specified
buildings,
in
has
replaced
AS 2220.2,
Part 2: Equipment
the
Emergency
design
and
manufacture.
The use of the strobes has replaced bells at the main entrance, which is now identified as
the designated building entry point. The new term, designated site entry point, has been
introduced for multi-building sites.
Appendix A ‘Guidance for the selection of detectors’ assists in the design of fire detection
and
alarm
systems.
Appendices B
and C
provide
guidance
for
the
installation
of
wiring
systems and calculation of power source capacity.
The commissioning section encompasses Appendices E and F, which are report forms to
indicate the installation content and its compliance with this Standard.
Maintenance requirements for fire detection and alarm equipment are given in AS 1851,
Maintenance of fire protection equipment.
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3
The
terms
‘normative’
and
‘informative’
have
AS 1670.1—2004
been
used
in
this
Standard
to
define
the
application of the Appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ Appendix is an integral
part
of
a
Standard,
whereas
an
‘informative’
Appendix
is
only
for
information
and
guidance.
This Standard incorporates commentary on some of the clauses. The commentary directly
follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number and is printed
in italics in a box. The commentary is for information only and does not need to be followed
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for compliance with the Standard.
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AS 1670.1—2004
4
CONTENTS
Page
SECTION 1
SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1
SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 6
1.2
APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 6
1.3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 6
1.4
DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 8
1.5
INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES .................................... 10
SECTION 2
SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
2.1
COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 11
2.2
SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 12
2.3
DESIGNATED ENTRY POINT................................................................................ 12
2.4
ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS ............................................................................... 13
2.5
ADDRESSABLE CIRCUITS .................................................................................... 15
2.6
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS....................................................................................... 16
SECTION 3
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
3.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 19
3.2
ALARM ACKNOWLEDGMENT FACILITY .......................................................... 19
3.3
DEPENDENCY ON MORE THAN ONE ALARM SIGNAL (ALARM
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VERIFICATION FACILITY) ................................................................................... 19
3.4
ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING INSTALLATIONS ............................................... 20
3.5
MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS............................................ 20
3.6
CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES.................................................................. 21
3.7
DETECTOR ALARM INDICATION ....................................................................... 21
3.8
EXTERNAL ALARM INDICATION ....................................................................... 22
3.9
FIRE INDICATOR PANEL ...................................................................................... 22
3.10
ZONE BLOCK PLAN ............................................................................................... 23
3.11
CO FIRE DETECTOR LABELLING ........................................................................ 23
3.12
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ............................................................................... 23
3.13
FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES ............................................................................... 24
3.14
INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES .......................................................... 24
3.15
MANUAL CALL POINTS ........................................................................................ 24
3.16
POWER SOURCES................................................................................................... 24
3.17
REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS ................................................. 26
3.18
REMOTE MONITORING......................................................................................... 26
3.19
SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL ................................................. 27
3.20
SUBINDICATOR PANEL (SIP) ............................................................................... 27
3.21
VALVE MONITORING DEVICES .......................................................................... 27
3.22
OCCUPANT WARNING ......................................................................................... 27
3.23
WIRE-FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS ................................................................. 28
3.24
WIRING .................................................................................................................... 28
3.25
LOCATION OF DETECTORS ................................................................................. 30
3.26
LOCATIONS WHERE DETECTORS ARE NOT REQUIRED ................................ 34
3.27
FIRE BRIGADE PANEL .......................................................................................... 34
3.28
MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS............................................................................... 35
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5
AS 1670.1—2004
Page
SECTION 4
HEAT DETECTORS
4.1
SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE HEAT DETECTORS.................... 36
4.2
LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS.................................................................................. 37
SECTION 5
SMOKE AND CO FIRE DETECTORS
5.1
SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE DETECTORS ............................... 42
5.2
MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS............................................ 45
SECTION 6
FLAME DETECTORS
6.1
LOCATION ............................................................................................................... 51
6.2
SPACING .................................................................................................................. 51
SECTION 7
COMMISSIONING
7.1
GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 52
7.2
DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................. 54
7.3
LOG........................................................................................................................... 55
APPENDICES
A
GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS .......................................... 56
B
FIRE RATED WIRING SYSTEMS ......................................................................... 74
C
EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS ...................... 76
D
FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ 79
E
COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT ......................................................................... 81
F
STANDARD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR
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FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 85
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AS 1670.1—2004
6
STANDARDS AUSTRALIA
Australian Standard
Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design,
installation and commissioning
Part 1:
S E C T I O N
1.1
1
Fire
S C O P E
A N D
G E N E R A L
SCOPE
This Standard sets out requirements for the design, installation and commissioning of fire
detection and alarm systems comprising components complying with the requirements of
the appropriate product Standards.
1.2
APPLICATION
All fire detection and alarm systems shall comply with the requirements of Section 2 and
Section 3, with the additional requirements of Section 4, Section 5, or Section 6 according
to the actuating device type, and the commissioning requirements of Section 7.
Where
a
fire
detection
and
alarm
system
is
ancillary
to
an
automatic
fire
suppression
system, the detection and alarm system shall comply with the appropriate requirements of
this Standard.
This
Standard
requires
that
detection
be
provided
throughout
all
areas
of
the
building,
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however, where systems are installed to solely meet the requirements of the BCA, detectors
may only be required in certain nominated areas.
1.3
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
AS
1259
Acoustics—Sound level meters
1259.1
Non-integrating
1603
Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
1603.1
Part 1:
Heat detectors
1603.2
Part 2:
Point type smoke detectors
1603.3
Part 3:
Heat alarms
1603.5
Part 5:
Manual call points
1603.7
Part 7:
Optical beam smoke detectors
1603.8
Part 8:
Multi-point aspirated smoke detectors
1603.11
Part 11:
Visual warning devices
1603.13
Part 13
Duct sampling units
1603.14
Part 14:
Point type carbon monoxide (CO) fire detectors
1603.15
Part 15:
Remote indicators
1668
The use of mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning in buildings
1668.1
Part 1:
1670
Fire
Fire and smoke control in multi-compartment buildings
detection,
warning,
control
and
intercom
systems—System
design,
installation and commissioning
1670.3
Part 3:
Monitoring network performance
1670.4
Part 4:
Sound systems and intercom systems for emergency purposes
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7
AS 1670.1—2004
AS
1851
Maintenance of fire protection equipment
1851.8
Part 8:
2053
Conduits and fittings for electrical installations
Automatic fire detection and alarm systems
2118
Automatic fire sprinkler systems
2118.1
Part 1:
General requirements
2118.4
Part 4:
Residential
2484
Fire—Glossary of terms
2484.2
Part 2:
Fire protection and firefighting equipment
2659
Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment
2659.1
Part 1:
2706
Numerical values—Rounding and interpretation of limiting values
3786
Smoke alarms
4029
Stationary batteries—Lead-acid
4214
Gaseous fire extinguishing systems
4428
Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Control and indicating
4428.0
Part 0:
General requirements and test methods
4428.1
Part 1:
Fire
4428.3
Part 3
Fire brigade panel
4428.5
Part 5:
Power supply units
4428.6
Part 6:
Alarm signalling equipment
4428.9
Part 9:
Requirements for wire-free alarm zone circuits
7240
Fire detection and fire alarm systems
7240.2
Part 2:
Control and indicating equipment
7240.4
Part 4:
Power supply equipment
7240.5
Part 5:
Point-type heat detectors
7240.6
Part 6:
Carbon monoxide fire detectors
7240.7
Part 7:
Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or
7240.15
Part 15:
Point-type fire detectors incorporating a smoke sensor (using scattered
Portable sound level meters
equipment
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A1
ionization
light,
transmitted
light
or
ionization)
in
combination
with
a
heat
sensor
12239
Smoke alarms
AS/ACIF
S009
Installation Requirements for Customer Cabling
AS/NZS
3000
3013
Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules)
Electrical installations—Classification of the fire and mechanical performance
of wiring systems
4130
Polyethylene (PE) pipes for pressure applications
ISO
7731
Ergonomics—Danger signals for work places—Auditory danger signals
8201
Acoustics; Audible emergency evacuation signal
EN
54
Fire detection and fire alarm systems
54-10
Flame detectors—Point detectors
54-11
Manual call points
ABCB
Building Code of Australia
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AS 1670.1—2004
1.4
8
DEFINITIONS
For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2484.2, BCA and those below
apply.
1.4.1
Adjacent
Side-by-side but not necessarily touching.
1.4.2
Alarm acknowledgment facility
That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) that provides a delay to allow an
occupant to clear an unwanted detector activation before the activation is processed as a fire
alarm.
1.4.3
Alarm signalling equipment
That part of control and indicating equipment (CIE) designed to communicate alarm and
fault
signals
and
other
information
between
a
fire
detection
and
alarm
system
and
a
monitoring service provider.
1.4.4
That
Alarm verification facility
part
of
the
control
and
indicating
equipment
(CIE)
which
provides
an
automatic
resetting or equivalent function for alarm signals and only permits subsequent alarms to
initiate occupant warning system, alarm signalling equipment or ancillary control functions.
1.4.5
Approval (approved)
The granting of formal permission in relation to an application or proposal, with or without
conditions,
given by a
body having
statutory powers under
an
Act of
Parliament or the
Regulations of such an Act.
1.4.6
Contiguous
Adjacent to, and mutually accessible.
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1.4.7
Corridor
A narrow enclosed thoroughfare, other than a lift lobby, not exceeding 3.5 m in width, and
not used for trade or storage purposes.
1.4.8
Cupboard
An enclosure recessed into a wall or fixed to a wall, having a door or doors.
A1
1.4.8(A)
Customer cabling
As defined by AS/ACIF S009.
1.4.9
Designated building entry point
An entry point to a building which provides fire fighters with information identifying the
location of the fire alarm.
1.4.10
An
Designated site entry point
entry
point
to
a
site
which
provides
fire
fighters
with
information
identifying
the
location of the building from which the fire alarm originated.
1.4.11
Distributed system
A fire detection and alarm system where sections of the control and indicating equipment
are
remotely
located
from
the
fire
indicator
panel
(FIP)
or
where
subindicator
panel(s)
(SIP(s)) communicate with a FIP.
1.4.12
Extra-low voltage
That voltage defined in AS/ACIF S009.
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9
1.4.13
AS 1670.1—2004
Fire dispatch centre
A centre operated by, or on behalf of a fire authority for the purposes of mobilizing and
directing firefighting resources.
1.4.14
Level surface
Any surface, roof, or ceiling with a slope of less than or equal to 1 in 20.
1.4.15
Low voltage
That voltage defined in AS/NZS 3000.
1.4.16
Monitoring service provider
An agency or organization that receives fire alarm system signals and transfers required
signals to a fire dispatch centre.
1.4.17
Multi-sensor detector
Detector incorporating sensors within one mechanical housing which responds to more than
one physical phenomena of fire.
1.4.18
Occupied area
An area that is readily accessible for occupation, transit or service.
1.4.19
Power supply
That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) which supplies voltages necessary
for operation of the CIE.
1.4.20
Protected area
An area of a building equipped with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed
in accordance with this Standard, or an approved automatic fire suppression system.
1.4.21
Protected building
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A building equipped throughout with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed
in accordance with this Standard, or an approved automatic fire suppression system.
1.4.22
Separate cable path
Cable paths that are separated so that an anticipated single event is unlikely to damage both
cable paths.
1.4.23
Site
A parcel or allotment of land containing one or more buildings under one ownership or
management.
1.4.24
Sloping surface
Any surface, roof, or ceiling with a slope greater than 1 in 20.
1.4.25
Sole occupancy unit
As defined in the Building Code of Australia (BCA).
1.4.26
Supervised
Monitored for fault conditions.
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AS 1670.1—2004
1.5
10
INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES
For the purpose of
assessing
compliance
with this
Standard, the
specified values
herein
shall be interpreted in accordance with the ‘rounding method’ described in AS 2706, that is,
the observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the same number of Figures as in the
specified limiting value and then compared with the specified limiting value. For example,
for specified limiting values of 2.5, 2.50, and 2.500, the observed or calculated value would
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be rounded respectively to the nearest 0.1, 0.01, 0.001.
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11
S E C T I O N
2.1
A1
2
AS 1670.1—2004
S Y S T E M
C O N F I G U R A T I O N
COMPONENTS
System components shall be selected and located in order to achieve stable and reliable
performance. Equipment shall be suitable for the environment in which it is to be located. If
environmental conditions such as high temperature, dampness, dust, corrosion, vibration,
shock, flammable atmosphere or explosive atmospheres may be experienced, the equipment
shall be of a type complying with the appropriate Standard.
NOTE: Evidence of suitability for equipment required by Items (a), (b), (d) and (e) of this Clause
may be demonstrated by a current certificate issued by a product certification body that has been
accredited by the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) or current
Product
Listing
Data
Sheet and
listing
entry
in
the
Register of
Fire Protection
Equipment, as
issued by CSIRO under its ActivFire Scheme.
The
components
manufacturer’s
in
the
system
specifications
and
shall
be
any
limits
used
in
accordance
specified
in
the
with
relevant
the
component
product
listing
documentation. The components shall be shown to be compatible in the configuration as
designed and installed. The minimum system shall comprise the following:
(a)
Fire detectors, smoke alarms and heat alarms selected to suit the particular hazard and
risk to life or property, or both, complying with at least one of the following:
(i)
AS 7240.5 (point type heat detectors).
(ii)
AS 7240.6 (carbon-monoxide fire detectors).
(iii)
AS 7240.7 (point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light
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or ionization).
(iv)
AS 7240.15 (multi-sensor fire detectors).
(v)
AS 1603.1 (heat detectors).
(vi)
AS 1603.2 (point-type smoke detectors).
(vii)
AS 1603.3 (heat alarms).
(viii) AS 1603.7 (optical beam smoke detectors).
(ix)
AS 1603.8 (multi-point aspirated smoke detectors).
(x)
AS 1603.13 (duct sampling units).
(xi)
AS 1603.14 (point-type carbon monoxide fire detectors).
(xii)
EN 54-10 (flame detectors—point detectors).
(xiii) AS 12239 (smoke alarms).
(xiv)
AS 3786 (smoke alarms).
NOTES:
1
The types of detector recommended for use in various locations are described in Appendix A.
Care should be taken to avoid confusion in the selection of either smoke detectors and smoke
alarms or heat detectors and heat alarms.
2
For
wire-free
alarm
zone
circuits,
installers
need
to
be
aware
of
the
possibility
of
the
existence of neighbouring wire-free systems and select appropriate components to minimize
the risk of interaction between systems. It is recommended that signal propagation and inband noise and signals are measured at the proposed receiver location(s) before installation to
ensure that the system will be able to be operated within the manufacturer’s specified limits.
(b)
Control and indicating equipment (CIE) complying with AS 7240.2 or AS 4428.1 and
associated power supplies complying AS 7240.4 or AS 4428.5
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AS 1670.1—2004
A1
12
(c)
A warning system as specified in Clause 3.22.
(d)
A
manual
call
point
complying
with
AS 1603.5
or
type
A
(direct
operation)
of
EN 54-11 (see Clause 3.15).
(e)
A strobe complying with AS 1603.11 (see Clause 3.8).
2.2
SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS
The fire detection and alarm system shall be independent of any building monitoring and
control systems, and the CIE shall be contained within its own enclosure(s). Interfacing to
building
monitoring
and
control
systems
is
permitted
but
shall
be
limited
to
the
CIE
transmitting events and the CIE to receive requests to initiate an automatic test, where the
CIE
has
this
capability.
Any
requests
from
the
building
monitoring
and
control
system
(BMCS), or faults in the interface, shall not inhibit the normal operation of the CIE. Alarm
and fault signals shall be displayed independently of the building monitoring and control
system.
NOTE: For a typical arrangement of a BMCS see Figure 2.1.
All
interfaces
with
any
building
monitoring
and
control
system
shall
comply
with
AS/ACIF S009.
Controls and indicators that form part of an associated systems, such as monitoring and
control of—
(a)
fire suppression systems;
(b)
air handling systems; or
(c)
occupant warning systems as required by Clause 3.22;
may
be
housed
within
the
CIE
enclosure,
provided
all
such
controls
and
indicators
are
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segregated from other control and indicating equipment.
FIGURE
2.1
EXAMPLE OF INTERFACE WITH BUILDING MONITORING
AND CONTROL SYSTEM
2.3
2.3.1
DESIGNATED ENTRY POINT
Designated building entry point
A designated building entry point shall be identified for each building. The external alarm
indication shall be in accordance with Clause 3.8.
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13
2.3.2
AS 1670.1—2004
Designated site entry point
At least one designated site entry point is required where multiple buildings are monitored
on a site unless each building is individually identified at the fire dispatch centre. Where
physical barriers segregate a site, a separate designated site entry point shall be identified
for each segregated area. Each designated site entry point shall only indicate buildings that
are readily accessible from the designated site entry point by the firefighting vehicle.
NOTE: On large sites advice from the firefighting service should be sought.
The
designated
site
entry
point
shall
indicate
the
building(s)
in
alarm
by
one
of
the
following:
(a)
Fire indicator panel (FIP).
(b)
Fire brigade panel.
(c)
Mimic panel.
(d)
Repeater panel.
(e)
Visible indication attached to the building. Such indication shall be clearly visible
from the designated site entry point by the crew of a firefighting vehicle.
A plan showing all buildings and vehicle routes on the site shall be at the designated site
entry point. The designated building entry point shall be shown on the plan for all buildings
associated with the designated site entry point. Only information relevant to the firefighting
service shall be included on the plan.
2.4
ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS
An alarm zone shall be limited to no more than 2000 m
2
of contiguous floor area or 2000 m
2
of non-contiguous floor area with no entrances to adjacent areas being separated by more
than 10 m and visible from each other. The longest dimension shall not exceed 100 m and
shall be confined to one storey. Protected areas with no access from inside the building
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shall be displayed as separate alarm zones from those having internal access.
NOTE: For a typical example of zone allocation, see Figure 2.2.
The maximum number of actuating devices in an alarm zone shall be limited by the CIE
and, in any case, shall not exceed 40.
A mezzanine level, open to and accessible from the storey with which it is associated, may
be treated as part of the alarm zone for that storey, provided that the total protected area and
the number of actuating devices required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified.
Detectors protecting concealed spaces not exceeding 500 m
2
may be connected to the alarm
zone on the same storey, provided that the total protected area and the number of detectors
required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified in this Standard. Detector remote
indicators shall comply with the requirements of Clause 3.17.
Zones may be subdivided, such that signals from individual devices, or groups of devices,
may also be indicated at the CIE, thus providing more detailed information on the location
of an event, in addition to the indication of the affected zone.
Detectors
displayed
individually
shall
not
be
identified
as
separate
alarm
zones
unless
representing the only detector within an enclosure.
