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ELITE
™
STUDENT
EDITION
5 STEPS TO A
AP World History:
Modern
2024
Beth Bartolini-Salimbeni
Wendy Petersen
Amanda Bader
New York Chicago San Francisco Athens London Madrid
Mexico City Milan New Delhi Singapore Sydney Toronto
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CONTENTS
Preface v
Acknowledgments vii
About the Authors ix
Introduction: The Five-Step Program xi
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program
1 What You Need to Know About the AP World History: Modern Exam 3
Background Information 3
Reasons for Taking the Advanced Placement Exam 4
What You Need to Know About the AP World History: Modern Exam 5
2 How To Plan Your Time 8
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP World History: Modern Exam 8
When to Take the Practice Exams 10
Setting Up a Study Group 10
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam 15
AP World History: Modern Diagnostic Test 17
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success
4 Tips for Taking the Exam 53
Multiple-Choice Questions 53
Short-Answer Questions 54
Document-Based Question 55
Long-Essay Question 55
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
5 Getting Organized and Thinking About World History 59
6 Review: The World Up to c. 1200 CE 63
7 Changes in European Institutions 84
8 Interregional Trade and Exchange 91
9 Empires in the Americas 102
10 Expansion of China 107
11 Empires and Other Political Systems 115
12 Hemispheric Exchange 127
13 Systems of Slavery 132
14 Cultural and Intellectual Changes 137
Summaries: The Global Tapestry and Networks of Exchange
Timeline 142
142
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iv ❯
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Contents
Key Comparisons 142
Change/Continuity Chart 143
Summaries: Land-Based Empires and Trans-Oceanic Interconnections
Timeline 145
Key Comparisons 145
Change/Continuity Chart 146
15 Revolutions and the Consequences of Industrialization 148
16 Political Revolutions 160
17 Western Imperialism 168
18 World Trade 175
Summary: Industrialization and Global Integration: Revolutions
and Consequences of Industrialization 181
Timeline 181
Key Comparisons 181
Change/Continuity Chart 182
19 Revolutions, World Wars, and Depression 184
20 Cold War and the Post-War Balance of Power 195
21 End of the Cold War and Nationalist Movements 206
22 Global Trade 214
23 Technological Developments 222
24 Social Changes 229
25 Demographic and Environmental Developments 236
Summary: Accelerating Global Change and Realignments
(c. 1900 to the present) 242
Timeline 242
Key Comparisons 243
Change/Continuity Chart 244
145
STEP 5 Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
Practice Test One 249
Practice Test Two 281
ELITE
5 Minutes to a 5
STUDENT 180 Daily Questions and Activities in 5 Minutes a Day 319
EDITION
Glossary 541
Bibliography 551
Websites 553
Maps of the World 555
Key Individuals 571
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PREFACE
Welcome to the adventure of Advanced Placement (AP) World History: Modern. Enjoy the
challenges of your studies. During the course of the year, you should be prepared to read
widely in both your text and readers. Expect to analyze all sorts of primary documents,
from text to political cartoons, photographs, paintings, maps, and charts; analytical skills
are essential to success on both the multiple-choice and the essay questions. You will write
essay after essay as you not only analyze primary documents but also compare issues and
analyze continuity and change over time. Along the way, enjoy the fascinating story of
humankind and find a little of yourself among the peoples of other societies.
This study guide will ease your passage through the challenges of AP World History:
Modern to success on the examination. At first sight, the amount of material in the AP
World History: Modern course can appear a bit overwhelming. The goal of this manual is
to present that content material and the test-taking skills that will allow you to approach
the AP exam with confidence. As a first step, turn now to the Introduction to learn about
the five-step study program and how it can help you to organize your preparation.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to thank Grace Freedson and Del Franz for their encouragement and editing,
outside readers for their invaluable suggestions, and our families for their extraordinary
patience.
—Beth Bartolini-Salimbeni
—Wendy Petersen
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Beth Bartolini-Salimbeni holds degrees in history, Spanish, Italian, and comparative literature. A former Fulbright scholar and twice a National Endowment for the Humanities
(NEH) fellow, she has taught AP World History, AP European History, and AP Art
History at the high school level as well as history and languages at the high school and the
university levels, both in the United States and in Italy. Her most recent book is Italian
Grammar for Dummies. She is currently working on a biography of a nineteenth-century
Italian “gentlewoman.” In 2014–2015, she was the recipient of the American Association
of Italian Teachers Distinguished Service Award (K–12) and the New Mexico Organization
of Language Educators Lifetime Achievement Award for her work in Romance languages
and cultures.
