Colonized country:
MALAYSIA
colonized by Portuguese, Dutch and Britian.
Made by Wang Shu Min 8A
LOGO
01
Colonial Powers
An Introduction.
Colonial PowersPortuguese:
Portuguese is one of the earliest colonial power from the west.
It colonized Malaysia by invading Melaka in July 1st 1511and
after a one month siege, Portuguese successfully captured
Melaka in August.
Dutch:
The Dutch is another rising colonial power. It started on 14th
January 1641 when the Dutch and the Johor kingdom started
invading the Portuguese controlled Melaka. At that time the
Portuguese empire is falling and the Dutch successfully took over
Melaka.
British:
The British signed the Anglo-Dutch Treaty, marked the Dutch
handing over Melaka to British in 1824. This is a more peaceful way
for changing Colonial power as the western colonial power had
agreed to work together.British also made Penang and Singapore as
a colony. The British took over Malaysia in 1896, united Selangor,
Negeri Sembilan,Pahang. British ruled Malaysia until August 31,
1957.
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02
Malaysia
Conditions
Malaysia
During the the 16th century, Malaysia(Malaya) was still a village
style country, where most places are not so developed. On the
other hand, Melaka,founded by Parameswara in 1403 was developed
into a famous trading port, where it attracted traders from Arabia,
China, India and more. Melaka became a famous trading port
partially from the geographical advantage such as the Melaka strait
provides flat seabed with gentle water currents, providing a
suitable saling conditions for large vessels. Melaka also has a
deep-water port condition for vessels to park at the dock. Melaka
also developed a suitable policy such as low tax, good management
and storage system and more, resulting in Melaka being a very
developed kingdom.
As Such...
Melaka became the ‘piece of fat meat’ in the growing western
colonial powers because of the profit of taxes and the
introduction of goods, especially spices, where they could
make a lot of money from selling it. The western colonial
powers also have a habit of underlooking ‘dark skin’ people
and believing that this place can be taken by their wish.
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03
Takedown
Social
Social-Ruler of Melaka
In 1488, the new ruler of Melaka-Mahmud Shah, is one of the reason
that led to the loss of Melaka. He belittle the other culture in
Melaka such as Indian and Chinese by disregarding their
contributions and implementing policies that favored his own ethnic
group such as lower taxes. This short-sightednes reduced the unity
of the communities in Melaka and leading to less trade incomes as
traders started to look elsewhere for trade.
As Such...
This lack of unity and trust in Melaka is taken in by the Potuguese
and started the invasion of Melaka soon after. With the Chinese
merchants lending ships to the Portuguese to assist in the invasion
of Melaka and the help of the Indians too.
Social-Dutch
In 1640, the Dutch realized that if they directly invade the Portuguese Melaka, they simply can’t gain
support from the local people as the local people would trust the Portuguese more than them;leading to
social unrest and creating problem in ruling.
1.Unition with the local
From the problems above, the Dutch sent out emisarry to Johor, asking them to joint attack the
Portuguese Melaka. Dutch promised them they would only ask for trading rights and would not interfer
with local affairs. Johor, which hated the Portuguese colonizing Melaka, agreed to work with the Dutch,
giving the Dutch an advantage of land assult.
2.Unition with the local
To achieve futhur peace in ruling, the Dutch, unlike the Portuguese that forcefully spread Catholism,
promised that even though they will introduce Protestant, they will respect the other religions in
Melaka. This helped to reduce the local’s hostility and defiance to the Dutch.
Social-British
In 1795, the British mislead the local people and the Dutch soldiers that the Dutch colonies are invaded
by France, letting the British in without any defence. However, this ‘invasion’ only lasted 23 years as
the British and the Dutch signed the Treaty of Amien.
Malaysia
Since 1786, the British started to change the Malaysian people to reduce their detest towards to
British from education. They forced the Malay to learn English, introduced the British history and
slowly downplay the negative impact the British did to Malaysia through cultural inflitration.