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AS 1670.1—2004
14
FIGURE
2.2 (in part)
TYPICAL ZONE ALLOCATION FOR CONTIGUOUS
AND NON-CONTIGUOUS AREAS
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15
FIGURE
2.2 (in part)
AS 1670.1—2004
TYPICAL ZONE ALLOCATION FOR CONTIGUOUS
AND NON-CONTIGUOUS AREAS
2.5
ADDRESSABLE CIRCUITS
Addressable circuits shall comply with the following:
(a)
(b)
A single open circuit shall register as a fault.
Any condition, including short or open circuit, that prevents the transmission of an
alarm shall register as a fault on all affected alarm zones.
(c)
Any open or short circuit shall not disable more than 40 devices on the addressable
circuit and in any case not more than one building.
(d)
An
addressable
20 000 m
2
circuit
serving
more
than
10 consecutive
storeys
or
more
than
a
floor area shall have two separate cable paths, each protected to not less
than WSX2 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013.
An addressable circuit shall serve not more than 1000 devices of any type, and shall be
limited to one site.
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AS 1670.1—2004
16
Where addressable systems are used to control other essential services such as a smoke
hazard management system or a fire suppression system, the integrity and reliability of the
addressable system shall be subject to any additional requirements of the relevant Standard.
2.6
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
2.6.1
Subindicator panels
Distributed systems using subindicator panels shall comply with the following:
(a)
The subindicator panel (SIP) shall be connected to the FIP as at least a separate alarm
zone and be monitored for alarm, fault, isolate and power supply failure. The fault,
isolate and power supply failure shall either be indicated separately or combined and
indicated as a zone fault at the FIP.
(b)
SIPs
shall
only
be
connected
directly
to
the
FIP
and
not
via
any
other
SIP
or
distributed part of CIE unless the failure of an intermediate part does not prevent the
transmission of an alarm to the FIP. Such failure shall indicate as a fault at the FIP.
(c)
The FIP indications of SIP events shall clear when they are reset or restored at the
SIP.
(d)
Multiple SIPs mounted adjacent to each other and not individually identified at the
FIP, shall be considered as a single SIP.
(e)
SIPs with a total of more than 250 devices shall be connected to the FIP using two
separate signal paths. These signal paths shall be individually and suitably protected
(see
Clause 2.6.4).
Duplicated
paths
are
not
required
to
be
separated
where
run
underground or protected to WSX3 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013.
(f)
Where multiple signal paths are used, a fault condition on one of the paths from the
SIPs shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm on the other path.
(g)
Any signal path fault between the FIP and SIPs shall indicate as a fault at the FIP, and
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where the SIPs have more than 250 devices shall also indicate at the SIPs.
(h)
A
short
circuit
in
the
signal
path
or
signal
paths
between
the
FIP
and
SIPs
shall
indicate as either a fault or an SIP alarm at the FIP.
(i)
An SIP shall be powered from the building in which it is located and shall be capable
of stand-alone operation.
NOTE: Typical connections between the FIP and the SIP are shown in Figure 2.3(a) and (b).
2.6.2
Distributed parts of CIE
Distributed parts of CIE with a total of more than 40 devices shall be connected to the FIP
using
two
separate
signal
paths.
These
signal
paths
shall
be
individually
and
suitably
protected (see Clause 2.6.4). Duplicated paths are not required to be separated where run
underground or protected to WSX3 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013.
Power cabling to distributed parts of CIE shall have the same integrity and redundancy as
that required for the signal paths to that CIE.
The following applies to the signal paths or power supply paths between the FIP and other
parts of CIE:
(a)
Any signal path fault, or power supply fault, shall indicate as a signal path and power
supply fault respectively, at the FIP.
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17
(b)
AS 1670.1—2004
A single signal path fault or a single power supply line fault shall not prevent the
transmission of an alarm from more than 40 devices.
NOTE:
Typical
connections
between
the
FIP
and
the
distributed
parts
of
CIE
are
shown
in
Figure 2.4(a), (b).
2.6.3
Signal path fault indication
Where required by Clauses 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, a fault in the signal path shall be indicated by a
dedicated yellow/amber LED suitably labelled, or by the common fault LED, provided the
nature of the fault can be determined by other means. The fault shall also indicate audibly
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as per AS 4428.1 or AS 7240.2.
FIGURE
2.3
SIP-BASED SYSTEMS
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AS 1670.1—2004
18
FIGURE
2.6.4
2.4
DISTRIBUTED CIE SYSTEMS
Signal path protection
The signal paths shall be protected against mechanical damage to not less than WSX2 in
accordance
with
AS/NZS 3013.
Fire
rated
wiring
systems
shall
be
in
accordance
with
Appendix B.
Where installed underground, the signal path shall also comply with the requirements for
underground wiring (see AS/ACIF S-009).
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19
S E C T I O N
3.1
3
AS 1670.1—2004
I N S T A L L A T I O N
R E Q U I R E M E N T S
GENERAL
Equipment
shall
be
installed
reliability.
Equipment
shall
in
be
locations
installed
that
so
will
that
the
not
prejudice
correct
its
performance
performance
is
and
maintained.
Where the sensitivity of fire detectors can be varied, the sensitivity shall be set within the
limits of the appropriate Standard.
Access for servicing all equipment shall be provided.
NOTES:
1
Where
special
installation
recommendations
should
be
arrangements
are
followed.
is
CIE
required,
required
to
the
equipment
manufacturer’s
have
a
environmental
minimum
rating of IP30 but some hostile environments may need a higher rating.
2
Detectors that can be contaminated by construction works should not be fitted unless suitably
protected until the construction works are completed.
3.2
ALARM ACKNOWLEDGMENT FACILITY
Alarm acknowledgment facility shall comply with the following requirements:
(a)
Each alarm acknowledgment facility shall control only one sole occupancy unit.
(b)
The alarm acknowledgment facility control shall be located within the sole occupancy
unit it serves.
(c)
Each detector shall have a visual alarm indicator.
The
alarm
acknowledgment
facility
shall
not
be
used
known
for
its
high
in
conjunction
with
an
alarm
verification facility or heat detectors.
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C3.2
Residential
accommodation
alarm acknowledgment
facility is
is
primarily intended,
levels
where
of
unwanted
normal
alarms.
activities
within
The
the
occupancy (e.g., cooking, smoking, aerosol spray and steam from the shower) may result in
the
unwanted
actuation
of
a
detector.
The
alarm
acknowledgment
facility
provides
the
occupant with an opportunity and means to mitigate the effects of these unwanted alarms.
An alarm acknowledgment period of 30 s is generally considered more than adequate for a
single occupancy unit and should be considered to be the maximum delay for this type of
application.
An
alarm
clearance
period
of
90 s
is
considered
appropriate
for
protected
areas with normal levels of ventilation or accessibility.
The alarm acknowledgment facility may have other applications, which need to be assessed
on a case by case basis.
3.3
DEPENDENCY
ON
MORE
THAN
ONE
ALARM
SIGNAL
(ALARM
VERIFICATION FACILITY)
Where dependency on more than one alarm signal is used, it shall comply with the alarm
verification
facility
requirement
for
CIE
complying
with
AS 4428.1
or
the
type A
requirements for CIE complying with AS 7240.2.
The following shall not be subject to dependency on more than one alarm signal:
(a)
Manual call points.
(b)
Subindicator panels.
(c)
Detectors used to activate fire suppression systems.
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AS 1670.1—2004
20
(d)
Detectors installed in hazardous areas.
(e)
Fire suppression systems.
(f)
Optical beam-type smoke detectors where a beam-interrupt fault overrides the alarm
state.
(g)
Alarm zones containing fixed temperature (static) response heat detectors only.
(h)
Devices or equipment subject to other alarm confirmation methods, such as type B or
type C
dependency
complying
with
AS 7240.2,
dual
zone
operation
or
alarm
detector
alarm
acknowledgement facility.
(i)
Detection
verification
algorithms
that
will
cause
a
delay
in
the
response of more than 60 s.
(j)
Detectors that may take more than 60 s to become functional after a reset.
NOTE: Since the provision of alarm verification delays the initiation of an alarm signal, it is
desirable that it only be provided where other efforts to eliminate unwanted alarm signals have
been unsuccessful.
3.4
ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING INSTALLATIONS
Alterations
including
to
the
existing
installations
re-calculation
of
shall
power
be
supply
thoroughly
designed,
requirements,
to
installed
ensure
that
and
there
tested,
are
no
detrimental effects to the existing installation and equipment.
All parts of the installation and equipment, including detectors, shall be compatible, only
used
within
equipment
listing
limitations
and
shall
satisfactorily
perform
the
required
functions.
Where existing wiring is required to be joined at the CIE, fixed terminal strips utilizing
clamp-type connectors shall be used. Where these joints are made outside the CIE, they
shall be housed in a suitable enclosure and labelled ‘FIRE ALARM’ in a contrasting colour
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with lettering size of not less than 5 mm.
The documentation required by Clause 7.2 and the zone block plan (see Clause 3.10) shall
be revised to include the alterations (see Clause 3.24.6).
3.5
MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS
The installation of aspirating smoke detectors shall comply with the following:
(a)
The installation and alignment of any part of the system shall be such that it can be
easily
maintained
and
the
sampling
point
orientation
does
not
jeopardize
the
long
term reliability and performance of the system.
(b)
The spacing of sampling points shall not exceed the spacing requirements of single
point-type smoke detectors given in Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6.
(c)
Sampling points shall not be painted or coated with any substance that will reduce the
size of the opening.
(d)
System piping shall be free of burrs.
(e)
The location of the sampling point shall be marked in a contrasting colour.
(f)
Where non-metallic conduit is used for sampling systems and capillary tubes, it shall
comply with the following:
(i)
Where subject to mechanical damage, it shall be of a type that has a mechanical
strength equivalent to heavy-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053.
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21
(ii)
Where
not
mechanical
subject
to
strength
AS 1670.1—2004
mechanical
equivalent
damage,
to
it
shall
be
light-duty
PVC
conduit
of
a
type
that
has
complying
a
with
AS 2053.
(g)
(iii)
Installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3000.
(iv)
Joints shall be airtight and permanently bonded.
All sampling pipes shall be coloured red, or have visible red markers at least 2 mm
wide, longitudinally along the pipe length. The sampling pipes shall be marked with a
word or words at intervals not exceeding 2 m, which describes the purpose such as
‘FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM—DO NOT PAINT’, in letters not less than 5 mm in
height.
(h)
Capillary tubes used to branch from the main sampling pipe shall be fixed at both
ends so that the joints have a withdrawal force of not less than 100 N.
(i)
The
installed
capillary
tubes
shall
not
reduce
the
airflow
below
the
minimum
designed requirements. Non metallic capillary tubes shall comply with AS/NZS 4130.
(j)
Where
the
capillary
system
tubes
2
1900 mm ,
with
piping
shall
the
be
is
concealed,
clearly
words
the
identifiable
‘FIRE
air-sampling
by
a
DETECTION
labelled
points
plate
SYSTEM—DO
attached
of
not
NOT
to
less
the
than
PAINT’,
in
letters not less than 3 mm high.
(k)
Sampling points shall be not more than 600 mm or less than 25 mm from the ceiling.
NOTE: The lower limit of the mounting position of the sampling point may be changed to suit
individual applications as determined by smoke tests.
3.6
3.6.1
CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES
General
Circuits controlling ancillary devices shall be either electrically isolated, fuse protected or
current-limited to prevent a fault on the external wiring from
ancillary
control facilities
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inhibiting the operation of other CIE functions or the transmission of an alarm signal.
3.6.2
Each
Fire suppression system activation
ancillary
control device circuit used to
activate a fire
suppression system
shall
be
supervised for open or short circuit faults. Such faults shall cause the CIE to initiate an
audible and visible fault indication.
3.7
DETECTOR ALARM INDICATION
Individual
alarm
indication
shall
be
provided
for
each
detector
and
shall
continue
to
indicate until the detector is reset except where the detector is required to be self resetting,
e.g., smoke alarms, heat alarms or supply air detection associated with smoke management.
Indication shall be provided by one of the following means:
(a)
An indicator integral with the detector (see Clause 3.25.1).
(b)
An indicator remote from the detector in accordance with Clause 3.17.
(c)
Individual alarm indication at the CIE.
It is permissible for the detector alarm indicator to flash periodically, for example when the
detector
is
polled
by
the
CIE,
provided
that
the
alarm
status
of
the
indicator
is
clearly
distinguishable from the normal or quiescent status.
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AS 1670.1—2004
3.8
22
EXTERNAL ALARM INDICATION
The system shall operate one red strobe light complying with AS 1603.11 to indicate a fire
alarm. The strobe shall be located on the outside of the building, be visible from the main
approach to the building and shall be as near as practicable to the designated building entry
point.
The word ‘FIRE’ shall be marked on or adjacent to the strobe in lettering not less than
25 mm in height on a contrasting background. The label shall be upright and clearly legible
when the strobe is installed.
The strobe shall be connected to a supervised output on the CIE.
3.9
FIRE INDICATOR PANEL
3.9.1
General
For systems connected to a fire dispatch centre, the fire indicator panel shall be clearly
visible and readily accessible within the designated building entry point or the fire control
room. The designated building entry point shall be at the main entry to the building unless
an alternative entry, that is acceptable to the firefighting service is used.
For systems not connected to a fire dispatch centre, the FIP shall be in a secure position and
be clearly visible and readily accessible for the authorized person or persons.
Required
visual
indicators
and
controls
shall
be
not
less
than
750 mm
or
more
than
1850 mm from the floor.
3.9.2
Covering door
Where the fire indicator panel is obscured by a door, then that door shall be marked in a
contrasting colour to the general colour scheme with the words ‘FIRE PANEL’ in letters
not less than 50 mm high. There shall be no other lettering on the door. The door shall not
be lockable.
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Where the door reduces the CIE sounder sound level below the CIE requirement, means
shall be provided to give the required sound level outside the covering door.
3.9.3
Remote location
Where the fire indicator panel is mounted in a remotely located control point acceptable to
the
regulatory
authority,
a
mimic
panel,
repeater
panel
or
fire
brigade
panel
shall
be
installed at the designated building entry point. The mimic panel or repeater panel shall
identify the location of the fire indicator panel.
3.9.4
Clearance
A minimum clearance shall be maintained from the enclosure as shown in Figure 3.1 to
provide access to the fire indicator
panel. Fire fan control panel and sound systems for
emergency purposes may be installed adjacent to the FIP.
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23
AS 1670.1—2004
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERES
FIGURE
3.10
3.1
MINIMUM ENCLOSURE CLEARANCE
ZONE BLOCK PLAN
A block plan of the installation, with the position of the FIP clearly indicated, shall be
securely mounted adjacent to the FIP, mimic panel, repeater panel and fire brigade panel.
The block plan shall be in the form of a permanent diagram that is water resistant and fade
resistant, and shall include—
(a)
the layout of the building in which the fire alarm system is installed;
(b)
the area covered by each zone;
(c)
fire brigade panel;
(d)
the location of the FIP and all subindicator panels (SIP), mimics and repeater panels;
(e)
the year of original installation and the date of the latest revision to the block plan;
(f)
the
location
of
any
other
CIE,
including
sound
systems
and
intercom
systems
for
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emergency purposes;
(g)
the location of the fire fan control panel;
(h)
the location of any fire suppression system controls; and
(i)
notice advising, ‘In the event of a fire ring ‘000’ to ensure fire service response’.
The block plan shall be displayed in the correct orientation of the building.
3.11
CO FIRE DETECTOR LABELLING
Where
CO
fire
immediately
detectors
adjacent
to
are
the
installed,
FIP,
a
mimic
clearly
visible
label
shall
be
provided
panel,
repeater
panel
and
fire
brigade
on
or
panel.
Lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in a contrasting colour.
The label shall contain the following text:
(a)
‘NOTE: CO FIRE DETECTORS INSTALLED’.
(b)
In case of alarm, check area thoroughly. If no fire is apparent, check adjacent areas.
(c)
Special
maintenance
requirements
apply.
Test
and
service
the
detectors
in
strict
accordance with the manufacturer’s specification.
3.12
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
The alarm output from the suppression system shall be a separate alarm zone at the CIE.
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AS 1670.1—2004
24
Where the suppression system connection to the monitoring service provider is via the FIP,
the signal path protection shall comply with AS/NZS 3013 designation WS51W, with the
mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard.
Fire-rated systems shall be in accordance with Appendix B.
3.13
FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES
Where
flow
switches
or
pressure
switches,
and
the
like,
associated
with
suppression
systems are used to initiate fire alarm signal at the CIE, each shall be treated as a separate
alarm zone of the CIE. All circuit wiring to these devices shall be supervised.
NOTE:
Where
the
CIE
does
not
provide
adequate
alarm
delay
facilities,
the
flow/pressure
switches used should incorporate time delay devices to prevent false alarms due to surges in the
water supply.
3.14
INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES
Intermixing of the various devices on one alarm zone circuit is permitted, provided that the
devices are compatible.
3.15
MANUAL CALL POINTS
A manual call point shall be installed in a clearly visible and readily accessible location
inside the main entrance area of the building. It may be located on any CIE within this area.
The operation of a manual call point shall not extinguish a previously lit detector indicator.
Where manual call points are subject to outdoor weathering, they shall comply with the
weathering test of AS 1603.5 or EN 54-11 as appropriate.
3.16
POWER SOURCES
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3.16.1
The
Primary power source
CIE
shall
be
energized
by
a
reliable
source
of
supply
and
shall
be
connected
in
accordance with AS/NZS 3000. The power source shall be either—
(a)
an a.c. supply from an electricity authority; or
(b)
a source equal in quality and reliability to Clause 3.16.1(a).
The primary power source shall be capable of operating the system including the occupant
warning system as per Clause 3.22(b).
3.16.2
Secondary power source
The system shall be provided with a secondary power source that is capable of operating the
system.
The
occupant
warning
system
source
shall
as
per
Clause 3.22(b)
should
the
primary
power
source fail.
The
secondary
power
consist
of
rechargeable
stationary
batteries,
in
accordance with the relevant part of AS 4029 compatible with the CIE.
NOTE: Automotive-type batteries are not normally suitable for stationary battery use.
Where the secondary power source is remote from the CIE enclosure, the secondary power
source shall be protected for overload at the source.
3.16.3
Power source rating
All devices, facilities or equipment, external or internal, that utilize the fire detection and
alarm system power source in either quiescent or alarm state shall be considered in the
calculations of the power source rating.
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AS 1670.1—2004
The sum of the worst case of the following loads shall not exceed the power supply unit
rating of the CIE:
(a)
The total load of the CIE with five actuating devices in alarm state in each of two
alarm zones or the quiescent load of the CIE, whichever is greater.