Wendy Petersen earned undergraduate degrees in political science and French before going
on to a Master of Arts in political science. Time spent studying in France and England
sparked her interest in history, and she began her career teaching world history in southwest Houston in 1997. Since moving to New Mexico in 2000, she has taught a variety of
subjects, including French, AP World History, and AP U.S. Government and Politics. In
2014, she was selected as one of the first teachers to pilot the new Advanced Placement
Seminar course, part of the College Board’s Advanced Placement Capstone program.
Amanda Bader taught AP World History: Modern and AP Language and Composition
at Rio Rancho High School in New Mexico. She has served as a reader, table leader, early
table leader, and question leader for the College Board.
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INTRODUCTION:
THE FIVE-STEP PROGRAM
Introducing the Five-Step Preparation Program
This book is organized as a five-step program to prepare you for success on the exam. These
steps are designed to provide you with vital skills and strategies and the practice that can
lead you to that perfect 5. Here are the five steps.
Step 1: Set Up Your Study Program
In this step you’ll read a brief overview of the AP World History: Modern exam, including
an outline of topics and the approximate percentage of the exam that will test knowledge
of each topic. You’ll learn:
• Background information about the AP exam
• Reasons for taking the exam
• What to bring to the exam
• Other tips to prepare you for the exam
• How to choose the preparation plan that’s right for you
• Timetables for three suggested plans
Step 2: Determine Your Test Readiness
In this step you’ll take a diagnostic exam in AP World History: Modern. This pretest
should give you an idea of how prepared you are before beginning your study program.
• Go through the diagnostic exam step by step and question by question to build your
confidence level.
• Review the correct answers and explanations so that you see what you do and do not yet
fully understand.
Step 3: Develop Strategies for Success
In this step you’ll learn strategies that will help you do your best on the exam. These
strategies cover all four question types: multiple-choice, document-based, continuity and
change-over-time, and comparative. This part of your preparation program will help you
learn
• how to read multiple-choice questions.
• how to answer multiple-choice questions, including whether or not to guess.
• how to analyze primary documents, including texts, photographs, political cartoons,
maps, and charts.
• how to answer the document-based and long essays.
• how to respond to the short-answer questions.
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xii ❯ Introduction:
The Five-Step
Program By email at student.support@hotmail.com
Step 4: Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
In this step you’ll learn or review the material you need to know for the test. This section
takes up the bulk of this book. It contains not only summaries of key events and concepts
but also vocabulary lists and review questions. The material is organized chronologically.
Each unit in this section is followed by a timeline, a list of key comparisons, and a change/
continuity chart. The chart will show you at a glance key events and issues in the major
world regions. It will also refresh your memory of changes and continuities within each
region during the time covered by the unit.
As you review this material, it may be helpful to work with others. Find a study pal or
form a small study group, and set a time when you can get together to review.
Step 5: Build Your Test-Taking Confidence
In this step you’ll complete your preparation by testing yourself on a full-length practice
exam modeled after the actual examination. The test is followed by a discussion of the
answers. Be aware that this practice exam is not simply a reproduction of questions from
actual AP exams, but it mirrors both the material tested and the way in which it is tested.
• Try the strategies provided in Chapter 4 of this book for each type of question on the
test.
• Pair up with another student and read and critique each other’s essays.
• Take the time not only to check whether or not your answers are correct but also to read
the explanation for the correct answers. By doing this, you will review a broad body of
concepts in a shorter period of time.
Finally, at the back of this book you’ll find additional resources to aid your preparation.
These include the following:
• Glossary of terms
• Bibliography for further reading
• List of websites related to the AP World History: Modern exam
• An appendix of selected maps
• An appendix of key individuals
The Graphics Used in This Book
To emphasize particular concepts and strategies, we use several icons throughout this book.
An icon in the margin will alert you that you should pay particular attention to the accompanying text. We use these three icons:
KEY IDEA
The first icon points out a very important concept or fact that you should not pass over.
STRATEGY
The second icon calls your attention to a strategy that you may want to try.
TIP
The third icon indicates a tip that you might find useful.
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STEP
1
Set Up Your Study Program
chapter 1 What You Need to Know About the AP World History:
Modern Exam
chapter 2 How to Plan Your Time
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CHAPTER
1
What You Need to Know About the
AP World History: Modern Exam
IN THIS CHAPTER
Summary: Learn background information on the AP program and exam,
how exams are graded, what types of questions are asked, what topics are
tested, and basic test-taking information.