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04
Takedown
Political
Political-Melaka
During the regime of Sultan Mahmud Shah, the government is
fulfilled with corruption and bribery. To make matters even worse,
Mahmud Shah listens to difamation, leading to the execution of
loyal and capable offcers. In this environment, the officers always
concern more of their own benefit at first than the welfare or
sustainability of the country, resulting in the collapse of the army
in the later part of the invasion.
Political-Portuguese
The capture of Malacca was the result of a plan by the King of
Portugal Manuel I, who in 1505 had resolved to block Muslim trade
in the Indian Ocean by capturing Malacca and many other stratigic
locations to control trade of spices and with China. Albuquerque
first departed from India for Malacca in April 1511, with 1,200 men
and 17 to 18 ships. The Portuguese failed at first in July but
successfully conquered Melaka in August with the advantage of
muskets, better cannons, strategic planning and blockage and the
use of disunity in Melaka.
Political-Portuguese
The capture of Malacca was the result of a plan by the King of Portugal Manuel I, who in 1505 had
resolved to block Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean by capturing Malacca and many other stratigic
locations to control trade of spices and with China.
In 1509, the portuguese fleet arrived at the port of Melaka, they sent their emisarry to Melaka to
request for a piece of land to build their trading hub and trade. Sultan Muhmad Shah agreed at first,
but he saw the growing ruthlessness of the Portuguese and ordered all of the Portuguese to be
imprisoned. Unexpected, one managed to escape and the news became known in the Portuguese ears.
After relieasing that Melaka have to be taken by force, the Portuguese sent Albuquerque from India
for Malacca in April 1511, with 1,200 men and 17 to 18 ships. They arrived in July and after a 1
month seige, Albuquerque finally conquered Melaka.
The troops of Melaka is considered one of the best
in the world(except Europeans, China, Japan and
North Korea), having around 100,000 mens, cannons
and 2000 muskets. If planned well, the Melaka was
able to defend itself from the Portuguese. But
internal corruptions, the lack of planning and
disunity made Melaka lost the war.
Political-Dutch
In 1640 August, the Dutch led a 1500 men expeditionary force from Indonesia to Melaka. In this
period, they rested at Johor controlled Singapore and went to the west of Melaka. The Dutch fleet
arrived at October and started bombarding the A’Famosa fort and enclosing the dock for encirclment.
After 2 months of encirclment, the Portuguese army could hardly find any food or ammunition and
started to become desperate. In 1641. January, 600 Dutch soldiers crossed the Melaka river and
broke open the Portuguese’s defence line. In January 14th, Dutch successfully conquered Melaka
from the Portuguese’s hands.
During this period, the Portuguese is having a
social unrest in the country, the people are afraid
of Spanish invasion and they are protesting against
Spainish control of Melaka. Also, the Portuguese
colonies are too dispersed and lack effective
communication and military to defend their
colonies.
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During the 17th century to the 19th century, Melaka was on Dutch’s hands. Throughout this time, British and
the Dutch were on high rivality. The British understood that the Dutch rely abundantly on foreign resources so
they started their economical blockade towards the Dutch during the Anglo-Dutch war.
The process
Sparks of the war
The war was sparked by tensions
over trade and fishing rights in
the North Sea and the English
Channel, either by the right for
trading, ship attack and more.
Ending result
After this series of event, the
Dutch’s miliarial strength went
downfall, slowly losing grip of
it’s foreign colonies.
Involment and events
This Anglo-Dutch War total involved
Britian, France, Sweden and the
Dutch. There are four of these wars.
In the first war(1652-1654), British
won and gained some concession in
trade. The British lost the 2nd
war(1665-1667)and lost the NewNetherlands. In the 3rd war(16721674), France and Sweden joined in
against the Dutch, ending with high
casuality on the both side and Britian
gaining minor territories.