(b)
Two
fire
suppression
systems
in
an
activated
state,
or
20%
of
such
connected
systems, whichever is the greater, where they are powered from the CIE.
(c)
For
power
supply
units
complying
with
AS 4428.5,
the
maximum
battery
charger
current required to charge the battery within 24 h from fully discharged condition, to
a capacity capable of maintaining the system for 5 h in normal working condition
(quiescent) and 30 min in alarm condition.
NOTE: AS 7240.4 power supply equipment used in conjunction with control and indicating
equipment complying with AS 7240.2 requires an equivalent, but different calculation. The
requirement in AS 7240.4 will result in a maximum battery capacity being identified as part
of the power supply equipment specification.
3.16.4
Battery capacity
The capacity of the battery shall be such that in the event of failure of the primary power
source
the
batteries
shall
(quiescent)
condition
for
be
at
capable
least
72 h,
of
maintaining
after
which
the
system
sufficient
in
normal
capacity
shall
working
remain
to
operate two worst case alarm zones and associated ancillary control functions for 30 min.
Where the power supply failure signal is externally monitored, the 72 h requirement may be
reduced to 24 h.
When
calculating
battery
capacity,
allowance
shall
be
made
for
the
expected
loss
of
capacity over the useful life of the battery. A new battery shall be at least 125% of the
calculated capacity requirements, based on a loss of 20% of its capacity over the useful life
of the battery.
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The battery capacity requirement shall be determined as follows:
(a)
Determine the quiescent load current IQ.
(b)
Determine the alarm current IA.
(c)
Determine the capacity de-rating factor F c of the battery when discharged at the alarm
load rate taking into account the minimum operating voltage of the connected CIE
using the battery manufacturer’s data. Where more than one CIE is connected to the
battery, use the highest minimum of any of the CIEs. A value of 2 for F C is deemed to
satisfy these requirements.
(d)
The
20 h
discharge
battery
capacity
C20
at
15°C
to
30°C
shall
be
determined
as
follows:
C 2 0 = 1.25[(I Q × T Q ) + F C (I A × T A )]
where
C20
=
battery capacity in Ah at 20 h discharge rate
IQ
=
total quiescent current
TQ
=
quiescent standby power source time, (normally 24 h)
FC
=
capacity de-rating factor
IA
=
total current in alarm state
TA
=
alarm load standby power source time (normally 0.5 h)
1.25
=
compensation factor for expected battery deterioration
Where the load may vary, the worst case average over required period shall be used.
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AS 1670.1—2004
26
Where the average battery temperature is outside 15°C to 30°C the battery manufacturer’s
data shall be used to determine any further compensation factor to be applied.
NOTE: For typical battery capacity calculations see Appendix C.
3.16.5
Batteries and enclosure
The battery enclosure shall be such that the batteries are readily accessible for inspection.
For non-sealed batteries, the battery enclosure shall not be above the enclosure for the fire
indicator panel. The connecting leads to the battery shall be clearly labelled to reduce the
possibility
of
reverse
connections
to
the
battery.
The
battery
shall
not
be
tapped
for
intermediate voltages and all connections shall be made using suitable connectors.
3.16.6
Ancillary loads
Ancillary control devices or isolation relays external to the CIE enclosure shall be installed
within
a
protective
enclosure
and
shall
be
marked
or
labelled
with
the
words
‘FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM’.
NOTE: Normally energized ancillary loads, such as door holders, may
be disconnected in the
event of failure of the primary power source.
3.17
REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS
The remote indicator shall comply with the requirements of AS 1603.15.
The remote indicator shall be labelled with the wording ‘FIRE ALARM’ and a location
descriptor
as
required
by
AS 1603.15.
The
following
location
descriptions
are
typical
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examples:
(a)
In roof.
(b)
In concealed space.
(c)
In cupboard.
(d)
In room.
(e)
Return air.
(f)
Supply air.
Remote indicators for rooms, cupboards or similar shall be installed adjacent to the door
giving access to the detector(s).
Remote indicators for concealed spaces shall be installed in an accessible area as close as
practicable to the detector.
A common remote indicator for multiple detectors within a single room or sole occupancy
unit may be used, provided that each detector has its own integral indicator.
3.18
REMOTE MONITORING
3.18.1
General
Where required by the regulatory authority, the fire detection and alarm system shall be
connected to a monitoring service provider. The fire alarm monitoring system shall comply
with AS 1670.3. The system shall be configured such that smoke alarms or heat alarms, that
only
meet
the
requirements
of
AS 12239,
AS 3786
or
AS 1603.3
shall
not
initiate
the
transmission of a fire alarm to the fire dispatch centre.
3.18.2
Alarm signalling equipment
Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with the requirements of AS 4428.6.
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3.18.3
Connection
Wiring
of a single path between the alarm
carriage
service
provider’s
point
of
AS 1670.1—2004
signal equipment and the telecommunication
connection
shall
comply
with
AS/NZS 3013
with
a
minimum rating of WS51W, and the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard
as
defined
duplicated
in
AS/NZS 3013.
and
in
separate
Where
cable
connection
paths,
the
to
the
minimum
monitoring
service
rating
be
shall
provider
WSX1
and
is
the
mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined in AS/NZS 3013.
Fire-rated wiring systems shall be in accordance with Appendix B.
3.19
SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL
Smoke detectors, CO fire detectors or smoke alarms shall be installed on either side of the
door in line with the centre of the door opening no less than 300 mm and no more 1.5 m
horizontal distance from the opening.
NOTE: See Clause 3.25.1 for detectors required in egress paths.
Smoke and fire doors held open by door hold-open devices shall close upon receipt of an
alarm from the fire detection and alarm systems installed on either side of the door.
Detectors installed to release fire and smoke doors on a single level and located within a
common corridor may be connected to a single alarm zone.
Non-latching
manual release switches shall
be
provided for
door hold-open devices
and
shall be visible and accessible with the door(s) in the open position. The release switch
shall be labelled ‘DOOR RELEASE’ unless it is integral with the hold-open device. The
lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in contrasting colour.
Where more than one door panel is fitted to one opening, then one switch shall release all
door panels.
NOTE: In some situations a door release delay may be required to ensure the safe operation of the
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door.
3.20
SUBINDICATOR PANEL (SIP)
SIPs shall only serve areas on one level of a building unless—
(a)
that SIP serves the entire building;
(b)
all zones connected to the SIP are readily accessible without leaving the area served
by the SIP; or
(c)
the
location
of
each
zone
in
alarm
at
the
SIP
can
be
identified
at
the
designated
building entry point.
Where
the
SIP
serves
the
entire
building
it
shall
be
installed
in
accordance
with
the
requirements for an FIP. If the SIP serves a specific area it shall be located at the main
point of entry into that area.
3.21
VALVE MONITORING DEVICES
Monitored
valve
indicators
on
a
fire
indicator
panel
shall
be
separate
from
fire
alarm
indicators and have a separate output signal from the CIE.
All
wiring
to
valve
monitoring
devices
shall
be
supervised
in
accordance
with
the
requirements of AS 2118.
3.22
OCCUPANT WARNING
Occupant warning shall be provided to alert all building occupants to a fire alarm situation.
The warning system shall be one of the following:
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AS 1670.1—2004
(a)
28
A sound system for emergency purposes in accordance with AS 1670.4, initiated by
the fire detection system. The fire alarm system shall monitor the sound system for
fault signals required by AS 1670.4.
(b)
Electronic
sounders,
or
amplified
sound
systems
producing
the
evacuation
signal
(with or without verbal message). The evacuation signal shall operate simultaneously
throughout the building. At all places where warning signals are conveyed to building
occupants, the A-weighted sound pressure level during the ‘on’ phases of the audible
emergency
evacuation
signal,
measured
with
the
time-weighting
characteristic
F
(fast) (see AS 1259.1), shall comply with the following:
(i)
The requirements of ISO 8201.
(ii)
Exceed by a minimum of 10 dB the ambient sound pressure level averaged over
a period of 60 s, not be less than 65 dB(A) and not more than 105 dB(A). These
values shall be determined in accordance with AS 2659.1.
NOTES:
1
It is recommended that the default evacuation signal complying with ISO 8201 consists
of a uniformly increasing frequency during the 0.5 s on phase of the signal. Other signals
may be more appropriate for use where the ambient noise will mask the signal.
2
Measurement should be taken in the normal standing positions on the floor of coverage.
Additional
A1
visual
and
tactile
signals
shall
be
provided
to
augment
the
audible
emergency evacuation signal if the averaged A-weighted sound pressure level of the
background noise is higher than 95 dB. The temporal pattern described in ISO 8201
shall be imposed on the visual and tactile emergency evacuation signals.
If
the
audible
minimum
evacuation
A-weighted
signal
sound
is
pressure
intended
level
of
to
arouse
the
signal
sleeping
shall
be
occupants,
75 dB
at
the
the
bedhead, with all doors closed.
NOTE: 75 dB(A) may not be adequate to awaken all sleeping occupants.
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Where occupants, such as patients in hospital wards, must not be subject to possible
stress imposed by loud noises, the sound pressure level and message content shall be
arranged to provide warning for the staff and minimize patient trauma.
The signal path to electronic sounders or speakers shall be supervised for open and
short circuit conditions.
3.23
WIRE-FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS
Wire-free alarm zone circuits shall meet the requirements of AS 4428.9.
3.24
3.24.1
A1
WIRING
General
Customer cabling, including extra-low voltage power supply wiring of the fire detection
and alarm system, shall be kept separate and distinct from all other systems and shall be in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of
AS/ACIF S009.
The
wiring
of
amplified
sound
systems described in Clause 3.22(b) is deemed to be customer cabling and shall meet the
requirements of AS/ACIF S009.
Externally energized circuits at voltages in excess of extra low voltage, except the power
source for CIE, are not permitted to enter any CIE enclosure.
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AS 1670.1—2004
Where the various component parts of the CIE, including the power supply equipment and
batteries, are installed in separate locations, they shall be connected so that the wiring is
supervised.
NOTES:
1
Where the fire detection and alarm system is used to control a smoke management system or a
fire
suppression
system,
additional
consideration
shall
be
given
to
cable
integrity
and
reliability in excess of the requirements of Clause 3.24, in accordance with the requirements
of the applicable Standard (e.g., AS 1668.1, AS 4214, AS 1670.4).
2
In areas prone to severe lightning activity, CIE may
require additional surge protection to
wiring external to the building. This may include lightning suppression systems associated
with the general building wiring.
3.24.2
Telecommunications-type cables
The use of telecommunications-type cables is only permitted—
(a)
between buildings;
(b)
mimic panels;
(c)
repeater panels;
(d)
annunciator panels; and
(e)
SIPs (see Clause 2.6).
Where
telecommunications-type
network,
the
point
of
entry
cabling
shall
be
is
taken
not
as
segregated
the
from
‘building
the
telecommunications
distributor’
and
fire
alarm
terminations shall be grouped together and shall be suitably marked.
3.24.3
A1
Conductors
Except where mineral-insulated metal-sheathed or telecommunication-type cables are used,
all conductors shall be stranded and insulated. Two-core cables used for customer cables
shall
have
a
minimum
cross-sectional
area
of
0.75 mm
2
for
each
conductor.
Customer
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cables having more than two cores shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.4 mm
2
for each conductor.
The maximum voltage drop shall not cause any equipment to be operated at a voltage less
than the minimum specified by the equipment manufacturer.
Notwithstanding
fibres
are
the
above
permitted
requirements,
provided
that
the
other
integrity
communication
of
the
methods
installation
is
such
as
equivalent
optical
to
the
requirements of this Standard and such circuits are dedicated to the fire protection functions
of a building.
3.24.4
A1
Cable colour
The outer sheath of customer cables shall be coloured red or have permanent red markers of
at least 25 mm in width, spaced at intervals of not more than 2 m along the cable length.
The installation of each conductor shall be permanently coloured so that each conductor is
readily identifiable at each termination.
3.24.5
Terminations
Wiring to all actuating devices shall be supervised to the extent that removal of any device
from the alarm zone circuit will cause a fault signal to be displayed for that alarm zone.
NOTE: Where it is possible to detect the disconnection or removal of an actuating device without
causing an open circuit fault, the incoming and outgoing cables of the same potential may be
twisted together and secured under a common terminal.
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AS 1670.1—2004
3.24.6
30
Joints
Joints shall comply with the requirements of AS/ACIF S009, and the following:
(a)
Joints in conductors shall not be permitted except in runs in excess of 100 m.
(b)
Joints
and
terminations
shall
be
reliably
made
in
a
terminal
box
located
in
an
accessible space.
(c)
All terminal boxes shall be clearly identified on the ‘as-installed’ drawings.
(d)
Cables joined shall be appropriately marked within the terminal box.
(e)
The terminal box shall be marked ‘FIRE ALARM’ in a contrasting colour.
(f)
Flexible cords used to connect devices shall have clamps at each end to relieve the
terminals of stress.
Where
cables
need
to
be
extended
when
equipment
is
being
replaced
or
relocated
it
is
acceptable to provide a terminal box adjacent to the existing location.
3.25
LOCATION OF DETECTORS
3.25.1
General
For the purpose of this Clause, the location requirements for detectors shall also apply to
smoke alarms and heat alarms.
This
Standard
requires
that
detection
be
provided
throughout
all
areas
of
the
building;
however, where systems are installed to meet the requirements of the BCA, detectors may
only be required in certain nominated areas.
Photoelectric
smoke
detectors,
photoelectric
smoke
alarms or
CO fire
detectors shall be
installed in all sleeping areas.
CO detectors shall not be the only detectors in sole occupancy units.
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Photoelectric smoke detectors or photoelectric smoke alarms shall be installed in all exits,
passageways, corridors, hallways, or the like, that are part of a path of travel to an exit.
C3.25.1
In
situations
where
the
use
of
smoke
detectors
or
smoke
alarms
results
in
unwanted alarms, other approaches may be required. For example:
(a)
Relocation of the detector or alarm.
(b)
Use of other types of detectors or smoke alarms (see Appendix A). The use of heat
detectors or heat alarms in lieu of required smoke detectors or smoke alarms is not
recommended.
(c)
Use of dependency on more than one alarm signal or alarm acknowledgment facility.
(d)
In sole occupancy units the use of both a heat detector and smoke alarm.
The
following
considerations
shall
apply
in
determining
the
location
of
detectors
to
be
installed:
(a)
Where an area is divided into sections by walls, partitions, or storage racks, reaching
within 300 mm of the ceiling (or the soffits of the joists where there is no ceiling),
each section shall be treated as a room, and shall be protected.
(b)
A clear space of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth of 600 mm, shall be maintained
from the detector or sampling point.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(c)
Indicators shall be visible from the path of normal entry to the area.
(d)
Detectors shall be installed so that the ‘on’ or ‘off’ condition of the alarm indicator
shall be discernible from a trafficable area.
NOTE: Additional protection may be required where any special structural features or conditions
exist. See Appendix A for guidance on the selection of detectors.
Where
detectors
incorporating
more
than
one
sensor
are
installed
and
the
detector
is
adjusted for use with one sensor, the most onerous installation requirements shall apply.
3.25.2
Accessible service tunnels
Accessible service tunnels, not fire-isolated, that provide communication between buildings
or sections thereof shall be protected, (see Clause 3.25.8).
3.25.3
Air-handling systems
Each detector mounted in an air-handling system shall indicate as a separate alarm zone.
Duct sampling units shall be used for monitoring air in ducts.
Detectors
installed
in
air-handling
systems
shall
be
provided
with
permanent
indelible
labels, stating zone designation, affixed adjacent to the detectors.
Integral alarm indicators on smoke detectors located in air-handling systems shall be clearly
visible.
Where
this
condition
cannot
be
met,
remote
indicators
are
required.
Remote
indicators shall be labelled appropriately (see Clause 3.17).
Within air-handling systems not requiring compliance with AS 1668.1 detectors shall be
provided in the following locations:
(a)
Return-air system
Buildings with a return air-handling system serving more than one
enclosure not provided with smoke detection within the occupied space shall have
smoke
detectors
installed
adjacent
to
the
return/relief/economy
air
inlet
or
duct
sampling units to sample air from the common return air inlets.
NOTE: The effect of dilution may prevent operation of a common return air detector if smoke
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is only entering the duct from a single return air grill.
(b)
Supply-air ducts
Air-handling plant supplying air to more than one storey within the
building shall have a smoke detector installed as close as practicable to the plant to
detect smoke downstream from the supply air fan.
NOTE: The
building
operation
should
of
any
shutdown
detector
the
associated
air-handling
with
the
equipment
air-handling
to
prevent
systems
the
spread
within
of
the
smoke
throughout the building.
(c)
Exhaust
ducts
vapours,
lint
Ducts
material
that
and
are
the
used
like
for
shall
exhausting
have
at
least
cooking
one
fumes,
detector
at
flammable
the
furthest
practicable downstream point of the duct.
NOTE: Detectors for this application should be carefully selected to suit the environment so
that unwanted alarms are minimized. A fully sealed heat detector would normally be used.
3.25.4
3.25.4.1
Concealed spaces
General
Protection
shall
be
provided
in
all
concealed
spaces.
Exemptions
are
provided
in
Clause 3.26. Access for maintenance of detectors in concealed spaces shall be provided.
Where personnel entry to the concealed space is required the access dimensions shall be not
less than 450 mm × 350 mm.
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AS 1670.1—2004
32
Electrical equipment
3.25.4.2
Where a concealed space contains electrical lighting or power equipment that is fully within
the concealed space, and is connected to an electrical supply in excess of extra low voltage,
a detector shall be mounted on the ceiling of the concealed space within 1.5 m measured
horizontally from the equipment. An exception to this is when light fittings are not rated
above 100 W and power equipment with moving parts is not rated above 100 W and other
power equipment is not rated above 500 W.
For
the
purpose
of
this
Standard,
electrical
wiring
installed
in
accordance
with
AS/NZS 3000, and any enclosures of light fittings not deemed combustible which protrude
into a false ceiling, are not regarded as electrical equipment.
NOTE:
The
detector
used
in
the
protection
of
the
equipment
in
concealed
spaces
does
not
necessarily constitute protection of the concealed space.
3.25.4.3
Remote indicators for fire detectors
Remote indicators are not required where the detector location is indicated at the FIP or the
concealed space is accessible and—
(a)
has a height exceeding 2 m and is trafficable by personnel; or
(b)
is beneath removable flooring (such as computer flooring).
Where a detector is mounted under removable flooring such as in a computer room and the
detector location is not indicated at the FIP, a label shall be affixed to the ceiling or ceiling
grid immediately above the detector indicating the location of the detector below.
3.25.5
Cupboards
Any cupboard that has a capacity exceeding 3 m
3
shall be protected. Cupboards divided by
partitions or shelves into separate areas of less than 3 m
3
capacity do not require detectors.