Key Ideas
KEY IDEA
✪ Many colleges and universities will give you credit for exam scores of 3 or
above.
✪ Multiple-choice questions reflect the amount of course time spent on
each of the four AP World History: Modern periods.
✪ The three types of free-response questions are based on the broad
course themes and are aligned with course skills.
Background Information
What Is the Advanced Placement Program?
The Advanced Placement (AP) program was begun by the College Board in 1955 to construct standard achievement exams that would allow highly motivated high school students
the opportunity to be awarded advanced placement as freshmen in colleges and universities
in the United States. Today, there are more than 30 courses and exams with nearly 2 million
students taking the annual exams in May.
There are numerous AP courses in the social studies beside World History: Modern,
including U.S. history, European history, U.S. government, comparative government,
macro­
economics, microeconomics, and psychology. The majority of students who take
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4 ❯ STEP
1. Complete
Set Up YoureBook
Study Program
AP tests are juniors and seniors; however, some schools offer AP courses to freshmen and
sophomores, especially in world history.
Who Writes the AP World History: Modern Exam? Who Corrects
the Exams?
Like all AP exams, the World History: Modern exam is written by college and high school
instructors of world history. This group is called the AP World History Test Development
Committee. The committee constantly evaluates the test, analyzing the test as a whole
and on an item-by-item basis. All questions on the World History: Modern exam are fieldtested before they actually appear on an AP exam.
A much larger group of college and secondary teachers meets at a central location in
early June to correct the exams that were completed by students the previous month. The
scoring procedure of each grader (or “reader”) during this session is carefully analyzed to
ensure that exams are being evaluated on a fair and consistent basis.
How Are Exams Graded?
Sometime in July, the grade you receive on your AP exam is reported. You, your high
school, and the colleges you listed on your initial application will receive the scores.
There are five possible scores that you may receive on your exam:
• 5 indicates that you are extremely well qualified. This is the highest possible grade.
• 4 indicates that you are well qualified.
• 3 indicates that you are qualified.
• 2 indicates that you are possibly qualified.
• 1 indicates that you are not qualified to receive college credit.
Individual colleges and universities differ in their acceptance of AP exam scores. Most
will not consider a score below a 3 on any AP exam. Many highly competitive colleges
and universities honor only scores of 5 on AP exams. To find out which universities offer
credit, and how much for which score, go to the College Board website: https://apstudent.
collegeboard.org/creditandplacement.
Reasons for Taking the Advanced Placement Exam
The higherorder thinking
skills that
characterize
the AP World
History: Modern
course provide
an excellent
preparation
for college and
university studies.
—College
professor
There are several very practical reasons for enrolling in an AP World History: Modern
course and taking the AP World History: Modern exam in May. During the application
process, colleges look very favorably on students who have challenged themselves by taking
Advanced Placement courses. Although few would recommend this, it is possible to take
any AP exam without taking a preparatory course for that exam.
Most important, most colleges will reward you for doing well on your AP exams.
Although the goal of this manual is to help you achieve a 5, if you get a 3 or better on
your AP World History: Modern exam, many colleges will either give you actual credit
for a required introductory world history course or allow you to receive elective credit. You
should definitely check beforehand with the colleges you are interested in to find out their
policy on AP scores and credit; they will vary.
Taking a year of AP World History: Modern (or any AP) course will be a very exacting
and challen­ging experience. If you have the capabilities, allow yourself to be challenged!
Many students feel a great personal satisfaction after completing an AP course, regardless
of the scores they eventually receive on the actual exam.
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What You
Need toBy
Know
About
the AP World History: Modern Exam ❮ 5
What You Need to Know
About the AP World History: Modern Exam
The AP World History: Modern exam consists of both multiple-choice and essay questions.
The multiple-choice portion is worth 40 percent of the total exam grade, whereas the three
essays together count equally for the other 60 percent. Your score on the multiple-choice
section is based on the number of questions you answer correctly. There is no “guessing
penalty.” No points will be deducted for incorrect answers; unanswered questions will be
graded as incorrect answers.
Format of the Exam
The following table summarizes the format of the AP World History: Modern exam.
