03
Atoms elements
.
,
C 3.1
C. 3.2
.
Physical
Elements
.
chemical
changes
compounds
mixtures
+
,
,
,
compounds
•
compound
-
-
•
element
-
-
-
atoms
w/ same
#
protons
of
limited
:
pure substance
32
elements
unlimited
chemically combined
#
-
#
.
mixture
-
-
-
:
32
substances
NOT
chemically combined
can
be
separated physically
-
•
metals
and
non
-
metals
metals
conduct heat +
4
malleable
texture
lustrous (shiny )
dull , non
high
+ ve
formed
✗
brittle
formed
.
oxides
metals
ductile
density melting pt
+
ions
-
✓
shape
surface
non
basic
,
-
reflective
low
-
ve
acidic
•
conc
=
amount of
solute
specific V of solvent
unit ?
v.
display properties of both
C. 3
.
Atomic
structure
a
in
1-
NUCLEON
Periodic Table
NUMBER
→
=p
+
n
shells
08
+
-1 +
+
1-
1
12
negligible
gc
Electron
%
14
AN
shells
Ne: 2.8
¥
Br: 2.8.18.7
2.8.18.3
try some
•
Noble
-
-
configurations ?
gases
Group 0 / VII
:
full outer shells
→
=
unreactive
stable
Isotopes
•
•
•
•
Uses: For radioactive components
element
atoms
of
same
proton #
dif
nucleon
same
( same
\
:
same
#
properties
# e-
in
outer shell )
Ionic
C. 3. 4
.
Ions
a
ionic
bonds
between
metallic
+
non
-
metallic
bonds
Ions
S
Compound: NaCl
Ionic: Na+ Cl-
✓
Ionic
compounds form
lattice
-
-
structures :
regular arrangement
alternating
ions
+ ve
and
-
ve
C 3.5
.
Non metallic
-
with
covalent
Single
•
covalent
Molecules and
elements
form
bonds
between
covalent
bonds
simple molecules
atoms
Hz
bonds
,
Clz
,
H2O
,
Cha
,
7-
Complex ( double / triple)
•
us
atom
gains full outer shell
MHz
HCl
each
→
.
,
7
covalent bonds
Nz
,
Gta
,
CH } OH
,
CO2
covalent
.
IoniÉt
meltinglboilingpt.fi
liquid
solid
stwt.IE?.s?iu?t#no-oeaporateeasixusua-yyes-aromas
gas
,
volatile ?
yes
:
ionic
usually
compounds
no
:
non
-
polar ;
conduc.to?#terrPdissdvesinorganic
yes
melting
*
-
ionic
-
a
boiling pt
compounds
have
strong
↳
molten / in solution
no :
all e- in bonds
.
high
oppositely charged ions in
↳
:
mlbpt
-
lattice
amounts
simple
-
electrostatic forces
require large
solvents
-
of energy
to
overcome
covalent
strong
substances
covalent
bonds
in each
weaker intermolecular forces
↳
less
energy
required
molecule
C. 3.6
Macromolecules
.
allotrope
-
:
-
-
-
element
•
dif
same
element
same
physical state
C
:
atomic / molecular
giant
covalent
structures
giant
lattice
structure
→
arrangement
mlbp ?
→
amount of
energy
?
4 free
¥-5
1C
-
very
→
4 Cs
strong
1C
-
covalent
bonds
°
conduct
4 ?
1
strong
-
-
extremely hard dense
used
jewellery cutting tools
( e.g.
as
:
→
,
heavy duty drill
-
°
bits )
per
•
slide
conduct
soft
,
as
•
Sick
Silicon CIV ) Oxide
-
-
macromolecule
-
10
bonds
to
2 Si
1- Si
bonds to
40s
shape
→
:
predictions ?
.
pencils
slippery
yeah
,
,
layers
smooth
?
Gines
-1 locks
industrial lubricants
"
,
4 conductor ( electrodes in
Silicon
[macromolecular ]
naturally as sand
occurs
J
a.k.a
between
→
4 ?
slippery
•
0
,
m.p.
used
→
layers free to move
bonds
covalent
•
I
forms
C
between
in
layers
→
,
e-
intermolecular forces
weak
•
→
free
↳
no
-0-8-0
3 Cs
to
-
→
?
m.p.
•
bond
layers of hexagonal shaped
→
intermolecular forces
no
-
to
tetrahedron
→
-
bond
quartz
Dioxide
electrolysis )