Cupboards containing electrical or electronic equipment having voltages greater than extra-
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low
voltage
shall
be
protected
internally
if
in
excess
of
1 m
3
(the
requirements
of
Clause 3.25.1(b) need not apply).
NOTE: For electrical cubicles not requiring protection, see Clause 3.26.
3.25.6
Intermediate horizontal surfaces
Protection shall be provided under intermediate horizontal surfaces such as ducts, loading
platforms,
and
storage
racks
in
excess
of
3.5 m
in
width
and
whose
undersurface
is
in
excess of 800 mm above the floor.
Where the distance from the underside of the intermediate surface to the ceiling is less than
800 mm, the underside of the intermediate surface may be considered as the ceiling and
does not require detectors above the intermediate surface.
If the side of the duct or structure is in excess of 800 mm from the wall or other ducts or
structures, detectors shall be provided at the highest accessible point on the ceiling.
Where a concealed space is formed above or below the intermediate surface, such as ducts
above false ceilings, Clause 3.26 shall apply.
3.25.7
Open grid ceilings
Detectors may be omitted from the underside of open grid portions of the ceiling which
have not less than two-thirds of the total ceiling area open to the free flow of air and have
detectors installed on the ceiling above the open grid.
Where
any
solid
portion
of
the
ceiling
has
a
minimum
be
installed
dimension
in
excess
of
3.5 m,
Clause 3.25.6 shall apply.
Where
flame
detectors
are
used
they
shall
above
and
below
the
open
grid
ceiling.
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33
AS 1670.1—2004
The space above the open grid ceiling shall be protected, if required by this Standard.
3.25.8
Restricted fire service access
Where detectors are installed in areas to which fire service access is restricted, each area
shall be a separate alarm zone, or have a suitably labelled remote indicator installed outside
the entry to the area (see Figure 2.2).
NOTE: Examples of restricted access may include the following locked areas: shops (in arcades,
malls
and
plazas),
vaults,
strongrooms,
lift
motor
rooms,
lift
shafts,
cool
rooms,
freezers,
cupboards and electrical switch rooms.
3.25.9
Sole occupancy units
Alarm indication from each sole occupancy unit shall be—
(a)
(b)
an individual identification at the FIP or SIP; or
a common alarm zone indication at the FIP or SIP, provided that a clearly labelled
remote indicator is provided adjacent to the entry to the single occupancy unit.
Where a sole occupancy unit incorporating a sleeping area consists of one main room and
water closet/shower/bathroom (which is not used for other purposes, e.g., laundry), it may
be protected by one smoke detector, or smoke alarm located in the main room provided that
2
the total area of the whole unit is less than 50 m . The water closet/shower/bathroom and
the ceiling space containing a fan coil unit (where installed) need not be protected.
NOTE: The location of the detector should take into account airflows and airstream.
CO fire detectors shall not be substituted for required smoke detectors or smoke alarms in
SOUs.
3.25.10
Stairwells
Photoelectric smoke detectors or photoelectric smoke alarms shall be installed within the
stairwells at each floor level having access to the stairwell.
3.25.11
Transportable enclosures
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Any enclosure that is manufactured to be transportable, not used for the transport of goods,
and utilized for storage or offices, located within the protected building and with an internal
3
volume greater than 10 m , shall be protected as if part of building.
3.25.12
Vertical shafts and openings
Vertical risers, lift shafts, and similar openings between storeys, that exceed 0.1 m
2
in area
shall be protected within the riser at the top as follows:
(a)
Where vertical shafts penetrate any storey and are not fire-isolated from other areas, a
detector
shall
be
located
on
the
ceiling
of
each
storey
not
more
than
1.5 m
horizontally distant from where the vertical shaft that penetrates the storey above.
(b)
Any ceiling that contains openings exceeding 9 m
2
and permitting free travel of fire
between storeys shall have detectors located within 1.5 m of the edge of the opening,
and
spaced
not
more
than
7.2 m
apart
around
the
perimeter
of
the
opening.
Such
detectors may be regarded as part of the general protection for the area below the
opening.
If
the
opening
is
less
than
0.5 m
from
a
wall,
no
detectors
are
required
between the wall and the opening.
The requirements of Clause 3.25.1(b) need not apply.
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AS 1670.1—2004
3.26
34
LOCATIONS WHERE DETECTORS ARE NOT REQUIRED
Detectors are not required in the following locations:
(a)
Air locks—opening on both sides into protected areas, provided that they are less than
3.5 m
2
in area, do not contain electrical equipment, are not used for the storage of
goods or for access to cupboards and are not used as washrooms.
(b)
Concealed spaces—as follows (see Clause 3.25.4):
(i)
Concealed
spaces
that
are
less
than
800 mm
high,
do
not
contain
electrical
lighting and power equipment and are not used for storage.
(ii)
Concealed spaces to which there is no access and that are fire-isolated with a
minimum fire-resistance level 60/30/–.
(iii)
Concealed spaces to which there is no access and that are less than 350 mm
high, irrespective of construction.
(iv)
3
Concealed spaces that are less than 3 m , do not contain electrical lighting and
power and are not used for storage.
(c)
Open
covered
areas—verandas,
balconies,
colonnades,
open-sided
covered
walkways, overhanging roof areas, and the like and not used for the storage of goods
or as a car park.
(d)
Cupboards containing water heaters—if a cupboard, opening off a protected area is
solely for the use of a water heater and does not exceed 3 m
3
in volume, protection is
not required.
(e)
Exhaust ducts—in ducts exhausting from toilets, or rooms containing single ironing
and laundry facilities.
(f)
Areas protected with a sprinkler system complying with AS 2118.1 or AS 2118.4—
except as required by Clause 3.25.1.
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(g)
Sanitary spaces—any water closet or shower-recess or bathroom, with a floor area of
less than 3.5 m
(h)
2
and opening off a protected area.
Skylights—as follows:
2
(i)
With an opening on the ceiling of less than 1.5 m
(ii)
Installed in areas not requiring detection (such as sanitary spaces).
(iii)
That have less than 4.0 m
2
and not used for ventilation.
area, have a recess height of not more than 800 mm
and are not used for ventilation.
(iv)
With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.15 m
2
(regardless whether used
for ventilation or not).
(i)
Switchboards—any non-recessed or freestanding switchboard or switchboard cubicle
protected by the normal protection of the area in which it is contained.
3.27
FIRE BRIGADE PANEL
Where the CIE complying with AS 7240.2, is connected to the fire brigade dispatch centre,
and does not have individual zone alarm indicators, it shall be provided with a fire brigade
panel complying with AS 4428.3 and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements
for an FIP specified in Clause 3.9.
Where a fire brigade panel is installed as distributed CIE, the FIP is not required to be
located at the designated building entry point.
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35
3.28
AS 1670.1—2004
MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS
Where
a
multi-sensor
detector
complying
with
AS 7240.15
is
installed
and
the
smoke
sensing element is disabled from the CIE at Access Level 2 (see AS 7240.2), detectors shall
be installed in accordance with the requirements for heat detectors and comply with the
sensitivity requirement of AS 7240.5 or AS 1603.1.
Multi-sensor
detectors
shall
be
installed
so
that
the
correct
performance
is
maintained.
Where the detector response settings can be varied, these settings shall be set within the
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limits specified in AS 7240.15.
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AS 1670.1—2004
36
S E C T I O N
4.1
4.1.1
4
H E A T
D E T E C T O R S
SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE HEAT DETECTORS
General
Each detector shall be installed so that no part of the sensing element is less than 15 mm or
more than 100 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where roof purlins inhibit the free flow of
heat to the detector, the detector may be installed on the purlin provided that the sensing
element is not further than 350 mm from the roof.
NOTE: Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to
solar radiation. Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below
these pockets.
Detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and 1.5 m of the highest point of the ceiling (see
Figure 4.2); however, where the ceiling is constructed with beams or joists or a step less
than 300 mm deep, the detector may be installed on the underside of the beam or joist.
NOTES:
1
2
The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A.
Where the height of the ceiling is greater than 6 m, it is recommended that a detector with
greater sensitivity be considered.
4.1.2
Spacing between detectors for level surfaces
For level surfaces, excluding corridors, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from
any point on the ceiling of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 5.1 m
(see Figure 4.1). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearest detector to it
shall not exceed 7.2 m.
For corridors the use of heat detectors or heat alarms is not permitted (see Clause 3.25.1).
2
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Where detectors are installed in an area of less than 100 m , the detectors may be installed
in a staggered grid, provided that—
(a)
they are arranged within 3.6 m of the wall;
(b)
each wall has at least one detector located within 3.6 m; and
(c)
the detectors are within 7.2 m of each other in any direction.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
4.1
TYPICAL DETECTOR SPACING—LEVEL SURFACES
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37
4.1.3
AS 1670.1—2004
Spacing of detectors for sloping surfaces
This Clause applies to all sloping surfaces including curved surfaces such as barrel-vaulted
ceilings.
Detectors
shall
be
installed
between
500 mm
and
1500 mm
from
the
apex
and
spaced
longitudinally at a maximum of 7.2 m between detectors. Lower rows of heat detector or
heat alarms shall be no more than 7.2 m apart, measured horizontally from adjacent rows,
the outside wall or partition. The spacing between heat detector or heat alarms within lower
rows
may
extend
to
14.4 m
provided
that
the
detectors
are
offset
equally
between
the
detectors on the adjacent rows (see Figure 4.2).
4.1.4
Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings
The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed
3.6 m, or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 4.1). Detectors shall not be installed closer than
400 mm to any air supply opening.
4.1.5
Reduced spacing
For all types of heat detector or heat alarm, closer spacing may be required to take account
of
special
structural
characteristics
of
the
protected
area.
In
particular,
the
following
requirements shall be observed:
(a)
Where the ceiling of the protected area is segmented by beams, joists, or ducts, and
the vertical depth of such members is greater than 300 mm, spacing between detectors
shall
be
reduced
by
30%
in
the
direction
perpendicular
to
the
direction
of
segmentation.
(b)
4.1.6
2
The maximum coverage of AS 1603.1 Type E detectors shall be 9 m .
Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection
Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 3.25.4 may be protected in
accordance with Clauses 4.1.1 to 4.1.6, subject to the following exceptions:
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(a)
Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectors
spaced in accordance with Clauses 4.1.2 and 4.1.4.
(b)
For
concealed
downward
spaces
with
level
projections,
such
as
upper
beams
surfaces
and
ducts
less
not
than
2 m
exceeding
high
and
300 mm
having
from
the
upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 10 m, and
the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed
5 m.
Where downward projections exceed 300 mm,
the spacing
of detectors shall be in
accordance with Clauses 4.1.2 and 4.1.5.
(c)
For concealed spaces with apices, the lowest row of detectors shall be located not
more than 7.2 m measured horizontally towards the apex from a position where the
vertical
height,
between
the
upper
and
lower
surfaces
of
the
space,
is
800 mm
(see Figure 4.2).
4.2
LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS
Installations
of
linear
heat
detectors
shall
comply
with
the
appropriate
requirements
of
Clauses 4.1.2 to 4.1.5, and with the following requirements:
(a)
The
maximum
area
covered
by
each
linear
heat
detection
device
shall
be
in
subject
to
accordance with the area limitation specified in Clause 2.4.
(b)
All
linear
heat
detection
circuits
shall
be
installed
so
that
they
are
not
mechanical damage.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(c)
38
The heat-sensing portion of the linear heat detection circuit shall not be installed in
more than one alarm zone unless adequate precautions are taken to prevent incorrect
alarm zone identification and that a single fault does not affect more than one alarm
zone.
(d)
Linear heat detection circuits shall be disposed throughout the protected area so that
there is not more than 7.2 m between any two adjacent lines and within 3.6 m of any
wall or partition. In the roof bays, there shall be a detection circuit for each apex,
even though these apices may be less than 7.2 m apart.
NOTE: See Appendix A, Paragraph A2.
(e)
Where the linear heat detector is made up of a number of individual elements, each
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element shall be considered as a point-type detector for spacing purposes.
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39
AS 1670.1—2004
DIMENSIONS IN METRES
NOTES:
1
Alternate rows offset.
2
Refer to Clause 4.1.6.
3
Apex detector should comply with Clause 4.1.3 and Figure 4.3.
FIGURE
4.2
TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR OR HEAT ALARM LOCATIONS
FOR SLOPING SURFACES
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AS 1670.1—2004
40
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
4.3 (in part)
TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE
AND LINEAR-TYPE DETECTORS
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41
AS 1670.1—2004
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
4.3 (in part)
TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE
AND LINEAR-TYPE DETECTORS
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AS 1670.1—2004
42
S E C T I O N
5
S M O K E
A N D
C O
F I R E
D E T E C T O R S
5.1
SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE DETECTORS
5.1.1
General
The opening to the sensing element for ceiling-mounted point-type detectors shall be not
less than 25 mm and normally not more than 300 mm below the ceiling, roof or apex. For
ceiling heights between 4 m and 20 m, the sensing element shall not be more than 600 mm
below the ceiling roof or apex.
NOTES:
1
Where the
location
ceiling
may
or
roof height
require additional
is
more than
engineering
20 m
from
the
considerations of
floor,
the
the detector type
smoke plume
and
within
the
building environment.
2
Systems installed for asset protection may need engineering calculations to ensure that the
detectors provide appropriate performance in risks with ceilings more than 15 m.
CO fire detectors shall be installed in accordance with the spacing requirements for point
type smoke detectors.
NOTE: For guidance see also Appendix A.
The
maximum
spacing
and
location
of
detectors
shall
comply
with
the
requirements
of
Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6 and Figures 5.1 to 5.5.
NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A.
Beam-type smoke detectors spaced in accordance with Figure 5.3 shall be mounted not less
than
25 mm
and
not
more
than
600 mm
below
the
ceiling
or
roof.
Beam-type
smoke
detectors may be installed more than 600 mm below the ceiling, provided that the spacing
between beams is reduced to half the mounting height of the beam above the floor. The
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distance between beams shall not exceed 14 m. The maximum distance from any wall to the
nearest beam shall not exceed half the distance between the beams.
C5.1.1
The requirements for the reduced spacing of beam-type detectors has taken into
account the likely spread of a smoke plume as a function of height.
NOTES:
1
Care
should
be
taken
to
ensure
that
beam
receiver
units
are
not
exposed
to
strong
light,
especially direct sunlight.
2
Additional beam-type smoke detectors may be installed in vertical spaces, e.g., atria, at lower
levels.
5.1.2
Spacing between detectors for level surfaces
For level surfaces, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from any point on the
level
surface
Figures 5.1(a)
of
the
protected
and (b)).
In
area
addition,
to
the
the
nearest
distance
detector
between
does
any
not
exceed
detector
and
7.2 m,
the
(see
nearest
detector to it shall not exceed 10.2 m.
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43
AS 1670.1—2004
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
5.1
TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR OR SMOKE ALARM SPACING—
LEVEL SURFACES
For beam-type smoke detectors, the distance between beams shall not exceed 14.4 m (see
Figure 5.3).
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Aspirated
systems
shall
be
so
arranged
that
sampling
points
have
the
same
spacings
as
required for point-type detectors.
2
Where detectors are installed in an area of less than 200 m , the detectors may be installed
in a staggered grid, provided that—
(a)
they are arranged within 5.1 m of the wall;
(b)
each wall has at least one detector located within 5.1 m; and
(c)
the detectors are within 10.2 m of each other in any direction.
5.1.3
Spacing between detectors for sloping surfaces
This Clause applies to all sloping surfaces including curved surfaces such as barrel-vaulted
ceilings.
Detectors
shall
be
installed
between
0.5 m
and
1.5 m
from
the
apex
and
spaced
longitudinally at a maximum of 10.2 m between detectors. Lower rows of smoke detectors
shall be no more than 10.2 m apart, measured horizontally from adjacent rows, the outside
wall or partition. The spacing between smoke detectors within lower rows may extend to
20.4 m provided that the detectors are offset equally between the detectors on the adjacent
rows (see Figure 5.2).
5.1.4
Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings
The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed
5.1 m or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 5.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between the
end wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5.1 m (see Figure 5.1(b)).
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AS 1670.1—2004
44
Detectors other than beam-type detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any
air-supply opening.
Where ceiling fans are installed, CO fire detectors or smoke detectors other than beam-type
detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm outside the circumference of the blades
of the fan.
5.1.5
Areas of high airflows
For areas of high airflow with mechanical ventilation, such as computer rooms and clean
rooms, the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Table 5.1.
TABLE
5.1
SMOKE DETECTOR SPACING BASED ON
AIR CHANGE RATE
Distance between
Distance from walls
detectors (m)
or partitions (m)
15 − <20
7.2
3.6
20 − <30
6.0
3.0
30 − <60
4.8
2.4
> 60
3.6
1.8
Air changes per hour
5.1.6
Location of detectors on level surfaces with deep beams
Where level surfaces are compartmented by structural features that could have the effect of
restricting the free flow of smoke, the detectors shall be located so that early detection is
ensured, subject (for point-type detectors) to the following (see Figure 5.5):
(a)
For areas with deep beam depth not exceeding 300 mm (see Area 1, Figure 5.5), the
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spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(b)
For
areas
with
ceiling
height
not
exceeding
2 m
and
deep
beam
depth
exceeding
300 mm (see Area 2, Figure 5.5), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with
Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(c)
For areas
with ceiling
height
greater than 2 m
and not exceeding
4 m, deep beam
depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 3, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area less than
2
4 m ,
detectors
shall
be
mounted
on
the
underside
of
the
beams
and
spaced
in
accordance with Clause 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(d)
For areas such as Item (c) above, where the interbeam area is equal to or greater than
2
4 m , at least one detector shall be placed in each interbeam area, and the spacing
shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(e)
For
areas
with
ceiling
heights
equal
to
or
greater
than
4 m
and
deep
beam
depth
2
exceeding 300 mm (see Area 4, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area less than 9 m ,
detectors shall be mounted on the underside of the beams and spaced in accordance
with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(f)
For
areas
with
ceiling
heights
equal
to
or
greater
than
4 m
and
deep
beam
depth
exceeding 300 mm (see Area 4, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area equal to or greater
2
than 9 m , detectors shall be placed in the interbeam areas and the spacing shall be in
accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
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5.1.7
AS 1670.1—2004
Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection
Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 3.25.1 shall be protected in
accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6, subject to the following:
(a)
For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high, the detectors
shall be spaced in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4.
(b)
For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces not exceeding 2 m high and having
downward
projections,
such
as
beams
and
ducts
not
exceeding
300 mm
from
the
upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 15 m, and
the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed
10.2 m. Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall
be in accordance with Clause 5.1.6(b).
(c)
For concealed spaces with apices, the lowest row of detectors shall be located not
more than 10.2 m measured horizontally towards the apex from a position where the
vertical
height,
between
the
upper
and
lower
surfaces
of
the
space,
is
800 mm
(see Figure 5.2).