TYPE OF
QUESTION
NUMBER OF
QUESTIONS
TIMING
% OF EXAM
SCORE
Multiple-Choice
55
55 minutes
40%
Section I,
Part B
Short-Answer
4: answer questions
1 and 2; choose
40 minutes
between questions
3 and 4.
20%
Section II,
Part A
Document-Based
Question (DBQ)
1
60 minutes
25%
Section II,
Part B
Long-Essay
Choose 1 of 3
questions
40 minutes
15%
SECTION
Section I,
Part A
Exam Weighting
The exam weighting for each of the nine units of the course is provided below.
UNITS
Unit 1: The Global Tapestry
Unit 2: Network of Exchange
Unit 3: Land-Based Empires
Unit 4: Transoceanic
Interconnections
Unit 5: Revolutions
Unit 6: Consequences of
Industrialization
Unit 7: Global Conflict
Unit 8: Cold War and
Decolonization
Unit 9: Globalization
CHRONOLOGICAL PERIOD
c. 1200 to c. 1450
c. 1200 to c. 1450
c. 1450 to c. 1750
c. 1450 to c. 1750
EXAM WEIGHTING
8–10%
8–10%
12–15%
12–15%
c. 1750 to c. 1900
c. 1750 to c. 1900
12–15%
12–15%
c. 1900 to present
c. 1900 to present
8–10%
8–10%
c. 1900 to present
8–10%
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6 ❯ STEP
1. Complete
Set Up YoureBook
Study Program
Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
KEY IDEA
This section consists of 55 questions. Each question has four possible answers. The questions are arranged in sets of two to four questions per set. Each set begins with a written
or visual stimulus. You will have 55 minutes to complete the multiple-choice section. Once
time is up, you may NOT return to this section, so be sure to answer all questions during
the 55 minutes allowed for this section.
Short-Answer Questions (SAQs)
The AP exam contains four short-answer questions: you will answer questions 1 and 2,
and then choose between questions 3 and 4. Each short-answer question will have Parts
A, B, and C. All questions, regardless of the number of parts, are worth the same number
of points. The first two SAQs will have prompts using historical texts, images, or data
that require interpretation and analysis. The first SAQ will be based on a primary source
and the second will be based on a secondary source. The last two SAQs will not contain
sources, but will be traditional questions. You will have 40 minutes to complete the SAQ
section of the exam.
Long-Essay Question (LEQ)
KEY IDEA
During the remaining 100 minutes of the test you will be asked to write two essays: a
document-based question (DBQ) and a long-essay question. The essays will be based on
the broad themes that form the background of the AP World History: Modern course.
According to the College Board description of the AP World History: Modern course,
these themes include:
• Human-environmental interaction
• Disease and its effects on population
• Migration
• Settlement patterns
• Technology
• Cultural development and interaction
• Religions, belief systems, and philosophies
• The arts and architecture
• State-building, expansion, and conflict (governance)
• Political structures and forms of government
• Empires
• Nations and nationalism
• Revolts and revolutions
• Regional, transregional, and global organizations and structures
• Creation, growth, and interaction of economic systems
• Agriculture and pastoralism
• Trade and commerce
• Labor systems
• Industrialization
• Capitalism and socialism
• Development and change of social structures
• Gender roles
• Family and kinship relations
• Race and ethnicity
• Social and economic class structures
• Technology and innovation
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What You
Need toBy
Know
About
the AP World History: Modern Exam ❮ 7
STRATEGY
Also essential to success on the essays is the ability to visualize global patterns and the reactions of societies to global processes. The ability to inter­pret the context of a document, as
well as to analyze point of view, is necessary to compose a satisfactory response to the DBQ.
For further information on the multiple-choice and essay questions, refer to Step 3 of
this manual.
Taking the Exam
When you arrive at the exam site, you should have brought the following:
TIP
• Several pencils for the multiple-choice questions
• Several black or blue pens for the essays
• A traditional, not a smart, watch. Silence any alarms that would go off during the exam
period
• Tissues
• Your school code
• A photo ID
Leave the following items at home:
• A cell phone or calculator
• Books, a dictionary, study notes, flash cards, highlighters, correction fluid, a ruler, or any
other office supplies
• Portable music of any kind; no MP3 players, iPods, or CD players are allowed
Other recommendations:
• Don’t study the night before. Arrive at the exam rested.
• Wear comfortable clothing. It’s a good idea to layer your clothing so that you are prepared for a variety of temperatures in the exam room.
• Eat a light breakfast and a light lunch on the day of the exam.
• Bring a water bottle with a lid.
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