Ending result
The fourth and final anglo-Dutch
war(1780-1784) started when the
Dutch supported the American
independence. The British responded
by declaring war on the Dutch. The
British navy achieved notable vitory
while the Dutch suffered losses of
ships and colonies. The British
captured several Dutch colonies,
including the Cape Colony in South
Africa and various possessions in the
East Indies. The Britian and the
Dutch resolved in the Treaty of Paris
in 1784 but this marked the decline of
the Dutch Empire and the dominance
of the British.
Political-France attack
Background
The French Revolutionary Wars(1792-1802) began in 1792 as a result of the French Revolution. The
wars involved various European powers, including the Dutch Republic, which initially allied with
Britain and other monarchies against France. The Dutch Republic first tried to maintain neutral in
the conflict, but its close ties with Britain and its strategic location made it a target for France.
Invasion
The French invaded the Dutch Republic in 1794, taking advantage of the harsh winter that froze the
waterways, allowing French troops to cross into Dutch territory. The French army, led by General
Charles Pichegru, quickly overran Dutch defences. This was due to the Dutch Republic was illprepared for the invasion. The French forces faced little resistance and occupied major Dutch cities,
including Utrecht and Amsterdam. The ruler William V fled to England, and the government
collapsed.
Following the invasion, the French established the
Batavian Republic in 1795 as a member state. The
new republic was named after the ancient Batavi, a
people who once inhabited the area of the lower
Rhine and the Netherlands.
This gave the British a chance to take over Melaka
as a ‘protection’ from the Dutch allies to prevent
France take-over.
Political-British
Penang
In the 18th century, the British East India Company (EIC) was expanding its trade operations in Asia, seeking
to capitalize on the lucrative spice trade and other commercial opportunities.In 1786, Captain Francis Light,
an agent of the British East India Company, arrived in Penang. He negotiated with the Sultan of Kedah,
Sultan Abdullah Mahrum Shah, for the cession of Penang Island. The Sultan was under pressure from the
Siamese (from what is now Thailand) and saw an alliance with the British as a way to gain protection. In
August 17th 1876, the Sultan of Kedah and Francis signed a treaty, marking the handover of Penang from
Kedah to the British.
Singapore
From 1811 to 1816 Stamford Raffles, a British official, explored the region and
recognized the potential of Singapore as a trading post. On January 29, 1819, Raffles
signed a treaty with the Sultan and the Temenggong, securing the right to establish a
trading post on Singapore. The Sultan was promised an annual payment, and the
Temenggong was given a larger sum.
Francis Light
Stamford Raffles
Political-British
Melaka
During the Napoleonic Wars, Britain took advantage of the weakened state of the Dutch Republic, which was
under French control. The British captured several Dutch colonies, including Melaka(in 1795), to benefit in
the new-taken colonies and prevent them to fall under French control. From that, Melaka was occupied by
British forces without much resistance and was placed under the administration of the British East India
Company.This occupation is short-lasted as it was returned to the Dutch in 1818.
The British and the Dutch signed a treaty called the Anglo-Dutch Treaty in1824 which the Dutch ceded their
claims to Melaka to the British in exchange for the British cession of Bencoolen (on the west coast of
Sumatra) to the Dutch.
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05
Takedown
Economical
Economical-Portuguese
Melaka, because it is a trading port, it can access many resources, lowering the need of selfproduce. This is indeed a benefit, but the when the Portuguese started the seige on Melaka,
resources from the outside world is cut of. This had a great impact on Melaka as the nessary
resources are unaccessable,
Economical-British
During the Anglo-Dutch war, as talked before, the British started an economic blockade on the
Dutch, stressing the need of resources, limiting the vessels that can access its colonies and bringing
back resources. As a result, the Dutch is having to spend most of its focus on breaking the economic
blockade, leaving the colonies vulnerable.
From this advantage, the British could be able to take control of Melaka with less casualty, less
time and would not be afraid of a counterattack by the Dutch in a short period of time before the
British have stable rule over Melaka.