5.2
MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS
5.2.1
General
This Section does not apply to duct sampling units such as those described by AS 1603.13.
A change in airflow of more than 20% through the sensing head or failure of the electronic
functions of the system, which could cause the total alarm zone to be unprotected, shall be
indicated both audibly and visually at the CIE.
An aspirated smoke detector shall not cover an area greater than could be covered by a
single alarm zone of point type detectors.
For
the
purposes
of
assessing
the
requirements
for
remote
indicators,
aspirated
detector
sampling points within restricted access areas or sole occupancy units shall be treated as if
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they were separate point type detectors.
5.2.2
System design
The system shall comply with the following:
(a)
The
number
of
air-sampling
points
within
an
enclosure
shall
have
an
aggregate
sensitivity equal to or greater than a single point-type smoke detector that could be
used to cover the same area.
(b)
The sensitivity required in this Clause shall be the static sensitivity as determined by
the design tool specified in AS 1603.8.
(c)
The
power
sensing
supply
heads,
for
an
indicators
aspirated
and
smoke
similar)
detector
shall
system
comply
with
(including
the
air
pumps,
requirements
of
AS 4428.5 and the functions specified in AS 4428.1, or the relevant requirements of
AS 7240.4.
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AS 1670.1—2004
46
DIMENSIONS IN METRES
NOTES:
1
Alternate rows offset.
2
Refer to Clause 5.1.7.
3
Apex detector should comply with Clause 5.1.3 and Figure 5.3.
FIGURE
5.2
TYPICAL POINT-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS SMOKE DETECTOR
LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES
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47
FIGURE
5.3
AS 1670.1—2004
TYPICAL BEAM-TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS
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AS 1670.1—2004
48
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
5.4 (in part)
TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM-TYPE AND
SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE
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49
AS 1670.1—2004
NOTES:
1
X =
10 000 for point and sampling tube type detectors.
X =
14 000 for optical beam-type detectors.
Y =
For ceiling heights between 4 m and 20 m, detection sensing element should be between 25 mm and
600 mm below the ceiling.
2
Infra-red
scan
of
a
building
has
shown
heat
pockets
at
apices
of
roof
structures
due
to
solar
radiation;
therefore, to obtain effective fire detection the detector should be located below these pockets.
DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES
FIGURE
5.4 (in part)
TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM-TYPE AND
SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE
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AS 1670.1—2004
50
FIGURE
5.5
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTORS
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AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS IN STRUCTURES WITH DEEP BEAMS
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51
S E C T I O N
6.1
6
F L A M E
AS 1670.1—2004
D E T E C T O R S
LOCATION
Flame detectors shall be located so that their field
of
view is not
blocked
by structural
members of buildings or other objects.
Flame detectors placed in environments likely to lead to the depositing of particles on the
lens, appropriate baffles or purging equipment shall be fitted to ensure that the detector’s
sensitivity is retained between service periods.
6.2
SPACING
Detectors shall be spaced to ensure that the risk areas are protected with a minimum of
shadowing or blind spots. Where significant unprotected areas exist because of the presence
of objects such as aircraft, equipment, or storage racks, additional detectors to cover these
areas shall be installed.
NOTE:
The
operating
principles
of
flame
detectors
(infra-red
or
ultraviolet)
need
to
be
understood to enable the correct selection and location of a particular device to suit the risk and
the
level
of
protection
required.
Particular
attention
has
to
be
given
to
the
manufacturer’s
installation instructions for the type of detector selected. The type of detector for use in various
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locations is described in Appendix A.
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AS 1670.1—2004
52
S E C T I O N
7.1
7
C O M M I S S I O N I N G
GENERAL
On completion of the installation of a new fire detection and alarm system and those parts
of
existing
installations
affected
by
modifications
or
additions,
the
system
shall
be
commissioned in accordance with the following requirements.
NOTE: An example of a commissioning test report as shown in Appendix E.
(a)
Equipment
Check that equipment has been designed and constructed in accordance
with the relevant equipment Standards.
(b)
Installation
Check that the equipment has been located, installed and interconnected
in accordance with the system documentation.
(c)
Compatibility
Check that all detectors and other devices used in the system are—
(i)
listed in the operator’s manual;
(ii)
compatible with the relevant parts of CIE, particularly ensure that the permitted
number of detectors and other devices for each circuit is not exceeded;
(iii)
installed in an environment for which they are suitable; and
(iv)
not set to a sensitivity outside that prescribed in the relevant product Standard.
NOTE:The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A.
(d)
Alarm zone limitations
Check that the alarm zone limitations in Clause 2.4 are not
exceeded.
(e)
Primary power source
(i)
Check that—
the primary power source for the system has been provided in accordance with
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AS/NZS 3000;
(ii)
the isolating switch disconnects all active conductors; and
(iii)
five operations of the primary power source switch does not cause an alarm to
be indicated on the system.
(f)
Secondary power source
(i)
Check that—
the secondary power source is a suitable type and capacity complying with the
requirements of Clause 3.16.2; and
(ii)
the float voltage, charger type and setting is correct and in accordance with the
battery manufacturer’s recommendation.
(g)
Battery temperature and voltage
Allow the system to operate in the quiescent state
for a period of not less than 24 h. At the end of this period measure the temperature of
the battery space. Check that the battery voltage corresponds to that specified by the
battery manufacturer for the measured temperature.
(h)
Alarm
zone
parameters
Measure
alarm
zone
circuit
parameters
specified
in
the
manufacturer’s instructions and check that each is within the equipment specification.
NOTE: Where
the
connected
equipment
could
be
damaged
by
the
insulation
resistance
or
other tests, other appropriate tests to ensure that the wiring is satisfactory should be applied.
(i)
Wire-free alarm zones
minimum
parameters
Check
that
specified
by
wire-free
the
actuating
manufacturer,
device parameters meet
including
that
the
the
receiver
responds to alarm, tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal when
the supervisory signal condition is absent.
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53
(j)
Operation of fault and alarm signals
AS 1670.1—2004
Open-circuit and short-circuit the ‘end-of-line
device’ on each alarm zone circuit, or conduct other appropriate tests to check that
fault and alarm conditions correctly detected and indicated as the correct alarm zone,
operating other required indicators, and operates relevant outputs of the CIE.
(k)
Mimic panel
Check the correct operation of all mimic panels, annunciators, and the
like.
(l)
Alarm
zone
controls
Operate
each
alarm
test,
fault
test,
isolate
and
reset
facility
provided for each alarm zone to check for correct operation.
(m)
Alarm
dependency
Check
the
correct
implementation
of
the
dependency
on
more
than one alarm signal, in accordance with Clause 3.3.
(n)
CIE
response
to
actuating
device
operation
Check
that
each
actuating
device
operates when tested with a medium suitable for the device type and that the alarm
has indicated on the correct alarm zone at the FIP and, if applicable, at the tested
device.
(o)
Fault response time
Test each alarm zone circuit and check that the response to a
fault does not exceed 100 s.
(p)
Alarm response time
that
the
response
to
Test at least one detector in each alarm zone circuit and check
the
alarm
does
not
exceed
10 s
or
the
period
specified
when
dependency on more than one alarm signal is used.
(q)
Supervisory signal response time
Test at least one supervisory device in each alarm
zone circuit and check that the response to the supervisory device does not exceed
100 s.
(r)
Alarm
acknowledgement
facility
Check
that
any
alarm
acknowledgement
facility
operates correctly, in accordance with Clause 3.2.
(s)
Occupant warning system—
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(i)
(ii)
check that the building occupant warning system operates correctly; and
record that the sound pressure level meets requirements of Clause 3.22 at the
least favourable location in each normally occupied area.
(t)
External alarm indication
Check that the external alarm indication is visible from
the main approach to the building and is adjacent to designated building entry point.
(u)
Manual call points
(i)
(ii)
Check—
the correct operation of each manual call point;
that the activation of manual call points on the same circuit as other actuating
devices does not cause existing detector alarm indications to be extinguished;
and
(iii)
that manual call points are not subjected to alarm dependency.
(v)
Smoke and fire door release
(w)
Flame detectors
(i)
Check the operation of each device.
Check that—
the number and type of detectors provide adequate protection of the area;
(ii)
there are no ‘blind’ spots in areas protected;
(iii)
detectors are rigidly fixed;
(iv)
detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from dust and extraneous
radiation sources; and
(v)
the detector responds to a flame source or simulated flame.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(x)
54
Multi-point aspirating smoke detectors
(i)
Measure
and
record
the
Check the following:
response
time
of
all
sampling
points
using
a
test
medium, placed at each sampling point.
(y)
(ii)
The operation of alarm settings and indicators.
(iii)
The operation of remote indication of alarm and fault signals.
(iv)
The operation of airflow failure indicators.
(v)
The operation of the system (signal) failure indicators.
(vi)
The isolate and reset functions.
(vii)
The fault and alarm test facilities.
Duct sampling unit
Check that—
(i)
the alarm indicator is clearly visible from a trafficable area;
(ii)
the duct air velocity exceeds the minimum velocity specified for the unit; and
(iii)
if the velocity does not exceed the minium specified for the unit, the measured
differential pressure is at least the minimum specified for the unit.
(z)
Ancillary control functions
Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone
facility or facilities associated with the ancillary function and check for the correct
operation of the ancillary control function.
(aa)
Alarm signalling equipment
Check that the alarm
signalling equipment initiates a
fire alarm signal to the monitoring service provider.
(bb)
Labelling
Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled and that
the alarm zone is immediately apparent from the labelling.
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7.2
DOCUMENTATION
Documentation shall be housed in or adjacent to the FIP without interfering with the system
wiring.
The
following
documentation
shall
be
provided
upon
completion
of
the
commissioning tests:
(a)
‘As-installed’ drawings
‘As-installed’ drawings covering the system or alterations,
as applicable. Standard symbols, as given in Appendix D, shall be used. The drawings
shall
show
the
following,
where
applicable
(see
also
Figures D1
and
D2,
Appendix D):
(i)
The location and interconnection of all equipment installed in accordance with
this Standard, including unique detector numbering.
(ii)
The location
of intersystem
termination points such as building
management
and control systems, AS 1668.1 controls, primary power source circuit-breaker
and ancillary control functions.
(iii)
Applicable
portion
of
the
alarm
zone
designation,
together
with
a
symbol
legend.
(b)
(iv)
System schematic wiring diagram.
(v)
Sound pressure level and location of reading.
(vi)
Access point to any protected concealed space.
(vii)
Location of any building plant reset control.
CIE
documentation
Documentation
required
by
AS 7240.2
or
AS 4428.1,
as
applicable.
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55
(c)
Commissioning report
AS 1670.1—2004
A report on the commissioning of the system.
NOTE: See Appendix E for an example of a report format.
(d)
Installer’s statement
(e)
Log
(f)
Aspirating system
An installer’s statement in accordance with Appendix F.
Log in accordance with Clause 7.3.
7.3
LOG
The
log,
which
may
be
The design tool calculation for the aspirating system.
an
electronic
form
of
record-keeping,
shall
have
provisions
for
including
the
entering the following information:
(a)
Identification of the building.
(b)
Description of the system components and their location.
(c)
All
commissioning
data
to
serve
as
a
basis
for
future
service
and
following:
(i)
Type, quantity and 20 h discharge capacity of batteries required.
(ii)
Date
of
battery
installation
and
manufacturer’s
recommended
replacement
dates.
(iii)
Manufacturer’s recommended float voltage at normal ambient temperature and
the voltage correction for other temperatures.
(iv)
Quiescent current of the fire detection and alarm system, ancillary loads and
that of any other CIE connected.
(v)
Full alarm load current of the fire detection and alarm system, ancillary loads
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and that of any other CIE connected.
(vi)
The minimum operating voltage of all CIE connected.
(vii)
The battery discharge capacity compensation factor at full load as determined
in Clause 3.16.4.
(d)
(viii)
Minimum battery capacity as calculated in Clause 3.16.4.
(ix)
Minimum charging current as calculated in Clause 3.16.3.
(x)
The power supply equipment primary supply rating.
(xi)
Quantity, type, location for all CIE external to the FIP.
Date of commissioning.
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AS 1670.1—2004
56
APPENDIX
A
GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS
(Informative)
A1
INTRODUCTION
The
recommendations
attributes
of
each
given
type
of
in
this
detector
Appendix
and
its
should
prime
be
applied
function
for
with
life
due
regard
safety
and
to
the
property
protection. Hazardous locations may require special consideration.
The fire detection and alarm system should operate before the escape routes become smokelogged to such an extent that occupants will have difficulty finding their way out of the
building.
Premises where people sleep require different criteria for the selection of the detection and
alarm
system
to
those
premises
where
occupants
are
continuously
supervising
the
area.
Smoke detector or smoke alarms would normally provide a suitable level of protection for
occupants within these areas.
A2
GENERAL NOTES ON DETECTORS
Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more of four characteristics of a fire, i.e., heat,
smoke, CO or flame. No one type of detector is the most suitable for all applications and
the
final
choice
will
depend
on
individual
circumstances.
In
some
premises,
it
may
be
useful to combine different types of detectors to achieve the best results.
The likely fire behaviour of the contents of each part of the building, the processes taking
place and the design of the building should be considered. The susceptibility of the contents
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to heat, smoke and water damage should also be considered.
The following list includes typical areas, including suggested detection devices, that should
be given special consideration:
(a)
Laundry/bathrooms—CO or heat with normal temperature duty and fixed temperature
operation.
(b)
Kitchens—heat or CO.
(c)
Kitchen exhaust duct—special purpose fixed temperature.
(d)
Electrical risers—smoke.
(e)
Vertical service shaft—smoke or CO.
(f)
Autoclave/sterilizer areas—CO, aspirating or heat with normal temperature operation
or high temperature duty and fixed temperature operation.
(g)
Roof spaces—aspirating or heat with high temperature duty and rate of rise operation.
(h)
Concealed spaces—aspirating or heat with normal temperature duty and rate-of-rise
operation.
(i)
Cold
rooms/freezers—aspirating,
beam-type
smoke
detectors
or
heat
with
normal
temperature duty and fixed temperature operation.
(j)
Flammable
liquid
stores—heat
with
normal
temperature
duty
and
rate-of-rise
operation, smoke, flame.
(k)
Car parks—heat with normal temperature duty and rate of rise operation.
(l)
Air ducts—smoke.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(m)
Fume cupboards—special purpose fixed temperature.
(n)
Spray painting booths—heat and flame.
(o)
Boiler
room/furnace—heat
with
high
temperature
operation
and
fixed
temperature
operation.
(p)
Stables—CO or heat.
(q)
Stages, discotheques or rides (where theatrical smoke is used)—CO or heat.
(r)
High ceilings—smoke or CO.
Notwithstanding the above, fire detection devices specifically designed for the particular
applications may also be suitable.
In any automatic fire detection system, the detector has to discriminate between a fire and
the
normal
conditions
existing
within
the
building.
The
system
chosen
should
have
detectors that are suited to these conditions and provide the earliest reliable warning. Each
type
of
detector
responds
at
a
different
rate
to
different
kinds
of
fire.
With
a
slowly
developing smouldering fire, a smoke detector or smoke alarm would probably operate first.
A fire that rapidly evolves heat with very little smoke could operate a heat detector or heat
alarm
before
a
smoke
detector
or
smoke
alarm.
With
a
flammable
liquid
fire,
a
flame
detector could operate first.
In general, smoke detectors or smoke alarms give appreciably faster responses than heat
detector or heat alarms, but care has to be taken in their selection and location.
Heat and smoke detectors are suitable for use in most buildings. Flame detectors are mainly
suitable for supplementing heat and smoke detectors in high compartments provided that an
unobstructed
view
is
possible,
and
for
special
applications
such
as
outdoor
storage
and
chemical processes employing flammable liquids.
The choice of fire detector may also be affected by the environmental conditions within the
premises.
In
general,
heat
detector
or
heat
alarms
have
a
greater
resistance
to
adverse
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environmental conditions than other types have.
All fire detectors will respond to some extent to phenomena other than fire and, therefore,
care in the choice of detectors and their location is essential.
A3
HEAT DETECTORS OR HEAT ALARMS
A3.1
General
There
are
two
main
forms
of
heat-sensitive
detector.
One
is
the
point-type
of
detector,
which is affected by the hot gas layer immediately adjacent to it. The other is the line-type
of detector, which is sensitive to the effect produced by heated gases along any portion of
the detector line.
There are two main types of heat-sensitive element in each form as follows:
(a)
Rate-of-rise
temperature
elements,
which
are
designed
to
operate
when
their
temperature rises abnormally quickly.
(b)
Fixed-temperature (static) elements, which are designed to operate when they reach a
preselected temperature.
It must be appreciated that a rate-of-rise detector will normally respond to the presence of
fire
conditions faster
increases
in
than
temperature.
a fixed-temperature
Accordingly,
the
use
type because
of
of
rate-of-rise
its ability to sense rapid
detectors
is
preferred
for
general protection of areas.
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AS 1670.1—2004
58
Where a building’s environmental conditions are not conducive to the use of rate-of-rise
detectors due to normally occurring rapid temperature increases, consideration should be
given
to
the
installation
of
fixed-temperature-type
detectors
to
reduce
the
incidence
of
spurious alarms.
Where
the
suitable,
ceiling
and
the
height
exceeds
location,
9 m,
sensitivity
heat
and
detector
type
of
or
heat
detector
alarms
selected
are
not
should
be
generally
specially
considered.
Heat detector or heat alarms are not usually suitable for the protection of places where large
losses could be caused by small fires, e.g., computer rooms. Before final selection of a
detector,
an
estimate
should
be
made
of
the
likely
extent
of
the
damage
caused
before
operation of the heat detector or heat alarm.
Attention of designers is drawn to the size to which a fire must develop before detection.
Heat
detectors
mounted
on
higher
ceilings
require
a
larger
fire
size
before
the
fire
is
detected (see Table A1).
TABLE
A1
INCREASED FIRE SIZE REQUIRED FOR EQUIVALENT HEAT
DETECTOR EFFECTIVENESS BASED ON CEILING HEIGHT
Fire size ratio required for equivalent
Heat detector mounting height (m)
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A3.2
detection performa nce
3
1
6
5.5
9
15.5
Application
AS 1603.1 heat detectors should generally be selected as follows:
(a)
Type A (white dot)—normal temperature duty, incorporating both a fixed-temperature
actuation within the range of 58°C to 88°C and rate-of-rise actuation. Recommended
for use in the majority of moderate temperature applications below 45°C where rapid
temperature increases are not normally experienced.
(b)
Type B
(blue
actuation
dot)—normal
within
the
range
temperature
duty,
incorporating
of
88°C
only.
58°C
to
a
fixed-temperature
Recommended
where
rapid
temperature increases are normally encountered and the maximum temperature does
not normally exceed 45°C.
