lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Pdfcoffee - AS 1670 2004 Building Tech (Curtin University) Scan to open on Studocu Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) AS 1670.1—2004 Australian Standard ™ Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design, installation and commissioning Fire Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Part 1: Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee FP-002, Fire Detection, Warning, Control and Intercom Systems. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 2 March 2004. This Standard was published on 29 April 2004. The following are represented on Committee FP-002: Audio Engineering Society Australasian Fire Authorities Council Australian Building Codes Board Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Australian Industry Group Australian Institute of Building Surveyors Deafness Forum of Australia Department of Defence (Australia) Fire Protection Association Australia Institute of Security Executives National Electrical and Communications Association Property Council of Australia Scientific Services Laboratory A Business Unit of AGAL Keeping Standards up-to-date Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions Standards they are are may using published. also be a Between withdrawn. current Standard, It editions, amendments is important which should that may be issued. readers assure themselves include any amendments which may have been published since the Standard was purchased. Detailed information about Standards can be found by visiting the Standards Web Shop at www.standards.com.au and looking up the relevant Standard in the on-line catalogue. Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January each year, and the monthly magazine, The Global Standard, has a full listing of revisions and amendments published each month. Australian Australia Standards are TM and published other and products distributed and services developed under contract by SAI by Standards Global, which operates the Standards Web Shop. We also welcome encourage readers suggestions to notify for us improvement immediately in of our Standards, any apparent and especially inaccuracies or ambiguities. Contact us via email at mail@standards.org.au, or write to the Chief Executive, Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 02226. Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) Australian Standard ™ Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design, installation and commissioning Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Part 1: Fire Originated as part of AS CA15—1961. Previous edition AS 1670.1—1995. AS 1670.1—1995 and AS 1670.2—1997 revised, amalgamated and designated as AS 1670.1—2004. Reissued incorporating Amendment No. 1 (November 2005). COPYRIGHT © Standards Australia All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without permission of the publisher. Published by Standards Australia GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001, Australia ISBN 0 7337 5932 7 Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) the written lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 2 PREFACE This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP-002; Fire Detection, Warning, Control and Intercom Systems, to supersede AS 1670.1—1995, Fire detection, warning, intercom systems—System control Part 1: Fire, and and AS 1670.2—1997, Fire design, detection, installation warning, and commissioning, control and intercom systems—System design, installation and commissioning, Part 2: Local fire (which is being withdrawn). Its preparation is supported by AS 1603, Automatic fire detection and alarm systems, AS 4428, Control and indicating equipment, AS 7240, Fire detection and fire alarm systems and EN 54, Fire detection and fire alarm systems component Standards used in an automatic fire detection and alarm system and installed in accordance with this Standard. This Standard incorporates Amendment No. 1 ( November 2005 ). The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure or part thereof affected. This Standard will be referenced in the Building Code of Australia 2004, thereby superseding AS 1670.1—1995 and AS 1670.2—1997, which will be withdrawn 12 months from the date of publication of this Standard. For the first time this Standard permits the installation of specific components that comply A1 with ISO intends equipment to review Standards the (issued application of as AS Standards) existing and Australian EN 54. Committee FP-002 equipment Standards where International Standards exist. This will take effect five years after the publication of the Australian adoption of the International Standards. Smoke detectors, heat detectors, power supply units and control and indicating equipment Standards are expected to be among the A1 first to be reviewed. Other parts of AS 1603 for equipment for which no International Standard exists will remain current. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 This edition covers both monitored and local fire detection and alarm systems and also allows the use of smoke and heat alarms in some instances. Audible warning within the building now specifies signals conforming to ISO 7731, Ergonomics—Danger signals for work places—Auditory evacuation signal. The danger signals building may and have a ISO 8201, sound Acoustics; system for Audible emergency emergency purposes that complies with AS 1670.4, Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Sound systems and emergency warning intercom warning and systems system for emergency installation intercommunication purposes. requirements systems in AS 1670.4 specified buildings, in has replaced AS 2220.2, Part 2: Equipment the Emergency design and manufacture. The use of the strobes has replaced bells at the main entrance, which is now identified as the designated building entry point. The new term, designated site entry point, has been introduced for multi-building sites. Appendix A ‘Guidance for the selection of detectors’ assists in the design of fire detection and alarm systems. Appendices B and C provide guidance for the installation of wiring systems and calculation of power source capacity. The commissioning section encompasses Appendices E and F, which are report forms to indicate the installation content and its compliance with this Standard. Maintenance requirements for fire detection and alarm equipment are given in AS 1851, Maintenance of fire protection equipment. Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 3 The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have AS 1670.1—2004 been used in this Standard to define the application of the Appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ Appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ Appendix is only for information and guidance. This Standard incorporates commentary on some of the clauses. The commentary directly follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number and is printed in italics in a box. The commentary is for information only and does not need to be followed Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 for compliance with the Standard. Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 4 CONTENTS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 APPLICATION ........................................................................................................... 6 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 6 1.4 DEFINITIONS ............................................................................................................ 8 1.5 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES .................................... 10 SECTION 2 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2.1 COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................ 11 2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 12 2.3 DESIGNATED ENTRY POINT................................................................................ 12 2.4 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS ............................................................................... 13 2.5 ADDRESSABLE CIRCUITS .................................................................................... 15 2.6 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS....................................................................................... 16 SECTION 3 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS 3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 19 3.2 ALARM ACKNOWLEDGMENT FACILITY .......................................................... 19 3.3 DEPENDENCY ON MORE THAN ONE ALARM SIGNAL (ALARM Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 VERIFICATION FACILITY) ................................................................................... 19 3.4 ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING INSTALLATIONS ............................................... 20 3.5 MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS............................................ 20 3.6 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES.................................................................. 21 3.7 DETECTOR ALARM INDICATION ....................................................................... 21 3.8 EXTERNAL ALARM INDICATION ....................................................................... 22 3.9 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL ...................................................................................... 22 3.10 ZONE BLOCK PLAN ............................................................................................... 23 3.11 CO FIRE DETECTOR LABELLING ........................................................................ 23 3.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM ............................................................................... 23 3.13 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES ............................................................................... 24 3.14 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES .......................................................... 24 3.15 MANUAL CALL POINTS ........................................................................................ 24 3.16 POWER SOURCES................................................................................................... 24 3.17 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS ................................................. 26 3.18 REMOTE MONITORING......................................................................................... 26 3.19 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL ................................................. 27 3.20 SUBINDICATOR PANEL (SIP) ............................................................................... 27 3.21 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES .......................................................................... 27 3.22 OCCUPANT WARNING ......................................................................................... 27 3.23 WIRE-FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS ................................................................. 28 3.24 WIRING .................................................................................................................... 28 3.25 LOCATION OF DETECTORS ................................................................................. 30 3.26 LOCATIONS WHERE DETECTORS ARE NOT REQUIRED ................................ 34 3.27 FIRE BRIGADE PANEL .......................................................................................... 34 3.28 MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS............................................................................... 35 Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 5 AS 1670.1—2004 Page SECTION 4 HEAT DETECTORS 4.1 SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE HEAT DETECTORS.................... 36 4.2 LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS.................................................................................. 37 SECTION 5 SMOKE AND CO FIRE DETECTORS 5.1 SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE DETECTORS ............................... 42 5.2 MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS............................................ 45 SECTION 6 FLAME DETECTORS 6.1 LOCATION ............................................................................................................... 51 6.2 SPACING .................................................................................................................. 51 SECTION 7 COMMISSIONING 7.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................ 52 7.2 DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................. 54 7.3 LOG........................................................................................................................... 55 APPENDICES A GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS .......................................... 56 B FIRE RATED WIRING SYSTEMS ......................................................................... 74 C EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS ...................... 76 D FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS ........................................................................................ 79 E COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT ......................................................................... 81 F STANDARD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM ........................................................................................... 85 Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 6 STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Australian Standard Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design, installation and commissioning Part 1: S E C T I O N 1.1 1 Fire S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L SCOPE This Standard sets out requirements for the design, installation and commissioning of fire detection and alarm systems comprising components complying with the requirements of the appropriate product Standards. 1.2 APPLICATION All fire detection and alarm systems shall comply with the requirements of Section 2 and Section 3, with the additional requirements of Section 4, Section 5, or Section 6 according to the actuating device type, and the commissioning requirements of Section 7. Where a fire detection and alarm system is ancillary to an automatic fire suppression system, the detection and alarm system shall comply with the appropriate requirements of this Standard. This Standard requires that detection be provided throughout all areas of the building, Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 however, where systems are installed to solely meet the requirements of the BCA, detectors may only be required in certain nominated areas. 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS AS 1259 Acoustics—Sound level meters 1259.1 Non-integrating 1603 Automatic fire detection and alarm systems 1603.1 Part 1: Heat detectors 1603.2 Part 2: Point type smoke detectors 1603.3 Part 3: Heat alarms 1603.5 Part 5: Manual call points 1603.7 Part 7: Optical beam smoke detectors 1603.8 Part 8: Multi-point aspirated smoke detectors 1603.11 Part 11: Visual warning devices 1603.13 Part 13 Duct sampling units 1603.14 Part 14: Point type carbon monoxide (CO) fire detectors 1603.15 Part 15: Remote indicators 1668 The use of mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning in buildings 1668.1 Part 1: 1670 Fire Fire and smoke control in multi-compartment buildings detection, warning, control and intercom systems—System design, installation and commissioning 1670.3 Part 3: Monitoring network performance 1670.4 Part 4: Sound systems and intercom systems for emergency purposes Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 7 AS 1670.1—2004 AS 1851 Maintenance of fire protection equipment 1851.8 Part 8: 2053 Conduits and fittings for electrical installations Automatic fire detection and alarm systems 2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems 2118.1 Part 1: General requirements 2118.4 Part 4: Residential 2484 Fire—Glossary of terms 2484.2 Part 2: Fire protection and firefighting equipment 2659 Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment 2659.1 Part 1: 2706 Numerical values—Rounding and interpretation of limiting values 3786 Smoke alarms 4029 Stationary batteries—Lead-acid 4214 Gaseous fire extinguishing systems 4428 Fire detection, warning, control and intercom systems—Control and indicating 4428.0 Part 0: General requirements and test methods 4428.1 Part 1: Fire 4428.3 Part 3 Fire brigade panel 4428.5 Part 5: Power supply units 4428.6 Part 6: Alarm signalling equipment 4428.9 Part 9: Requirements for wire-free alarm zone circuits 7240 Fire detection and fire alarm systems 7240.2 Part 2: Control and indicating equipment 7240.4 Part 4: Power supply equipment 7240.5 Part 5: Point-type heat detectors 7240.6 Part 6: Carbon monoxide fire detectors 7240.7 Part 7: Point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light or 7240.15 Part 15: Point-type fire detectors incorporating a smoke sensor (using scattered Portable sound level meters equipment Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 A1 ionization light, transmitted light or ionization) in combination with a heat sensor 12239 Smoke alarms AS/ACIF S009 Installation Requirements for Customer Cabling AS/NZS 3000 3013 Electrical installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules) Electrical installations—Classification of the fire and mechanical performance of wiring systems 4130 Polyethylene (PE) pipes for pressure applications ISO 7731 Ergonomics—Danger signals for work places—Auditory danger signals 8201 Acoustics; Audible emergency evacuation signal EN 54 Fire detection and fire alarm systems 54-10 Flame detectors—Point detectors 54-11 Manual call points ABCB Building Code of Australia ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 1.4 8 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard, the definitions given in AS 2484.2, BCA and those below apply. 1.4.1 Adjacent Side-by-side but not necessarily touching. 1.4.2 Alarm acknowledgment facility That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) that provides a delay to allow an occupant to clear an unwanted detector activation before the activation is processed as a fire alarm. 1.4.3 Alarm signalling equipment That part of control and indicating equipment (CIE) designed to communicate alarm and fault signals and other information between a fire detection and alarm system and a monitoring service provider. 1.4.4 That Alarm verification facility part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) which provides an automatic resetting or equivalent function for alarm signals and only permits subsequent alarms to initiate occupant warning system, alarm signalling equipment or ancillary control functions. 1.4.5 Approval (approved) The granting of formal permission in relation to an application or proposal, with or without conditions, given by a body having statutory powers under an Act of Parliament or the Regulations of such an Act. 1.4.6 Contiguous Adjacent to, and mutually accessible. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 1.4.7 Corridor A narrow enclosed thoroughfare, other than a lift lobby, not exceeding 3.5 m in width, and not used for trade or storage purposes. 1.4.8 Cupboard An enclosure recessed into a wall or fixed to a wall, having a door or doors. A1 1.4.8(A) Customer cabling As defined by AS/ACIF S009. 1.4.9 Designated building entry point An entry point to a building which provides fire fighters with information identifying the location of the fire alarm. 1.4.10 An Designated site entry point entry point to a site which provides fire fighters with information identifying the location of the building from which the fire alarm originated. 1.4.11 Distributed system A fire detection and alarm system where sections of the control and indicating equipment are remotely located from the fire indicator panel (FIP) or where subindicator panel(s) (SIP(s)) communicate with a FIP. 1.4.12 Extra-low voltage That voltage defined in AS/ACIF S009. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 9 1.4.13 AS 1670.1—2004 Fire dispatch centre A centre operated by, or on behalf of a fire authority for the purposes of mobilizing and directing firefighting resources. 1.4.14 Level surface Any surface, roof, or ceiling with a slope of less than or equal to 1 in 20. 1.4.15 Low voltage That voltage defined in AS/NZS 3000. 1.4.16 Monitoring service provider An agency or organization that receives fire alarm system signals and transfers required signals to a fire dispatch centre. 1.4.17 Multi-sensor detector Detector incorporating sensors within one mechanical housing which responds to more than one physical phenomena of fire. 1.4.18 Occupied area An area that is readily accessible for occupation, transit or service. 1.4.19 Power supply That part of the control and indicating equipment (CIE) which supplies voltages necessary for operation of the CIE. 1.4.20 Protected area An area of a building equipped with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed in accordance with this Standard, or an approved automatic fire suppression system. 1.4.21 Protected building Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 A building equipped throughout with an automatic fire detection and alarm system installed in accordance with this Standard, or an approved automatic fire suppression system. 1.4.22 Separate cable path Cable paths that are separated so that an anticipated single event is unlikely to damage both cable paths. 1.4.23 Site A parcel or allotment of land containing one or more buildings under one ownership or management. 1.4.24 Sloping surface Any surface, roof, or ceiling with a slope greater than 1 in 20. 1.4.25 Sole occupancy unit As defined in the Building Code of Australia (BCA). 1.4.26 Supervised Monitored for fault conditions. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 1.5 10 INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFIED LIMITING VALUES For the purpose of assessing compliance with this Standard, the specified values herein shall be interpreted in accordance with the ‘rounding method’ described in AS 2706, that is, the observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the same number of Figures as in the specified limiting value and then compared with the specified limiting value. For example, for specified limiting values of 2.5, 2.50, and 2.500, the observed or calculated value would Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 be rounded respectively to the nearest 0.1, 0.01, 0.001. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 11 S E C T I O N 2.1 A1 2 AS 1670.1—2004 S Y S T E M C O N F I G U R A T I O N COMPONENTS System components shall be selected and located in order to achieve stable and reliable performance. Equipment shall be suitable for the environment in which it is to be located. If environmental conditions such as high temperature, dampness, dust, corrosion, vibration, shock, flammable atmosphere or explosive atmospheres may be experienced, the equipment shall be of a type complying with the appropriate Standard. NOTE: Evidence of suitability for equipment required by Items (a), (b), (d) and (e) of this Clause may be demonstrated by a current certificate issued by a product certification body that has been accredited by the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) or current Product Listing Data Sheet and listing entry in the Register of Fire Protection Equipment, as issued by CSIRO under its ActivFire Scheme. The components manufacturer’s in the system specifications and shall be any limits used in accordance specified in the with relevant the component product listing documentation. The components shall be shown to be compatible in the configuration as designed and installed. The minimum system shall comprise the following: (a) Fire detectors, smoke alarms and heat alarms selected to suit the particular hazard and risk to life or property, or both, complying with at least one of the following: (i) AS 7240.5 (point type heat detectors). (ii) AS 7240.6 (carbon-monoxide fire detectors). (iii) AS 7240.7 (point-type smoke detectors using scattered light, transmitted light Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 or ionization). (iv) AS 7240.15 (multi-sensor fire detectors). (v) AS 1603.1 (heat detectors). (vi) AS 1603.2 (point-type smoke detectors). (vii) AS 1603.3 (heat alarms). (viii) AS 1603.7 (optical beam smoke detectors). (ix) AS 1603.8 (multi-point aspirated smoke detectors). (x) AS 1603.13 (duct sampling units). (xi) AS 1603.14 (point-type carbon monoxide fire detectors). (xii) EN 54-10 (flame detectors—point detectors). (xiii) AS 12239 (smoke alarms). (xiv) AS 3786 (smoke alarms). NOTES: 1 The types of detector recommended for use in various locations are described in Appendix A. Care should be taken to avoid confusion in the selection of either smoke detectors and smoke alarms or heat detectors and heat alarms. 2 For wire-free alarm zone circuits, installers need to be aware of the possibility of the existence of neighbouring wire-free systems and select appropriate components to minimize the risk of interaction between systems. It is recommended that signal propagation and inband noise and signals are measured at the proposed receiver location(s) before installation to ensure that the system will be able to be operated within the manufacturer’s specified limits. (b) Control and indicating equipment (CIE) complying with AS 7240.2 or AS 4428.1 and associated power supplies complying AS 7240.4 or AS 4428.5 ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 A1 12 (c) A warning system as specified in Clause 3.22. (d) A manual call point complying with AS 1603.5 or type A (direct operation) of EN 54-11 (see Clause 3.15). (e) A strobe complying with AS 1603.11 (see Clause 3.8). 2.2 SEPARATION OF SYSTEMS The fire detection and alarm system shall be independent of any building monitoring and control systems, and the CIE shall be contained within its own enclosure(s). Interfacing to building monitoring and control systems is permitted but shall be limited to the CIE transmitting events and the CIE to receive requests to initiate an automatic test, where the CIE has this capability. Any requests from the building monitoring and control system (BMCS), or faults in the interface, shall not inhibit the normal operation of the CIE. Alarm and fault signals shall be displayed independently of the building monitoring and control system. NOTE: For a typical arrangement of a BMCS see Figure 2.1. All interfaces with any building monitoring and control system shall comply with AS/ACIF S009. Controls and indicators that form part of an associated systems, such as monitoring and control of— (a) fire suppression systems; (b) air handling systems; or (c) occupant warning systems as required by Clause 3.22; may be housed within the CIE enclosure, provided all such controls and indicators are Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 segregated from other control and indicating equipment. FIGURE 2.1 EXAMPLE OF INTERFACE WITH BUILDING MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM 2.3 2.3.1 DESIGNATED ENTRY POINT Designated building entry point A designated building entry point shall be identified for each building. The external alarm indication shall be in accordance with Clause 3.8. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 13 2.3.2 AS 1670.1—2004 Designated site entry point At least one designated site entry point is required where multiple buildings are monitored on a site unless each building is individually identified at the fire dispatch centre. Where physical barriers segregate a site, a separate designated site entry point shall be identified for each segregated area. Each designated site entry point shall only indicate buildings that are readily accessible from the designated site entry point by the firefighting vehicle. NOTE: On large sites advice from the firefighting service should be sought. The designated site entry point shall indicate the building(s) in alarm by one of the following: (a) Fire indicator panel (FIP). (b) Fire brigade panel. (c) Mimic panel. (d) Repeater panel. (e) Visible indication attached to the building. Such indication shall be clearly visible from the designated site entry point by the crew of a firefighting vehicle. A plan showing all buildings and vehicle routes on the site shall be at the designated site entry point. The designated building entry point shall be shown on the plan for all buildings associated with the designated site entry point. Only information relevant to the firefighting service shall be included on the plan. 2.4 ALARM ZONE LIMITATIONS An alarm zone shall be limited to no more than 2000 m 2 of contiguous floor area or 2000 m 2 of non-contiguous floor area with no entrances to adjacent areas being separated by more than 10 m and visible from each other. The longest dimension shall not exceed 100 m and shall be confined to one storey. Protected areas with no access from inside the building Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 shall be displayed as separate alarm zones from those having internal access. NOTE: For a typical example of zone allocation, see Figure 2.2. The maximum number of actuating devices in an alarm zone shall be limited by the CIE and, in any case, shall not exceed 40. A mezzanine level, open to and accessible from the storey with which it is associated, may be treated as part of the alarm zone for that storey, provided that the total protected area and the number of actuating devices required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified. Detectors protecting concealed spaces not exceeding 500 m 2 may be connected to the alarm zone on the same storey, provided that the total protected area and the number of detectors required do not exceed the alarm zone limits specified in this Standard. Detector remote indicators shall comply with the requirements of Clause 3.17. Zones may be subdivided, such that signals from individual devices, or groups of devices, may also be indicated at the CIE, thus providing more detailed information on the location of an event, in addition to the indication of the affected zone. Detectors displayed individually shall not be identified as separate alarm zones unless representing the only detector within an enclosure. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS 1670.1—2004 14 FIGURE 2.2 (in part) TYPICAL ZONE ALLOCATION FOR CONTIGUOUS AND NON-CONTIGUOUS AREAS Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 15 FIGURE 2.2 (in part) AS 1670.1—2004 TYPICAL ZONE ALLOCATION FOR CONTIGUOUS AND NON-CONTIGUOUS AREAS 2.5 ADDRESSABLE CIRCUITS Addressable circuits shall comply with the following: (a) (b) A single open circuit shall register as a fault. Any condition, including short or open circuit, that prevents the transmission of an alarm shall register as a fault on all affected alarm zones. (c) Any open or short circuit shall not disable more than 40 devices on the addressable circuit and in any case not more than one building. (d) An addressable 20 000 m 2 circuit serving more than 10 consecutive storeys or more than a floor area shall have two separate cable paths, each protected to not less than WSX2 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013. An addressable circuit shall serve not more than 1000 devices of any type, and shall be limited to one site. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 16 Where addressable systems are used to control other essential services such as a smoke hazard management system or a fire suppression system, the integrity and reliability of the addressable system shall be subject to any additional requirements of the relevant Standard. 2.6 DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 2.6.1 Subindicator panels Distributed systems using subindicator panels shall comply with the following: (a) The subindicator panel (SIP) shall be connected to the FIP as at least a separate alarm zone and be monitored for alarm, fault, isolate and power supply failure. The fault, isolate and power supply failure shall either be indicated separately or combined and indicated as a zone fault at the FIP. (b) SIPs shall only be connected directly to the FIP and not via any other SIP or distributed part of CIE unless the failure of an intermediate part does not prevent the transmission of an alarm to the FIP. Such failure shall indicate as a fault at the FIP. (c) The FIP indications of SIP events shall clear when they are reset or restored at the SIP. (d) Multiple SIPs mounted adjacent to each other and not individually identified at the FIP, shall be considered as a single SIP. (e) SIPs with a total of more than 250 devices shall be connected to the FIP using two separate signal paths. These signal paths shall be individually and suitably protected (see Clause 2.6.4). Duplicated paths are not required to be separated where run underground or protected to WSX3 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013. (f) Where multiple signal paths are used, a fault condition on one of the paths from the SIPs shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm on the other path. (g) Any signal path fault between the FIP and SIPs shall indicate as a fault at the FIP, and Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 where the SIPs have more than 250 devices shall also indicate at the SIPs. (h) A short circuit in the signal path or signal paths between the FIP and SIPs shall indicate as either a fault or an SIP alarm at the FIP. (i) An SIP shall be powered from the building in which it is located and shall be capable of stand-alone operation. NOTE: Typical connections between the FIP and the SIP are shown in Figure 2.3(a) and (b). 2.6.2 Distributed parts of CIE Distributed parts of CIE with a total of more than 40 devices shall be connected to the FIP using two separate signal paths. These signal paths shall be individually and suitably protected (see Clause 2.6.4). Duplicated paths are not required to be separated where run underground or protected to WSX3 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013. Power cabling to distributed parts of CIE shall have the same integrity and redundancy as that required for the signal paths to that CIE. The following applies to the signal paths or power supply paths between the FIP and other parts of CIE: (a) Any signal path fault, or power supply fault, shall indicate as a signal path and power supply fault respectively, at the FIP. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 17 (b) AS 1670.1—2004 A single signal path fault or a single power supply line fault shall not prevent the transmission of an alarm from more than 40 devices. NOTE: Typical connections between the FIP and the distributed parts of CIE are shown in Figure 2.4(a), (b). 2.6.3 Signal path fault indication Where required by Clauses 2.6.1 and 2.6.2, a fault in the signal path shall be indicated by a dedicated yellow/amber LED suitably labelled, or by the common fault LED, provided the nature of the fault can be determined by other means. The fault shall also indicate audibly Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 as per AS 4428.1 or AS 7240.2. FIGURE 2.3 SIP-BASED SYSTEMS ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS 1670.1—2004 18 FIGURE 2.6.4 2.4 DISTRIBUTED CIE SYSTEMS Signal path protection The signal paths shall be protected against mechanical damage to not less than WSX2 in accordance with AS/NZS 3013. Fire rated wiring systems shall be in accordance with Appendix B. Where installed underground, the signal path shall also comply with the requirements for underground wiring (see AS/ACIF S-009). Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 19 S E C T I O N 3.1 3 AS 1670.1—2004 I N S T A L L A T I O N R E Q U I R E M E N T S GENERAL Equipment shall be installed reliability. Equipment shall in be locations installed that so will that the not prejudice correct its performance performance is and maintained. Where the sensitivity of fire detectors can be varied, the sensitivity shall be set within the limits of the appropriate Standard. Access for servicing all equipment shall be provided. NOTES: 1 Where special installation recommendations should be arrangements are followed. is CIE required, required to the equipment manufacturer’s have a environmental minimum rating of IP30 but some hostile environments may need a higher rating. 2 Detectors that can be contaminated by construction works should not be fitted unless suitably protected until the construction works are completed. 3.2 ALARM ACKNOWLEDGMENT FACILITY Alarm acknowledgment facility shall comply with the following requirements: (a) Each alarm acknowledgment facility shall control only one sole occupancy unit. (b) The alarm acknowledgment facility control shall be located within the sole occupancy unit it serves. (c) Each detector shall have a visual alarm indicator. The alarm acknowledgment facility shall not be used known for its high in conjunction with an alarm verification facility or heat detectors. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 C3.2 Residential accommodation alarm acknowledgment facility is is primarily intended, levels where of unwanted normal alarms. activities within The the occupancy (e.g., cooking, smoking, aerosol spray and steam from the shower) may result in the unwanted actuation of a detector. The alarm acknowledgment facility provides the occupant with an opportunity and means to mitigate the effects of these unwanted alarms. An alarm acknowledgment period of 30 s is generally considered more than adequate for a single occupancy unit and should be considered to be the maximum delay for this type of application. An alarm clearance period of 90 s is considered appropriate for protected areas with normal levels of ventilation or accessibility. The alarm acknowledgment facility may have other applications, which need to be assessed on a case by case basis. 3.3 DEPENDENCY ON MORE THAN ONE ALARM SIGNAL (ALARM VERIFICATION FACILITY) Where dependency on more than one alarm signal is used, it shall comply with the alarm verification facility requirement for CIE complying with AS 4428.1 or the type A requirements for CIE complying with AS 7240.2. The following shall not be subject to dependency on more than one alarm signal: (a) Manual call points. (b) Subindicator panels. (c) Detectors used to activate fire suppression systems. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 20 (d) Detectors installed in hazardous areas. (e) Fire suppression systems. (f) Optical beam-type smoke detectors where a beam-interrupt fault overrides the alarm state. (g) Alarm zones containing fixed temperature (static) response heat detectors only. (h) Devices or equipment subject to other alarm confirmation methods, such as type B or type C dependency complying with AS 7240.2, dual zone operation or alarm detector alarm acknowledgement facility. (i) Detection verification algorithms that will cause a delay in the response of more than 60 s. (j) Detectors that may take more than 60 s to become functional after a reset. NOTE: Since the provision of alarm verification delays the initiation of an alarm signal, it is desirable that it only be provided where other efforts to eliminate unwanted alarm signals have been unsuccessful. 3.4 ALTERATIONS TO EXISTING INSTALLATIONS Alterations including to the existing installations re-calculation of shall power be supply thoroughly designed, requirements, to installed ensure that and there tested, are no detrimental effects to the existing installation and equipment. All parts of the installation and equipment, including detectors, shall be compatible, only used within equipment listing limitations and shall satisfactorily perform the required functions. Where existing wiring is required to be joined at the CIE, fixed terminal strips utilizing clamp-type connectors shall be used. Where these joints are made outside the CIE, they shall be housed in a suitable enclosure and labelled ‘FIRE ALARM’ in a contrasting colour Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 with lettering size of not less than 5 mm. The documentation required by Clause 7.2 and the zone block plan (see Clause 3.10) shall be revised to include the alterations (see Clause 3.24.6). 3.5 MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS The installation of aspirating smoke detectors shall comply with the following: (a) The installation and alignment of any part of the system shall be such that it can be easily maintained and the sampling point orientation does not jeopardize the long term reliability and performance of the system. (b) The spacing of sampling points shall not exceed the spacing requirements of single point-type smoke detectors given in Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6. (c) Sampling points shall not be painted or coated with any substance that will reduce the size of the opening. (d) System piping shall be free of burrs. (e) The location of the sampling point shall be marked in a contrasting colour. (f) Where non-metallic conduit is used for sampling systems and capillary tubes, it shall comply with the following: (i) Where subject to mechanical damage, it shall be of a type that has a mechanical strength equivalent to heavy-duty PVC conduit complying with AS 2053. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 21 (ii) Where not mechanical subject to strength AS 1670.1—2004 mechanical equivalent damage, to it shall be light-duty PVC conduit of a type that has complying a with AS 2053. (g) (iii) Installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3000. (iv) Joints shall be airtight and permanently bonded. All sampling pipes shall be coloured red, or have visible red markers at least 2 mm wide, longitudinally along the pipe length. The sampling pipes shall be marked with a word or words at intervals not exceeding 2 m, which describes the purpose such as ‘FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM—DO NOT PAINT’, in letters not less than 5 mm in height. (h) Capillary tubes used to branch from the main sampling pipe shall be fixed at both ends so that the joints have a withdrawal force of not less than 100 N. (i) The installed capillary tubes shall not reduce the airflow below the minimum designed requirements. Non metallic capillary tubes shall comply with AS/NZS 4130. (j) Where the capillary system tubes 2 1900 mm , with piping shall the be is concealed, clearly words the identifiable ‘FIRE air-sampling by a DETECTION labelled points plate SYSTEM—DO attached of not NOT to less the than PAINT’, in letters not less than 3 mm high. (k) Sampling points shall be not more than 600 mm or less than 25 mm from the ceiling. NOTE: The lower limit of the mounting position of the sampling point may be changed to suit individual applications as determined by smoke tests. 3.6 3.6.1 CONTROL OF ANCILLARY DEVICES General Circuits controlling ancillary devices shall be either electrically isolated, fuse protected or current-limited to prevent a fault on the external wiring from ancillary control facilities Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 inhibiting the operation of other CIE functions or the transmission of an alarm signal. 3.6.2 Each Fire suppression system activation ancillary control device circuit used to activate a fire suppression system shall be supervised for open or short circuit faults. Such faults shall cause the CIE to initiate an audible and visible fault indication. 3.7 DETECTOR ALARM INDICATION Individual alarm indication shall be provided for each detector and shall continue to indicate until the detector is reset except where the detector is required to be self resetting, e.g., smoke alarms, heat alarms or supply air detection associated with smoke management. Indication shall be provided by one of the following means: (a) An indicator integral with the detector (see Clause 3.25.1). (b) An indicator remote from the detector in accordance with Clause 3.17. (c) Individual alarm indication at the CIE. It is permissible for the detector alarm indicator to flash periodically, for example when the detector is polled by the CIE, provided that the alarm status of the indicator is clearly distinguishable from the normal or quiescent status. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 3.8 22 EXTERNAL ALARM INDICATION The system shall operate one red strobe light complying with AS 1603.11 to indicate a fire alarm. The strobe shall be located on the outside of the building, be visible from the main approach to the building and shall be as near as practicable to the designated building entry point. The word ‘FIRE’ shall be marked on or adjacent to the strobe in lettering not less than 25 mm in height on a contrasting background. The label shall be upright and clearly legible when the strobe is installed. The strobe shall be connected to a supervised output on the CIE. 3.9 FIRE INDICATOR PANEL 3.9.1 General For systems connected to a fire dispatch centre, the fire indicator panel shall be clearly visible and readily accessible within the designated building entry point or the fire control room. The designated building entry point shall be at the main entry to the building unless an alternative entry, that is acceptable to the firefighting service is used. For systems not connected to a fire dispatch centre, the FIP shall be in a secure position and be clearly visible and readily accessible for the authorized person or persons. Required visual indicators and controls shall be not less than 750 mm or more than 1850 mm from the floor. 3.9.2 Covering door Where the fire indicator panel is obscured by a door, then that door shall be marked in a contrasting colour to the general colour scheme with the words ‘FIRE PANEL’ in letters not less than 50 mm high. There shall be no other lettering on the door. The door shall not be lockable. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Where the door reduces the CIE sounder sound level below the CIE requirement, means shall be provided to give the required sound level outside the covering door. 3.9.3 Remote location Where the fire indicator panel is mounted in a remotely located control point acceptable to the regulatory authority, a mimic panel, repeater panel or fire brigade panel shall be installed at the designated building entry point. The mimic panel or repeater panel shall identify the location of the fire indicator panel. 3.9.4 Clearance A minimum clearance shall be maintained from the enclosure as shown in Figure 3.1 to provide access to the fire indicator panel. Fire fan control panel and sound systems for emergency purposes may be installed adjacent to the FIP. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 23 AS 1670.1—2004 DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETERES FIGURE 3.10 3.1 MINIMUM ENCLOSURE CLEARANCE ZONE BLOCK PLAN A block plan of the installation, with the position of the FIP clearly indicated, shall be securely mounted adjacent to the FIP, mimic panel, repeater panel and fire brigade panel. The block plan shall be in the form of a permanent diagram that is water resistant and fade resistant, and shall include— (a) the layout of the building in which the fire alarm system is installed; (b) the area covered by each zone; (c) fire brigade panel; (d) the location of the FIP and all subindicator panels (SIP), mimics and repeater panels; (e) the year of original installation and the date of the latest revision to the block plan; (f) the location of any other CIE, including sound systems and intercom systems for Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 emergency purposes; (g) the location of the fire fan control panel; (h) the location of any fire suppression system controls; and (i) notice advising, ‘In the event of a fire ring ‘000’ to ensure fire service response’. The block plan shall be displayed in the correct orientation of the building. 3.11 CO FIRE DETECTOR LABELLING Where CO fire immediately detectors adjacent to are the installed, FIP, a mimic clearly visible label shall be provided panel, repeater panel and fire brigade on or panel. Lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in a contrasting colour. The label shall contain the following text: (a) ‘NOTE: CO FIRE DETECTORS INSTALLED’. (b) In case of alarm, check area thoroughly. If no fire is apparent, check adjacent areas. (c) Special maintenance requirements apply. Test and service the detectors in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s specification. 3.12 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM The alarm output from the suppression system shall be a separate alarm zone at the CIE. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 24 Where the suppression system connection to the monitoring service provider is via the FIP, the signal path protection shall comply with AS/NZS 3013 designation WS51W, with the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard. Fire-rated systems shall be in accordance with Appendix B. 3.13 FLOW/PRESSURE SWITCHES Where flow switches or pressure switches, and the like, associated with suppression systems are used to initiate fire alarm signal at the CIE, each shall be treated as a separate alarm zone of the CIE. All circuit wiring to these devices shall be supervised. NOTE: Where the CIE does not provide adequate alarm delay facilities, the flow/pressure switches used should incorporate time delay devices to prevent false alarms due to surges in the water supply. 3.14 INTERMIXING OF ACTUATING DEVICES Intermixing of the various devices on one alarm zone circuit is permitted, provided that the devices are compatible. 3.15 MANUAL CALL POINTS A manual call point shall be installed in a clearly visible and readily accessible location inside the main entrance area of the building. It may be located on any CIE within this area. The operation of a manual call point shall not extinguish a previously lit detector indicator. Where manual call points are subject to outdoor weathering, they shall comply with the weathering test of AS 1603.5 or EN 54-11 as appropriate. 3.16 POWER SOURCES Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 3.16.1 The Primary power source CIE shall be energized by a reliable source of supply and shall be connected in accordance with AS/NZS 3000. The power source shall be either— (a) an a.c. supply from an electricity authority; or (b) a source equal in quality and reliability to Clause 3.16.1(a). The primary power source shall be capable of operating the system including the occupant warning system as per Clause 3.22(b). 3.16.2 Secondary power source The system shall be provided with a secondary power source that is capable of operating the system. The occupant warning system source shall as per Clause 3.22(b) should the primary power source fail. The secondary power consist of rechargeable stationary batteries, in accordance with the relevant part of AS 4029 compatible with the CIE. NOTE: Automotive-type batteries are not normally suitable for stationary battery use. Where the secondary power source is remote from the CIE enclosure, the secondary power source shall be protected for overload at the source. 3.16.3 Power source rating All devices, facilities or equipment, external or internal, that utilize the fire detection and alarm system power source in either quiescent or alarm state shall be considered in the calculations of the power source rating. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 25 AS 1670.1—2004 The sum of the worst case of the following loads shall not exceed the power supply unit rating of the CIE: (a) The total load of the CIE with five actuating devices in alarm state in each of two alarm zones or the quiescent load of the CIE, whichever is greater. (b) Two fire suppression systems in an activated state, or 20% of such connected systems, whichever is the greater, where they are powered from the CIE. (c) For power supply units complying with AS 4428.5, the maximum battery charger current required to charge the battery within 24 h from fully discharged condition, to a capacity capable of maintaining the system for 5 h in normal working condition (quiescent) and 30 min in alarm condition. NOTE: AS 7240.4 power supply equipment used in conjunction with control and indicating equipment complying with AS 7240.2 requires an equivalent, but different calculation. The requirement in AS 7240.4 will result in a maximum battery capacity being identified as part of the power supply equipment specification. 3.16.4 Battery capacity The capacity of the battery shall be such that in the event of failure of the primary power source the batteries shall (quiescent) condition for be at capable least 72 h, of maintaining after which the system sufficient in normal capacity shall working remain to operate two worst case alarm zones and associated ancillary control functions for 30 min. Where the power supply failure signal is externally monitored, the 72 h requirement may be reduced to 24 h. When calculating battery capacity, allowance shall be made for the expected loss of capacity over the useful life of the battery. A new battery shall be at least 125% of the calculated capacity requirements, based on a loss of 20% of its capacity over the useful life of the battery. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 The battery capacity requirement shall be determined as follows: (a) Determine the quiescent load current IQ. (b) Determine the alarm current IA. (c) Determine the capacity de-rating factor F c of the battery when discharged at the alarm load rate taking into account the minimum operating voltage of the connected CIE using the battery manufacturer’s data. Where more than one CIE is connected to the battery, use the highest minimum of any of the CIEs. A value of 2 for F C is deemed to satisfy these requirements. (d) The 20 h discharge battery capacity C20 at 15°C to 30°C shall be determined as follows: C 2 0 = 1.25[(I Q × T Q ) + F C (I A × T A )] where C20 = battery capacity in Ah at 20 h discharge rate IQ = total quiescent current TQ = quiescent standby power source time, (normally 24 h) FC = capacity de-rating factor IA = total current in alarm state TA = alarm load standby power source time (normally 0.5 h) 1.25 = compensation factor for expected battery deterioration Where the load may vary, the worst case average over required period shall be used. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 26 Where the average battery temperature is outside 15°C to 30°C the battery manufacturer’s data shall be used to determine any further compensation factor to be applied. NOTE: For typical battery capacity calculations see Appendix C. 3.16.5 Batteries and enclosure The battery enclosure shall be such that the batteries are readily accessible for inspection. For non-sealed batteries, the battery enclosure shall not be above the enclosure for the fire indicator panel. The connecting leads to the battery shall be clearly labelled to reduce the possibility of reverse connections to the battery. The battery shall not be tapped for intermediate voltages and all connections shall be made using suitable connectors. 3.16.6 Ancillary loads Ancillary control devices or isolation relays external to the CIE enclosure shall be installed within a protective enclosure and shall be marked or labelled with the words ‘FIRE ALARM SYSTEM’. NOTE: Normally energized ancillary loads, such as door holders, may be disconnected in the event of failure of the primary power source. 3.17 REMOTE INDICATORS FOR FIRE DETECTORS The remote indicator shall comply with the requirements of AS 1603.15. The remote indicator shall be labelled with the wording ‘FIRE ALARM’ and a location descriptor as required by AS 1603.15. The following location descriptions are typical Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 examples: (a) In roof. (b) In concealed space. (c) In cupboard. (d) In room. (e) Return air. (f) Supply air. Remote indicators for rooms, cupboards or similar shall be installed adjacent to the door giving access to the detector(s). Remote indicators for concealed spaces shall be installed in an accessible area as close as practicable to the detector. A common remote indicator for multiple detectors within a single room or sole occupancy unit may be used, provided that each detector has its own integral indicator. 3.18 REMOTE MONITORING 3.18.1 General Where required by the regulatory authority, the fire detection and alarm system shall be connected to a monitoring service provider. The fire alarm monitoring system shall comply with AS 1670.3. The system shall be configured such that smoke alarms or heat alarms, that only meet the requirements of AS 12239, AS 3786 or AS 1603.3 shall not initiate the transmission of a fire alarm to the fire dispatch centre. 3.18.2 Alarm signalling equipment Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with the requirements of AS 4428.6. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 27 3.18.3 Connection Wiring of a single path between the alarm carriage service provider’s point of AS 1670.1—2004 signal equipment and the telecommunication connection shall comply with AS/NZS 3013 with a minimum rating of WS51W, and the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined duplicated in AS/NZS 3013. and in separate Where cable connection paths, the to the minimum monitoring service rating be shall provider WSX1 and is the mechanical rating upgraded dependent on the hazard as defined in AS/NZS 3013. Fire-rated wiring systems shall be in accordance with Appendix B. 3.19 SMOKE AND FIRE DOOR RELEASE CONTROL Smoke detectors, CO fire detectors or smoke alarms shall be installed on either side of the door in line with the centre of the door opening no less than 300 mm and no more 1.5 m horizontal distance from the opening. NOTE: See Clause 3.25.1 for detectors required in egress paths. Smoke and fire doors held open by door hold-open devices shall close upon receipt of an alarm from the fire detection and alarm systems installed on either side of the door. Detectors installed to release fire and smoke doors on a single level and located within a common corridor may be connected to a single alarm zone. Non-latching manual release switches shall be provided for door hold-open devices and shall be visible and accessible with the door(s) in the open position. The release switch shall be labelled ‘DOOR RELEASE’ unless it is integral with the hold-open device. The lettering height shall be a minimum of 5 mm and in contrasting colour. Where more than one door panel is fitted to one opening, then one switch shall release all door panels. NOTE: In some situations a door release delay may be required to ensure the safe operation of the Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 door. 3.20 SUBINDICATOR PANEL (SIP) SIPs shall only serve areas on one level of a building unless— (a) that SIP serves the entire building; (b) all zones connected to the SIP are readily accessible without leaving the area served by the SIP; or (c) the location of each zone in alarm at the SIP can be identified at the designated building entry point. Where the SIP serves the entire building it shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for an FIP. If the SIP serves a specific area it shall be located at the main point of entry into that area. 3.21 VALVE MONITORING DEVICES Monitored valve indicators on a fire indicator panel shall be separate from fire alarm indicators and have a separate output signal from the CIE. All wiring to valve monitoring devices shall be supervised in accordance with the requirements of AS 2118. 3.22 OCCUPANT WARNING Occupant warning shall be provided to alert all building occupants to a fire alarm situation. The warning system shall be one of the following: ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (a) 28 A sound system for emergency purposes in accordance with AS 1670.4, initiated by the fire detection system. The fire alarm system shall monitor the sound system for fault signals required by AS 1670.4. (b) Electronic sounders, or amplified sound systems producing the evacuation signal (with or without verbal message). The evacuation signal shall operate simultaneously throughout the building. At all places where warning signals are conveyed to building occupants, the A-weighted sound pressure level during the ‘on’ phases of the audible emergency evacuation signal, measured with the time-weighting characteristic F (fast) (see AS 1259.1), shall comply with the following: (i) The requirements of ISO 8201. (ii) Exceed by a minimum of 10 dB the ambient sound pressure level averaged over a period of 60 s, not be less than 65 dB(A) and not more than 105 dB(A). These values shall be determined in accordance with AS 2659.1. NOTES: 1 It is recommended that the default evacuation signal complying with ISO 8201 consists of a uniformly increasing frequency during the 0.5 s on phase of the signal. Other signals may be more appropriate for use where the ambient noise will mask the signal. 2 Measurement should be taken in the normal standing positions on the floor of coverage. Additional A1 visual and tactile signals shall be provided to augment the audible emergency evacuation signal if the averaged A-weighted sound pressure level of the background noise is higher than 95 dB. The temporal pattern described in ISO 8201 shall be imposed on the visual and tactile emergency evacuation signals. If the audible minimum evacuation A-weighted signal sound is pressure intended level of to arouse the signal sleeping shall be occupants, 75 dB at the the bedhead, with all doors closed. NOTE: 75 dB(A) may not be adequate to awaken all sleeping occupants. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Where occupants, such as patients in hospital wards, must not be subject to possible stress imposed by loud noises, the sound pressure level and message content shall be arranged to provide warning for the staff and minimize patient trauma. The signal path to electronic sounders or speakers shall be supervised for open and short circuit conditions. 3.23 WIRE-FREE ALARM ZONE CIRCUITS Wire-free alarm zone circuits shall meet the requirements of AS 4428.9. 3.24 3.24.1 A1 WIRING General Customer cabling, including extra-low voltage power supply wiring of the fire detection and alarm system, shall be kept separate and distinct from all other systems and shall be in accordance with the requirements of AS/ACIF S009. The wiring of amplified sound systems described in Clause 3.22(b) is deemed to be customer cabling and shall meet the requirements of AS/ACIF S009. Externally energized circuits at voltages in excess of extra low voltage, except the power source for CIE, are not permitted to enter any CIE enclosure. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 29 AS 1670.1—2004 Where the various component parts of the CIE, including the power supply equipment and batteries, are installed in separate locations, they shall be connected so that the wiring is supervised. NOTES: 1 Where the fire detection and alarm system is used to control a smoke management system or a fire suppression system, additional consideration shall be given to cable integrity and reliability in excess of the requirements of Clause 3.24, in accordance with the requirements of the applicable Standard (e.g., AS 1668.1, AS 4214, AS 1670.4). 2 In areas prone to severe lightning activity, CIE may require additional surge protection to wiring external to the building. This may include lightning suppression systems associated with the general building wiring. 3.24.2 Telecommunications-type cables The use of telecommunications-type cables is only permitted— (a) between buildings; (b) mimic panels; (c) repeater panels; (d) annunciator panels; and (e) SIPs (see Clause 2.6). Where telecommunications-type network, the point of entry cabling shall be is taken not as segregated the from ‘building the telecommunications distributor’ and fire alarm terminations shall be grouped together and shall be suitably marked. 3.24.3 A1 Conductors Except where mineral-insulated metal-sheathed or telecommunication-type cables are used, all conductors shall be stranded and insulated. Two-core cables used for customer cables shall have a minimum cross-sectional area of 0.75 mm 2 for each conductor. Customer Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 cables having more than two cores shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.4 mm 2 for each conductor. The maximum voltage drop shall not cause any equipment to be operated at a voltage less than the minimum specified by the equipment manufacturer. Notwithstanding fibres are the above permitted requirements, provided that the other integrity communication of the methods installation is such as equivalent optical to the requirements of this Standard and such circuits are dedicated to the fire protection functions of a building. 3.24.4 A1 Cable colour The outer sheath of customer cables shall be coloured red or have permanent red markers of at least 25 mm in width, spaced at intervals of not more than 2 m along the cable length. The installation of each conductor shall be permanently coloured so that each conductor is readily identifiable at each termination. 3.24.5 Terminations Wiring to all actuating devices shall be supervised to the extent that removal of any device from the alarm zone circuit will cause a fault signal to be displayed for that alarm zone. NOTE: Where it is possible to detect the disconnection or removal of an actuating device without causing an open circuit fault, the incoming and outgoing cables of the same potential may be twisted together and secured under a common terminal. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 3.24.6 30 Joints Joints shall comply with the requirements of AS/ACIF S009, and the following: (a) Joints in conductors shall not be permitted except in runs in excess of 100 m. (b) Joints and terminations shall be reliably made in a terminal box located in an accessible space. (c) All terminal boxes shall be clearly identified on the ‘as-installed’ drawings. (d) Cables joined shall be appropriately marked within the terminal box. (e) The terminal box shall be marked ‘FIRE ALARM’ in a contrasting colour. (f) Flexible cords used to connect devices shall have clamps at each end to relieve the terminals of stress. Where cables need to be extended when equipment is being replaced or relocated it is acceptable to provide a terminal box adjacent to the existing location. 3.25 LOCATION OF DETECTORS 3.25.1 General For the purpose of this Clause, the location requirements for detectors shall also apply to smoke alarms and heat alarms. This Standard requires that detection be provided throughout all areas of the building; however, where systems are installed to meet the requirements of the BCA, detectors may only be required in certain nominated areas. Photoelectric smoke detectors, photoelectric smoke alarms or CO fire detectors shall be installed in all sleeping areas. CO detectors shall not be the only detectors in sole occupancy units. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Photoelectric smoke detectors or photoelectric smoke alarms shall be installed in all exits, passageways, corridors, hallways, or the like, that are part of a path of travel to an exit. C3.25.1 In situations where the use of smoke detectors or smoke alarms results in unwanted alarms, other approaches may be required. For example: (a) Relocation of the detector or alarm. (b) Use of other types of detectors or smoke alarms (see Appendix A). The use of heat detectors or heat alarms in lieu of required smoke detectors or smoke alarms is not recommended. (c) Use of dependency on more than one alarm signal or alarm acknowledgment facility. (d) In sole occupancy units the use of both a heat detector and smoke alarm. The following considerations shall apply in determining the location of detectors to be installed: (a) Where an area is divided into sections by walls, partitions, or storage racks, reaching within 300 mm of the ceiling (or the soffits of the joists where there is no ceiling), each section shall be treated as a room, and shall be protected. (b) A clear space of at least 300 mm radius, to a depth of 600 mm, shall be maintained from the detector or sampling point. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 31 AS 1670.1—2004 (c) Indicators shall be visible from the path of normal entry to the area. (d) Detectors shall be installed so that the ‘on’ or ‘off’ condition of the alarm indicator shall be discernible from a trafficable area. NOTE: Additional protection may be required where any special structural features or conditions exist. See Appendix A for guidance on the selection of detectors. Where detectors incorporating more than one sensor are installed and the detector is adjusted for use with one sensor, the most onerous installation requirements shall apply. 3.25.2 Accessible service tunnels Accessible service tunnels, not fire-isolated, that provide communication between buildings or sections thereof shall be protected, (see Clause 3.25.8). 