(c)
Type C
(green
dot)—high
temperature
duty
incorporating
both
a
fixed-temperature
actuation within the range of 88°C to 132°C and rate-of-rise actuation. Recommended
for
use
in
high
temperature
applications
below
75°C
where
rapid
temperature
increases are not normally experienced.
(d)
Type D (red dot)—high temperature duty, incorporating a fixed-temperature actuation
within
the
range
of
88°C
to
132°C
only.
Recommended
where
rapid
temperature
increases are normally experienced and the maximum temperature does not normally
exceed 75°C.
(e)
Type E
(yellow
dot)—special
purpose
fixed
temperature.
Intended
to
provide
protection in areas that cannot be satisfactorily protected by Types A to D owing to
some
factor
associated
with
the
environment,
such
as
extremely
high
ambient
temperatures, severe corrosion, and the like.
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59
AS 1670.1—2004
NOTES:
1
Although Type A or Type C detectors are intended to protect the majority of areas, special
circumstances may prevent or interfere with their reliable operation. Such circumstances may
dictate
the
use
of
a
Type B,
Type D,
or
Type E
detector
manufactured
to
suit
the
special
environment.
2
Where detectors to
AS 7420.5 are used,
the
type that most
closely
matches
the categories
listed above detectors should be selected.
Table A2 defines the AS 7420.5 gradings. Detectors with a suffix S to their class do not
respond below the minimum static response temperature, applicable to their classification,
even
at
high
rates
of
rise
of
air
temperature.
incorporate a rate-of-rise characteristic,
which
Detectors
with
a
suffix
R
to
their
class
meets the response time requirements for
high rates of rise of air temperature even when starting at air temperatures substantially
below the typical application temperature.
TABLE
A2
AS 7420.5 HEAT DETECTOR CLASSIFICATION GRADINGS
Maximu m static
Typical
Maximu m
Minimu m static
application
application
response
response
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
temperature (°C)
A1
25
50
54
65
A2
25
50
54
70
B
40
65
69
85
C
55
80
84
100
Detector class
D
70
95
99
115
E
85
110
114
130
F
100
125
129
145
G
115
140
144
160
Table A3
describes
the
approximate
equivalent
AS 1603.1
TABLE
A3
and
AS 7420.5
heat
detector
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gradings.
AS 1603.1 AND AS 7420.5 HEAT DETECTOR GRADINGS
Approximate equivalent
AS 1603.1 type grading
A4
AS 7420.5 type grading
A (58ºC to 88ºC)
A1R, A2R, BR
B (58ºC to 88ºC)
A1S, A2S, BS
C (88ºC to 132ºC)
CR, DR, ER
D (88ºC to 132ºC)
CS, DS, ES
SMOKE DETECTORS OR SMOKE ALARMS
A4.1
General
All types of smoke detectors or smoke alarms depend for operation on combustion products
entering the sensing-chamber or light beam. Since the detectors are usually mounted on the
ceiling,
response
time
depends
upon
the
nature
of
the
fire.
A
hot
fire
will
drive
the
combustion products up to the ceiling rapidly. A slow smouldering fire produces little heat,
therefore the time for smoke to reach the detector will be increased. Flaming fires can burn
more
cleanly
and
the
thermal
turbulence
can
cause
dilution
reducing
the
response
by
photoelectric detectors, while a smouldering fire can cause a dense plume of smoke to reach
the detector causing a more rapid response to the fire.
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There
60
are
two
smoke-sensing
principles
commonly
used
for
smoke
detectors
or
smoke
alarms as follows:
(a)
Photoelectric
point-types
that
operate
on
the
scattering
or
absorption
of
light
by
smoke particles in a light beam. Photoelectric point-type smoke detectors or smoke
alarms respond quickly to smoke that is optically dense and are, therefore suitable for
general application.
(b)
Ionization point-type smoke detectors that operate on the change in current flowing
through an ionization chamber upon entry of smoke particles. Ionization point-type
smoke detectors or smoke alarms respond quickly to smoke containing small particles
normally produced by clean-burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense
smoke containing large particles, which may be produced by smouldering materials.
Photoelectric detectors shown to have a flat response (i.e., can respond to a wide range of
fire types) are preferred to ionization detectors due to environmental problems associated
with the disposal of the radioactive source in the ionization detectors. Detector response to
fires
may
be
further
improved
by
the
use
of
multi-sensor
detectors,
where
the
smoke
detection element in enhanced by a heat or other element. Ionization detectors should only
be used for special applications where photoelectric detectors or multi-sensor detectors are
unsuitable.
Detectors complying with AS 7420.7 are required to respond to a range of test fires that
include both optically dense particles and clean burning fire. Photoelectric detectors that
comply with AS 7420.7 are shown to have a wide range of response and are suitable for
general use. However, detectors complying with AS 1603.2 may also respond to a range of
fires.
Duct sampling units draw air from the duct to the smoke-sensing chamber.
The optical beam-type smoke detector will respond when the light path at the receiver is
obscured. It is important, therefore, that the light path be kept clear of obstacles at all times.
Optical
beam-type
detectors
are
effectively
linear
detectors
working
on
the
obscuration
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principle. Some beam detectors can also detect thermal turbulence by refraction of the beam
at turbulent interfaces between hot and cold air.
A4.2
Application
A4.2.1
General
Smoke
detectors
or
smoke
alarms
other
than
those
incorporating
heat
detection
do
not
readily detect burning alcohol and other clean-burning liquids that do not produce smoke
particles. This
may
not always be a disadvantage because a fire
will frequently involve
other combustible materials at an early stage. Multi-sensor detectors may be suitable for
such risks. Flame detectors should also be considered.
Where production or other processes are producing smoke or fumes that may trigger the
smoke detector or smoke alarms, an alternative type of detector should be considered.
Physical or electronic filtration of the air drawn through the sensing chamber of aspirating
detectors may reduce unwanted alarms caused by pollution and dust particles.
A4.2.2
Location considerations
Additional
smoke
detectors
or
smoke
alarms
may
be
required
in
special
circumstances.
Ceiling shape and surfaces, ceiling height, configuration of contents, burning characteristics
and ventilation are some of the factors that should be considered.
In
extreme
environments
the
selection
of
smoke
detector
or
smoke
alarms
should
be
confined to those capable of withstanding the environmental conditions.
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61
A4.2.3
AS 1670.1—2004
Ceiling surfaces
Some typical ceiling surfaces where the use of smoke detector or smoke alarms should be
evaluated are as follows:
(a)
Smooth ceiling
they
travel
Heated air and smoke usually rise. When they reach smooth ceilings,
along
the
ceiling.
As
these
products
flow
along
the
ceiling,
their
concentration decreases as the distance from the source increases.
(b)
Other ceilings
Where deep beams or other obstructions form pockets in the ceiling,
the products collect in the pocket and, if sufficient products are being generated, will
eventually ‘spill over’ into adjacent pockets.
Sawtooth, sloping, open joist, beam construction, or other shaped ceilings will need
to receive special consideration as smoke usually travels in a longitudinal direction at
the highest point.
(c)
High
ceilings
In
high
ceilings,
such
as
high
rack
storage
warehouses,
it
may
be
necessary to install detectors at more than one level to take advantage of the higher
concentrations near the floor to provide faster response. For atria-type constructions
smoke detection at several levels may be necessary because of stratification. Natural
or forced ventilation may affect the ability of smoke to reach detectors at high ceiling
levels.
A4.2.4
Stratification
Smoke released from slow burning or small fires may not be hot enough to penetrate the
normally heated air that collects at the ceiling. This is especially true in warehouses with
metal roofs and inadequate ventilation. During the day the air under the roof is heated by
the
sun,
and
a
thermal
barrier
exists,
which
prevents
warm
combustion
products
from
reaching the ceiling. The smoke will then stratify at a level beneath the ceiling. Generally at
night this condition will not exist. Detectors may be required at two levels; one group at the
ceiling level and another some distance below the ceiling.
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A4.2.5
Airflow
Smoke can be diluted by airflow caused by updraughts, open windows, forced ventilating
systems, or airconditioning systems.
It may be necessary to conduct air circulation observation tests in a room to ensure proper
placement of detectors.
For airconditioned facilities and other facilities where forced ventilation is present, it is
good practice to take advantage of air currents to transport smoke to a detector. However, in
such situations, smoke dilution and high airflow may cause the detector to respond slowly.
The
effects
of
airflow
on
the
detector
and
the movement
of
smoke
where
detectors
are
installed near air ducts and in airconditioned rooms may affect the location of the detectors.
A4.2.6
Ducts
Smoke detectors used for sensing smoke in air-handling ducts should be installed where the
best
sample
of
smoke
adequate response.
manufacturer’s
can
be
Installation
obtained.
of
recommendations
Air-sampling
air-sampling
and
tests
probes
should
be
probes
should
are
be
conducted
necessary
in
to
to
achieve
accordance
with the
ensure
satisfactory
sampling of the ducted air.
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AS 1670.1—2004
62
Special considerations
A4.2.7
The location of smoke detectors or smoke alarms should take into consideration areas where
false operation or non-operation is likely.
Some
typical
locations
where
the
use
of
smoke
detectors
or
smoke
alarms
should
be
carefully evaluated are as follows:
(a)
In
the
vicinity
of
certain
materials,
such
as
polyvinyl
chloride,
which
when
smouldering produce mainly large particles.
(b)
Areas
where
gases
may
be
present
from
exhausts
and
normal
manufacturing
processes.
(c)
(d)
Kitchens and other areas subject to cooking fumes.
Near openings, such as doors, windows,
or other inlets, where the introduction of
outside industrial gases or products of combustion may be possible.
(e)
Areas where the detector is subject to movement and excessive vibration, in particular
where beam-type smoke detectors are used.
(f)
Dusty areas or in areas where particulate matter, such as aerosols, could enter the
detector.
(g)
Areas subject to high velocity air current.
NOTE: A sampling type detection system may be more suitable.
(h)
In areas where high concentrations of tobacco smoke are expected.
(i)
In areas where steam or condensation vapour is expected.
A5
MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS
Multi-sensor
detectors
complying
with
AS 7240.15
may
performance
compared
to
sensor
detectors.
Where
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selected,
consideration
single
needs
to
be
given
to
the
way
the
provide
improved
multi-sensor
heat
sensor
detection
detectors
in
the
are
detector
influences the alarm condition decision and the test fires that the detector passed.
A6
ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS
A6.1
General
Aspirating
smoke
detection
systems
differ
from
point-type
smoke
detectors
in
that
they
operate in the high to very high sensitivity range. Aspirating systems are designed to detect
a slowly developing fire where the ignition source is likely to be overheated materials or
components and the fuel is likely to smoulder for a period of time before significant heat is
produced, a situation where there is perhaps minimal smoke.
The aspirating smoke detector may be many times more sensitive than the point-type smoke
detector, yet its false alarm rate may remain low. This apparent dichotomy comes from its
immunity to the major sources of false alarms dust, draughts and electrical interference.
This generally allows plenty of time for human intervention or automatic intervention by
the operation of warning systems or other ancillary control equipment.
A6.2
Detector principles
A6.2.1
Two
General
main
types
of
detector
technologies
are
used
in
aspirating
smoke
detectors,
as
described in Paragraphs 6.2.2 and 6.2.3.
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AS 1670.1—2004
Light scatter
A6.2.2
Light scatter is a stream of sampled air that is continually passed through a high-energy
focused
laser
light
source
within
the
detection
chamber.
This
light
is
scattered
by
any
smoke particles in the sample and the quantity of scattered light is analysed by a solid state
light receiver. The quantity of scattered light is proportional to the level of smoke pollution.
Smoke particles interfere with the light passing through the air in two ways. Depending on
the particle size and composition, some of the light is absorbed by the particles, and some is
reflected or scattered (smoke clouds appear white if most of the light is scattered and black
if
a
larger
proportion
is
absorbed).
Total
obscuration
is
the
effect
of
absorption
and
scattering. There is generally a very wide sensitivity range with aspirated systems, typically
in the range of 0.01% to 30% obs/m.
Light
scatter
systems
are
sensitive
to
smouldering
fires
and
particles
given
off
by
overloaded electrical cables and are, therefore, particularly useful where early warning is
required. They can be vulnerable to dust however, which is why most detectors incorporate
sophisticated filters and/or electronic dust rejection.
Particle counting
A6.2.3
Particle counting is a stream of sampled air that is continually drawn through a focused
laser
beam
and
light
scattered
from
each
relative to the number of particles that
systems are sensitive to smouldering
airflow
well regulated as
their
particle
is
measured.
This
provides
an
output
have traversed the laser beam. Particle counting
fires and overloaded cables but need to have their
output is proportional to the flow
rate.
Particle counting
systems are generally resistant to dust, but fibres seen ‘end on’ or large volumes of dust
may cause unwanted alarms.
A6.3
A6.3.1
There
Types
General
are
two
distinct
types
of
operating
systems,
as
described
in
Paragraphs A6.3.2
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and A6.3.3.
A6.3.2
2
Very high sensitivity (typically for up to 2000 m )
The air sample is drawn back through the pipe network to light scatter or particle counting
detectors. The level of signal received is related to the smoke density. These systems are
scaled either absolutely or relatively.
A
system
design
tool
is
used
to
verify
the
design
of
the
pipework
with
regard
to
the
contribution from each sampling hole (and hence the effective sensitivity at each point) and
the time taken for that sample to reach the detector.
A6.3.3
Normal sensitivity (typically for a similar coverage of a single point detector)
The air sample is drawn back through the
pipe network to
point-type detectors that
are
located in an enclosure positioned in an appropriate location.
Alarm smoke thresholds settings typically provide a single pre-alarm and a single alarm
function.
The
accumulation
of
dust
and
lint
on
the
screens
of
these
units
could
require
higher levels of maintenance.
A6.4
Pipe network and aggregation
Aspirated systems typically comprise a number of small-bore pipes laid out in the areas to
be protected with holes drilled at intervals in the length of pipe. Air is drawn into the pipe
using the suction pressure of a fan or air pump and drawn back to the detector for analysis.
On receipt of the smoke, sample alarms are generated and annunciated accordingly.
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AS 1670.1—2004
64
Capillary pipes or tubes may also be connected to the main trunk pipework to allow for
special applications, e.g., electrical cabinet sampling, concealed spaces, etc. Capillary tubes
are also used to connect the main trunk pipework to ceiling nozzles for applications that
require a more aesthetic appearance.
A
system
design
tool
is
used
to
verify
the
design
of
the
pipework
with
regard
to
the
contribution from each sampling hole (and hence the effective sensitivity at each point) and
the time taken for each sample to reach the detector.
The aspirating sample pipe network may be designed and installed to achieve varying levels
of sensitivity, for example,
(a)
normal sensitivity—considered the same sensitivity as normal point-type detectors;
and
(b)
high sensitivity—responding to smoke at concentrations of less than 0.1% obs/m.
The detector sensitivity is shared over the network of sampling points associated with it. If
an
aspirating
detector
signalled
an
alarm
when
the
smoke
density
within
it
reached
0.05% obs/m, when connected to a pipe network with 20 sampling holes, the mean system
sensitivity at each hole would be 1.0% (i.e., 0.05% × 20). This sensitivity is calculated on
the basis that smoke enters only one of the 20 holes. If the same density of smoke entered
two holes, the mean sensitivity would double. Normally, smoke will enter from more than
one sampling hole, in
effect
of
these
which case
systems
allows
system
smoke
sensitivity
from
a
will be very
number
of
high. The aggregation
sampling
points
to
be
drawn
through the detector and collectively the concentration is sufficient to raise an alarm.
A6.5
Flow sensing
All aspirating detection systems need to have some form of flow sensing capability. The
purpose of flow sensing is to detect if a blockage or a broken pipe (which would prevent
smoke from being sampled from the intended areas) has affected the air sampling pipework.
The normal flow conditions should be measured at the time of commissioning. Systems that
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have multiple flow sensors are able to provide better resolution and earlier detection of
reduction or increases in flow. Systems that provide flow sensing on a per pipe basis should
be preferred.
A6.6
Dust filters detection and rejection
Aspirating systems may be capable of removing lint and the majority of large dust particles
before the sampled air enters the detector, or may have some facility for dust rejection.
Some
systems
provide
dust
discrimination
within
their
software,
avoiding
false
alarms
caused by the dust particle entering the detection chamber. These measures reduce problems
caused by contamination and false alarms caused by high dust levels. One example of dust
rejection
is
by
causing
the
air
to
flow
or
move
through
a
labyrinth
of
relatively
large
apertures. The larger particles come into contact with the material of the filter and become
bonded;
smaller
particles
(such
as
those
in
smoke)
pass
through
with
no
measurable
reduction in concentration. Small proportions of the larger dust particles (in the order of
10 µm to 20 µm) do pass through. A large particle in the laser beam path can cause large
amounts of light scattering, which could be misinterpreted as a large smoke signal.
A6.7
Applications
In applications with high ceilings or roof areas such as aircraft hangars, warehouses and
atria a fire is likely to produce a smoke plume that dilutes rapidly as the smoke rises. Air
currents and stratification within the building would also affect the smoke plume. At high
levels, the smoke concentrations could be quite low and may not be sufficient to activate a
point
type
or
beam-type
smoke
detector.
Aspirating
systems
are
effective
in
detecting
smoke in areas with large open spaces.
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Aspirating
detection
systems
can
also
be
AS 1670.1—2004
used
in
adverse
environments
where
site
conditions cause unusual effects. Many diverse areas can be protected as hot air can be
cooled down, cold air warmed up, dusty air filtered, dirty air recognized as part of normal
operating conditions and contaminated air returned back to where it was sampled from.
Some examples are as follows:
(a)
Cold stores
Apart from the low temperature operating range for point type detectors,
the main problem in cold stores is from condensation and icing. These problems can
be avoided by the use of an aspirated system.
(b)
Invisible
installations
Some
applications
require
hidden
detection
because
of
aesthetics. Where concealment of pipe networks is a requirement, the main trunk pipe
sections can be hidden within the fabric of the building. Sampling points with smaller
bore flexible tube can then be used. These tubes are normally terminated with a very
small air-sampling nozzle. The air-sampling nozzle can also be fabricated to a design
and in a material that best enables concealment.
(c)
Dirty/dusty areas
These areas can be protected by the use of systems that contain
some form of dust recognition or dust filtering.
(d)
High airflow applications
In telecommunications facilities, computer rooms, clean
rooms, or any area where airconditioning maintains positive pressure, smoke often
becomes highly diluted and can be carried to the exhaust without ever reaching point
type detectors. High airflow applications can impair the sensitivity of ionization type
detectors, and, in some cases, cause nuisance alarms. The sensitivity
of aspirating
detectors is not affected in these environments.
A7
CARBON MONOXIDE FIRE DETECTORS
A7.1
General
For the purpose of this Appendix, the guidance and applications given apply to CO fire
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detectors complying with the requirements of AS 1603.14.
The CO fire detector sensor may have a limited service life because, as the sensor ages, it
may become less sensitive. Detectors should be maintained strictly in accordance with the
manufacturer’s requirements.
A7.2
Application
A7.2.1
General
CO
detectors
fire
are
suitable
for
a
broad
range
of
fire
detection
applications.
These
detectors may be better suited to applications where other smoke detection techniques are
prone to false alarms, e.g., dust, steam and cooking vapours.
CO
fire
detectors
react
promptly
to
slow
smouldering
fires
involving
carbonaceous
materials because CO does not solely depend on convection, but also moves by diffusion.
CO fire detectors may not be suitable for fires involving—
(a)
clean burning liquids;
(b)
PVC insulated cables;
(c)
combustible metals;
(d)
certain self-oxidizing chemicals; and
(e)
non-carbonaceous materials.
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66
Stratification
A7.2.2
CO fire detectors may be less affected by stratification.
Airflow
A7.2.3
Air movement does not significantly affect the response of the CO fire detector; however,
whilst CO gas has greater mobility than smoke, it can be diluted by ventilation systems and
hence the same considerations as for smoke detector or smoke alarms should be taken into
account.
Recirculating systems confined to a single room has little effect on dilution as this is similar
to the natural diffusion of the CO gas.
Ducts
A7.2.4
CO fire detectors are not considered suitable for use with duct sampling units due to CO
dilution.
A7.2.5
Special considerations
The location of CO fire detectors should take into account areas where false operation or
non-operation is likely.
Some typical locations where the use of CO fire detectors should be carefully evaluated are
as follows:
(a)
Areas
where
CO
gas
may
be
present
from
exhausts
and
normal
manufacturing
processes. Examples include car parks, car park return air plenums, loading docks.
(b)
Generally cigarette smoke will not have sufficient CO present to cause alarms even
though smoke may be clearly visible; however, in heavy smoking or incense burning
areas, the CO level should be measured before installing CO fire detectors.
(c)
Where the environment has a high level of film-forming mists that may block the
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diffusion barrier of the sensing element.
A8
FLAME DETECTORS
A8.1
General
Most
flame
ultraviolet
detectors
and
are
infra-red
optical,
radiation,
electronic
which
is
sensors
outside
tuned
the
to
visible
operate
solar
and
respond
spectrum.
There
to
is
commonality between ultraviolet and infra-red detectors in the following areas:
(a)
They are both ‘line-of-sight devices’. The input radiation has to be optically viewed
for the sensor to respond. A typical sensor cone of vision is ±45° measured from the
detector’s direct line of sight (tangent).
(b)
Radiation is transmitted at the speed of light, hence flame detectors are the preferred
detection
devices
for
early
warnings,
high
risk,
fire
extinguishing/explosion
suppressant systems.
(c)
Detectors are tuned to selected bandwidths. The sensors’ lens/bandpass filter allows
radiation
to
be
received
at
the
detector
power
received
is
proportional
only
at
the
selected
narrow
frequency
allocation.
(d)
Radiated
to
the
radiation
source
and
inversely
proportional to the distance squared.
Size of radiation source (pan fire)
=
Power radiated
Distance squared
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Thus
a
radiation
sensor
may
sense
a
AS 1670.1—2004
1 m
2
pan
fire
at
a
distance
of
10 m.
If
the
2
distance is increased to 20 m the pan fire will have to increase to 4 m . In practice
most radiation detectors are designed to detect modulated energy in a limited range of
frequencies
(typically
1 Hz
to
20 Hz).
Modulated
energy
does
not
follow
this
equation and therefore the performance of a radiation detector will not follow this
equation. Actual detector performance will vary according to the manufacturer and
the detection algorithms used.
A8.2
Radiation sources and inhibitors
A8.2.1
In
General
understanding
understand
not
the
only
differences
the
between
sources
of
the
detector
different
technologies
radiation
but
also
it
is
the
important
materials
to
and
circumstances that can inhibit the radiation source. Knowledge of the likely inhibitors on an
application is also important when designing a system.
A8.2.2
Radiation sources
The flame detector identifies the origin and the type of radiation that is emitted, whether it
is ultraviolet or infra-red. Looking at each source of radiation in turn, as follows:
(a)
and
infra-red
radiation.
combustion produces infra-red radiation, peaking
Fires
Fires
are
a
rich
source
of
ultraviolet
at 2.7 µm
and 4.3 µm
Hydrocarbon
within the
infra-red spectrum. The 4.3 µm (CO 2 spike/emission band) is caused by hot carbon
dioxide
metal
gases
fires,
emitted
which
are
during
the
hydrocarbon
non-organic,
produce
combustion
infra-red
at
process.
2.7 µm
Hydrogen
and
and
ultraviolet
at
0.1 µm to 0.35 µm but no infra-red radiation at the 4.3 µm peak used by infra-red
flame detectors.
(b)
Ambient temperature
Ambient temperature relates directly to infra-red radiation; all
objects with a temperature in excess of 0°Kelvin (−273°C) radiate infra-red energy
due
to
molecular
movement.
Ambient
temperature
values
and
the
ambient
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temperature profiles will vary for every detector location.
(c)
Black-body radiation
Black-body radiation is a heat energy, that emits radiation due
to a temperature differential between the source and its surroundings. Solar energy at
the earth’s surface contains little infra-red radiation at the infra-red 4.3 µm band due
to the atmospheric absorption in the CO 2 absorption emission band; however, solar
energy can heat objects that will radiate what is then termed black-body radiation at
4.3 µm.
(d)
Solar radiation
The sun radiates energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, and is
an enormous source of ultraviolet and infra-red radiation.
(e)
Metal
fires
In
general,
metal
fires
will
generate
ultraviolet
radiation
with
a
negligible amount of infra-red. Other non-carbon fires will also generate ultraviolet
radiation as follows:
Fire types
Ultraviolet
Infra-red
Hydrogen
Yes
No
Sulphur
Yes
No
Magnesium
Yes
No
Ammonia
Yes
No
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AS 1670.1—2004
(f)
68
X-ray and gamma radiation
These are fast particles travelling below the speed of
light. Both types of radiation have the ability to penetrate detector housings. With an
ultraviolet
detector,
this
radiation
may
cause
the
detector
to
function
in
a
manner
similar to that initiated by ultraviolet radiation. In some instances, this can give rise
to false alarms with ultraviolet detectors.
(g)
Lightning
Lightning,
the
richest
source
of
ultraviolet
radiation,
is
the
product
of
atmospheric disturbances and electrical storms. An electrical arc discharging to earth
can flash from cloud to cloud ionizing the atmosphere, the abundant ultraviolet will
trigger and activate sensors and initiate a series of false alarms. Detectors designed
for outdoor use are normally compensated with an internal time delay of 3 s or more,
to override the lightning time duration. This also clearly reduces the detector response
time.
(h)
Arc welding
Arc welding is a primary source of ultraviolet radiation. It is a frequent
source of unwanted alarms, caused by the initiation of an electric current discharging
to
produce
an
electric
arc.
The
arc
mechanism
produces
high
transient
switching
signals right across the frequency spectrum.
The
welded
area
reaches
temperatures
of
3500°C.
The
heated
metal
forms
a
secondary source of infra-red radiation. Infra-red detectors, although more immune to
false alarm from welding sources, can still give unwanted alarm indications if the
welding process is carried out in relatively close proximity to the detector and the
detector
does
not
include
other
mechanisms
to
protect
it
from
such
false
alarm
sources.
A8.2.3
Radiation inhibitors
There are external influences, whose presence can have a detrimental effect on the ability of
the
detector
to
flame
radiation.
These
items
are
chemical
vapours
and
gases,
known
as
inhibitors; they have the ability to absorb radiation. Their presence within the detectors’
cone of vision can nullify or reduce the input from fire radiation, rendering the detector
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inoperable. Likewise a soiled window lens, oil, mist, ice, water, or smoke will impair the
radiation signal to the line of sight device.
A8.3
Ultraviolet flame detection techniques
A8.3.1
Detection principles
Detectors that operate under the principle of ultraviolet detection have been in the market
place for about 30 years. Ultraviolet detection technology has probably not evolved as far
as
infra-red
detection
technology
that
still
applications
are
most
over
the
same
period
suited
to
ultraviolet
of
time.
detection,
Whilst
the
there
previous
are
some
discussion
highlights some limitations due to the fundamental principles of detection.
A8.3.2
Advantages
The advantages of ultraviolet flame detection methods are as follows:
(a)
Solar blind
The effect of ozone in the atmosphere of the earth is such that it absorbs
incidents
ultraviolet
of
radiation
from
the
sun.
Ozone
tends
to
absorb
ultraviolet
radiation of lower frequency and so ultraviolet flame detector transducers are able to
operate
in
an
area of the
waveband
where
there
is little
to
no ambient
ultraviolet
radiation present. The detectors are therefore inherently solar blind.
(b)
High temperature
The main advantage for detectors that utilize ultraviolet detection
principles is their resistance to giving false alarms for high temperature heat sources.
Special
ultraviolet
flame
detectors
that
can
operate
at
an
ambient
temperature
of
approximately 110°C, however, these special high temperature detectors are relatively
expensive.
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69
(c)
Metal-based
make
them
fires
Detection
suitable
for
the
principles
detection
of
AS 1670.1—2004
of
ultraviolet
both
flame
hydrocarbon
detection
fires
and
techniques
less
common
metal-based fires.
(d)
Fast operation
The detectors can operate very quickly, but the ability to do so may
increase the number of false alarms from the device. Unwanted alarms cost money
and can result in loss of confidence in the fire-detection system. The advantage of
speed
with
these
detectors
can
be
exploited,
if
precautions
are
taken
to
minimize
interference from external false alarm sources.
A8.3.3
Limitations
The limitations of ultraviolet flame detection methods are as follows:
(a)
False
alarm
welding,
sources
electrical
Ultraviolet
arcs,
X-rays
false alarms from
lightning
delay
in
processing
the
and
flame
detection
methods
and lightning.
Although it is
electrical
by
detector
arcs
circuitry,
the
are
inclusion
elimination
of
sensitive
to
arc
possible to eliminate
of
false
additional time
alarms
from
arc
welding and X-rays is much more difficult to achieve. The detector’s sensitivity to
these false alarm sources can be a significant problem.
(b)
Ultraviolet inhibitors
films,
heavy
smoke
The main inhibitors of ultraviolet propagation are oil mists or
or
hydrocarbon
vapour
and
water
films
or
ice.
All
of
these
phenomena can significantly reduce the intensity of the ultraviolet signal if present in
the flame detection path.
(c)
High
current
The
sensing
elements
used
by
ultraviolet
detection
methods
require
relatively high currents and thus it is not practical to design intrinsically safe variants.
(d)
Failure
modes
Ultraviolet
detectors
can
sometimes
have
characteristic
failure
modes. Ultraviolet detectors can become sensitive to ambient light or solar radiation,
or break into free oscillation (runaway). The detector tube can become insensitive or
the tube circuit can malfunction.
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(e)
High cost
The technology used in these detectors means that they are typically more
expensive than infra-red detectors.
A8.4
Single-channel infra-red detectors
A8.4.1
Detection principles
The combustion of hydrocarbons typically produces two main peaks at 2.7 µm (radiation
emitted by water vapour) and 4.3 µm (radiation emitted by CO 2 ). CO 2 in the atmosphere of
the earth absorbs infra-red radiation at this later frequency. Infra-red flame detectors can
respond to solar radiation permeating the earth’s atmosphere and it is therefore important
that infra-red flame detectors are designed to such an extent that they are completely solar
blind.
Non-hydrocarbon fires such as metals do not produce CO 2 in the combustion process. Such
fires are in general better suited to IR flame detectors operating at the 2.7 µm wavelength.
Infra-red flame detectors are often able to capitalize on an another phenomenon of fire, i.e.,
flicker. The determination of flame flicker allows an infra-red flame detector to reduce the
probability of giving a false alarm in the presence of black-body radiation. Although the
ability to determine the flicker characteristic is essential for an infra-red flame detector, it is
not enough on its own to reduce a detector’s ability to detect false alarms. Most singlechannel infra-red flame detectors detect flame flicker within a 1 Hz to 20 Hz waveband.
A8.4.2
Advantages
The advantages of single-channel flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Solar blind
Most single-channel infra-red detectors presently on the market are solar
blind, using filtering techniques.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(b)
70
Cost
Low cost single-channel devices are available, but have limited applications,
especially following recent developments in infra-red flame detection technology.
(c)
Reasonable false alarm immunity
Infra-red flame detectors are generally immune to
arc welding and X-rays. Flicker analysis reduces false alarms from steady black-body
sources.
(d)
Low current
Very low current detectors can be produced, which allow intrinsically
safe detectors to be produced.
Limitations
A8.4.3
The limitations of single-channel flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Solar
blindness
restricts
their
Some
use
to
single-channel
indoor
flame
environments,
detectors
where
are
there
is
not
solar
blind.
no
direct
sunlight
This
or
reflected sunlight in the optical path of the flame detector.
(b)
Black-body radiation
Single-channel infra-red detectors can be sensitive to black-
body radiation. The sensitivity of these devices can be influenced by the introduction
of
black-body
radiation
into
the
detector’s
field
of
view,
leading
to
possible
generation of false alarm conditions. Such sources could be from powered equipment,
that generate sufficient heat to cause the problem. Other conditions can arise from
human
or
other
movements
in
the
detectors
field
of
view.
The
normal
operating
principle is such that the detector responds to relative changes in infra-red, and thus a
large infra-red source that does not flicker may mask an IR source that does flicker.
Therefore, a real fire condition could be missed under these conditions.
(c)
Limited range
Single-channel infra-red detectors have a limited range. This range
can
restricted
be
further
by
the
introduction
of
contaminants
on
the
lens
typically
do
not
of
the
detector.
(d)
No
window
test
Single-channel
infra-red
flame
detectors
provide
any means of monitoring the lens clarity, and so the effectiveness of the detector may
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go unchecked between routine servicing.
A8.5
Ultraviolet/infra-red (single-channel) flame detectors
A8.5.1
Detection principles
Combining the technologies of single-channel ultraviolet and infra-red detection methods
can alleviate some of the problems, but combined sensors can still have limitations. Each
application
needs
to
analysed
so
that
the
best
available
detection
combination
can
be
selected. Ultraviolet/infra-red detectors contain two sensors and give an alarm only when
both ultraviolet and infra-red are detected, thus eliminating
many of the causes of false
alarms. Unfortunately, they are also blinded by everything that blinds either ultraviolet or
infra-red, and this results in reduced reliability.
A8.5.2
Advantage
The ultraviolet/infra-red sensors can result in the elimination of false alarms from a single
source,
whether
it
is
infra-red
or
ultraviolet,
thus
generating
fewer
false
alarms.
The
detectors can often have a number of pre-set configuration options to tailor the detector to
suit typical applications.
A8.5.3
Limitations
The limitations of ultraviolet/infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Complex system design
Application of the detectors requires careful consideration.
One must account for all the possibilities of single source excitation from false alarm
sources. Once these are established, it should be ensured that neither of these single
sources occurs at the same time. This may be difficult to predict.
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71
(b)
AS 1670.1—2004
High unwanted alarms in some applications
If the detector has to be programmed
not
presence
give
an
alarm
indication
because
of
the
of
a
ultraviolet
or
infra-red
source, the detector will tend to behave like a single-channel ultraviolet or infra-red
detector. For example, in an aircraft hangar where welding or X-rays are being used,
the ultraviolet sensitivity may have to be reduced to increase the reliability of the
detector. The action of reducing a detector’s ultraviolet sensitivity may induce the
device behave like a single-channel infra-red flame detector.
(c)
High cost
Detectors that employ both ultraviolet and infra-red sensing elements are
relatively expensive. This is mainly due to the ultraviolet sensing element.
(d)
Limited
range
The
maximum
flame
detection
range
of
the
devices
is
limited
by
single-channel infra-red technology. The range of a detector may have a significant
influence
on
the
number
of
devices
required
to
provide
an
area
with
adequate
coverage.
A8.6
Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors
Detection principles
A8.6.1
Single-channel infra-red flame detectors process the received signal to determine the flicker
content. Most flames flicker when they are burning, especially organic and hydrocarbonbased fires with a regular supply of oxygen. If the flicker content is caused by something
other
than
alarm.
In
with
an
a
genuine
fire
source,
the
order to
overcome
this
additional
infra-red
sensor.
single-channel
problem,
This
infra-red
detector
dual-channel infra-red
additional
sensor
is
may
detectors
tuned
to
a
give
are
a
false
designed
frequency
that
measures the background infra-red radiation level within a detector’s field of view. This
background
sensor
does
not
respond
to
CO 2
emission
band.
Using
signal-processing
techniques, the two signals are correlated and the device decides if a true alarm condition is
present.
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Typical parameters used in these dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Ratio of the reference sensor to the CO 2 emission band sensor.
(b)
Correlation between the sensors.
(c)
The relative amplitude of received signal from each sensor.
(d)
The flicker frequency of each sensor.
A8.6.2
Advantages
The advantages of ultraviolet infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Low unwanted alarms
These devices produce fewer false alarms than either single-
channel ultraviolet or infra-red detectors. Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are
generally immune to arc welding and X-rays. They are normally solar blind. Flicker
analysis reduces false alarms from steady black-body sources.
(b)
Low
power
detectors
Dual-channel
using
ultraviolet
infra-red
detectors
technology.
This
are
reduces
typically
lower
power
than
installation
costs
and
allows
technology
and
low
power
intrinsically safe variants to be produced.
(c)
Low
cost
The
absence
of
ultraviolet
detection
consumption enable lower cost detectors to be produced.
A8.6.3
Limitations
The limitations of ultraviolet/infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Detection range
The detection range is better than single-channel infra-red but not
as good as ultraviolet or triple infra-red.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(b)
72
Loss
of
sensitivity
(background)
in
sensor
some
may
applications
result
in
The
choice
difficulties
for
of
the
frequency
detector
for
to
the
second
determine
the
difference between hot background infra-red sources and relatively cold background
sources.
A
large
black-body
source,
which
does
not
flicker,
may
mask
source that does flicker. There is possibility that a real fire condition
a
may
smaller
not
be
detected under these conditions.
People in close proximity to the sensor can adversely affect detector performance.
The detector may interpret the natural heat of the body as an infra-red source. The
detector
may
also
detect
the
movement
of
people
as
a
flicker
characteristic.
The
overall result could be a false alarm condition.
The detector may interpret a very smoky fire, with a low flame content, as a large
black-body. A large black-body signal may swamp the CO 2 emission band sensor, and
the detector may fail to produce an alarm condition.