3.25.3 Air-handling systems Each detector mounted in an air-handling system shall indicate as a separate alarm zone. Duct sampling units shall be used for monitoring air in ducts. Detectors installed in air-handling systems shall be provided with permanent indelible labels, stating zone designation, affixed adjacent to the detectors. Integral alarm indicators on smoke detectors located in air-handling systems shall be clearly visible. Where this condition cannot be met, remote indicators are required. Remote indicators shall be labelled appropriately (see Clause 3.17). Within air-handling systems not requiring compliance with AS 1668.1 detectors shall be provided in the following locations: (a) Return-air system Buildings with a return air-handling system serving more than one enclosure not provided with smoke detection within the occupied space shall have smoke detectors installed adjacent to the return/relief/economy air inlet or duct sampling units to sample air from the common return air inlets. NOTE: The effect of dilution may prevent operation of a common return air detector if smoke Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 is only entering the duct from a single return air grill. (b) Supply-air ducts Air-handling plant supplying air to more than one storey within the building shall have a smoke detector installed as close as practicable to the plant to detect smoke downstream from the supply air fan. NOTE: The building operation should of any shutdown detector the associated air-handling with the equipment air-handling to prevent systems the spread within of the smoke throughout the building. (c) Exhaust ducts vapours, lint Ducts material that and are the used like for shall exhausting have at least cooking one fumes, detector at flammable the furthest practicable downstream point of the duct. NOTE: Detectors for this application should be carefully selected to suit the environment so that unwanted alarms are minimized. A fully sealed heat detector would normally be used. 3.25.4 3.25.4.1 Concealed spaces General Protection shall be provided in all concealed spaces. Exemptions are provided in Clause 3.26. Access for maintenance of detectors in concealed spaces shall be provided. Where personnel entry to the concealed space is required the access dimensions shall be not less than 450 mm × 350 mm. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 32 Electrical equipment 3.25.4.2 Where a concealed space contains electrical lighting or power equipment that is fully within the concealed space, and is connected to an electrical supply in excess of extra low voltage, a detector shall be mounted on the ceiling of the concealed space within 1.5 m measured horizontally from the equipment. An exception to this is when light fittings are not rated above 100 W and power equipment with moving parts is not rated above 100 W and other power equipment is not rated above 500 W. For the purpose of this Standard, electrical wiring installed in accordance with AS/NZS 3000, and any enclosures of light fittings not deemed combustible which protrude into a false ceiling, are not regarded as electrical equipment. NOTE: The detector used in the protection of the equipment in concealed spaces does not necessarily constitute protection of the concealed space. 3.25.4.3 Remote indicators for fire detectors Remote indicators are not required where the detector location is indicated at the FIP or the concealed space is accessible and— (a) has a height exceeding 2 m and is trafficable by personnel; or (b) is beneath removable flooring (such as computer flooring). Where a detector is mounted under removable flooring such as in a computer room and the detector location is not indicated at the FIP, a label shall be affixed to the ceiling or ceiling grid immediately above the detector indicating the location of the detector below. 3.25.5 Cupboards Any cupboard that has a capacity exceeding 3 m 3 shall be protected. Cupboards divided by partitions or shelves into separate areas of less than 3 m 3 capacity do not require detectors. Cupboards containing electrical or electronic equipment having voltages greater than extra- Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 low voltage shall be protected internally if in excess of 1 m 3 (the requirements of Clause 3.25.1(b) need not apply). NOTE: For electrical cubicles not requiring protection, see Clause 3.26. 3.25.6 Intermediate horizontal surfaces Protection shall be provided under intermediate horizontal surfaces such as ducts, loading platforms, and storage racks in excess of 3.5 m in width and whose undersurface is in excess of 800 mm above the floor. Where the distance from the underside of the intermediate surface to the ceiling is less than 800 mm, the underside of the intermediate surface may be considered as the ceiling and does not require detectors above the intermediate surface. If the side of the duct or structure is in excess of 800 mm from the wall or other ducts or structures, detectors shall be provided at the highest accessible point on the ceiling. Where a concealed space is formed above or below the intermediate surface, such as ducts above false ceilings, Clause 3.26 shall apply. 3.25.7 Open grid ceilings Detectors may be omitted from the underside of open grid portions of the ceiling which have not less than two-thirds of the total ceiling area open to the free flow of air and have detectors installed on the ceiling above the open grid. Where any solid portion of the ceiling has a minimum be installed dimension in excess of 3.5 m, Clause 3.25.6 shall apply. Where flame detectors are used they shall above and below the open grid ceiling. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 33 AS 1670.1—2004 The space above the open grid ceiling shall be protected, if required by this Standard. 3.25.8 Restricted fire service access Where detectors are installed in areas to which fire service access is restricted, each area shall be a separate alarm zone, or have a suitably labelled remote indicator installed outside the entry to the area (see Figure 2.2). NOTE: Examples of restricted access may include the following locked areas: shops (in arcades, malls and plazas), vaults, strongrooms, lift motor rooms, lift shafts, cool rooms, freezers, cupboards and electrical switch rooms. 3.25.9 Sole occupancy units Alarm indication from each sole occupancy unit shall be— (a) (b) an individual identification at the FIP or SIP; or a common alarm zone indication at the FIP or SIP, provided that a clearly labelled remote indicator is provided adjacent to the entry to the single occupancy unit. Where a sole occupancy unit incorporating a sleeping area consists of one main room and water closet/shower/bathroom (which is not used for other purposes, e.g., laundry), it may be protected by one smoke detector, or smoke alarm located in the main room provided that 2 the total area of the whole unit is less than 50 m . The water closet/shower/bathroom and the ceiling space containing a fan coil unit (where installed) need not be protected. NOTE: The location of the detector should take into account airflows and airstream. CO fire detectors shall not be substituted for required smoke detectors or smoke alarms in SOUs. 3.25.10 Stairwells Photoelectric smoke detectors or photoelectric smoke alarms shall be installed within the stairwells at each floor level having access to the stairwell. 3.25.11 Transportable enclosures Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Any enclosure that is manufactured to be transportable, not used for the transport of goods, and utilized for storage or offices, located within the protected building and with an internal 3 volume greater than 10 m , shall be protected as if part of building. 3.25.12 Vertical shafts and openings Vertical risers, lift shafts, and similar openings between storeys, that exceed 0.1 m 2 in area shall be protected within the riser at the top as follows: (a) Where vertical shafts penetrate any storey and are not fire-isolated from other areas, a detector shall be located on the ceiling of each storey not more than 1.5 m horizontally distant from where the vertical shaft that penetrates the storey above. (b) Any ceiling that contains openings exceeding 9 m 2 and permitting free travel of fire between storeys shall have detectors located within 1.5 m of the edge of the opening, and spaced not more than 7.2 m apart around the perimeter of the opening. Such detectors may be regarded as part of the general protection for the area below the opening. If the opening is less than 0.5 m from a wall, no detectors are required between the wall and the opening. The requirements of Clause 3.25.1(b) need not apply. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 3.26 34 LOCATIONS WHERE DETECTORS ARE NOT REQUIRED Detectors are not required in the following locations: (a) Air locks—opening on both sides into protected areas, provided that they are less than 3.5 m 2 in area, do not contain electrical equipment, are not used for the storage of goods or for access to cupboards and are not used as washrooms. (b) Concealed spaces—as follows (see Clause 3.25.4): (i) Concealed spaces that are less than 800 mm high, do not contain electrical lighting and power equipment and are not used for storage. (ii) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and that are fire-isolated with a minimum fire-resistance level 60/30/–. (iii) Concealed spaces to which there is no access and that are less than 350 mm high, irrespective of construction. (iv) 3 Concealed spaces that are less than 3 m , do not contain electrical lighting and power and are not used for storage. (c) Open covered areas—verandas, balconies, colonnades, open-sided covered walkways, overhanging roof areas, and the like and not used for the storage of goods or as a car park. (d) Cupboards containing water heaters—if a cupboard, opening off a protected area is solely for the use of a water heater and does not exceed 3 m 3 in volume, protection is not required. (e) Exhaust ducts—in ducts exhausting from toilets, or rooms containing single ironing and laundry facilities. (f) Areas protected with a sprinkler system complying with AS 2118.1 or AS 2118.4— except as required by Clause 3.25.1. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (g) Sanitary spaces—any water closet or shower-recess or bathroom, with a floor area of less than 3.5 m (h) 2 and opening off a protected area. Skylights—as follows: 2 (i) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 1.5 m (ii) Installed in areas not requiring detection (such as sanitary spaces). (iii) That have less than 4.0 m 2 and not used for ventilation. area, have a recess height of not more than 800 mm and are not used for ventilation. (iv) With an opening on the ceiling of less than 0.15 m 2 (regardless whether used for ventilation or not). (i) Switchboards—any non-recessed or freestanding switchboard or switchboard cubicle protected by the normal protection of the area in which it is contained. 3.27 FIRE BRIGADE PANEL Where the CIE complying with AS 7240.2, is connected to the fire brigade dispatch centre, and does not have individual zone alarm indicators, it shall be provided with a fire brigade panel complying with AS 4428.3 and shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for an FIP specified in Clause 3.9. Where a fire brigade panel is installed as distributed CIE, the FIP is not required to be located at the designated building entry point. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 35 3.28 AS 1670.1—2004 MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS Where a multi-sensor detector complying with AS 7240.15 is installed and the smoke sensing element is disabled from the CIE at Access Level 2 (see AS 7240.2), detectors shall be installed in accordance with the requirements for heat detectors and comply with the sensitivity requirement of AS 7240.5 or AS 1603.1. Multi-sensor detectors shall be installed so that the correct performance is maintained. Where the detector response settings can be varied, these settings shall be set within the Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 limits specified in AS 7240.15. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 36 S E C T I O N 4.1 4.1.1 4 H E A T D E T E C T O R S SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE HEAT DETECTORS General Each detector shall be installed so that no part of the sensing element is less than 15 mm or more than 100 mm below the ceiling or roof. Where roof purlins inhibit the free flow of heat to the detector, the detector may be installed on the purlin provided that the sensing element is not further than 350 mm from the roof. NOTE: Infra-red scans of a building have shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to solar radiation. Therefore, to obtain effective fire detection, the detectors should be located below these pockets. Detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and 1.5 m of the highest point of the ceiling (see Figure 4.2); however, where the ceiling is constructed with beams or joists or a step less than 300 mm deep, the detector may be installed on the underside of the beam or joist. NOTES: 1 2 The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A. Where the height of the ceiling is greater than 6 m, it is recommended that a detector with greater sensitivity be considered. 4.1.2 Spacing between detectors for level surfaces For level surfaces, excluding corridors, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from any point on the ceiling of the protected area to the nearest detector does not exceed 5.1 m (see Figure 4.1). In addition, the distance between any detector and the nearest detector to it shall not exceed 7.2 m. For corridors the use of heat detectors or heat alarms is not permitted (see Clause 3.25.1). 2 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Where detectors are installed in an area of less than 100 m , the detectors may be installed in a staggered grid, provided that— (a) they are arranged within 3.6 m of the wall; (b) each wall has at least one detector located within 3.6 m; and (c) the detectors are within 7.2 m of each other in any direction. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 4.1 TYPICAL DETECTOR SPACING—LEVEL SURFACES Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 37 4.1.3 AS 1670.1—2004 Spacing of detectors for sloping surfaces This Clause applies to all sloping surfaces including curved surfaces such as barrel-vaulted ceilings. Detectors shall be installed between 500 mm and 1500 mm from the apex and spaced longitudinally at a maximum of 7.2 m between detectors. Lower rows of heat detector or heat alarms shall be no more than 7.2 m apart, measured horizontally from adjacent rows, the outside wall or partition. The spacing between heat detector or heat alarms within lower rows may extend to 14.4 m provided that the detectors are offset equally between the detectors on the adjacent rows (see Figure 4.2). 4.1.4 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed 3.6 m, or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 4.1). Detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air supply opening. 4.1.5 Reduced spacing For all types of heat detector or heat alarm, closer spacing may be required to take account of special structural characteristics of the protected area. In particular, the following requirements shall be observed: (a) Where the ceiling of the protected area is segmented by beams, joists, or ducts, and the vertical depth of such members is greater than 300 mm, spacing between detectors shall be reduced by 30% in the direction perpendicular to the direction of segmentation. (b) 4.1.6 2 The maximum coverage of AS 1603.1 Type E detectors shall be 9 m . Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 3.25.4 may be protected in accordance with Clauses 4.1.1 to 4.1.6, subject to the following exceptions: Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (a) Concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high shall have detectors spaced in accordance with Clauses 4.1.2 and 4.1.4. (b) For concealed downward spaces with level projections, such as upper beams surfaces and ducts less not than 2 m exceeding high and 300 mm having from the upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 10 m, and the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed 5 m. Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Clauses 4.1.2 and 4.1.5. (c) For concealed spaces with apices, the lowest row of detectors shall be located not more than 7.2 m measured horizontally towards the apex from a position where the vertical height, between the upper and lower surfaces of the space, is 800 mm (see Figure 4.2). 4.2 LINEAR HEAT DETECTORS Installations of linear heat detectors shall comply with the appropriate requirements of Clauses 4.1.2 to 4.1.5, and with the following requirements: (a) The maximum area covered by each linear heat detection device shall be in subject to accordance with the area limitation specified in Clause 2.4. (b) All linear heat detection circuits shall be installed so that they are not mechanical damage. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (c) 38 The heat-sensing portion of the linear heat detection circuit shall not be installed in more than one alarm zone unless adequate precautions are taken to prevent incorrect alarm zone identification and that a single fault does not affect more than one alarm zone. (d) Linear heat detection circuits shall be disposed throughout the protected area so that there is not more than 7.2 m between any two adjacent lines and within 3.6 m of any wall or partition. In the roof bays, there shall be a detection circuit for each apex, even though these apices may be less than 7.2 m apart. NOTE: See Appendix A, Paragraph A2. (e) Where the linear heat detector is made up of a number of individual elements, each Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 element shall be considered as a point-type detector for spacing purposes. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 39 AS 1670.1—2004 DIMENSIONS IN METRES NOTES: 1 Alternate rows offset. 2 Refer to Clause 4.1.6. 3 Apex detector should comply with Clause 4.1.3 and Figure 4.3. FIGURE 4.2 TYPICAL HEAT DETECTOR OR HEAT ALARM LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS 1670.1—2004 40 DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 4.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINEAR-TYPE DETECTORS Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 41 AS 1670.1—2004 DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 4.3 (in part) TYPICAL DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE AND LINEAR-TYPE DETECTORS ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 42 S E C T I O N 5 S M O K E A N D C O F I R E D E T E C T O R S 5.1 SPACING AND LOCATION OF POINT-TYPE DETECTORS 5.1.1 General The opening to the sensing element for ceiling-mounted point-type detectors shall be not less than 25 mm and normally not more than 300 mm below the ceiling, roof or apex. For ceiling heights between 4 m and 20 m, the sensing element shall not be more than 600 mm below the ceiling roof or apex. NOTES: 1 Where the location ceiling may or roof height require additional is more than engineering 20 m from the considerations of floor, the the detector type smoke plume and within the building environment. 2 Systems installed for asset protection may need engineering calculations to ensure that the detectors provide appropriate performance in risks with ceilings more than 15 m. CO fire detectors shall be installed in accordance with the spacing requirements for point type smoke detectors. NOTE: For guidance see also Appendix A. The maximum spacing and location of detectors shall comply with the requirements of Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6 and Figures 5.1 to 5.5. NOTE: The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A. Beam-type smoke detectors spaced in accordance with Figure 5.3 shall be mounted not less than 25 mm and not more than 600 mm below the ceiling or roof. Beam-type smoke detectors may be installed more than 600 mm below the ceiling, provided that the spacing between beams is reduced to half the mounting height of the beam above the floor. The Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 distance between beams shall not exceed 14 m. The maximum distance from any wall to the nearest beam shall not exceed half the distance between the beams. C5.1.1 The requirements for the reduced spacing of beam-type detectors has taken into account the likely spread of a smoke plume as a function of height. NOTES: 1 Care should be taken to ensure that beam receiver units are not exposed to strong light, especially direct sunlight. 2 Additional beam-type smoke detectors may be installed in vertical spaces, e.g., atria, at lower levels. 5.1.2 Spacing between detectors for level surfaces For level surfaces, detectors shall be arranged so that the distance from any point on the level surface Figures 5.1(a) of the protected and (b)). In area addition, to the the nearest distance detector between does any not exceed detector and 7.2 m, the (see nearest detector to it shall not exceed 10.2 m. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 43 AS 1670.1—2004 DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 5.1 TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR OR SMOKE ALARM SPACING— LEVEL SURFACES For beam-type smoke detectors, the distance between beams shall not exceed 14.4 m (see Figure 5.3). Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Aspirated systems shall be so arranged that sampling points have the same spacings as required for point-type detectors. 2 Where detectors are installed in an area of less than 200 m , the detectors may be installed in a staggered grid, provided that— (a) they are arranged within 5.1 m of the wall; (b) each wall has at least one detector located within 5.1 m; and (c) the detectors are within 10.2 m of each other in any direction. 5.1.3 Spacing between detectors for sloping surfaces This Clause applies to all sloping surfaces including curved surfaces such as barrel-vaulted ceilings. Detectors shall be installed between 0.5 m and 1.5 m from the apex and spaced longitudinally at a maximum of 10.2 m between detectors. Lower rows of smoke detectors shall be no more than 10.2 m apart, measured horizontally from adjacent rows, the outside wall or partition. The spacing between smoke detectors within lower rows may extend to 20.4 m provided that the detectors are offset equally between the detectors on the adjacent rows (see Figure 5.2). 5.1.4 Spacing from walls, partitions, or air supply openings The distance from the nearest row of detectors to any wall or partition shall not exceed 5.1 m or be less than 300 mm (see Figure 5.1(a)). For corridors, the distance between the end wall and the nearest detector shall not exceed 5.1 m (see Figure 5.1(b)). ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 44 Detectors other than beam-type detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm to any air-supply opening. Where ceiling fans are installed, CO fire detectors or smoke detectors other than beam-type detectors shall not be installed closer than 400 mm outside the circumference of the blades of the fan. 5.1.5 Areas of high airflows For areas of high airflow with mechanical ventilation, such as computer rooms and clean rooms, the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Table 5.1. TABLE 5.1 SMOKE DETECTOR SPACING BASED ON AIR CHANGE RATE Distance between Distance from walls detectors (m) or partitions (m) 15 − <20 7.2 3.6 20 − <30 6.0 3.0 30 − <60 4.8 2.4 > 60 3.6 1.8 Air changes per hour 5.1.6 Location of detectors on level surfaces with deep beams Where level surfaces are compartmented by structural features that could have the effect of restricting the free flow of smoke, the detectors shall be located so that early detection is ensured, subject (for point-type detectors) to the following (see Figure 5.5): (a) For areas with deep beam depth not exceeding 300 mm (see Area 1, Figure 5.5), the Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (b) For areas with ceiling height not exceeding 2 m and deep beam depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 2, Figure 5.5), the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (c) For areas with ceiling height greater than 2 m and not exceeding 4 m, deep beam depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 3, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area less than 2 4 m , detectors shall be mounted on the underside of the beams and spaced in accordance with Clause 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (d) For areas such as Item (c) above, where the interbeam area is equal to or greater than 2 4 m , at least one detector shall be placed in each interbeam area, and the spacing shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (e) For areas with ceiling heights equal to or greater than 4 m and deep beam depth 2 exceeding 300 mm (see Area 4, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area less than 9 m , detectors shall be mounted on the underside of the beams and spaced in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (f) For areas with ceiling heights equal to or greater than 4 m and deep beam depth exceeding 300 mm (see Area 4, Figure 5.5), and the interbeam area equal to or greater 2 than 9 m , detectors shall be placed in the interbeam areas and the spacing shall be in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 45 5.1.7 AS 1670.1—2004 Spacing in concealed spaces requiring protection Concealed spaces for which protection is required under Clause 3.25.1 shall be protected in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 to 5.1.6, subject to the following: (a) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces in excess of 2 m high, the detectors shall be spaced in accordance with Clauses 5.1.2 and 5.1.4. (b) For concealed spaces with level upper surfaces not exceeding 2 m high and having downward projections, such as beams and ducts not exceeding 300 mm from the upper surface of the space, the spacing between detectors shall not exceed 15 m, and the distance between any wall or partition to the nearest detector shall not exceed 10.2 m. Where downward projections exceed 300 mm, the spacing of detectors shall be in accordance with Clause 5.1.6(b). (c) For concealed spaces with apices, the lowest row of detectors shall be located not more than 10.2 m measured horizontally towards the apex from a position where the vertical height, between the upper and lower surfaces of the space, is 800 mm (see Figure 5.2). 5.2 MULTI-POINT ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS 5.2.1 General This Section does not apply to duct sampling units such as those described by AS 1603.13. A change in airflow of more than 20% through the sensing head or failure of the electronic functions of the system, which could cause the total alarm zone to be unprotected, shall be indicated both audibly and visually at the CIE. An aspirated smoke detector shall not cover an area greater than could be covered by a single alarm zone of point type detectors. For the purposes of assessing the requirements for remote indicators, aspirated detector sampling points within restricted access areas or sole occupancy units shall be treated as if Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 they were separate point type detectors. 5.2.2 System design The system shall comply with the following: (a) The number of air-sampling points within an enclosure shall have an aggregate sensitivity equal to or greater than a single point-type smoke detector that could be used to cover the same area. (b) The sensitivity required in this Clause shall be the static sensitivity as determined by the design tool specified in AS 1603.8. (c) The power sensing supply heads, for an indicators aspirated and smoke similar) detector shall system comply with (including the air pumps, requirements of AS 4428.5 and the functions specified in AS 4428.1, or the relevant requirements of AS 7240.4. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS 1670.1—2004 46 DIMENSIONS IN METRES NOTES: 1 Alternate rows offset. 2 Refer to Clause 5.1.7. 3 Apex detector should comply with Clause 5.1.3 and Figure 5.3. FIGURE 5.2 TYPICAL POINT-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS FOR SLOPING SURFACES Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 47 FIGURE 5.3 AS 1670.1—2004 TYPICAL BEAM-TYPE SMOKE DETECTOR LOCATIONS ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS 1670.1—2004 48 DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 5.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 49 AS 1670.1—2004 NOTES: 1 X = 10 000 for point and sampling tube type detectors. X = 14 000 for optical beam-type detectors. Y = For ceiling heights between 4 m and 20 m, detection sensing element should be between 25 mm and 600 mm below the ceiling. 2 Infra-red scan of a building has shown heat pockets at apices of roof structures due to solar radiation; therefore, to obtain effective fire detection the detector should be located below these pockets. DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 5.4 (in part) TYPICAL SMOKE DETECTOR (POINT-TYPE, BEAM-TYPE AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS) LOCATIONS AT APEX OF CEILING, ROOF OR SURFACE ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 50 FIGURE 5.5 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR POINT-TYPE DETECTORS Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS IN STRUCTURES WITH DEEP BEAMS Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 51 S E C T I O N 6.1 6 F L A M E AS 1670.1—2004 D E T E C T O R S LOCATION Flame detectors shall be located so that their field of view is not blocked by structural members of buildings or other objects. Flame detectors placed in environments likely to lead to the depositing of particles on the lens, appropriate baffles or purging equipment shall be fitted to ensure that the detector’s sensitivity is retained between service periods. 6.2 SPACING Detectors shall be spaced to ensure that the risk areas are protected with a minimum of shadowing or blind spots. Where significant unprotected areas exist because of the presence of objects such as aircraft, equipment, or storage racks, additional detectors to cover these areas shall be installed. NOTE: The operating principles of flame detectors (infra-red or ultraviolet) need to be understood to enable the correct selection and location of a particular device to suit the risk and the level of protection required. Particular attention has to be given to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the type of detector selected. The type of detector for use in various Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 locations is described in Appendix A. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 52 S E C T I O N 7.1 7 C O M M I S S I O N I N G GENERAL On completion of the installation of a new fire detection and alarm system and those parts of existing installations affected by modifications or additions, the system shall be commissioned in accordance with the following requirements. NOTE: An example of a commissioning test report as shown in Appendix E. (a) Equipment Check that equipment has been designed and constructed in accordance with the relevant equipment Standards. (b) Installation Check that the equipment has been located, installed and interconnected in accordance with the system documentation. (c) Compatibility Check that all detectors and other devices used in the system are— (i) listed in the operator’s manual; (ii) compatible with the relevant parts of CIE, particularly ensure that the permitted number of detectors and other devices for each circuit is not exceeded; (iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable; and (iv) not set to a sensitivity outside that prescribed in the relevant product Standard. NOTE:The type of detector for use in various locations is described in Appendix A. (d) Alarm zone limitations Check that the alarm zone limitations in Clause 2.4 are not exceeded. (e) Primary power source (i) Check that— the primary power source for the system has been provided in accordance with Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 AS/NZS 3000; (ii) the isolating switch disconnects all active conductors; and (iii) five operations of the primary power source switch does not cause an alarm to be indicated on the system. (f) Secondary power source (i) Check that— the secondary power source is a suitable type and capacity complying with the requirements of Clause 3.16.2; and (ii) the float voltage, charger type and setting is correct and in accordance with the battery manufacturer’s recommendation. (g) Battery temperature and voltage Allow the system to operate in the quiescent state for a period of not less than 24 h. At the end of this period measure the temperature of the battery space. Check that the battery voltage corresponds to that specified by the battery manufacturer for the measured temperature. (h) Alarm zone parameters Measure alarm zone circuit parameters specified in the manufacturer’s instructions and check that each is within the equipment specification. NOTE: Where the connected equipment could be damaged by the insulation resistance or other tests, other appropriate tests to ensure that the wiring is satisfactory should be applied. (i) Wire-free alarm zones minimum parameters Check that specified by wire-free the actuating manufacturer, device parameters meet including that the the receiver responds to alarm, tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal when the supervisory signal condition is absent. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 53 (j) Operation of fault and alarm signals AS 1670.1—2004 Open-circuit and short-circuit the ‘end-of-line device’ on each alarm zone circuit, or conduct other appropriate tests to check that fault and alarm conditions correctly detected and indicated as the correct alarm zone, operating other required indicators, and operates relevant outputs of the CIE. (k) Mimic panel Check the correct operation of all mimic panels, annunciators, and the like. (l) Alarm zone controls Operate each alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility provided for each alarm zone to check for correct operation. (m) Alarm dependency Check the correct implementation of the dependency on more than one alarm signal, in accordance with Clause 3.3. (n) CIE response to actuating device operation Check that each actuating device operates when tested with a medium suitable for the device type and that the alarm has indicated on the correct alarm zone at the FIP and, if applicable, at the tested device. (o) Fault response time Test each alarm zone circuit and check that the response to a fault does not exceed 100 s. (p) Alarm response time that the response to Test at least one detector in each alarm zone circuit and check the alarm does not exceed 10 s or the period specified when dependency on more than one alarm signal is used. (q) Supervisory signal response time Test at least one supervisory device in each alarm zone circuit and check that the response to the supervisory device does not exceed 100 s. (r) Alarm acknowledgement facility Check that any alarm acknowledgement facility operates correctly, in accordance with Clause 3.2. (s) Occupant warning system— Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (i) (ii) check that the building occupant warning system operates correctly; and record that the sound pressure level meets requirements of Clause 3.22 at the least favourable location in each normally occupied area. (t) External alarm indication Check that the external alarm indication is visible from the main approach to the building and is adjacent to designated building entry point. (u) Manual call points (i) (ii) Check— the correct operation of each manual call point; that the activation of manual call points on the same circuit as other actuating devices does not cause existing detector alarm indications to be extinguished; and (iii) that manual call points are not subjected to alarm dependency. (v) Smoke and fire door release (w) Flame detectors (i) Check the operation of each device. Check that— the number and type of detectors provide adequate protection of the area; (ii) there are no ‘blind’ spots in areas protected; (iii) detectors are rigidly fixed; (iv) detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from dust and extraneous radiation sources; and (v) the detector responds to a flame source or simulated flame. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (x) 54 Multi-point aspirating smoke detectors (i) Measure and record the Check the following: response time of all sampling points using a test medium, placed at each sampling point. (y) (ii) The operation of alarm settings and indicators. (iii) The operation of remote indication of alarm and fault signals. (iv) The operation of airflow failure indicators. (v) The operation of the system (signal) failure indicators. (vi) The isolate and reset functions. (vii) The fault and alarm test facilities. Duct sampling unit Check that— (i) the alarm indicator is clearly visible from a trafficable area; (ii) the duct air velocity exceeds the minimum velocity specified for the unit; and (iii) if the velocity does not exceed the minium specified for the unit, the measured differential pressure is at least the minimum specified for the unit. (z) Ancillary control functions Test each ancillary function by operating the alarm zone facility or facilities associated with the ancillary function and check for the correct operation of the ancillary control function. (aa) Alarm signalling equipment Check that the alarm signalling equipment initiates a fire alarm signal to the monitoring service provider. (bb) Labelling Check that all alarm zone facilities have been correctly labelled and that the alarm zone is immediately apparent from the labelling. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 7.2 DOCUMENTATION Documentation shall be housed in or adjacent to the FIP without interfering with the system wiring. The following documentation shall be provided upon completion of the commissioning tests: (a) ‘As-installed’ drawings ‘As-installed’ drawings covering the system or alterations, as applicable. Standard symbols, as given in Appendix D, shall be used. The drawings shall show the following, where applicable (see also Figures D1 and D2, Appendix D): (i) The location and interconnection of all equipment installed in accordance with this Standard, including unique detector numbering. (ii) The location of intersystem termination points such as building management and control systems, AS 1668.1 controls, primary power source circuit-breaker and ancillary control functions. (iii) Applicable portion of the alarm zone designation, together with a symbol legend. (b) (iv) System schematic wiring diagram. (v) Sound pressure level and location of reading. (vi) Access point to any protected concealed space. (vii) Location of any building plant reset control. CIE documentation Documentation required by AS 7240.2 or AS 4428.1, as applicable. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 55 (c) Commissioning report AS 1670.1—2004 A report on the commissioning of the system. NOTE: See Appendix E for an example of a report format. (d) Installer’s statement (e) Log (f) Aspirating system An installer’s statement in accordance with Appendix F. Log in accordance with Clause 7.3. 7.3 LOG The log, which may be The design tool calculation for the aspirating system. an electronic form of record-keeping, shall have provisions for including the entering the following information: (a) Identification of the building. (b) Description of the system components and their location. (c) All commissioning data to serve as a basis for future service and following: (i) Type, quantity and 20 h discharge capacity of batteries required. (ii) Date of battery installation and manufacturer’s recommended replacement dates. (iii) Manufacturer’s recommended float voltage at normal ambient temperature and the voltage correction for other temperatures. (iv) Quiescent current of the fire detection and alarm system, ancillary loads and that of any other CIE connected. (v) Full alarm load current of the fire detection and alarm system, ancillary loads Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 and that of any other CIE connected. (vi) The minimum operating voltage of all CIE connected. (vii) The battery discharge capacity compensation factor at full load as determined in Clause 3.16.4. (d) (viii) Minimum battery capacity as calculated in Clause 3.16.4. (ix) Minimum charging current as calculated in Clause 3.16.3. (x) The power supply equipment primary supply rating. (xi) Quantity, type, location for all CIE external to the FIP. Date of commissioning. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 56 APPENDIX A GUIDANCE FOR THE SELECTION OF DETECTORS (Informative) A1 INTRODUCTION The recommendations attributes of each given type of in this detector Appendix and its should prime be applied function for with life due regard safety and to the property protection. Hazardous locations may require special consideration. The fire detection and alarm system should operate before the escape routes become smokelogged to such an extent that occupants will have difficulty finding their way out of the building. Premises where people sleep require different criteria for the selection of the detection and alarm system to those premises where occupants are continuously supervising the area. Smoke detector or smoke alarms would normally provide a suitable level of protection for occupants within these areas. A2 GENERAL NOTES ON DETECTORS Fire detectors are designed to detect one or more of four characteristics of a fire, i.e., heat, smoke, CO or flame. No one type of detector is the most suitable for all applications and the final choice will depend on individual circumstances. In some premises, it may be useful to combine different types of detectors to achieve the best results. The likely fire behaviour of the contents of each part of the building, the processes taking place and the design of the building should be considered. The susceptibility of the contents Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 to heat, smoke and water damage should also be considered. The following list includes typical areas, including suggested detection devices, that should be given special consideration: (a) Laundry/bathrooms—CO or heat with normal temperature duty and fixed temperature operation. (b) Kitchens—heat or CO. (c) Kitchen exhaust duct—special purpose fixed temperature. (d) Electrical risers—smoke. (e) Vertical service shaft—smoke or CO. (f) Autoclave/sterilizer areas—CO, aspirating or heat with normal temperature operation or high temperature duty and fixed temperature operation. (g) Roof spaces—aspirating or heat with high temperature duty and rate of rise operation. (h) Concealed spaces—aspirating or heat with normal temperature duty and rate-of-rise operation. (i) Cold rooms/freezers—aspirating, beam-type smoke detectors or heat with normal temperature duty and fixed temperature operation. (j) Flammable liquid stores—heat with normal temperature duty and rate-of-rise operation, smoke, flame. (k) Car parks—heat with normal temperature duty and rate of rise operation. (l) Air ducts—smoke. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 57 AS 1670.1—2004 (m) Fume cupboards—special purpose fixed temperature. (n) Spray painting booths—heat and flame. (o) Boiler room/furnace—heat with high temperature operation and fixed temperature operation. (p) Stables—CO or heat. (q) Stages, discotheques or rides (where theatrical smoke is used)—CO or heat. (r) High ceilings—smoke or CO. Notwithstanding the above, fire detection devices specifically designed for the particular applications may also be suitable. In any automatic fire detection system, the detector has to discriminate between a fire and the normal conditions existing within the building. The system chosen should have detectors that are suited to these conditions and provide the earliest reliable warning. Each type of detector responds at a different rate to different kinds of fire. With a slowly developing smouldering fire, a smoke detector or smoke alarm would probably operate first. A fire that rapidly evolves heat with very little smoke could operate a heat detector or heat alarm before a smoke detector or smoke alarm. With a flammable liquid fire, a flame detector could operate first. In general, smoke detectors or smoke alarms give appreciably faster responses than heat detector or heat alarms, but care has to be taken in their selection and location. Heat and smoke detectors are suitable for use in most buildings. Flame detectors are mainly suitable for supplementing heat and smoke detectors in high compartments provided that an unobstructed view is possible, and for special applications such as outdoor storage and chemical processes employing flammable liquids. The choice of fire detector may also be affected by the environmental conditions within the premises. In general, heat detector or heat alarms have a greater resistance to adverse Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 environmental conditions than other types have. All fire detectors will respond to some extent to phenomena other than fire and, therefore, care in the choice of detectors and their location is essential. A3 HEAT DETECTORS OR HEAT ALARMS A3.1 General There are two main forms of heat-sensitive detector. One is the point-type of detector, which is affected by the hot gas layer immediately adjacent to it. The other is the line-type of detector, which is sensitive to the effect produced by heated gases along any portion of the detector line. There are two main types of heat-sensitive element in each form as follows: (a) Rate-of-rise temperature elements, which are designed to operate when their temperature rises abnormally quickly. (b) Fixed-temperature (static) elements, which are designed to operate when they reach a preselected temperature. It must be appreciated that a rate-of-rise detector will normally respond to the presence of fire conditions faster increases in than temperature. a fixed-temperature Accordingly, the use type because of of rate-of-rise its ability to sense rapid detectors is preferred for general protection of areas. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 58 Where a building’s environmental conditions are not conducive to the use of rate-of-rise detectors due to normally occurring rapid temperature increases, consideration should be given to the installation of fixed-temperature-type detectors to reduce the incidence of spurious alarms. Where the suitable, ceiling and the height exceeds location, 9 m, sensitivity heat and detector type of or heat detector alarms selected are not should be generally specially considered. Heat detector or heat alarms are not usually suitable for the protection of places where large losses could be caused by small fires, e.g., computer rooms. Before final selection of a detector, an estimate should be made of the likely extent of the damage caused before operation of the heat detector or heat alarm. Attention of designers is drawn to the size to which a fire must develop before detection. Heat detectors mounted on higher ceilings require a larger fire size before the fire is detected (see Table A1). TABLE A1 INCREASED FIRE SIZE REQUIRED FOR EQUIVALENT HEAT DETECTOR EFFECTIVENESS BASED ON CEILING HEIGHT Fire size ratio required for equivalent Heat detector mounting height (m) Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 A3.2 detection performa nce 3 1 6 5.5 9 15.5 Application AS 1603.1 heat detectors should generally be selected as follows: (a) Type A (white dot)—normal temperature duty, incorporating both a fixed-temperature actuation within the range of 58°C to 88°C and rate-of-rise actuation. Recommended for use in the majority of moderate temperature applications below 45°C where rapid temperature increases are not normally experienced. (b) Type B (blue actuation dot)—normal within the range temperature duty, incorporating of 88°C only. 58°C to a fixed-temperature Recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally encountered and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 45°C. (c) Type C (green dot)—high temperature duty incorporating both a fixed-temperature actuation within the range of 88°C to 132°C and rate-of-rise actuation. Recommended for use in high temperature applications below 75°C where rapid temperature increases are not normally experienced. (d) Type D (red dot)—high temperature duty, incorporating a fixed-temperature actuation within the range of 88°C to 132°C only. Recommended where rapid temperature increases are normally experienced and the maximum temperature does not normally exceed 75°C. (e) Type E (yellow dot)—special purpose fixed temperature. Intended to provide protection in areas that cannot be satisfactorily protected by Types A to D owing to some factor associated with the environment, such as extremely high ambient temperatures, severe corrosion, and the like. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 59 AS 1670.1—2004 NOTES: 1 Although Type A or Type C detectors are intended to protect the majority of areas, special circumstances may prevent or interfere with their reliable operation. Such circumstances may dictate the use of a Type B, Type D, or Type E detector manufactured to suit the special environment. 2 Where detectors to AS 7420.5 are used, the type that most closely matches the categories listed above detectors should be selected. Table A2 defines the AS 7420.5 gradings. Detectors with a suffix S to their class do not respond below the minimum static response temperature, applicable to their classification, even at high rates of rise of air temperature. incorporate a rate-of-rise characteristic, which Detectors with a suffix R to their class meets the response time requirements for high rates of rise of air temperature even when starting at air temperatures substantially below the typical application temperature. TABLE A2 AS 7420.5 HEAT DETECTOR CLASSIFICATION GRADINGS Maximu m static Typical Maximu m Minimu m static application application response response temperature (°C) temperature (°C) temperature (°C) temperature (°C) A1 25 50 54 65 A2 25 50 54 70 B 40 65 69 85 C 55 80 84 100 Detector class D 70 95 99 115 E 85 110 114 130 F 100 125 129 145 G 115 140 144 160 Table A3 describes the approximate equivalent AS 1603.1 TABLE A3 and AS 7420.5 heat detector Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 gradings. AS 1603.1 AND AS 7420.5 HEAT DETECTOR GRADINGS Approximate equivalent AS 1603.1 type grading A4 AS 7420.5 type grading A (58ºC to 88ºC) A1R, A2R, BR B (58ºC to 88ºC) A1S, A2S, BS C (88ºC to 132ºC) CR, DR, ER D (88ºC to 132ºC) CS, DS, ES SMOKE DETECTORS OR SMOKE ALARMS A4.1 General All types of smoke detectors or smoke alarms depend for operation on combustion products entering the sensing-chamber or light beam. Since the detectors are usually mounted on the ceiling, response time depends upon the nature of the fire. A hot fire will drive the combustion products up to the ceiling rapidly. A slow smouldering fire produces little heat, therefore the time for smoke to reach the detector will be increased. Flaming fires can burn more cleanly and the thermal turbulence can cause dilution reducing the response by photoelectric detectors, while a smouldering fire can cause a dense plume of smoke to reach the detector causing a more rapid response to the fire. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 There 60 are two smoke-sensing principles commonly used for smoke detectors or smoke alarms as follows: (a) Photoelectric point-types that operate on the scattering or absorption of light by smoke particles in a light beam. Photoelectric point-type smoke detectors or smoke alarms respond quickly to smoke that is optically dense and are, therefore suitable for general application. (b) Ionization point-type smoke detectors that operate on the change in current flowing through an ionization chamber upon entry of smoke particles. Ionization point-type smoke detectors or smoke alarms respond quickly to smoke containing small particles normally produced by clean-burning fires, but may respond slowly to optically dense smoke containing large particles, which may be produced by smouldering materials. Photoelectric detectors shown to have a flat response (i.e., can respond to a wide range of fire types) are preferred to ionization detectors due to environmental problems associated with the disposal of the radioactive source in the ionization detectors. Detector response to fires may be further improved by the use of multi-sensor detectors, where the smoke detection element in enhanced by a heat or other element. Ionization detectors should only be used for special applications where photoelectric detectors or multi-sensor detectors are unsuitable. Detectors complying with AS 7420.7 are required to respond to a range of test fires that include both optically dense particles and clean burning fire. Photoelectric detectors that comply with AS 7420.7 are shown to have a wide range of response and are suitable for general use. However, detectors complying with AS 1603.2 may also respond to a range of fires. Duct sampling units draw air from the duct to the smoke-sensing chamber. The optical beam-type smoke detector will respond when the light path at the receiver is obscured. It is important, therefore, that the light path be kept clear of obstacles at all times. Optical beam-type detectors are effectively linear detectors working on the obscuration Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 principle. Some beam detectors can also detect thermal turbulence by refraction of the beam at turbulent interfaces between hot and cold air. A4.2 Application A4.2.1 General Smoke detectors or smoke alarms other than those incorporating heat detection do not readily detect burning alcohol and other clean-burning liquids that do not produce smoke particles. This may not always be a disadvantage because a fire will frequently involve other combustible materials at an early stage. Multi-sensor detectors may be suitable for such risks. Flame detectors should also be considered. Where production or other processes are producing smoke or fumes that may trigger the smoke detector or smoke alarms, an alternative type of detector should be considered. Physical or electronic filtration of the air drawn through the sensing chamber of aspirating detectors may reduce unwanted alarms caused by pollution and dust particles. A4.2.2 Location considerations Additional smoke detectors or smoke alarms may be required in special circumstances. Ceiling shape and surfaces, ceiling height, configuration of contents, burning characteristics and ventilation are some of the factors that should be considered. In extreme environments the selection of smoke detector or smoke alarms should be confined to those capable of withstanding the environmental conditions. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 61 A4.2.3 AS 1670.1—2004 Ceiling surfaces Some typical ceiling surfaces where the use of smoke detector or smoke alarms should be evaluated are as follows: (a) Smooth ceiling they travel Heated air and smoke usually rise. When they reach smooth ceilings, along the ceiling. As these products flow along the ceiling, their concentration decreases as the distance from the source increases. (b) Other ceilings Where deep beams or other obstructions form pockets in the ceiling, the products collect in the pocket and, if sufficient products are being generated, will eventually ‘spill over’ into adjacent pockets. Sawtooth, sloping, open joist, beam construction, or other shaped ceilings will need to receive special consideration as smoke usually travels in a longitudinal direction at the highest point. (c) High ceilings In high ceilings, such as high rack storage warehouses, it may be necessary to install detectors at more than one level to take advantage of the higher concentrations near the floor to provide faster response. For atria-type constructions smoke detection at several levels may be necessary because of stratification. Natural or forced ventilation may affect the ability of smoke to reach detectors at high ceiling levels. A4.2.4 Stratification Smoke released from slow burning or small fires may not be hot enough to penetrate the normally heated air that collects at the ceiling. This is especially true in warehouses with metal roofs and inadequate ventilation. During the day the air under the roof is heated by the sun, and a thermal barrier exists, which prevents warm combustion products from reaching the ceiling. The smoke will then stratify at a level beneath the ceiling. Generally at night this condition will not exist. Detectors may be required at two levels; one group at the ceiling level and another some distance below the ceiling. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 A4.2.5 Airflow Smoke can be diluted by airflow caused by updraughts, open windows, forced ventilating systems, or airconditioning systems. It may be necessary to conduct air circulation observation tests in a room to ensure proper placement of detectors. For airconditioned facilities and other facilities where forced ventilation is present, it is good practice to take advantage of air currents to transport smoke to a detector. However, in such situations, smoke dilution and high airflow may cause the detector to respond slowly. The effects of airflow on the detector and the movement of smoke where detectors are installed near air ducts and in airconditioned rooms may affect the location of the detectors. A4.2.6 Ducts Smoke detectors used for sensing smoke in air-handling ducts should be installed where the best sample of smoke adequate response. manufacturer’s can be Installation obtained. of recommendations Air-sampling air-sampling and tests probes should be probes should are be conducted necessary in to to achieve accordance with the ensure satisfactory sampling of the ducted air. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 62 Special considerations A4.2.7 The location of smoke detectors or smoke alarms should take into consideration areas where false operation or non-operation is likely. Some typical locations where the use of smoke detectors or smoke alarms should be carefully evaluated are as follows: (a) In the vicinity of certain materials, such as polyvinyl chloride, which when smouldering produce mainly large particles. (b) Areas where gases may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes. (c) (d) Kitchens and other areas subject to cooking fumes. Near openings, such as doors, windows, or other inlets, where the introduction of outside industrial gases or products of combustion may be possible. (e) Areas where the detector is subject to movement and excessive vibration, in particular where beam-type smoke detectors are used. (f) Dusty areas or in areas where particulate matter, such as aerosols, could enter the detector. (g) Areas subject to high velocity air current. NOTE: A sampling type detection system may be more suitable. (h) In areas where high concentrations of tobacco smoke are expected. (i) In areas where steam or condensation vapour is expected. A5 MULTI-SENSOR DETECTORS Multi-sensor detectors complying with AS 7240.15 may performance compared to sensor detectors. Where Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 selected, consideration single needs to be given to the way the provide improved multi-sensor heat sensor detection detectors in the are detector influences the alarm condition decision and the test fires that the detector passed. A6 ASPIRATING SMOKE DETECTORS A6.1 General Aspirating smoke detection systems differ from point-type smoke detectors in that they operate in the high to very high sensitivity range. Aspirating systems are designed to detect a slowly developing fire where the ignition source is likely to be overheated materials or components and the fuel is likely to smoulder for a period of time before significant heat is produced, a situation where there is perhaps minimal smoke. The aspirating smoke detector may be many times more sensitive than the point-type smoke detector, yet its false alarm rate may remain low. This apparent dichotomy comes from its immunity to the major sources of false alarms dust, draughts and electrical interference. This generally allows plenty of time for human intervention or automatic intervention by the operation of warning systems or other ancillary control equipment. A6.2 Detector principles A6.2.1 Two General main types of detector technologies are used in aspirating smoke detectors, as described in Paragraphs 6.2.2 and 6.2.3. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 63 AS 1670.1—2004 Light scatter A6.2.2 Light scatter is a stream of sampled air that is continually passed through a high-energy focused laser light source within the detection chamber. This light is scattered by any smoke particles in the sample and the quantity of scattered light is analysed by a solid state light receiver. The quantity of scattered light is proportional to the level of smoke pollution. Smoke particles interfere with the light passing through the air in two ways. Depending on the particle size and composition, some of the light is absorbed by the particles, and some is reflected or scattered (smoke clouds appear white if most of the light is scattered and black if a larger proportion is absorbed). Total obscuration is the effect of absorption and scattering. There is generally a very wide sensitivity range with aspirated systems, typically in the range of 0.01% to 30% obs/m. Light scatter systems are sensitive to smouldering fires and particles given off by overloaded electrical cables and are, therefore, particularly useful where early warning is required. They can be vulnerable to dust however, which is why most detectors incorporate sophisticated filters and/or electronic dust rejection. Particle counting A6.2.3 Particle counting is a stream of sampled air that is continually drawn through a focused laser beam and light scattered from each relative to the number of particles that systems are sensitive to smouldering airflow well regulated as their particle is measured. This provides an output have traversed the laser beam. Particle counting fires and overloaded cables but need to have their output is proportional to the flow rate. Particle counting systems are generally resistant to dust, but fibres seen ‘end on’ or large volumes of dust may cause unwanted alarms. A6.3 A6.3.1 There Types General are two distinct types of operating systems, as described in Paragraphs A6.3.2 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 and A6.3.3. A6.3.2 2 Very high sensitivity (typically for up to 2000 m ) The air sample is drawn back through the pipe network to light scatter or particle counting detectors. The level of signal received is related to the smoke density. These systems are scaled either absolutely or relatively. A system design tool is used to verify the design of the pipework with regard to the contribution from each sampling hole (and hence the effective sensitivity at each point) and the time taken for that sample to reach the detector. A6.3.3 Normal sensitivity (typically for a similar coverage of a single point detector) The air sample is drawn back through the pipe network to point-type detectors that are located in an enclosure positioned in an appropriate location. Alarm smoke thresholds settings typically provide a single pre-alarm and a single alarm function. The accumulation of dust and lint on the screens of these units could require higher levels of maintenance. A6.4 Pipe network and aggregation Aspirated systems typically comprise a number of small-bore pipes laid out in the areas to be protected with holes drilled at intervals in the length of pipe. Air is drawn into the pipe using the suction pressure of a fan or air pump and drawn back to the detector for analysis. On receipt of the smoke, sample alarms are generated and annunciated accordingly. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 64 Capillary pipes or tubes may also be connected to the main trunk pipework to allow for special applications, e.g., electrical cabinet sampling, concealed spaces, etc. Capillary tubes are also used to connect the main trunk pipework to ceiling nozzles for applications that require a more aesthetic appearance. A system design tool is used to verify the design of the pipework with regard to the contribution from each sampling hole (and hence the effective sensitivity at each point) and the time taken for each sample to reach the detector. The aspirating sample pipe network may be designed and installed to achieve varying levels of sensitivity, for example, (a) normal sensitivity—considered the same sensitivity as normal point-type detectors; and (b) high sensitivity—responding to smoke at concentrations of less than 0.1% obs/m. The detector sensitivity is shared over the network of sampling points associated with it. If an aspirating detector signalled an alarm when the smoke density within it reached 0.05% obs/m, when connected to a pipe network with 20 sampling holes, the mean system sensitivity at each hole would be 1.0% (i.e., 0.05% × 20). This sensitivity is calculated on the basis that smoke enters only one of the 20 holes. If the same density of smoke entered two holes, the mean sensitivity would double. Normally, smoke will enter from more than one sampling hole, in effect of these which case systems allows system smoke sensitivity from a will be very number of high. The aggregation sampling points to be drawn through the detector and collectively the concentration is sufficient to raise an alarm. A6.5 Flow sensing All aspirating detection systems need to have some form of flow sensing capability. The purpose of flow sensing is to detect if a blockage or a broken pipe (which would prevent smoke from being sampled from the intended areas) has affected the air sampling pipework. The normal flow conditions should be measured at the time of commissioning. Systems that Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 have multiple flow sensors are able to provide better resolution and earlier detection of reduction or increases in flow. Systems that provide flow sensing on a per pipe basis should be preferred. A6.6 Dust filters detection and rejection Aspirating systems may be capable of removing lint and the majority of large dust particles before the sampled air enters the detector, or may have some facility for dust rejection. Some systems provide dust discrimination within their software, avoiding false alarms caused by the dust particle entering the detection chamber. These measures reduce problems caused by contamination and false alarms caused by high dust levels. One example of dust rejection is by causing the air to flow or move through a labyrinth of relatively large apertures. The larger particles come into contact with the material of the filter and become bonded; smaller particles (such as those in smoke) pass through with no measurable reduction in concentration. Small proportions of the larger dust particles (in the order of 10 µm to 20 µm) do pass through. A large particle in the laser beam path can cause large amounts of light scattering, which could be misinterpreted as a large smoke signal. A6.7 Applications In applications with high ceilings or roof areas such as aircraft hangars, warehouses and atria a fire is likely to produce a smoke plume that dilutes rapidly as the smoke rises. Air currents and stratification within the building would also affect the smoke plume. At high levels, the smoke concentrations could be quite low and may not be sufficient to activate a point type or beam-type smoke detector. Aspirating systems are effective in detecting smoke in areas with large open spaces. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 65 Aspirating detection systems can also be AS 1670.1—2004 used in adverse environments where site conditions cause unusual effects. Many diverse areas can be protected as hot air can be cooled down, cold air warmed up, dusty air filtered, dirty air recognized as part of normal operating conditions and contaminated air returned back to where it was sampled from. Some examples are as follows: (a) Cold stores Apart from the low temperature operating range for point type detectors, the main problem in cold stores is from condensation and icing. These problems can be avoided by the use of an aspirated system. (b) Invisible installations Some applications require hidden detection because of aesthetics. Where concealment of pipe networks is a requirement, the main trunk pipe sections can be hidden within the fabric of the building. Sampling points with smaller bore flexible tube can then be used. These tubes are normally terminated with a very small air-sampling nozzle. The air-sampling nozzle can also be fabricated to a design and in a material that best enables concealment. (c) Dirty/dusty areas These areas can be protected by the use of systems that contain some form of dust recognition or dust filtering. (d) High airflow applications In telecommunications facilities, computer rooms, clean rooms, or any area where airconditioning maintains positive pressure, smoke often becomes highly diluted and can be carried to the exhaust without ever reaching point type detectors. High airflow applications can impair the sensitivity of ionization type detectors, and, in some cases, cause nuisance alarms. The sensitivity of aspirating detectors is not affected in these environments. A7 CARBON MONOXIDE FIRE DETECTORS A7.1 General For the purpose of this Appendix, the guidance and applications given apply to CO fire Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 detectors complying with the requirements of AS 1603.14. The CO fire detector sensor may have a limited service life because, as the sensor ages, it may become less sensitive. Detectors should be maintained strictly in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements. A7.2 Application A7.2.1 General CO detectors fire are suitable for a broad range of fire detection applications. These detectors may be better suited to applications where other smoke detection techniques are prone to false alarms, e.g., dust, steam and cooking vapours. CO fire detectors react promptly to slow smouldering fires involving carbonaceous materials because CO does not solely depend on convection, but also moves by diffusion. CO fire detectors may not be suitable for fires involving— (a) clean burning liquids; (b) PVC insulated cables; (c) combustible metals; (d) certain self-oxidizing chemicals; and (e) non-carbonaceous materials. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 66 Stratification A7.2.2 CO fire detectors may be less affected by stratification. Airflow A7.2.3 Air movement does not significantly affect the response of the CO fire detector; however, whilst CO gas has greater mobility than smoke, it can be diluted by ventilation systems and hence the same considerations as for smoke detector or smoke alarms should be taken into account. Recirculating systems confined to a single room has little effect on dilution as this is similar to the natural diffusion of the CO gas. Ducts A7.2.4 CO fire detectors are not considered suitable for use with duct sampling units due to CO dilution. A7.2.5 Special considerations The location of CO fire detectors should take into account areas where false operation or non-operation is likely. Some typical locations where the use of CO fire detectors should be carefully evaluated are as follows: (a) Areas where CO gas may be present from exhausts and normal manufacturing processes. Examples include car parks, car park return air plenums, loading docks. (b) Generally cigarette smoke will not have sufficient CO present to cause alarms even though smoke may be clearly visible; however, in heavy smoking or incense burning areas, the CO level should be measured before installing CO fire detectors. (c) Where the environment has a high level of film-forming mists that may block the Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 diffusion barrier of the sensing element. A8 FLAME DETECTORS A8.1 General Most flame ultraviolet detectors and are infra-red optical, radiation, electronic which is sensors outside tuned the to visible operate solar and respond spectrum. There to is commonality between ultraviolet and infra-red detectors in the following areas: (a) They are both ‘line-of-sight devices’. The input radiation has to be optically viewed for the sensor to respond. A typical sensor cone of vision is ±45° measured from the detector’s direct line of sight (tangent). (b) Radiation is transmitted at the speed of light, hence flame detectors are the preferred detection devices for early warnings, high risk, fire extinguishing/explosion suppressant systems. (c) Detectors are tuned to selected bandwidths. The sensors’ lens/bandpass filter allows radiation to be received at the detector power received is proportional only at the selected narrow frequency allocation. (d) Radiated to the radiation source and inversely proportional to the distance squared. Size of radiation source (pan fire) = Power radiated Distance squared Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 67 Thus a radiation sensor may sense a AS 1670.1—2004 1 m 2 pan fire at a distance of 10 m. If the 2 distance is increased to 20 m the pan fire will have to increase to 4 m . In practice most radiation detectors are designed to detect modulated energy in a limited range of frequencies (typically 1 Hz to 20 Hz). Modulated energy does not follow this equation and therefore the performance of a radiation detector will not follow this equation. Actual detector performance will vary according to the manufacturer and the detection algorithms used. A8.2 Radiation sources and inhibitors A8.2.1 In General understanding understand not the only differences the between sources of the detector different technologies radiation but also it is the important materials to and circumstances that can inhibit the radiation source. Knowledge of the likely inhibitors on an application is also important when designing a system. A8.2.2 Radiation sources The flame detector identifies the origin and the type of radiation that is emitted, whether it is ultraviolet or infra-red. Looking at each source of radiation in turn, as follows: (a) and infra-red radiation. combustion produces infra-red radiation, peaking Fires Fires are a rich source of ultraviolet at 2.7 µm and 4.3 µm Hydrocarbon within the infra-red spectrum. The 4.3 µm (CO 2 spike/emission band) is caused by hot carbon dioxide metal gases fires, emitted which are during the hydrocarbon non-organic, produce combustion infra-red at process. 2.7 µm Hydrogen and and ultraviolet at 0.1 µm to 0.35 µm but no infra-red radiation at the 4.3 µm peak used by infra-red flame detectors. (b) Ambient temperature Ambient temperature relates directly to infra-red radiation; all objects with a temperature in excess of 0°Kelvin (−273°C) radiate infra-red energy due to molecular movement. Ambient temperature values and the ambient Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 temperature profiles will vary for every detector location. (c) Black-body radiation Black-body radiation is a heat energy, that emits radiation due to a temperature differential between the source and its surroundings. Solar energy at the earth’s surface contains little infra-red radiation at the infra-red 4.3 µm band due to the atmospheric absorption in the CO 2 absorption emission band; however, solar energy can heat objects that will radiate what is then termed black-body radiation at 4.3 µm. (d) Solar radiation The sun radiates energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, and is an enormous source of ultraviolet and infra-red radiation. (e) Metal fires In general, metal fires will generate ultraviolet radiation with a negligible amount of infra-red. Other non-carbon fires will also generate ultraviolet radiation as follows: Fire types Ultraviolet Infra-red Hydrogen Yes No Sulphur Yes No Magnesium Yes No Ammonia Yes No ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (f) 68 X-ray and gamma radiation These are fast particles travelling below the speed of light. Both types of radiation have the ability to penetrate detector housings. With an ultraviolet detector, this radiation may cause the detector to function in a manner similar to that initiated by ultraviolet radiation. In some instances, this can give rise to false alarms with ultraviolet detectors. (g) Lightning Lightning, the richest source of ultraviolet radiation, is the product of atmospheric disturbances and electrical storms. An electrical arc discharging to earth can flash from cloud to cloud ionizing the atmosphere, the abundant ultraviolet will trigger and activate sensors and initiate a series of false alarms. Detectors designed for outdoor use are normally compensated with an internal time delay of 3 s or more, to override the lightning time duration. This also clearly reduces the detector response time. (h) Arc welding Arc welding is a primary source of ultraviolet radiation. It is a frequent source of unwanted alarms, caused by the initiation of an electric current discharging to produce an electric arc. The arc mechanism produces high transient switching signals right across the frequency spectrum. The welded area reaches temperatures of 3500°C. The heated metal forms a secondary source of infra-red radiation. Infra-red detectors, although more immune to false alarm from welding sources, can still give unwanted alarm indications if the welding process is carried out in relatively close proximity to the detector and the detector does not include other mechanisms to protect it from such false alarm sources. A8.2.3 Radiation inhibitors There are external influences, whose presence can have a detrimental effect on the ability of the detector to flame radiation. These items are chemical vapours and gases, known as inhibitors; they have the ability to absorb radiation. Their presence within the detectors’ cone of vision can nullify or reduce the input from fire radiation, rendering the detector Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 inoperable. Likewise a soiled window lens, oil, mist, ice, water, or smoke will impair the radiation signal to the line of sight device. A8.3 Ultraviolet flame detection techniques A8.3.1 Detection principles Detectors that operate under the principle of ultraviolet detection have been in the market place for about 30 years. Ultraviolet detection technology has probably not evolved as far as infra-red detection technology that still applications are most over the same period suited to ultraviolet of time. detection, Whilst the there previous are some discussion highlights some limitations due to the fundamental principles of detection. A8.3.2 Advantages The advantages of ultraviolet flame detection methods are as follows: (a) Solar blind The effect of ozone in the atmosphere of the earth is such that it absorbs incidents ultraviolet of radiation from the sun. Ozone tends to absorb ultraviolet radiation of lower frequency and so ultraviolet flame detector transducers are able to operate in an area of the waveband where there is little to no ambient ultraviolet radiation present. The detectors are therefore inherently solar blind. (b) High temperature The main advantage for detectors that utilize ultraviolet detection principles is their resistance to giving false alarms for high temperature heat sources. Special ultraviolet flame detectors that can operate at an ambient temperature of approximately 110°C, however, these special high temperature detectors are relatively expensive. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 69 (c) Metal-based make them fires Detection suitable for the principles detection of AS 1670.1—2004 of ultraviolet both flame hydrocarbon detection fires and techniques less common metal-based fires. (d) Fast operation The detectors can operate very quickly, but the ability to do so may increase the number of false alarms from the device. Unwanted alarms cost money and can result in loss of confidence in the fire-detection system. The advantage of speed with these detectors can be exploited, if precautions are taken to minimize interference from external false alarm sources. A8.3.3 Limitations The limitations of ultraviolet flame detection methods are as follows: (a) False alarm welding, sources electrical Ultraviolet arcs, X-rays false alarms from lightning delay in processing the and flame detection methods and lightning. Although it is electrical by detector arcs circuitry, the are inclusion elimination of sensitive to arc possible to eliminate of false additional time alarms from arc welding and X-rays is much more difficult to achieve. The detector’s sensitivity to these false alarm sources can be a significant problem. (b) Ultraviolet inhibitors films, heavy smoke The main inhibitors of ultraviolet propagation are oil mists or or hydrocarbon vapour and water films or ice. All of these phenomena can significantly reduce the intensity of the ultraviolet signal if present in the flame detection path. (c) High current The sensing elements used by ultraviolet detection methods require relatively high currents and thus it is not practical to design intrinsically safe variants. (d) Failure modes Ultraviolet detectors can sometimes have characteristic failure modes. Ultraviolet detectors can become sensitive to ambient light or solar radiation, or break into free oscillation (runaway). The detector tube can become insensitive or the tube circuit can malfunction. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (e) High cost The technology used in these detectors means that they are typically more expensive than infra-red detectors. A8.4 Single-channel infra-red detectors A8.4.1 Detection principles The combustion of hydrocarbons typically produces two main peaks at 2.7 µm (radiation emitted by water vapour) and 4.3 µm (radiation emitted by CO 2 ). CO 2 in the atmosphere of the earth absorbs infra-red radiation at this later frequency. Infra-red flame detectors can respond to solar radiation permeating the earth’s atmosphere and it is therefore important that infra-red flame detectors are designed to such an extent that they are completely solar blind. Non-hydrocarbon fires such as metals do not produce CO 2 in the combustion process. Such fires are in general better suited to IR flame detectors operating at the 2.7 µm wavelength. Infra-red flame detectors are often able to capitalize on an another phenomenon of fire, i.e., flicker. The determination of flame flicker allows an infra-red flame detector to reduce the probability of giving a false alarm in the presence of black-body radiation. Although the ability to determine the flicker characteristic is essential for an infra-red flame detector, it is not enough on its own to reduce a detector’s ability to detect false alarms. Most singlechannel infra-red flame detectors detect flame flicker within a 1 Hz to 20 Hz waveband. A8.4.2 Advantages The advantages of single-channel flame detectors are as follows: (a) Solar blind Most single-channel infra-red detectors presently on the market are solar blind, using filtering techniques. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (b) 70 Cost Low cost single-channel devices are available, but have limited applications, especially following recent developments in infra-red flame detection technology. (c) Reasonable false alarm immunity Infra-red flame detectors are generally immune to arc welding and X-rays. Flicker analysis reduces false alarms from steady black-body sources. (d) Low current Very low current detectors can be produced, which allow intrinsically safe detectors to be produced. Limitations A8.4.3 The limitations of single-channel flame detectors are as follows: (a) Solar blindness restricts their Some use to single-channel indoor flame environments, detectors where are there is not solar blind. no direct sunlight This or reflected sunlight in the optical path of the flame detector. (b) Black-body radiation Single-channel infra-red detectors can be sensitive to black- body radiation. The sensitivity of these devices can be influenced by the introduction of black-body radiation into the detector’s field of view, leading to possible generation of false alarm conditions. Such sources could be from powered equipment, that generate sufficient heat to cause the problem. Other conditions can arise from human or other movements in the detectors field of view. The normal operating principle is such that the detector responds to relative changes in infra-red, and thus a large infra-red source that does not flicker may mask an IR source that does flicker. Therefore, a real fire condition could be missed under these conditions. (c) Limited range Single-channel infra-red detectors have a limited range. This range can restricted be further by the introduction of contaminants on the lens typically do not of the detector. (d) No window test Single-channel infra-red flame detectors provide any means of monitoring the lens clarity, and so the effectiveness of the detector may Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 go unchecked between routine servicing. A8.5 Ultraviolet/infra-red (single-channel) flame detectors A8.5.1 Detection principles Combining the technologies of single-channel ultraviolet and infra-red detection methods can alleviate some of the problems, but combined sensors can still have limitations. Each application needs to analysed so that the best available detection combination can be selected. Ultraviolet/infra-red detectors contain two sensors and give an alarm only when both ultraviolet and infra-red are detected, thus eliminating many of the causes of false alarms. Unfortunately, they are also blinded by everything that blinds either ultraviolet or infra-red, and this results in reduced reliability. A8.5.2 Advantage The ultraviolet/infra-red sensors can result in the elimination of false alarms from a single source, whether it is infra-red or ultraviolet, thus generating fewer false alarms. The detectors can often have a number of pre-set configuration options to tailor the detector to suit typical applications. A8.5.3 Limitations The limitations of ultraviolet/infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Complex system design Application of the detectors requires careful consideration. One must account for all the possibilities of single source excitation from false alarm sources. Once these are established, it should be ensured that neither of these single sources occurs at the same time. This may be difficult to predict. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 71 (b) AS 1670.1—2004 High unwanted alarms in some applications If the detector has to be programmed not presence give an alarm indication because of the of a ultraviolet or infra-red source, the detector will tend to behave like a single-channel ultraviolet or infra-red detector. For example, in an aircraft hangar where welding or X-rays are being used, the ultraviolet sensitivity may have to be reduced to increase the reliability of the detector. The action of reducing a detector’s ultraviolet sensitivity may induce the device behave like a single-channel infra-red flame detector. (c) High cost Detectors that employ both ultraviolet and infra-red sensing elements are relatively expensive. This is mainly due to the ultraviolet sensing element. (d) Limited range The maximum flame detection range of the devices is limited by single-channel infra-red technology. The range of a detector may have a significant influence on the number of devices required to provide an area with adequate coverage. A8.6 Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors Detection principles A8.6.1 Single-channel infra-red flame detectors process the received signal to determine the flicker content. Most flames flicker when they are burning, especially organic and hydrocarbonbased fires with a regular supply of oxygen. If the flicker content is caused by something other than alarm. In with an a genuine fire source, the order to overcome this additional infra-red sensor. single-channel problem, This infra-red detector dual-channel infra-red additional sensor is may detectors tuned to a give are a false designed frequency that measures the background infra-red radiation level within a detector’s field of view. This background sensor does not respond to CO 2 emission band. Using signal-processing techniques, the two signals are correlated and the device decides if a true alarm condition is present. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Typical parameters used in these dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Ratio of the reference sensor to the CO 2 emission band sensor. (b) Correlation between the sensors. (c) The relative amplitude of received signal from each sensor. (d) The flicker frequency of each sensor. A8.6.2 Advantages The advantages of ultraviolet infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Low unwanted alarms These devices produce fewer false alarms than either single- channel ultraviolet or infra-red detectors. Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are generally immune to arc welding and X-rays. They are normally solar blind. Flicker analysis reduces false alarms from steady black-body sources. (b) Low power detectors Dual-channel using ultraviolet infra-red detectors technology. This are reduces typically lower power than installation costs and allows technology and low power intrinsically safe variants to be produced. (c) Low cost The absence of ultraviolet detection consumption enable lower cost detectors to be produced. A8.6.3 Limitations The limitations of ultraviolet/infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Detection range The detection range is better than single-channel infra-red but not as good as ultraviolet or triple infra-red. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (b) 72 Loss of sensitivity (background) in sensor some may applications result in The choice difficulties for of the frequency detector for to the second determine the difference between hot background infra-red sources and relatively cold background sources. A large black-body source, which does not flicker, may mask source that does flicker. There is possibility that a real fire condition a may smaller not be detected under these conditions. People in close proximity to the sensor can adversely affect detector performance. The detector may interpret the natural heat of the body as an infra-red source. The detector may also detect the movement of people as a flicker characteristic. The overall result could be a false alarm condition. The detector may interpret a very smoky fire, with a low flame content, as a large black-body. A large black-body signal may swamp the CO 2 emission band sensor, and the detector may fail to produce an alarm condition. (c) Metal and non-organic fires Dual-channel infra-red flame detectors are not suited for the detection of metal or non-organic fires. (d) High temperature Like other infra-red detectors, they are not suited for the extreme temperatures that some ultraviolet sensors can operate in. Normal maximum continual operating temperatures are between 70°C and 80°C. A8.7 Triple-channel infra-red flame detectors A8.7.1 Detection principles Triple-channel frequencies. infra-red One sensor detectors monitors monitor the CO 2 the infra-red emission bands spectrum at at 4.3 µm. three The chosen other two frequencies are used to monitor the background infra-red level. They are normally chosen at frequencies on either side of the CO 2 emission band. The main objective of using the two background frequencies on either side of the emission band is to allow the detector to more accurately predict the amount of black-body radiation present in the field of view. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 The detector can account for the differences in hot and cold black-body radiation present — a function that cannot be accurately predicted by dual-channel infra-red detectors. The detector can detect fires in the presence of black-body radiation. This can vary significantly depending on the design of the detector. In particular some detectors may be less sensitive to genuine fire conditions than others, particularly in the presence of black-body radiation from a cold black-body. Using signal-processing techniques, the three signals are correlated and the device decides if a true alarm condition is present. Typical parameters used in triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Ratio of the reference sensors to the CO 2 emission band sensor. (b) Correlation between the sensors. (c) The relative amplitude of received signal from each sensor. (d) The flicker frequency of each sensor. A8.7.2 Advantages The advantages of triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Very low false alarms These devices typically produce fewer false alarms than any of the other detectors discussed. Triple-channel infra-red detectors are solar blind, immune to arc welding and X-rays and generally provide much better performance in the presence of both steady and modulating black-bodies, both hot and cold. (b) Longer range The range of the detector is increased substantially. This normally reduces the number of detectors required to give the necessary coverage for an area. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 73 (c) Latest technology As these detectors AS 1670.1—2004 tend to be using the latest microprocessor technology, more self-checking and testing routines are included. The detectors can thus alert the control system to an increased number of possible detector status conditions, e.g., fire alarm, pre-alarm, electronics fault, dirty window fault. The new detector technologies available tend to have increased radio frequency interference protection to meet more stringent current and future requirements. (d) Low power and cost As with all infra-red detectors these devices are inherently lower power and lower cost, which reduces overall installation costs. A8.7.3 Limitations The limitations of triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are as follows: (a) Metal and non-organic fires Triple-channel infra-red flame detectors are not suited for the detection of metal or non-organic fires. (b) High temperature Like other infra-red detectors, they are not suited to the extreme temperatures that some ultraviolet sensors can operate in. Normal maximum continual Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 operating temperatures are between 70°C and 80°C. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 74 APPENDIX B FIRE RATED WIRING SYSTEMS (Normative) B1 PROTECTION AGAINST EXPOSURE TO FIRE All wiring systems required to have a protection against exposure to fire shall have a rating of not less than 120 min. This rating is represented as WS5X. B2 PROTECTION AGAINST MECHANICAL DAMAGE B2.1 General Protection against mechanical damage shall be provided in accordance with Paragraphs B2.2 to B2.7. The areas indicated should not be considered as a rigid list to be adhered to with no deviations, rather they should be considered as a guide to the types of areas and causes of damage to be encountered. Details of ways to achieve the grade of protection can be found in AS 3013. B2.2 WSXX Areas where physical damage is considered to be unlikely. Examples of these areas are— (a) masonry riser shafts with strictly limited access; (b) non-trafficable ceiling void areas; (c) inaccessible underfloor areas; (d) underground installation in accordance with AS/NZS 3000; and (e) internal domestic and office situations where cabling is mounted on walls at heights Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 above 1.5 m. B2.3 WSX1 Areas where physical damage by light impact is considered possible. Examples of these areas are— (a) internal domestic or office situations where cable access to is mounted on walls at heights below 1.5 m; and (b) trafficable ceiling void areas where building services for maintenance purposes is required. B2.4 WSX2 Areas where physical damage by impact from manually propelled vehicles is possible. Examples of these areas are— (a) passageways and storerooms in domestic, office and commercial locations where hand trucks and barrows may be used, and cables are mounted at a height of less than 1.5 m; (b) (c) plant rooms where only minor equipment is installed; and workshops where repair and maintenance, on small equipment and furniture or the like, is carried out, and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 75 B2.5 AS 1670.1—2004 WSX3 Areas where physical damage by impact from light vehicles is possible. Examples of these areas are— (a) car parks and driveways where cars and other light vehicles are present and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.0 m; and (b) storage areas where manually operated devices such as pallet trucks may be operated and cables are mounted at a height of less than 2.5 m. B2.6 WSX4 Areas where physical impact from vehicles with rigid frames or rigid objects, the weight of which does not exceed 2.0 t, is possible. Examples of these areas are— (a) small delivery docks where the cabling is mounted below a height of 3.0 m; (b) warehouses with pallet storage up to 3.0 m and use of forklift trucks; and (c) heavy vehicle workshops. B2.7 WSX5 Areas were physical damage from impact by laden vehicles or objects the laden weight of which exceeds 2.0 t. Examples of these areas are— (a) loading and delivery docks; (b) fabrication and maintenance areas for medium to heavy engineering; and (c) large high pile storage warehouses with forklift trucks. Where any WS cabling traverses areas of various protection requirements, and it is neither viable nor practicable to change the degree of protection at the transition points, the installed cabling shall comply with the highest requirement of protection. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 B3 PROTECTION AGAINST HOSING WITH WATER Where the subsequent wiring hosing system with is required water, it to maintain shall have its integrity the suffix W after exposure to appended to its fire and rating, e.g., WS5XW. ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 76 APPENDIX C EXAMPLES OF POWER SOURCE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS (Informative) C1 C1.1 BATTERY CAPACITY CALCULATIONS Typical I Q calculation Unit current (mA) Item CIE (base) Total current Quantity (mA) 200.0 1 200.0 AZF 20.0 6 120.0 ACF 20.0 2 40.0 Hard contact heat 0.0 60 0.0 Ionization smoke 0.01 50 0.5 Photoelectric smoke 0.1 40 4.0 IR flame 0.25 6 1.5 UV flame 2.0 2 4.0 180.0 4 720.0 20.0 2 40.0 Aircon relays 100.0 4 400.0 Electric locks 100.0 4 400.0 Detector: Beam Ancillary loads Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (normally energized): Total I Q (mA) Total I Q (A) 1930.0 1.93 NOTE: 1 Ampere (A) = 1000 milliamperes (mA) Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 77 C1.2 AS 1670.1—2004 Typical I A calculation All following alarm currents are the values in addition to any quiescent value. Unit current Item (mA) Total IQ — Sounders /strobes Total current Quantity (mA) — 1930.0 80.0 1 80.0 100.0 2 200.0 Evac interface relay 20.0 2 40.0 Alarm signalling equipment 20.0 1 20.0 300.0 2 600.0 1000.0 1 1000.0 AZFs ACFs Warning system Gross I A (mA) 3870.0 Less loads that de-energize on alarm Aircon relays 20.0 2 40 Electric locks 100.0 4 400.0 Total load in alarm, I A (mA) 3430.0 Total load in alarm, I A (A) 3.43 Required battery capacity at end of battery life Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 therefore required new battery capacity = (I Q × 24 h) + F c (I A × 0.5 h) = (1.93 × 24) + 2(3.43 × 0.5) = 65.63 Ah = 65.63 × 1.25 = 82.04 Ah Round up to nearest available battery C2 PRIMARY POWER SOURCE CALCULATIONS C2.1 Battery charger current calculation Battery charger requirement = (see Clause 3.16.3(c)) Battery charging current required e is battery efficiency nominated charged for 24 h to provide 5I Q + 0.5 I A Ah requirement Where Battery by = (5 × I Q ) + F c (0.5 × I A ) = (5 × 1.93) + 2(0.5 × 3.43) = 13.08 Ah = 13.08 24 × e = 0.68 A the battery manufacturer (say 0.8 for this example) ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 C2.2 78 Power supply requirement Choose the greater of— (a) I A + non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads Total current Unit current Item (mA) Quantity (A) — — 3.43 50.0 4 0.20 IA Non-battery-backed ancillary alarm loads: Door holders 3.63 OR (b) I Q + non-battery-backed quiescent loads Total current Unit current Item (mA) IQ — Quantity (A) — 1.93 4 0.20 Non-battery-backed quiescent loads: Door holders 50.0 2.13 Therefore the required power supply rating = 3.63A Where the power supply is also used as the charger, the battery charger requirement has to be added to the minimum power supply requirement to obtain the minimum power supply rating. If the power supply is used as the battery charger, the rating is: Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 I A + battery charger current requirement = 3.63A + 0.59A = 4.22A Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 79 APPENDIX AS 1670.1—2004 D FIRE ALARM SYMBOLS Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (Normative) ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 80 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 FIGURE FIGURE D2 D1 TYPICAL SINGLE LINE DRAWING TYPICAL ADDRESSABLE SINGLE LINE DRAWING Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 81 APPENDIX AS 1670.1—2004 E COMMISSIONING TEST REPORT (Informative) THE FIRE DETECTION A ND ALARM SYSTEM INSTALLED AT: (Premises) .................................................................................................................... . ..................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... Postcode ....................................................... Owner or Owner’s Authorized Agent ................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ........... ............................................................................................................................... ........... Postcode ....................................................... NEW* MODIFICATION TO SYSTEM* ADDITION TO* Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (*Cross out those not applicable) Date of commissioning tests Name and address of .............................................................................................. commissioning company, company stamp or company (name in ‘BLOCK LETTERS’) ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ........... ............................................................................................................................... ........... ............................................................................................................................... ........... Postcode ....................................................... Commissioning person Name (print) ................................................................................. Signature ...................................................................................... ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 82 INSTRUCTIONS: This form is to be used in conjunction with— (a) operator’s manual; (b) installer’s statement(s); and (c) ‘as-installed’ drawings, to provide a complete description of the installed system and its tested performance at the time of its commissioning into service. SYSTEM INFORMATION GENERAL (a) YES Equipment Equipment has been designed and constructed in Equipment has been located, installed and interconnected accordance with the relevant Standards. (b) Installation in accordance with the system documentation. (c) Compatibility All detectors and other devices used in the system are— (i) listed in the operator’s manual; (ii) compatible with the relevant parts of CIE, particularly that the permitted number of detectors and other devices for each circuit is not exceeded; (iii) installed in an environment for which they are suitable; (iv) not set to a sensitivity outside that prescribed in the relevant product Standard. (d) Alarm zone limitations The alarm zone limitations in Clause 2.4 of The primary power source for the system has been provided in AS 1670.1 are not exceeded. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 (e) Primary power source (i) accordance with AS/NZS 3000. (ii) The isolating switch disconnects all active conductors. (iii) Five operations of the primary power source switch did not The secondary power source is of a suitable type and capacity cause an alarm to be indicated on the system. (f) Secondary power source (i) complying with the requirements of Clause 3.16.2 of AS 1670.1. (ii) The float voltage, charger type and setting is correct and in The battery voltage corresponds to accordance with the battery manufacturer’s recommendation. (g) Battery temperature and voltage that specified by the battery manufacturer for the temperature measured after 24 h quiescent operation. (h) Alarm zone parameters Each alarm zone circuit is within the meet equipment manufacturer’s specifications. (i) Wire-free alarm zones Wire-free actuating device parameters the minimum parameters specified by the manufacturer, including that the receiver responds to signals from an actuating device for alarm, tamper, low standby power signals and gives a fault signal when the supervisory signal condition is absent. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 83 (j) Operation of correctly detect fault and and alarm indicate AS 1670.1—2004 signals as the Fault correct and alarm alarm conditions zone, operating other required indicators, and operate relevant outputs of the CIE. (k) (l) Mimic panel All mimic panels, annunciators, etc., operate correctly. Alarm test, fault test, isolate and reset facility of Alarm zone controls each alarm zone operates correctly. (m) Alarm dependency Alarm dependency works correctly and does not apply to devices listed in Clause 3.3 of AS 1670.1. (n) CIE response to actuating device operation Each actuating device has operated when tested with a medium suitable for the device type and the alarm has indicated on the FIP and at the tested device. (o) Fault response time The response to a fault does not exceed 100 s for each alarm zone circuit. (p) Alarm been response tested time At least one detector and the response to the in each alarm alarm does not zone exceed has 10 s or the period specified when dependency on more than one alarm signal is used. (q) Supervisory signal response time each alarm zone circuit has At least one supervisory device in been tested and the response to the supervisory device does not exceed 100 s. (r) Alarm acknowledgment facility Alarm acknowledgement facilities operate in accordance with the requirements of Clause 3.2 AS 1670.1. (s) Occupant warning system (i) A fault signal is displayed at the CIE when the circuit wiring at the last speaker or sounder is short or open circuited. (ii) Each sounder/speaker requirements of operates Clause 3.22 of in accordance AS 1670.1 and a with record the of the Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 sound pressure level has been made. (t) The external alarm indication is visible from the main approach to the building. (u) Manual call points (i) (ii) Each manual call point operates correctly. The activation of manual call points do not cause existing detector alarm indications to be extinguished. (iii) (v) Manual call points are not subject to alarm dependency. Smoke and fire door release Each door-release device operates provide adequate correctly. (w) Flame detectors (i) The number and type of flame detectors protection for the area. (ii) There are no ‘blind’ spots in the area protected. (iii) Detectors are rigidly fixed. (iv) Detector lenses are clean and adequately protected from and extraneous radiation sources. (v) Detectors respond to a flame or simulated flame source. ww w.standards.com.au dust Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 (x) 84 Multi-point aspirating smoke detectors (i) Response time of all sampling points meets the requirements of AS 1670.1. (y) (ii) Alarm settings and indicators operate correctly. (iii) Remote indication of alarm and fault signals operate correctly. (iv) Airflow failure indicator operates correctly. (v) System (signal) failure indicators operate correctly. (vi) Isolate and reset functions operate correctly. (vii) Alarm and fault test facilities operate correctly. Duct sampling unit The alarm indicator is clearly visible from a trafficable area and the duct air velocity exceeds the minimum velocity specified for the unit. If not, the measured differential pressure is at least the minimum specified for the unit. (z) Ancillary control functions Each ancillary control function operates Alarm signalling equipment initiates a fire with the activation of associated alarm zones. (aa) Alarm signalling equipment alarm signal to the monitoring service provider. (bb) Labelling Alarm zone location is immediately apparent from the alarm zone labelling. DOCUMENTATION Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 The following documentation is located in or adjacent to the FIP: (a) ‘As-installed’ drawings. (b) CIE documentation required by AS 4428.1 or AS 7240.2. (c) Commissioning test report. (d) Installer’s statement in accordance with Appendix E of AS 1670.1. (e) A log complying with the requirements of Clause 7.3 of AS 1670.1. (f) Aspirating system design tool calculation. Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 85 APPENDIX AS 1670.1—2004 F STANDARD FORM OF INSTALLER’S STATEMENT FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEM (Normative) 1 Name of premises 2 Situated at ................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 3 I/We have installed in the above premises an alteration to the system of a system of ...................................................................... ................................................................................................. (Brand name) 4 The system is connected to the ................................ monitoring service provider 5 The system incorporates the following ancillary equipment: .................................... ............................................................................................................................. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 ............................................................................................................................. 6 The quiescent load of ancillary equipment is ......................................................... 7 Primary power voltage and source ........................................................................ 8 Secondary battery type and capacity 9 System maintenance agreement details ................................................................ 10 Portion/s of premises not protected by this system ................................................ .................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. 11 I/We hereby certify that: (a) the installation is complete and has been thoroughly tested. (b) the system is installed in accordance with the current requirements of AS 1670.1*. (c) the system is installed in accordance with attached design specification*. Except in regard to the following details*................................................................ ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. which have been approved by ................................................................ (person) of ................................................................................................... (organization) * Strike out the words that are not applicable. Location of fire indicator panel ……………………………………………………………… ww w.standards.com.au Standards Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 86 Zone of Number and type of actuating devices protection Heat Number Fire Flame of A larm actuating zone† devices Manual call A B C D E Smoke CO IR UV point Other per zone‡ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total Number † Add addressable loop number in brackets where applicable. ‡ Indicate with a number in brackets the number of actuating devices in concealed spaces. Additional Information Name ....................................................................................................... .............................................................. Signature .......................................... Company ............................................................................... Date ......................... Standards Australia ww w.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 87 AS 1670.1—2004 AMENDMENT CONTROL SHEET AS 1670.1—2004 Amendment No. 1 ( 2005 ) REVISED TEXT SUMMARY: This Amendment applies to the Preface, and Clauses 1.3, 1.4.8(a), 2.1, 3.22, 3.24.1, 3.24.3 and 3.24.4. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 Published on 26 November 2005. Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 AS 1670.1—2004 88 Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 NOTES Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 Standards Australia Standards Australia is an independent company, limited by guarantee, which prepares and publishes most of the voluntary technical and commercial standards used in Australia. These standards are developed through an open process of consultation and consensus, in which all interested parties are invited to participate. Through a Memorandum of Understanding with the Commonwealth government, Standards Australia is recognized as Australia’s peak national standards body. For further information on Standards Australia visit us at www.standards.org.au Australian Standards Australian Standards are prepared by committees of experts from industry, governments, consumers and other relevant sectors. The requirements or recommendations contained in published Standards are a consensus of the views of representative interests and also take account of comments received from Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 other sources. They reflect the latest scientific and industry experience. Australian Standards are kept under continuous review after publication and are updated regularly to take account of changing technology. 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For more information phone 1300 65 46 46 or visit Standards Web Shop at www.standards.com.au Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 lOMoARcPSD|18668285 GPO Box 476 Sydney Administration NSW 2001 Phone (02) 8206 6000 Fax (02) 8206 6001 Email mail@standards.com.au Customer Service Phone 1300 65 46 46 Fax 1300 65 49 49 Email sales@standards.com.au Internet www.standards.org.au ISBN 0 7337 5932 7 Printed in Australia Downloaded by Songkunhua Song (songkunhuasong@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|18668285 This document has expired. To access the current document, please go to your on-line service.Please note that material accessed via our on-line subscription services is not intended for off-line storage, and such storage is contrary to the licence under which the service is supplied. Accessed by WORLEYPARSONS SERVICES PTY LTD - LIBRARY on 29 Feb 2008 This page has been left intentionally blank. 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