(c)
Metal and non-organic fires
Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are not suited
for the detection of metal or non-organic fires.
(d)
High temperature
Like other infra-red detectors, they are not suited for the extreme
temperatures that some ultraviolet sensors can operate in. Normal maximum continual
operating temperatures are between 70°C and 80°C.
A8.7
Triple-channel infra-red flame detectors
A8.7.1
Detection principles
Triple-channel
frequencies.
infra-red
One
sensor
detectors
monitors
monitor
the
CO 2
the
infra-red
emission
bands
spectrum
at
at
4.3 µm.
three
The
chosen
other
two
frequencies are used to monitor the background infra-red level. They are normally chosen at
frequencies on either side of the CO 2 emission band. The main objective of using the two
background frequencies on either side of the emission band is to allow the detector to more
accurately predict the amount of black-body radiation present in the field of view.
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The detector can account for the differences in hot and cold black-body radiation present —
a
function
that
cannot
be
accurately
predicted
by
dual-channel
infra-red
detectors.
The
detector can detect fires in the presence of black-body radiation. This can vary significantly
depending on the design of the detector. In particular some detectors may be less sensitive
to genuine fire conditions than others, particularly in the presence of black-body radiation
from a cold black-body. Using signal-processing techniques, the three signals are correlated
and the device decides if a true alarm condition is present.
Typical parameters used in triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Ratio of the reference sensors to the CO 2 emission band sensor.
(b)
Correlation between the sensors.
(c)
The relative amplitude of received signal from each sensor.
(d)
The flicker frequency of each sensor.
A8.7.2
Advantages
The advantages of triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Very low false alarms
These devices typically produce fewer false alarms than any
of the other detectors discussed. Triple-channel infra-red detectors are solar blind,
immune to arc welding and X-rays and generally provide much better performance in
the presence of both steady and modulating black-bodies, both hot and cold.
(b)
Longer
range
The
range
of
the
detector
is
increased
substantially.
This
normally
reduces the number of detectors required to give the necessary coverage for an area.
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(c)
Latest
technology
As
these
detectors
AS 1670.1—2004
tend
to
be
using
the
latest
microprocessor
technology, more self-checking and testing routines are included. The detectors can
thus
alert
the
control
system
to
an
increased
number
of
possible
detector
status
conditions, e.g., fire alarm, pre-alarm, electronics fault, dirty window fault.
The
new
detector
technologies
available
tend
to
have
increased
radio
frequency
interference protection to meet more stringent current and future requirements.
(d)
Low
power
and
cost
As
with
all
infra-red
detectors
these
devices
are
inherently
lower power and lower cost, which reduces overall installation costs.
A8.7.3
Limitations
The limitations of triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows:
(a)
Metal and non-organic fires
Triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are not suited
for the detection of metal or non-organic fires.
(b)
High temperature
Like other infra-red detectors, they are not suited to the extreme
temperatures that some ultraviolet sensors can operate in. Normal maximum continual
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operating temperatures are between 70°C and 80°C.
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AS 1670.1—2004
74
APPENDIX
B
FIRE RATED WIRING SYSTEMS
(Normative)
B1
PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO FIRE
All wiring systems required to have a protection against exposure to fire shall have a rating
of not less than 120 min. This rating is represented as WS5X.
B2
PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL DAMAGE
B2.1
General
Protection
against
mechanical
damage
shall
be
provided
in
accordance
with
Paragraphs B2.2 to B2.7. The areas indicated should not be considered as a rigid list to be
adhered to with no deviations, rather they should be considered as a guide to the types of
areas and causes of damage to be encountered. Details of ways to achieve the grade of
protection can be found in AS 3013.
B2.2
WSXX
Areas where physical damage is considered to be unlikely. Examples of these areas are—
(a)
masonry riser shafts with strictly limited access;
(b)
non-trafficable ceiling void areas;
(c)
inaccessible underfloor areas;
(d)
underground installation in accordance with AS/NZS 3000; and
(e)
internal domestic and office situations where cabling is mounted on walls at heights
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above 1.5 m.
B2.3
WSX1
Areas where physical damage by light impact is considered possible. Examples of these
areas are—
(a)
internal
domestic
or
office
situations
where
cable
access
to
is
mounted
on
walls
at
heights
below 1.5 m; and
(b)
trafficable
ceiling
void
areas
where
building
services
for
maintenance
purposes is required.
B2.4
WSX2
Areas
where
physical
damage
by
impact
from
manually
propelled
vehicles
is
possible.
Examples of these areas are—
(a)
passageways
and
storerooms
in
domestic,
office
and
commercial
locations
where
hand trucks and barrows may be used, and cables are mounted at a height of less than
1.5 m;
(b)
(c)
plant rooms where only minor equipment is installed; and
workshops where repair and maintenance, on small equipment and furniture or the
like, is carried out, and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m.
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B2.5
AS 1670.1—2004
WSX3
Areas where physical damage by impact from light vehicles is possible. Examples of these
areas are—
(a)
car parks and driveways where cars and other light vehicles are present and cables are
mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m; and
(b)
storage areas where manually operated devices such as pallet trucks may be operated
and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.5 m.
B2.6
WSX4
Areas where physical impact from vehicles with rigid frames or rigid objects, the weight of
which does not exceed 2.0 t, is possible. Examples of these areas are—
(a)
small delivery docks where the cabling is mounted below a height of 3.0 m;
(b)
warehouses with pallet storage up to 3.0 m and use of forklift trucks; and
(c)
heavy vehicle workshops.
B2.7
WSX5
Areas were physical damage from impact by laden vehicles or objects the laden weight of
which exceeds 2.0 t. Examples of these areas are—
(a)
loading and delivery docks;
(b)
fabrication and maintenance areas for medium to heavy engineering; and
(c)
large high pile storage warehouses with forklift trucks.
Where any WS cabling traverses areas of various protection requirements, and it is neither
viable
nor
practicable
to
change
the
degree
of
protection
at
the
transition
points,
the
installed cabling shall comply with the highest requirement of protection.
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B3
PROTECTION AGAINST HOSING WITH WATER
Where the
subsequent
wiring
hosing
system
with
is
required
water,
it
to
maintain
shall
have
its integrity
the
suffix
W
after
exposure to
appended
to
its
fire
and
rating,
e.g., WS5XW.
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AS 1670.1—2004
76
APPENDIX
C
EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
(Informative)
C1
C1.1
BATTERY CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
Typical I Q calculation
Unit current (mA)
Item
CIE (base)
Total current
Quantity
(mA)
200.0
1
200.0
AZF
20.0
6
120.0
ACF
20.0
2
40.0
Hard contact heat
0.0
60
0.0
Ionization smoke
0.01
50
0.5
Photoelectric smoke
0.1
40
4.0
IR flame
0.25
6
1.5
UV flame
2.0
2
4.0
180.0
4
720.0
20.0
2
40.0
Aircon relays
100.0
4
400.0
Electric locks
100.0
4
400.0
Detector:
Beam
Ancillary loads
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(normally energized):
Total I Q (mA)
Total I Q (A)
1930.0
1.93
NOTE: 1 Ampere (A) = 1000 milliamperes (mA)
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77
C1.2
AS 1670.1—2004
Typical I A calculation
All following alarm currents are the values in addition to any quiescent value.
Unit current
Item
(mA)
Total IQ
—
Sounders /strobes
Total current
Quantity
(mA)
—
1930.0
80.0
1
80.0
100.0
2
200.0
Evac interface relay
20.0
2
40.0
Alarm signalling equipment
20.0
1
20.0
300.0
2
600.0
1000.0
1
1000.0
AZFs
ACFs
Warning system
Gross I A (mA)
3870.0
Less loads that de-energize on alarm
Aircon relays
20.0
2
40
Electric locks
100.0
4
400.0
Total load in alarm, I A (mA)
3430.0
Total load in alarm, I A (A)
3.43
Required battery capacity at end of battery life
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therefore required new battery capacity
=
(I Q × 24 h) + F c (I A × 0.5 h)
=
(1.93 × 24) + 2(3.43 × 0.5)
=
65.63 Ah
=
65.63 × 1.25
=
82.04 Ah
Round up to nearest available battery
C2
PRIMARY POWER SOURCE CALCULATIONS
C2.1
Battery charger current calculation
Battery charger requirement
=
(see Clause 3.16.3(c))
Battery charging current required
e
is
battery
efficiency
nominated
charged
for
24 h
to
provide
5I Q + 0.5 I A
Ah requirement
Where
Battery
by
=
(5 × I Q ) + F c (0.5 × I A )
=
(5 × 1.93) + 2(0.5 × 3.43)
=
13.08 Ah
=
13.08
24 × e
=
0.68 A
the
battery
manufacturer
(say
0.8
for
this
example)
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AS 1670.1—2004
C2.2
78
Power supply requirement
Choose the greater of—
(a)
I A + non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads
Total current
Unit current
Item
(mA)
Quantity
(A)
—
—
3.43
50.0
4
0.20
IA
Non-battery-backed ancillary alarm
loads:
Door holders
3.63
OR
(b)
I Q + non-battery-backed quiescent loads
Total current
Unit current
Item
(mA)
IQ
—
Quantity
(A)
—
1.93
4
0.20
Non-battery-backed quiescent loads:
Door holders
50.0
2.13
Therefore the required power supply rating =
3.63A
Where the power supply is also used as the charger, the battery charger requirement has to
be added to the minimum power supply requirement to obtain the minimum power supply
rating.
If the power supply is used as the battery charger, the rating is:
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I A + battery charger current requirement
=
3.63A + 0.59A
=
4.22A
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79
APPENDIX
AS 1670.1—2004
D
FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS
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(Normative)
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AS 1670.1—2004
80
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FIGURE
FIGURE
D2
D1
TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DRAWING
TYPICAL ADDRESSABLE SINGLE LINE DRAWING
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81
APPENDIX
AS 1670.1—2004
E
COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT
(Informative)
THE FIRE DETECTION A ND ALARM SYSTEM
INSTALLED AT:
(Premises)
.................................................................................................................... .
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
Postcode .......................................................
Owner or Owner’s Authorized Agent ...................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... ...........
............................................................................................................................... ...........
Postcode .......................................................
NEW*
MODIFICATION TO SYSTEM*
ADDITION TO*
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(*Cross out those not applicable)
Date of commissioning tests
Name
and
address
of
..............................................................................................
commissioning
company,
company
stamp
or
company
(name
in
‘BLOCK LETTERS’) ...........................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................... ...........
............................................................................................................................... ...........
............................................................................................................................... ...........
Postcode .......................................................
Commissioning person
Name (print)
.................................................................................
Signature ......................................................................................
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AS 1670.1—2004
82
INSTRUCTIONS:
This form is to be used in conjunction with—
(a)
operator’s manual;
(b)
installer’s statement(s); and
(c)
‘as-installed’ drawings,
to
provide a complete
description of the
installed system and
its tested
performance at the
time of its commissioning into service.
SYSTEM INFORMATION
GENERAL
(a)
YES
Equipment
Equipment
has
been
designed
and
constructed
in
Equipment has been located, installed and interconnected
accordance with the relevant Standards.
(b)
Installation
in accordance with the system documentation.
(c)
Compatibility
All detectors and other devices used in the system are—
(i)
listed in the operator’s manual;
(ii)
compatible
with
the
relevant
parts
of
CIE,
particularly
that
the
permitted number of detectors and other devices for each circuit
is not exceeded;
(iii)
installed in an environment for which they are suitable;
(iv)
not
set
to
a
sensitivity
outside
that
prescribed
in
the
relevant
product Standard.
(d)
Alarm
zone
limitations
The
alarm
zone
limitations
in
Clause 2.4
of
The primary power source for the system has been provided in
AS 1670.1 are not exceeded.
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(e)
Primary power source
(i)
accordance with AS/NZS 3000.
(ii)
The isolating switch disconnects all active conductors.
(iii)
Five
operations
of
the
primary
power
source
switch
did
not
The secondary power source is of a suitable type and capacity
cause an alarm to be indicated on the system.
(f)
Secondary power source
(i)
complying with the requirements of Clause 3.16.2 of AS 1670.1.
(ii)
The
float
voltage,
charger
type
and
setting
is
correct
and
in
The battery voltage corresponds to
accordance with the battery manufacturer’s recommendation.
(g)
Battery temperature and voltage
that
specified
by
the
battery
manufacturer
for
the
temperature
measured after 24 h quiescent operation.
(h)
Alarm
zone
parameters
Each
alarm
zone
circuit
is
within
the
meet
equipment manufacturer’s specifications.
(i)
Wire-free
alarm
zones
Wire-free
actuating
device
parameters
the minimum parameters specified by the manufacturer, including that
the
receiver
responds
to
signals
from
an
actuating
device
for
alarm,
tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal when the
supervisory signal condition is absent.
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83
(j)
Operation
of
correctly
detect
fault
and
and
alarm
indicate
AS 1670.1—2004
signals
as
the
Fault
correct
and
alarm
alarm
conditions
zone,
operating
other required indicators, and operate relevant outputs of the CIE.
(k)
(l)
Mimic panel
All mimic panels, annunciators, etc., operate correctly.
Alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility of
Alarm zone controls
each alarm zone operates correctly.
(m)
Alarm
dependency
Alarm dependency
works correctly
and
does not
apply to devices listed in Clause 3.3 of AS 1670.1.
(n)
CIE
response
to
actuating
device
operation
Each
actuating
device
has operated when tested with a medium suitable for the device type
and the alarm has indicated on the FIP and at the tested device.
(o)
Fault response time
The response to a fault does not exceed 100 s
for each alarm zone circuit.
(p)
Alarm
been
response
tested
time
At
least
one
detector
and the response to the
in
each
alarm
alarm does not
zone
exceed
has
10 s
or
the period specified when dependency on more than one alarm signal
is used.
(q)
Supervisory signal response time
each
alarm
zone
circuit
has
At least one supervisory device in
been
tested
and
the
response
to
the
supervisory device does not exceed 100 s.
(r)
Alarm
acknowledgment
facility
Alarm
acknowledgement
facilities
operate in accordance with the requirements of Clause 3.2 AS 1670.1.
(s)
Occupant warning system
(i)
A fault signal is displayed at the CIE when the circuit wiring at
the last speaker or sounder is short or open circuited.
(ii)
Each
sounder/speaker
requirements
of
operates
Clause 3.22
of
in
accordance
AS 1670.1
and
a
with
record
the
of
the
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sound pressure level has been made.
(t)
The external alarm indication is visible from the main approach to the
building.
(u)
Manual call points
(i)
(ii)
Each manual call point operates correctly.
The
activation
of
manual
call
points
do
not
cause
existing
detector alarm indications to be extinguished.
(iii)
(v)
Manual call points are not subject to alarm dependency.
Smoke
and
fire
door
release
Each
door-release
device
operates
provide
adequate
correctly.
(w)
Flame detectors
(i)
The
number
and
type
of
flame
detectors
protection for the area.
(ii)
There are no ‘blind’ spots in the area protected.
(iii)
Detectors are rigidly fixed.
(iv)
Detector
lenses
are
clean
and
adequately
protected
from
and extraneous radiation sources.
(v)
Detectors respond to a flame or simulated flame source.
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AS 1670.1—2004
(x)
84
Multi-point aspirating smoke detectors
(i)
Response time of all sampling points meets the requirements of
AS 1670.1.
(y)
(ii)
Alarm settings and indicators operate correctly.
(iii)
Remote indication of alarm and fault signals operate correctly.
(iv)
Airflow failure indicator operates correctly.
(v)
System (signal) failure indicators operate correctly.
(vi)
Isolate and reset functions operate correctly.
(vii)
Alarm and fault test facilities operate correctly.
Duct
sampling
unit
The
alarm
indicator
is
clearly
visible
from
a
trafficable area and the duct air velocity exceeds the minimum velocity
specified
for
the
unit.
If not,
the
measured
differential
pressure
is
at
least the minimum specified for the unit.
(z)
Ancillary
control
functions
Each
ancillary
control
function
operates
Alarm signalling equipment initiates a fire
with the activation of associated alarm zones.
(aa)
Alarm signalling equipment
alarm signal to the monitoring service provider.
(bb)
Labelling
Alarm zone location is immediately apparent from the alarm
zone labelling.
DOCUMENTATION
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The following documentation is located in or adjacent to the FIP:
(a)
‘As-installed’ drawings.
(b)
CIE documentation required by AS 4428.1 or AS 7240.2.
(c)
Commissioning test report.
(d)
Installer’s statement in accordance with Appendix E of AS 1670.1.
(e)
A log complying with the requirements of Clause 7.3 of AS 1670.1.
(f)
Aspirating system design tool calculation.
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85
APPENDIX
AS 1670.1—2004
F
STANDARD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
(Normative)
1
Name of premises
2
Situated at
................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
3
I/We have installed in the above premises
an alteration to the system of
a system of
......................................................................
.................................................................................................
(Brand name)
4
The system is connected to the
................................ monitoring service provider
5
The system incorporates the following ancillary equipment: ....................................
.............................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................
6
The quiescent load of ancillary equipment is .........................................................
7
Primary power voltage and source ........................................................................
8
Secondary battery type and capacity
9
System maintenance agreement details ................................................................
10
Portion/s of premises not protected by this system ................................................
....................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
11
I/We hereby certify that:
(a)
the installation is complete and has been thoroughly tested.
(b)
the
system
is
installed
in
accordance
with
the
current
requirements
of
AS 1670.1*.
(c)
the system is installed in accordance with attached design specification*.
Except in regard to the following details*................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
which have been approved by
................................................................ (person)
of ................................................................................................... (organization)
* Strike out the words that are not applicable.
Location of fire indicator panel ………………………………………………………………
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AS 1670.1—2004
86
Zone of
Number and type of actuating devices
protection
Heat
Number
Fire
Flame
of
A larm
actuating
zone†
devices
Manual
call
A
B
C
D
E
Smoke
CO
IR
UV
point
Other
per
zone‡
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
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15
16
17
18
19
20
Total
Number
†
Add addressable loop number in brackets where applicable.
‡
Indicate with a number in brackets the number of actuating devices in concealed spaces.
Additional Information
Name
.......................................................................................................
..............................................................
Signature
..........................................
Company ...............................................................................
Date .........................
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87
AS 1670.1—2004
AMENDMENT CONTROL SHEET
AS 1670.1—2004
Amendment No. 1 ( 2005 )
REVISED TEXT
SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to the Preface, and Clauses 1.3, 1.4.8(a), 2.1, 3.22, 3.24.1, 3.24.3 and
3.24.4.
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Published on 26 November 2005.
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AS 1670.1—2004
88
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NOTES
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For further information
on Standards Australia visit us at
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under continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changing
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formulation of international Standards and that the latest international experience is incorporated in
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